最新全国考研资料环境工程复试常见英语打印版.doc

考研复试常见英文问题及回答

考研复试常见英文问题及回答Common English Questions and Answers for Postgraduate Entrance Re-examinationsWhen it comes to postgraduate entrance re-examinations, also known as the second round of interviews or oral exams, candidates are often required to demonstrate theirproficiency in English through a series of questions. Here are some common English questions that might be asked during a postgraduate re-examination, along with suggested answers:1. Question: Can you introduce yourself briefly?Answer: "Certainly. My name is [Your Name], and I have recently completed my undergraduate studies in [Your Major] at [Your University]. I am passionate about [Your Field of Interest] and am eager to further my knowledge through postgraduate studies."2. Question: Why did you choose this university for your postgraduate studies?Answer: "I chose this university because of its esteemed reputation in [Your Field of Study]. The faculty here is renowned, and the research facilities are state-of-the-art, which I believe will provide an excellent environment for my academic growth."3. Question: What are your research interests?Answer: "My research interests lie in [Specific Area], particularly [Specific Topic]. I am fascinated by the potential impact of [Your Research Interest] on [Relevant Field or Society] and am keen to contribute to this field through innovative research."4. Question: How do you plan to finance your postgraduate studies?Answer: "I am currently exploring several options, including scholarships, grants, and part-time work opportunities. I am also considering taking out a student loan if necessary to cover the tuition fees and living expenses."5. Question: What are your career goals after completing your postgraduate degree?Answer: "Upon completing my postgraduate degree, I aim to work in [Specific Industry or Role]. I believe that the skills and knowledge I will gain from this program will be instrumental in helping me achieve my career objectives."6. Question: How do you handle stress and pressure?Answer: "I handle stress by maintaining a balanced lifestyle. I ensure I have time for exercise, hobbies, and relaxation. Additionally, I prioritize tasks, set achievable goals, and break down larger tasks into manageable parts toavoid feeling overwhelmed."7. Question: Why should we accept you into our postgraduate program?Answer: "You should accept me because I am highly motivated, have a strong academic background, and am committed to contributing to the academic community. My dedication to [Your Field of Study], combined with my practical experience and eagerness to learn, makes me a suitable candidate for your program."8. Question: Can you tell us about a challenge you faced and how you overcame it?Answer: "One challenge I faced was [Describe the Challenge], and I overcame it by [Describe Your Actions]. This experience taught me [Lesson Learned] and has prepared me to handle similar challenges in my postgraduate studies."9. Question: How do you stay updated with the latest developments in your field?Answer: "I stay updated by regularly reading academic journals, attending conferences, and participating in online forums and discussions. I also network with professionals and academics in my field to exchange insights and knowledge."10. Question: What is your opinion on the importance of teamwork in research?Answer: "Teamwork is crucial in research as itfosters collaboration, allows for the combination of diverse skills and perspectives, and enhances the quality of research outcomes. It also prepares researchers for the collaborative nature of the professional world."Remember, the key to answering these questionseffectively is to be prepared, honest, and to providespecific examples that illustrate your points. Practice your answers to ensure clarity and confidence during the actual interview.。

环境工程专业英语考试要点

COD chemical oxygen demand化学需氧量BOD biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量TOC total organic carbon 总有机碳DO dissolved oxygen 溶解氧POPs persistent organic pollutants 持久性有机污染物TSP total suspended particle 总悬浮颗粒TKN total Kjeldahl nitrogen 总凯氏氮UASB up flow anaerobic sludge blanket 上流式厌氧污泥床MBR membrane bioreactor 膜生物反应器SBR sequencing batch reactor 间歇式活性污泥法1、Many of the chemicals saved from the sewer were either worthless or of such a low value as to render recovery uneconomical.在下水道中回收到的物质不是没价值的就是低廉到不足以恢复利用。

2、Because CO2 can absorb thermal energy, it decreases the atmosphere’s emissivity, that is, its ability to radiate long-wave infrared and transparency to visible light is characterized as the “greenhouse effect”.因为二氧化碳能够吸收热能，减少大气发射率，也就是说，它能够辐射红外长波和可见光，这种能力通常被称为“温室效应”。

3、Equipment may be modified to enhance recovery or recycling operations, to produce less waste, or to improve operating efficiency.设备能够被改造以能够提高恢复或回收的操作率，产生更少废物，或提高操作效率。

研究生复试常见问题(中英文版)

研究生复试常见问题（中英文版）1介绍你的大学introduce your university学校名字+学校特色+王牌专业我在XXXXX。

XXX办学历史可追溯于XXX年，建校XX周年，是国家“双一流”建设高校。

以修德博学求实创新为校训，作物学、植物学与动物学研究位于全国前列。

校园坐落在素有“花城”美誉的广州市，土地总面积8261亩。

自然景色与人文景观交相辉映，形成了“五湖四海一片林”的优美环境。

我十分感激这间美丽的学校，给我机会使我得到成长。

I study in XXX. The history of XXX can be traced back to XX, the XXth anniversary of the founding of XXX. With the motto of Xude's erudition, truth-seeking and innovation, the research of crop science, botany and zoology is at the forefront of the country. The campus is located in Guangzhou, known as the "flower city", with a total land area of 8,261 mu. The natural scenery and cultural landscape reflect each other, forming a beautiful environment of "a forest all over the world". I am very grateful to this beautiful school for giving me the opportunity to grow up. Above is my answer, thank you teacher2介绍你的学院Introduce your collegeXXX成立于2005年5月，建院XX年。

