英语II(2)0607
全新版大学英语综合教程2第二版学生用书第六单元单词
全新版大学英语综合教程2第二版学生用书第六单元单词miniature a. very small 极小的，微型的herd n. a group of animals of one kind that live and feed together 兽群，牧群a herd of 一群pony n. 小型马，矮种马doll n. 玩偶，洋娃娃hard-pressed a. experiencing severe or continuous difficulties 处于困境的，遭受强大压力的playroom n. 儿童游戏室tomboy n. 假小子，顽皮女孩ironic a. (of a situation) odd or amusing because it is very different from what is expected 颇有讽刺意味的，令人啼笑皆非的mechanical a. having to do with, or worked by, machinery ; machine like 机械（方面）的，机械般的；呆板的convert v. change (from one form, use, etc. to another) （使）转变，（使）转化guzzle v. 猛吃，狂欢gas-guzzling a. 大量耗费汽油的，用油特多的SUV=(AmE) Sports Utility Vehicle 运动型多用途汽车Hybrid a. 混合的，杂种的n. 混合型机器，杂交动植物multivariable a. 多变量的，多元的calculus n. 微积分differential equation n. 微分方程not know/understand the first thing about not know anything about or how to do (sth.)对…一窍不通distinguish v. see, hear or notice as being separate or distinct, recognize clearly 辨认出；分辨transmission n. （机器或汽车上的）传动装置，变速器；传输alternator n. 交流发电机mechanic a. person whose job is to repair and maintain machines 机修工；技工opener n. 开启工具；开瓶器，开罐器not know any better(used to say that someone does sth., bad or stupid because they have not been told that it is wrong)因无知而做错事情或干傻事crave v. feel a powerful desire for 渴望得到decent a. good enough; socially acceptable 像样的，相当好的；得体的can't help doing be unable to prevent oneself from doing 忍不住要做某事shudder v. shake uncontrollably; tremble with fear or disgust 战栗，（因恐惧或厌恶而）发抖at a disadvantage in a situation where one is less likely to succeed because of a problem 处于不利地位when it comes to when the subject being discussed is (a particular thing) 一谈到，就…而言imply v. express indirectly, suggest 暗示，含有……的意思abnormal a. different, often in an undesirable way, from what is normal, or expected 不正常的，变态的stumble v. hit your foot against sth. when walking; walk unsteadily 绊了一下，跌跌撞撞而行stumble into enter by accident 偶然步入grit v. 咬紧grit one's teeth press one's teeth together tightly in anger or determination 咬紧牙关；下定决心algebra n. 代数indication n. a sign that shows sth. exists, is true, or will happen 迹象，表示retake v. take again 重（考），补（考）panic n. sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety 惊慌，恐慌v. 惊慌失措buzz v.,n. (make)a continuous sound like bees （作）嗡嗡声fluorescent a. 发荧光的fluorescent light 荧光灯，日光灯estrogen n. 雌激素thermodynamics n. 热力学femininity n. qualities that are considered typical of women 女性气质faulty a. mistaken or misleading because of flaws; defective 有缺陷的premise n. a previous statement from which another follows as a conclusion 前提cultural a. relating to the culture of a particular society, group or country 文化（上）的infant n. a very young child 婴儿；幼儿videogame n. 电子游戏incredibly adv. extremely, unusually 极其，非同一般地incredible a. surprising or hard to believe 令人惊讶的，难以置信的flexible a. able to change or be changed to suit new needs or conditions; able to bend or be bent easily 灵活的；有弹性的leap n.,v. (a sudden) jump 跳；跃a leap of faith sth. you do even though it involves a risk, hoping that it will have a good result 冒险一试selective a. tending to choose carefully 仔细挑选的，有选择的。
新视野大学英语第二册第六七单元单词与词组
第六单元SectionAelegant a. beautiful, attractive, or graceful 优雅的；文雅的elegant manners 文雅的举止an elegant person 举止优雅的人application n. 1. [C, U] a formal request for sth. or for permission to do sth. 申请Free information will be sent out on application to the office.公司收到申请将免费提供信息。
I've sent off applications for four different jobs.我对四份不同的工作寄出了求职信。
2. [C, U] the use of a particular method, law, process, etc. 应用；使用；运用The theory has no application in this case. 这理论不适用于这个情况。
The design has many applications.这项设计有很多用途。
impulsively ad. without thinking about the possible results of what one is doing 冲动地These children tend to behave impulsively. 这些孩子的行为往往很冲动。
His early training was in the sciences and he never acts impulsively in his work.他早期受过理科方面的训练，因此在工作中他从不冲动。
substitute vt. use sth. new or different instead of sth. else 代替；替换We must substitute a new chair for the broken one.我们得用新椅子代替这把破椅子。
新概念第二册6、7课课件
My friend /sit in the park
Jimmy / climb the mountains
Mr. Brown / stay in the library
You are listening to me carefully while I am talking.
My mother / do shopping in the supermarket
beggar
knock food
New words
return
call
Percy Button
I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.
大学英语综合教程2第七单元课文Print still Kin
大学英语综合教程2第七单元课文Print still KinPart I Pre-Reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. What is the passage about?2. What's your impression of the English language?3. Can you give one or two examples to illustrate(说明)the messiness of the English language?4. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are going to be about?The following words in the recording may be new to you: eggplantn. 茄⼦pineapplen. 菠萝hamburgern. 汉堡⼦⼦饼，汉堡包Part IITextSome languages resist the introduction of new words. Others, like English, seem to welcome them. Robert MacNeil looks at thehistory of English and comes to the conclusion that its tolerance for change represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom.THE GLORIOUS MESSINESS OF ENGLISHRobert MacNeilThe story of our English language is typically one of massive stealing from other languages. That is why English today has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words, while other major languages have far fewer.French, for example, has only about 75,000 words, and that includes English expressions like snack bar and hit parade. The French, however, do not like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language. The government tries to ban words from English and declares that walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead — but they don't.Walkman is fascinating because it isn't even English. Strictly speaking, it was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product. That doesn't bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English. That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anywhere, explains the richness of English and why it has become, to avery real extent, the first truly globallanguage.How did the language of a small island off the coast of Europe become the language of the planet — more widely spoken and written than any other has ever been? The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about identity (I, me, you); possession (mine, yours); the body (eye, nose, mouth); size (tall, short); and necessities (food, water). These words all come from Old English or Anglo-Saxon English, the core of our language. Usually short and direct, these are words we still use today for the things that really matter to us.Great speakers often use Old English to arouse our emotions. For example, during World War II, Winston Churchill made this speech, stirring the courage of his people against Hitler's armies positioned to cross the English Channel: "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender."Virtually every one of those words came from Old English, except the last — surrender, which came from Norman French. Churchill could have said, "We shall never give in," but it is one of the lovely — and powerful — opportunities of English that a writer can mix, for effect, different words fromdifferent backgrounds. Yet there is something direct to the heart that speaks to us from the earliest words in our language.When Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 B.C., English did not exist. The Celts, who inhabited the land, spoke languages that survive today mainly as Welsh. Where those languages came from is still a mystery, but there is a theory.Two centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a commonparent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe, Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesar's armies found in Britain.New words came with the Germanic tribes — the Angles, the Saxons, etc. — that slipped across the North Sea to settle inBritain in the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society.The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter.The next big influence on English was Christianity. It enriched the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary with some 400 to 500 words from Greek and Latin, including angel, disciple and martyr.Then into this relatively peaceful land came the Vikings from Scandinavia. They also brought to English many words that begin with sk, like sky and skirt. But Old Norse and English both survived, and so you can rear a child (English) or raise a child (Norse). Other such pairs survive: wish and want, craft and skill, hide and skin. Each such addition gave English more richness, more variety.Another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 1066, when the Normans conquered England. Thecountry now had three languages: French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people. With three languages competing, there were sometimes different terms for the same thing. For example, Anglo-Saxons had the word kingly, but after the Normans, royal and sovereign entered thelanguage as alternatives. The extraordinary thing was that French did not replace English. Over three centuries English gradually swallowed French, and by the end of the 15th century what had developed was a modified, greatly enriched language — Middle English —with about 10,000 "borrowed" French words.Around 1476 William Caxton set up a printing press in England and started a communications revolution. Printing brought into English the wealth of new thinking that sprang from the European Renaissance. Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page, and with them thousands of Latin words like capsule and habitual, and Greek words like catastrophe and thermometer. Today we still borrow from Latin and Greek to name new inventions, like video, television and cyberspace.As settlers landed in North America and established the United States, English found itself with two sources —American and British. Scholars in Britain worried that the language was out of control, and some wanted to set up an academy to decide which words were proper and which were not. Fortunately their idea has never been put into practice.That tolerance for change also represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom. Danish scholar Otto Jespersen wrote in 1905,"The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself."I like that idea. Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern world. The first shoots sprang up in England, and they grew stronger in America. The English-speaking peoples have defeated all efforts to build fences around their language.Indeed, the English language is not the special preserve of grammarians, language police, teachers, writers or the intellectual elite. English is, and always has been, the tongue of the common man.。
新概念英语第2册课件Lesson07(共26页)
More Exercises 注意介词的用法
e.g. to one’s surprise be full of = be filled with carry…into, take…off
Check the answers on Page 39
1.B 2. c 3. c 4. d 5. a 6.c 7. d 8. a 9. c 10. b 11. a 12. b
I was walking home when it suddenly rained.