环境工程专业英语归纳

欢迎阅读专业英语环境：environment 环境工程：environmental engineering环境保护：environmental protection 环境意识：environmental consciousness/awareness环境问题：environmental issue/problem 环境效应：environmental effect环境污染：environmental pollution 环境要素：environmental elements环境因子：environmental factors 环境化学：environmental chemistry环境生态学：environmental ecology 环境质量：environmental quality环境自净作用：environmental self-purification/self-cleansing水环境：watershed 水体：water body流域：watershed 水质：water quality水资源：water resources 供水：water supply废水：waste water 水处理：water treatment物理性水质指标：physical indicate of water quality 水污染物：water pollutant生物性水质指标：biological water-quality index 水质标准：water quality standard化学性水质指标：chemical water-quality indexDS：dissolved solids BOD：biochemical oxygen demandTDS：total dissolved solids COD：chemical oxygen demandTSS：total suspended solids DO：dissolved oxygenTOC：total organic carbon PH值：TN：总氮total nitrogen TP：总磷phosphorusZn：zinc Cu：CopperAs：arsenic Cd：CadmiumCr：chromium Ni：NickelHg：mercury Pb：plumbum物理处理：physical treatment 过滤：screening生物处理：biological treatment 沉淀：sedimentation化学处理：chemical treatment 气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemical treatment蒸发：evaporation 稀释：dilution扩散：dispersion 吹脱：stripping好氧处理：aerobic treatment 生物膜法：bio-membrane process厌氧处理：anaerobic treatment 生物滤池：trickling filters活性污泥法：activated sludge process 生物接触氧化：biological contactSBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket 活性污泥：activated sludge 改进型：modification 一级处理：primary treatment二级处理：secondary treatment 三级处理：tertiary treatment高级氧化处理：advanced treatment 生活污水：domestic wastewater生产废水：industrial wastewater 城市生活污水：municipal wastewater电镀废水：metalplating plants印染废水：pulp and paper industries wastewater 浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness 水质净化：water quality purifies混凝沉淀：coagulate flocculating agent 活性炭吸附：activated carbon adsorption欢迎阅读隔油池：oil separation tank 中和池：neutralization tank调节池：adjusting tank 生物反应池：biological reactor加药设备：physical equipment 沉淀池：sedimentation tank初沉池：primary sedimentation tank 二沉池：secondary sedimentation tank絮凝剂：flocculant 混凝剂：coagulate flocculant生物降解：biodegradation 生物累积：bioaccumulation飘尘：floating dust 可吸入颗粒物：inhalable particles能见度：visibility 酸雨：acid rain一次污染物：primary pollutant二次污染物：secondary pollutant 氮氧化物：nitrogen oxides硫氧化物：sulfur oxides硫化氢：hydrogen sulfide 碳氧化物：carbon oxides硝酸：nitric acid 盐酸：hydrochloric acid硫酸：sulfuric acid 二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide除尘工艺：Dust removal吸收：absorption 吸附：adsorption静电除尘：electric dust precipitation 重力除尘：gravitational settling臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemical smoke 喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging土壤：soil 热污染：temperature change/thermal pollution 噪声：noise 放射性：radioactivityEIA：environmental impact assessment CAD（计算机辅助设计）：computer aided design大气污染控制工程：air pollution control 水污染控制工程：water pollution control固体废物污染控制工程：solid waste management污染源：pollution source同化作用：assimilation 固体废物：solid wastes危险废物：hazardous wastes化学污泥chemical sludge：生物污泥：biological sludge工业固废：industrialwastes 分选处理：separation treatment矿业固废：mine solid wastes 破碎处理：processing农业固废：agriculture solid wastes 压实处理：reduction in volume污泥脱水：disposal of the sludge ？污泥浓缩：sludge thickening带式压滤：Belt filter press离心脱水：centrifugal dewatering筛分：screening堆肥和堆肥化：compost and composting 沼气和沼气化：biogas热解与焚烧：pyrolysis and incineration 生物转化作用：biotransformation热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical固化和稳定化作用：solidification and stabilization资源化：resource减量化：pollution control无害化：harmlessness固体废物全过程控制：solid waste integrated control固体废物污染控制：solid waster pollution control固体废物处理：processing and recovery 处置：disposal物质回收：materials recovery 物质转化：material conversion能量回收：energy recovery 能量转化：energy conversion1.Environmental engineering has been defined as the branch of engineering that isconcerned with protecting the environment from the potential, deleterious effects of human activity, protecting human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors, and improving environmental quality for human health and well-being.（2页）环境工程学是环境工程的分支学科，其研究内容包括①保护环境免受人类活动改造形成的潜在和不利影响②保护人类免受不利环境因素的影响③持续改善环境质量，以造福于人类健康与福祉。

环境工程专业英语

专业英语环境：environment 环境工程：environmental engineering环境保护：environmental protection 环境意识：environmental consciousness/awareness 环境问题：environmental issue/problem 环境效应：environmental effect环境污染：environmental pollution 环境要素：environmental elements环境因子：environmental factors 环境化学：environmental chemistry环境生态学：environmental ecology 环境质量：environmental quality环境自净作用：environmental self-purification/self-cleansing生物圈：biosphere 生态学：ecology生态系统：ecosystem 生态平衡：ecological balance生态破坏：ecological damage生物群落：biological community猎食者：predator 食物链：food chain被猎食者：prey 营养级：trophic level物质循环：material cycle信息反馈：information feedback能量传递：energy transfer物质不灭定律：the law of conservation of mass能量守恒定律：the law of conservation of energy物料平衡定律：Material balance principle水环境：watershed 水体：water body流域：watershed 水质：water quality水资源：water resources 供水：water supply废水：waste water 水处理：water treatment物理性水质指标：physical indicate of water quality 水污染物：water pollutant生物性水质指标：biological water-quality index 水质标准：water quality standard化学性水质指标：chemical water-quality indexDS：dissolved solids BOD：biochemical oxygen demand TDS：total dissolved solids COD：chemical oxygen demand TSS：total suspended solids DO：dissolved oxygenTOC：total organic carbon PH值：TN：总氮total nitrogen TP：总磷phosphorusZn：zinc Cu：CopperAs：arsenic Cd：CadmiumCr：chromium Ni：NickelHg：mercury Pb：plumbum物理处理：physical treatment 过滤：screening生物处理：biological treatment 沉淀：sedimentation化学处理：chemical treatment 气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemical treatment蒸发：evaporation 稀释：dilution扩散：dispersion 吹脱：stripping好氧处理：aerobic treatment 生物膜法：biofilm process bio-membrane process厌氧处理：anaerobic treatment 生物滤池：trickling filters活性污泥法：activated sludge process 生物接触氧化：biological contact SBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket活性污泥：activated sludge 改进型：modification一级处理：primary treatment二级处理：secondary treatment三级处理：tertiary treatment高级氧化处理：advanced treatment生活污水：domestic wastewater生产废水：industrial wastewater城市生活污水：municipal wastewater电镀废水：metalplating plants印染废水：pulp and paper industries wastewater浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness水质净化：water quality purifies混凝沉淀：coagulate flocculating agent活性炭吸附：activated carbon adsorption隔油池：oil separation tank中和池：neutralization tank调节池：adjusting tank生物反应池：biological reactor加药设备：physical equipment沉淀池：sedimentation tank初沉池：primary sedimentation tank二沉池：secondary sedimentation tank絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulate flocculant生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation大气环境：airshed 气体净化：atmospheric cleanup对流层：troposphere 摩擦层：frictional layer？平流层：stratosphere 中间层：mesosphere热层：thermosphere 臭氧层：ozonosphere粉尘：dust 气溶胶：aerosol烟雾：smoke 降尘：dust fall飘尘：floating dust 可吸入颗粒物：inhalable particles能见度：visibility 酸雨：acid rain一次污染物：primary pollutant二次污染物：secondary pollutant氮氧化物：nitrogen oxides 硫氧化物：sulfur oxides硫化氢：hydrogen sulfide 碳氧化物：carbon oxides硝酸：nitric acid 盐酸：hydrochloric acid硫酸：sulfuric acid 二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide除尘工艺：Dust removal吸收：absorption吸附：adsorptionGAC（颗粒活性炭）：granular a c tivated carbonPAC（粉末活性炭）：powdered a c tivated carbonACF（活性炭纤维）：a c tivated carbon fiber静电除尘：electric dust precipitation重力除尘：gravitational settling臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemical smoke喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging凝聚：flocculation植物吸收：植物吸附：土壤：soil 热污染：temperature change/thermal pollution 噪声：noise 放射性：radioactivity光辐射：optical radiation光合成：Photosynthesis易燃性：ignitability易爆性：ignitability反应性：reactivity传染性：infectivity腐蚀性：corrosivityEIA：environmental impact assessmentCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computer aided design大气污染控制工程：air pollution control水污染控制工程：water pollution control固体废物污染控制工程：solid waste management污染物：pollutant污染源：pollution source同化作用：assimilation 固体废物：solid wastes消纳作用：Digestive Function 危险废物：hazardous wastes城市生活垃圾：municipal wastes化学污泥chemical sludge：生物污泥：biological sludge工业固废：industrial wastes 分选处理：separation treatment矿业固废：mine solid wastes 破碎处理：processing农业固废：agriculture solid wastes 压实处理：reduction in volume污泥脱水：disposal of the sludge ？污泥浓缩：sludge thickening带式压滤：Belt filter press离心脱水：centrifugal dewatering筛分：screening堆肥和堆肥化：compost and composting沼气和沼气化：biogas热解与焚烧：pyrolysis and incineration生物转化作用：biotransformation热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical conversion固化和稳定化作用：solidification and stabilization资源化：resource减量化：pollution control无害化：harmlessness固体废物全过程控制：solid waste integrated control固体废物污染控制：solid waster pollution control固体废物处理：processing and recovery处置：disposal物质回收：materials recovery 物质转化：material conversion能量回收：energy recovery 能量转化：energy conversion1.Environmental engineering has been defined as the branch of engineering that is concernedwith protecting the environment from the potential, deleterious effects of human activity, protecting human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors, and improving environmental quality for human health and well-being.（2页）环境工程学是环境工程的分支学科，其研究内容包括①保护环境免受人类活动改造形成的潜在和不利影响②保护人类免受不利环境因素的影响③持续改善环境质量，以造福于人类健康与福祉。

环境工程专业复试英语口语

专业英语环境：environment 环境工程： environmental engineering环境保护：environmental protection 环境意识：environmental consciousness/awareness环境问题：environmental issue/problem 环境效应：environmental effect环境污染：environmental pollution 环境要素：environmental elements环境因子：environmental factors 环境化学：environmental chemistry环境生态学：environmental ecology 环境质量：environmental quality环境自净作用：environmental self-purification/self-cleansing生物圈：biosphere 生态学：ecology生态系统：ecosystem 生态平衡：ecological balance生态破坏：ecological damage生物群落：biological community猎食者：predator 食物链：food chain被猎食者：prey 营养级：trophic level物质循环：material cycle信息反馈：information feedback能量传递：energy transfer物质不灭定律：the law of conservation of mass能量守恒定律：the law of conservation of energy物料平衡定律：Material balance principle水环境：watershed 水体：water body流域：watershed 水质：water quality水资源：water resources 供水：water supply废水：waste water 水处理：water treatment物理性水质指标：physical indicate of water quality 水污染物：water pollutant生物性水质指标： biological water-quality index 水质标准：water quality standard化学性水质指标：chemical water-quality indexDS：dissolved solids BOD：biochemical oxygen demandTDS：total dissolved solids COD：chemical oxygen demandTSS：total suspended solids DO：dissolved oxygenTOC：total organic carbon PH值：TN：总氮 total nitrogen TP：总磷 phosphorusZn：zinc Cu：CopperAs：arsenic Cd：CadmiumCr：chromium Ni：NickelHg：mercury Pb：plumbum物理处理：physical treatment 过滤：screening生物处理：biological treatment 沉淀：sedimentation化学处理：chemical treatment 气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemical treatment蒸发：evaporation 稀释：dilution扩散：dispersion 吹脱：stripping好氧处理：aerobic treatment 生物膜法：biofilm process bio-membrane process厌氧处理：anaerobic treatment 生物滤池：trickling filters活性污泥法：activated sludge process 生物接触氧化：biological contactSBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯 Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket活性污泥：activated sludge 改进型：modification一级处理：primary treatment二级处理：secondary treatment三级处理：tertiary treatment高级氧化处理：advanced treatment生活污水：domestic wastewater生产废水：industrial wastewater城市生活污水：municipal wastewater电镀废水：metalplating plants印染废水：pulp and paper industries wastewater浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness水质净化：water quality purifies混凝沉淀：coagulate flocculating agent活性炭吸附：activated carbon adsorption隔油池：oil separation tank中和池：neutralization tank调节池：adjusting tank生物反应池：biological reactor加药设备：physical equipment沉淀池：sedimentation tank初沉池：primary sedimentation tank二沉池：secondary sedimentation tank絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulate flocculant生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation大气环境：airshed 气体净化：atmospheric cleanup对流层：troposphere 摩擦层：frictional layer？平流层：stratosphere 中间层：mesosphere热层：thermosphere 臭氧层：ozonosphere粉尘：dust 气溶胶：aerosol烟雾：smoke 降尘：dust fall飘尘：floating dust 可吸入颗粒物：inhalable particles能见度：visibility 酸雨：acid rain一次污染物： primary pollutant二次污染物：secondary pollutant氮氧化物：nitrogen oxides 硫氧化物：sulfur oxides硫化氢：hydrogen sulfide 碳氧化物：carbon oxides硝酸：nitric acid 盐酸：hydrochloric acid硫酸：sulfuric acid 二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide除尘工艺：Dust removal吸收：absorption吸附：adsorptionGAC（颗粒活性炭）：granular a c tivated carbonPAC（粉末活性炭）：powdered a c tivated carbonACF（活性炭纤维）：a c tivated carbon fiber静电除尘：electric dust precipitation重力除尘：gravitational settling臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemical smoke喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging凝聚：flocculation植物吸收：植物吸附：土壤：soil 热污染：temperature change/thermal pollution噪声：noise 放射性：radioactivity光辐射：optical radiation光合成：Photosynthesis易燃性：ignitability易爆性：ignitability反应性：reactivity传染性：infectivity腐蚀性：corrosivityEIA：environmental impact assessmentCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computer aided design大气污染控制工程：air pollution control水污染控制工程：water pollution control固体废物污染控制工程：solid waste management污染物：pollutant污染源：pollution source同化作用：assimilation 固体废物：solid wastes消纳作用：Digestive Function 危险废物：hazardous wastes城市生活垃圾：municipal wastes化学污泥chemical sludge：生物污泥：biological sludge工业固废：industrial wastes 分选处理：separation treatment矿业固废：mine solid wastes 破碎处理：processing农业固废：agriculture solid wastes 压实处理：reduction in volume污泥脱水：disposal of the sludge ？污泥浓缩：sludge thickening带式压滤：Belt filter press离心脱水：centrifugal dewatering筛分：screening堆肥和堆肥化：compost and composting沼气和沼气化：biogas热解与焚烧：pyrolysis and incineration生物转化作用：biotransformation热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical conversion固化和稳定化作用：solidification and stabilization资源化：resource减量化：pollution control无害化：harmlessness固体废物全过程控制：solid waste integrated control固体废物污染控制：solid waster pollution control固体废物处理：processing and recovery处置：disposal物质回收：materials recovery 物质转化：material conversion能量回收：energy recovery 能量转化：energy conversion1.Environmental engineering has been defined as the branch of engineering that is concerned withprotecting the environment from the potential, deleterious effects of human activity, protecting human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors, and improving environmental quality for human health and well-being.（2页）环境工程学是环境工程的分支学科，其研究内容包括①保护环境免受人类活动改造形成的潜在和不利影响②保护人类免受不利环境因素的影响③持续改善环境质量，以造福于人类健康与福祉。

环境工程专业英语试题

环境工程专业英语试题一、英汉互译1. oxidizing agent——氧化剂2. activated sludge——活性污泥3. water purification——水净化4. protozoa——原生动物5. nitrogen dioxide——二氧化氮6. phosphate——磷酸盐7. the dew point——露点8. food additives——食品添加剂9. chemical plant——化工厂air pollutant——一次大气污染物analysis——定性分析problem——环境问题combustion——不完全燃烧oxidants——光化学氧化剂solid——悬浮固体16.气布比——air to cloth ratio17.一氧化碳——carbon monoxide 18.酵母——yeast19.紫外线——ultraviolet light 20.反向渗透——reverse osmosis21.水资源——water resource 22.有机物质——organic matter23.地表水——surface water 24.引风机——draft fan25.生物鉴定——bioassay 26.副产品——by-products27.环境容量——environmental capacity 28.供水，给水——water supply29.吸附——adsorption 30.环境污染——environmental pollution二、英译汉1.Protection of public health, the original purpose of pollution control, continues to be theprimary objective in many areas. However, preservation of water resources, protection offishing areas, and maintenance of recreational waters are additional concerns today.污染控制的最初目的是保护公众的健康，在许多地方这仍然是主要目的。

环境工程专业英语考试(完整版)

LESSON2:生态学The science of ecology defines(定义)”ecosystems”as groups of organisms which interact with each other and the physical environment,and which affect the population of the various species in the environment.┃Some ecosystems are fragile(脆弱的),while others ate resilient(能恢复的)and able to withstand(承受)even serious perturbations(混乱).One characteristic of aresilient ecosystemis that more than one species fills a“niche(食物链中一环)”within that system.┃Engineers must appreciate(评价)the fundamental(基本的)principles of ecology,and design with the environment,so as not to impact adversely on especially fragile ecosystems.The inclusion(包含加速)of ecological principles in engineering decisions is a major component of the environmental engineering profession.
环境与生态:LESSON1:环境与环境工程To the environmental engineer,the wordenvironmentmay take on global dimensions(维面积尺度),may refer to a very localized(局部化地方化)area in which a specific problemmust be addressed(致辞谈到),or may,in the case of contained environments,refer to a small volume of liquid,gaseous(气的),or solid materials within a treatment-plant(处理厂)reactor(反应器).┃The global environmentconsists of the atmosphere(大气圈),the hydrosphere(水圈),the lithosphere(岩石圈)in which the life-sustaining(供养)resources of the earth arecontained.┃The biosphere(生物圈),a thin shell that encapsulates(密封加浓)the earth,is made up of the atmosphere andlithosphereadjacent(接近的临近的)to the surface of the earth,together with the hydrosphere and the life forms of earth.┃Life-sustainingmaterials in gaseous,liquid,and solid forms are cycled though thebiosphere,providing sustenance to all living organisms(生物).Life-sustaining resources(air,food,water)are withdrawn from the biosphere.It is also into the biosphere that waste products in gaseous,liquid and solid forms are discharged(排放).┃Environment engineeringhas been defined as the branch of engineering thatis concerned with(关心)protecting the environment from the potential(潜在的),deleterious(有害的)effects of human activity,protecting human populations from the effect of adverse environmental factors,and improving environmental quality for human health and well-being(幸福福利).┃Humans interactwith their environment(sometimes adversely impacting the environment and sometimes being adversely impacted by pollutants in the environment.An understanding of the nature of the environment and of human interaction with it is a necessaryprerequisite(前提)to understanding the workfortheenvironmental engineering.

(完整版)环境工程专业英语

环境工程专业英语pollution污染acid rain 酸雨environmental problem 环境问题environmental disturbance环境损坏biotic habitat 生物环境sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases 有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases 水传染的疾病 agrarian society农业社会 industrial society工业社会 industrial revolution家产革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country 发达国家developing country 发展中国家 undeveloped country 落伍国家 primary air pollutant一次大气污染物 secondary air pollutant 二次大气污染物monoxide 一氧化物 dioxide 二氧化物 trioxide 三氧化物 carbon monoxide一氧化碳 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫 nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮 nitric oxide 一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮carbon oxides 碳氮化物sulfur oxides 硫氧化物nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物 photochemical oxidants 光化学氧化物 particulates 颗粒物inorganic compound 无机化合物 organic compound 有机化合物 radioactive substance放射性物质heat 热noise噪声 contaminant污染物strength 强度foreign matter杂质domestic sewage生活污水municipalwastewater城市废水microbe微生物microorganism微生物bacteria细菌total solids总固体inorganic constituents无机因素suspended solids(SS)固体悬浮物volatile s uspended solids(VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter 有机物质total organic carbon, TOC 总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD 化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand,BOD 生化需氧量biodegradable 可微生物分解的 contamination 污染recontamination 再污染groundwater地下水surface water 地表水 restriction 限制colloid 胶体 screening隔栅coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝sedimentation 积淀filtration过滤disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒prechlorination预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒aeration 曝气softening 融化activated carbon 活性炭 adsorption吸附reverse osmosis 反浸透desalination脱盐处理microbial degradation微生物降解biological degradation生化降解biofilm process 生物膜法activated sludge process活性污泥法attached -growth 吸着生长 suspended-growth 悬浮生长 shock loading 冲击负荷organic loading 有机负荷 mixed liquor suspended solids 混淆液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预办理工艺primary clarifier 初沉池 equalization basin 均质池 biological treatment process生物处理工艺 aeration basin 曝气池secondary clarifier二沉池 biomass生物质 heterotrophic bacteria异养菌autotrophic bacteria自养菌hydraulic retention time(HRT) 水力逗留时间sludge residence time (SRT) 污泥逗留时间solid waste 固体废物municipal 城市化industrial工业的agricultural 农业的hazardous 危险的residential住所的commercial 商业的 putrescible 易腐化的combustible易燃的flammable可燃的 explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的Landfilling土地填埋incineration:焚烧composting:堆肥compaction:压实，紧凑sanitary landfill 卫生填埋balance 剩下的，余额，结余batch-fed 分批投料refuse 垃圾municipal waste 城市垃圾perform:执行shut down:关闭energy recovery 能量回收 incomplete combustion不完整焚烧combustion燃烧volume reduction体积减小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation 生化降解equalization basin 调理池aeration basin 曝气池sludge blocs 污泥絮体settling tank积淀池dissolved oxygen溶解氧 suspended-growth悬浮生长pulverized refuse垃圾破裂biofilm 生物膜well -compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source 营养源mass-burning 大批焚烧 fluidized fed incarceration 硫化床焚烧法soil conditioners 土壤改进剂温室效应 greenhouse effect由 CO2惹起的 caust by CO2世界碳估算 the world carbon budget天气自然颠簸 natural fluctuations全世界变暖 global warming 厌氧的 anaerobic腐化 Putrefied甲烷 methane 臭氧层 ozone layer天气模型 climatic model 正常浓度： normal concentration严重污染物： heavily polluted决定因素： determining factor光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants液体微滴：liquid particulates含硫的： sulfur -containing放射性物质： radioactiue substance 汽车尾气： automobile exhaust wet oxidation湿式氧化1、 Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear, touch,smell, and taste.环境是我们四周的物理和生物环境，我们能够看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品味到的。

研究生复试常见英文问题及回答(英汉对照)

研究生复试常见英文提问及回答（英汉对照）1、What social responsibilities should a post-graduate take?作为一名研究生，需要承担什么社会责任呢?I think a post-graduate should shoulder more responsibilities than other citizens, such as forming a good scholar image for our society and working out useful research results.我认为研究生应该比其他公民承担更多的责任，比如为我们的社会树立良好的学者形象，并得出有用的研究成果。

2、What does friendship mean to you and what kind of people do you make friend with?友谊对你意味着什么,你会和什么样的人做朋友?Friendship means a lot to me, it’s not only a part of my life but is an important part.友谊对我来说意义重大,它不仅是我生活的一部分,也是其重要的组成部分。

Friends will always encourage me when I feel upset and give me useful tips.朋友总是鼓励我,当我不开心的时候,给我有用的提示。

I usually make friends with people who have the similar hobbies or characteristics with m我通常人交朋友有类似的爱好或特征和我在一起。

3、What is your major?你的专业是什么?My major is chinese language and literature.我的专业是中国语言及文学。

(完整版)环境工程专业英语

环境工程专业英语pollution污染acid rain酸雨environmental problem 环境问题environmental disturbance环境破坏biotic habitat 生物环境sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases水传染的疾病agrarian society农业社会industrial society工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country发达国家developing country发展中国家undeveloped country落后国家primary air pollutant一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant二次大气污染物monoxide一氧化物dioxide二氧化物trioxide三氧化物carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳sulfur dioxide二氧化硫sulfur trioxide三氧化硫nitrous oxide一氧化二氮nitric oxide一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮carbon oxides碳氮化物sulfur oxides硫氧化物nitrogen oxides氮氧化物hydrocarbons碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants光化学氧化物particulates颗粒物inorganic compound无机化合物organic compound有机化合物radioactive substance放射性物质heat热noise噪声contaminant污染物strength强度foreign matter杂质domestic sewage生活污水municipalwastewater城市废水microbe微生物microorganism微生物bacteria细菌total solids总固体inorganic constituents无机要素suspended solids (SS)固体悬浮物volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter有机物质total organic carbon, TOC 总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand, BOD生化需氧量biodegradable可微生物分解的contamination污染recontamination再污染groundwater地下水surface water地表水restriction限制colloid胶体screening隔栅coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝sedimentation沉淀filtration过滤disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒prechlorination预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒aeration曝气softening软化activated carbon活性炭adsorption吸附reverse osmosis反渗透desalination脱盐处理microbial degradation微生物降解biological degradation生化降解biofilm process生物膜法activated sludge process活性污泥法attached-growth吸着生长suspended-growth悬浮生长shock loading冲击负荷organic loading有机负荷mixed liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预处理工艺primary clarifier初沉池equalization basin均质池biological treatment process生物处理工艺aeration basin曝气池secondary clarifier二沉池biomass生物质heterotrophic bacteria异养菌autotrophic bacteria自养菌hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留时间sludge residence time (SRT) 污泥停留时间solid waste固体废物municipal城市化industrial工业的agricultural农业的hazardous危险的residential住宅的commercial商业的putrescible易腐烂的combustible易燃的flammable可燃的explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的Landfilling土地填埋incineration: 焚烧composting: 堆肥compaction: 压实，紧凑sanitary landfill卫生填埋balance剩下的，余额，结余batch-fed 分批投料refuse垃圾municipal waste城市垃圾perform: 执行shut down: 关闭energy recovery能量回收incomplete combustion不完全燃烧combustion燃烧volume reduction体积缩小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation生化降解equalization basin调节池aeration basin曝气池sludge blocs 污泥絮体settling tank沉淀池dissolved oxygen溶解氧suspended-growth悬浮生长pulverized refuse垃圾破碎biofilm生物膜well-compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source 营养源mass-burning大量燃烧fluidized fed incarceration硫化床燃烧法soil conditioners土壤改良剂温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget 天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic 腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model 正常浓度：normal concentration 严重污染物：heavily polluted 决定因素：determining factor 光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants 液体微滴：liquid particulates 含硫的：sulfur-containing 放射性物质：radioactiue substance 汽车尾气：automobile exhaust wet oxidation湿式氧化1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste. 环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。

环境工程专业英语考题

环境工程专业英语考题第一篇：环境工程专业英语考题life expectancy：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air：烟雾弥漫的天空global conditions ：全球状况 haves and have-nots：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna：热带大草原，稀树草原predator：食肉动物，捕食者 environmental disruptions：环境破坏，环境失调primary pollutant一次大气污染物secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物Air nitrous oxide一氧化二氮(N2O)nitric oxide一氧化氮NOnitrogen dioxide二氧化氮(NO2)soot煤烟dust 灰尘smog烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂pesticide杀虫剂/ 农药VOC 挥发性有机化合物APC 大气污染控制 Regulatory program调整项目Financial support 财政支持 Operating cost操作成本 Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力Environmental media 环境介质 Biological生物学的 Technologies技术、工艺 Inorganic air pollutants无机大气污染物treatment facilities处理设备per capita per day每人每天municipality市政当局,自治市population equivalent人口当量basement flooding地下室浸水runoff排水 domestic sewage生活污水type of terrain地形种类land disposal掩埋处置fecal coliform粪大肠菌群stringent effluent requirement严格的废水排assimilation capacity同化能力practical outlets可行的排出途径，现实出aquatic life水生生物detrimental to humanhealth 对人体健康有endogenous phase内源〔生长〕期flowmonitoring流量监测equipment age and reliability装备老化及其可靠性mechanistic facilities机械设备microbial activity微生物活性activated sludge活性污泥controlling respiration控制呼吸 oxidation ditches氧化沟 on-line automation在线自动〔监测〕Precision and accuracy精密度和准确度Bulk collection 大量收集Matrix material 原材料Analysis sequence 分析序列Multivariate statistics 多元统计Interactive effect 相互影响农药—pesticide化肥—chemical fertilizer有机废物—organic wastes 微生物—microorganism / microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生--regeneration出口outlet多管高效旋风分离器multitube high-efficiency cyclone 合成纤维 syntheticfabric 捕集效率collection efficiency 机械洗涤mechanical scrubbing 压力降pressuredrop 焚化炉incinerator 气体离子gas ion 捕集板collection surface 碳黑carbonblack 尾气off-gas 可应用性applicability工业规模full-scale 土壤床soil bed 生物过滤biofilter 固定资本fixed capital易生物降解的easily biodegraded手动控制operatorcontrol/ manual control 最优化minimize the effects 微处理器microprocessor 统计分析statistical analysis 质量衡算mass balance 动力学dynamics 氧化还原oxidation andreduction /redox 停留时间residence time 模拟simulation 参数parameter 水解hydrolysis 积分integral第二篇：2014环境工程专业英语大作业广西大学课程考试试卷专业英语大作业一、翻译1.The breadth and complexity of the environmental problems we face and the scientific, economic and social impediments to their solution emphasize how important it is that environmental scientists and engineers gain an appreciation for the processes and functioning of all environmental compartments — air, soil, water, and energy — and intentionally account for the long-term consequences and sustainability of the actions they propose, whether they be preventative or remedial.我们所面临的环境问题的广度和复杂程度以及对解决这个问题的科学的、经济的、社会的阻碍，都集中到了这样一个重要性：环境科学家与工程师们获得一个对多有环境因素诸如空气、石油、水、能量的流程和功能的判断，有意阐明所提议的行为的长期结果和可持续发展性，是否他们（环境问题）可以预防和补救。

环境工程复试英语自我介绍

环境工程复试英语自我介绍Good morning/afternoon, esteemed professors. It is with great honor and excitement that I stand before you today to present myself as a potential candidate for the Environmental Engineering Master's program at your prestigious institution.My academic journey has been marked by a deep-seated passion for environmental stewardship and a strong foundation in the scientific principles underlying environmental engineering. During my undergraduate studies in Environmental Science and Engineering, I immersed myself in a comprehensive curriculum that covered topics ranging from water and wastewater treatment to air pollutioncontrol and solid waste management.Throughout my coursework, I consistently ranked among the top of my class, demonstrating a keen grasp of complex environmental concepts. My research project, which focused on the development of innovative technologies for removingmicroplastics from aquatic environments, earned me recognition at the national level. I am particularly proud of this accomplishment, as it allowed me to apply my knowledge and skills to address a pressing environmental challenge.Beyond my academic pursuits, I have actively engaged in extracurricular activities that have further solidified my commitment to environmental protection. I served as President of the Environmental Engineering Club, where I organized various awareness campaigns and community outreach programs. I also volunteered at a local environmental non-profit organization, where I gained hands-on experience in environmental monitoring and data analysis.My passion for environmental engineering extends beyond the classroom and into my personal life. I am an avid advocate for sustainable practices and strive to live an eco-friendly lifestyle. I have made significant changes in my daily routine, such as reducing my carbon footprint by adopting public transportation and recycling diligently. Iam also passionate about educating others about environmental issues and inspiring them to become agents of change.I am particularly drawn to the Environmental Engineering program at your university because of its renowned faculty, cutting-edge research facilities, and strong industry connections. The program's focus on sustainability, environmental modeling, and water resource management aligns perfectly with my research interests and career aspirations.I am a highly motivated and results-oriented individual with a strong work ethic and an unwavering determination to succeed. I am confident in my ability to excel in the rigorous academic environment of your program andcontribute to the advancement of environmental engineering knowledge through meaningful research.I am eager to learn from the expertise of your esteemed professors and collaborate with fellow students who share my passion for environmental protection. I believe that myacademic background, research experience, and extracurricular involvement have equipped me with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in your program and make a significant contribution to the field of environmental engineering.Thank you for your time and consideration. I eagerly await the opportunity to further discuss my qualifications and demonstrate my unwavering commitment to environmental stewardship.。

环境工程面试英语自我介绍

环境工程面试英语自我介绍英文回答：I am a highly motivated and results-oriented environmental engineer with a strong academic background and a passion for sustainable development. Throughout my academic and professional journey, I have consistently demonstrated a deep understanding of environmental principles and a commitment to finding innovative solutions to complex environmental challenges.My interest in environmental engineering was sparked during my undergraduate studies, where I was fascinated by the interplay between human activities and the natural world. I pursued a Master's degree to further expand my knowledge and specialize in water resources management. During my graduate research, I delved into the development and application of advanced water treatment technologiesfor industrial wastewater.Upon completing my studies, I joined a leading environmental consulting firm, where I have been responsible for a wide range of projects related to water quality assessment, pollution control, and environmental impact assessment. My technical expertise and analytical skills have enabled me to provide valuable insights and recommendations to clients across various industries, including manufacturing, mining, and agriculture.In my current role, I am particularly passionate about promoting sustainable water management practices that balance economic development with environmental protection.I have led several projects focused on developing innovative approaches to water conservation, reuse, and stormwater management. I am also actively involved in research and development initiatives aimed at advancing the field of environmental engineering.My commitment to environmental stewardship extends beyond my professional work. I am an active member of several professional organizations and regularly volunteer my time to raise awareness about environmental issues andpromote sustainable practices in my community. I am also passionate about mentoring young professionals and encouraging their pursuit of careers in environmental engineering.I am confident that my technical expertise, problem-solving abilities, and commitment to sustainability make me an ideal candidate for this environmental engineering position. I am eager to contribute my skills and experience to your organization and work alongside a team of dedicated professionals to make a meaningful impact on the environment.中文回答：我是一位具有高度上进心和结果导向的环保工程师，拥有扎实的学术背景和可持续发展热情。

环境工程复试英语自我介绍

环境工程复试英语自我介绍英文版:Good morning, professors. I am honored to have this opportunity to introduce myself. My name is Zhang Wei, and I am applying for the master's program in Environmental Engineering at your esteemed university.I have always been passionate about protecting the environment and finding sustainable solutions to the challenges we face. This led me to pursue a bachelor's degree in Environmental Science, where I gained a solid foundation in the principles of environmental protection and pollution control.During my undergraduate studies, I participated in several research projects that focused on water treatment and air pollution monitoring. These experiences not only enhanced my practical skills but also deepened my understanding of the importance of environmental engineering in creating a sustainable future.Moreover, I actively engaged in extracurricular activities, such as volunteering for environmental awareness campaigns and organizing eco-friendly events on campus. These experiences have honed my leadership, communication, and teamwork skills, which I believe are essential qualities for a successful environmental engineer.I am particularly interested in your program because of its strong emphasis on innovative research and its distinguished faculty members. I am eager to contribute to the cutting-edge research projects and collaborate with the brilliant minds in your department.Thank you for considering my application. I am confident that my academic background, practical experience, and passion for environmental protection make me a strong candidate for your program. I look forward to the opportunity to further discuss my qualifications and potential contributions to your department.中文翻译:尊敬的各位教授,早上好。

环境工程-考研英语复试专业问题

1. Environmental ProblemsThe environment is our physical surroundings. This includes both human (man-made), social and physical (natural) features. Natural features include soil, the atmosphere, vegetation and wildlife. Human features include housing, transport and industry. Social features include things such as culture, language and political systems.Geographers are concerned about human action in the environment. Human interference with the environment causes problems such as soil erosion, global warming and acid.You may ask how we as individuals can have an impact on the environment. Our actions can help to increase and decrease the problems highlighted above. For example turning off lights that are not being used helps to reduce global warming.Questions：1．What is the environment?2．How can we help to decrease the global warming problems?Global WarmingGlobal warming is the worldwide warming of the atmosphere.To understand global warming you first need to know about the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that controls the balance of heat within the earth's atmosphere. It is the process whereby the natural layer of gases in our atmosphere trap a small percentage of the sun's radiation reflected from the earth's surface. Without the greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature would be about -18 degrees Celsius.Global warming is caused by the increases in the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases being released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels. These gases add to the natural greenhouse effect. Causing global temperatures to rise.Questions：1.What is global warming?2.What causes global warming?Atmospheric particulate matterIn recent years,our country appear much haze weather,which is now often referred to PM2.5.Specifically,PM2.5 is in the atmosphere of diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micron particles,which is also known as enters the lung particle matter.Its diameter is less than the thickness of a human hair 1/20.Atmospheric particulate matter- also known as particulates or particulate matter(PM) - are tiny pieces of solid or liquid matter associated with the Earth's atmosphere. They are suspended in the atmosphere as atmospheric aerosol, a term which refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone. However, it is common to use the term aerosol to refer to the particulate component alone.processes also generate significant amounts of particulates. Coal combustion in developing countries is the primary method for heating homes and supplying energy.Particulate matter emissions are highly regulated in most industrialized countries. Due to environmental concerns, most industries are required to operate some kind of dust collection system to control particulate emissions. These systems include inertial collectors (cyclone collectors), fabric filter collectors (baghouses), wet scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators.Questions:1、1.What is Atmospheric particulate matter?2.What causes global warming?The acidity of acid rainAcidity in rain is measured by collecting samples of rain and measuring its pH. To find the distribution of rain acidity, weather conditions are monitored and rain samples are collected at sites all over the country. The areas of greatest acidity (lowest pH values) are located in the Northeastern United States. This pattern of high acidity is caused by the large number of cities, the dense population, and the concentration of power and industrial plants in the Northeast. In addition, the prevailing wind direction brings storms and pollution to the Northeast from the Midwest, and dust from the soil and rocks in the Northeastern United States is less likely to neutralize acidity in the rain.Questions：1.How do we measure the acidity of rain?2.How do the density of power plants affect acidic rain?4. The Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse effect is the effect produced by the accumulation of carbon dioxide crystals and water vapor in the upper atmosphere, which insulates the earth and raises the atmospheric temperature by preventing heat loss. Chlorofluorocarbons also help create the greenhouse effect.A number of gases in the atmosphere are transparent to incoming sunlight but absorb the heat emitted from the Earth's surface and reradiate it in all directions, including back toward the surface. As a result, the surface is warmed more than it would have been in the absence of these gases, which serve a purpose similar to that of the glass walls of a greenhouse.Global warming refers to the enhancement of the natural greenhouse effect due to rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases resulting from human activities.Questions：1. What is the greenhouse effect?2.How to reduce atmospheric particulate pollution？3. WATER POLLUTIONComprising over 70% of the Earth’s surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. Without the seemingly invaluable compound comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on Earth would be non-existent: it is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper. Although we as humans recognize this fact, we disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Subsequently, we are slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms are dying at a very alarming rate. In addition to innocent organisms dying off, our drinking water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water for recreational purposes. In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of the solution.Questions：1.Why is it important for us to understand the water pollution problems?2.How important is water for our human being?What is acid rain?The term "acid rain" is commonly used to mean the deposition of acidic components in rain, snow, fog, dew, or dry particles. The more accurate term is "acid precipitation." Distilled water, which contains no carbon dioxide, has a neutral pH of 7. Liquids with a pH less than 7 are acid, and those with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline (or basic). "Clean" or unpolluted rain has a slightly acidic pH of 5.6, because carbon dioxide and water in the air react together to form carbonic acid, a weak acid. Around Washington, D.C., however, the average rain pH is between 4.2 and 4.4.The extra acidity in rain comes from the reaction of air pollutants, primarily sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, with water in the air to form strong acids (like sulfuric and nitric acid). The main sources of these pollutants are vehicles and industrial and power-generating plants. In Washington, the main local sources are cars, trucks, and buses.Questions:What is the pH of the clean rain?Why is the pH of clean rain less than 7?The acidity of acid rain（2）Acidity in rain is measured by collecting samples of rain and measuring its pH. To find the distribution of rain acidity, weather conditions are monitored and rain samples are collected at sites all over the country. The areas of greatest acidity (lowest pH values) are located in the Northeastern United States. This pattern of high acidity is caused by the large number of cities, the dense population, and the concentration of power and industrial plants in the Northeast. In addition, the prevailing wind direction brings storms and pollution to the Northeast from the Midwest, and dust from the soil and rocks in the Northeastern United States is less likely to neutralize acidity in the rain.Questions：How do we measure the acidity of rain?How do the density of power plants affect acidic rain?1.Which kind of professor do you like best?2.What impressed you most when you were atuniversity?3.Do you think the subjects you are studying today arerelevant to present-day society?Why?4.Does your family support your decision on studying?What help do they offer?5.Where have you been traveling to?Which placeinterested you most?6.What do you think about the relationship between education andemployment after graduation from the University。

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