We /do my homework
Lucy / visit my teacher/my friend
My friend /sit in theountains
At 11:15 while she was watching happily, the thief was steeling her bike.
At 11:10 she was sitting near the bank to watch others swimming.
She found his bike was stolen at 11:20 so she was calling to the police station at that time.
My uncle/swimming in the sea
My grandpa / fish near the beach
Judy /play tennis
Jack/play tennis
I/ stay at home and watch TV
They/ have a party
mother /clean my room
Lesson 7 Too late
新概念英语第二册 L67学生用
Lesson 67 Volcanoes一．【词汇学习】中英互译1.volcano cn. 火山活火山______________ 休眠火山_________________ 死火山________________________________ 灾难自然灾害___________ 地震_________洪水________台风______ 飓风________ 风暴_________ 2.active adj. 1)活跃的，活泼的（反_________）头脑灵活___________________2）积极的，主动的（反__________）eg. ____________________________________________________ 主动语态_____________________ 被动语态________________________________________ adv. 积极地，主动的___________ n. 活动户外活动___________ 社团活动________________ 3.erupt 1)v. (火山)喷发eg. ____________________________________________________________________________2)v. (比喻)突然爆发=______________eg. _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. violently adv. 猛烈地，剧烈地eg. ___________________________ _________________________________________ ________adj.1) 暴力的eg. ____________________________________________________________________________2)厉害的，极度的，激烈的eg. ________________________________________________________________ ____________n. 暴力5.manage v. 1)管理，经营=__________________________________2)控制，照管理财_________________________________3）做成，应付eg. –Can I help you? -No, thank you. ___________________________________.4)设法(成功做成) manage to do 设法成功做…eg. ____________________________________________________________ n. 管理__________________________ n. 经理6.brilliant adj. 1)非常明亮的，光辉夺目的eg. _____________________________________________2)杰出的，非凡的，精彩的eg. ________________________________________________________________________________- n. 明亮，精彩7. liquid 1) n.液体eg. ________________________________ ________________________________________ _________________流体，包括液体，气体_______________ 气体_____________________固体2)adj. 液态的，清澈的eg. ______________________________________-8. escape 1）v.逃脱，逃走,逃避，逃离escape from 从…逃脱eg. _________________________________ ___________________________________ 2）n. 逃走，逃路9. alive adj. 活着的（人，物）（________________________________）eg. _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________living adj. 活着的（人，物）（_________________________）eg.生物________________________________live [ ]adj. 活着的（物）（_________________）eg. ________________________________________________________________________ adj. 活泼的，生动的eg. ______________________________________________a-开头的，称为表语形容词______________________________________________________________________二．【课文分析】按要求完成句子分析。
新视野大学英语第二册Unit7课文单词
Unit 7 Spend or save--The student’s dilemma New words:manipulatevt. 操纵，控制（某人的思想和行为）defyvt. 1 违反；2 违抗；不服从contradictv. 与…抵触；与…矛盾；违背recessionn. （经济）衰退，萧条gravea. 严重的；重大的；严峻的n. 坟墓；墓穴nastya. 不友善的；不好的；恶毒的tonen. （说话的）语气，口气，腔调resumev. （中断之后）继续，重新开始depictionn. 描写；描述；描绘gapn. 1 差距；差额；差别；2 缺口；开口；裂缝paradoxn. 自相矛盾（的情况）oddsn. （与某物）不一致，相矛盾perspectiven. （思考问题的）角度，观点，想法a. 1 正直的；诚实的；2 垂直的；笔直的urgevt. 极力劝告；敦促；催促suspendvt. 1 暂停；中止；2 （尤指因违规）使…暂时停学（停职）appetiten. 1 欲望；爱好；2 胃口；食欲disguisevt. 装扮；假扮invadev. 1 （尤指不受欢迎地）大量涌入，蜂拥而至；2 武力入侵；侵略；侵占utmostn. 极度；极限；最大可能cerealn. （通常与牛奶一起吃、作为早餐的）谷类食品cruisen. 乘船度假shortagen. 短缺；不足；缺乏cementvt. 加强，巩固（关系、看法等）n. 水泥derivevt. （从某物中）得到，获得v. 源自；源于nourishvt. 滋养；给…营养compacta. 小而紧凑的a. 清楚明确的；直截了当的echovt. 附和（别人的观点）vi. （声音）回响；发出回声stockn. 1 储备；储备物；2 股份scatterv. 撒scattereda. 散布的；分散的retainvt. 保留；保有；继续拥有well-beingn. 舒适，健康，幸福ingredientn. 1 （完成某事的）要素，因素；2 （烹调用的）成分，原料hindervt. 阻碍；妨碍；阻止consultv. 咨询；请教inputn. 1 （想法、建议或信息的）投入，输入；2 （输入计算机的）信息，数据输入optionn. 选择；可选择的东西administrationn. 1 经营过程；管理过程；2 （某一时期的）政府egon. 自我；自我意识urgenta. 紧急的；急迫的；需迅速处理的urgentlyad. 紧急地；急迫地tacklevt. 处理，对付（难题）legala. 1 法律的；与法律有关的；2 法律允许的；合法的；法律规定的choppya.波浪起伏的；波浪滔滔的Phrases and expressions:refer to提到；谈到do one's utmost竭尽全力（做某事）no shortage of不缺少；不缺乏derive sth. from sth.得到，获得（优势或愉快的感受）put off推迟某事；使某事延期take in领会；理解；记住take stock (of sth.)（对形势）作出估计（判断）consult with sb.与某人商量on track在（可能通向成功的）轨迹上get into trouble处于困境get in one’s way挡着某人的路Spend or save--The student’s dilemma1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, "Should I spend or should I save?" I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. The government tells us to spend or we'll never get out of the recession. At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more.2 Here's another familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like: "Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or you'll be in trouble!" Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spending. Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous.3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other. One is the "permissive" perspective, "Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!" The other we could call an "upright" message, which urges us, "Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than you truly need." This message comes to us from many sources: from school, from parents, even from political figures referring to "traditional values". Hard work, family loyalty, and the capacity to postpone desires are core American values that have made our country great.4 But the opposite message, advertising's permissive message, is inescapable. Though sometimes disguised, the messages are everywhere we look: on TV, in movies on printed media and road signs, in stores, and on buses, trains and subways. Advertisements invade our daily lives. We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. Someone recently said, "The only time you can escape advertising is when you're in your bed asleep!"5 It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the age of 40, the total is almost one million. Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions, from the breakfast cereal we eat to which cruise line we will use for our vacation. There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of course, we don't remember exactly what the products were,but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness, "It's good to satisfy your desires. You should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it — now!" A famous advertisement said it perfectly, "I love me. I'm a good friend to myself. I do what makes me feel good. I derive pleasure from nice things and feel nourished by them. I used to put things off. Not anymore. Today I'll buy new ski equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that camera I've always wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow."6 What happens as we take in these contradictory but explicit messages? What are the psychological and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits? On one hand, we want more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite. Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves. On the other hand, a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages: "Watch out, take stock of your life, don't let your attention get scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't fall into debt. Wait! Retain control over your own life. It will make you stronger."7 Anyway, many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances. Consider your financial well-being as a key ingredient of your university education as money worries are extremely stressful and distracting. They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus on your prime objective: successfully completing your education.8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many schools, community organizations, and even some banks offer financial literacy classes. Consider consulting with your school's financial aid office or seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget. An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs. Most importantly, if you find yourself getting into financial trouble, don't let your ego get in your way; urgently get help with tackling your problem before it spins out of control and lands you in legal troubles.9 All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver. As you learn to balance spending and saving, you will become the captain of your own ship, steering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters.你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑，且有被操纵的感觉？我觉得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相矛盾的。
公共英语二级(PETS2)语法基本知识
公共英语二级(PETS2)语法基础知识一、名词1．可数名词可数名词是指能计数事物名称的词，包括个体名词和集体名词，有单、复数形式。
复数名词构成法如下：以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加-es（除stomach）。
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要变y为-ies。
但以元音字母加y结尾时直接加-s。
以f或fe结尾的名词须直接加-s的，如：beliefs，roofs，proofs，gulfs，chiefs，safes，serfs。
变f或fe为-ves的，如：knives，leaves，halves，wives，lives，thieves．wolves，shelves，loaves。
注意handkerchief的复数可直接加-s。
也可变f为-ves。
以o结尾直接加-s，如：zoos，pianos，kilos，photos，autos，radios。
加-es，如：Negroes，heroes，potatoes。
复数不规则的名词，如：man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，goose—geese，ox—oxen，child—children，tooth—teeth等。
单复数形式一样的名词，如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，means，works等。
2．不可数名词不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词。
以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词一般用做单数。
某些以-s结尾的表示单一事物的专有名词常用做单数。
3．名词的所有格(1) “’s”所有格。
一般名词后加“’s”。
如：Tom’s brother’s bag。
以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，在名词右上方加“’”。
如：the workers’organization。
以-s结尾的专有名词所有格，若以读音[Z]结尾，一般可在名词右上方加“’”，也可加“’s”。
如：Dickens’/Dickens’s cup。
大学英语2综合教程 unit1~unit6 课文中英互译
Unit 1 Learning, Chinese-Style中国式的学习风格Howard Gardner 霍华德•加德纳1 For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。
然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。
2 The key to our room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number on it. When leaving the hotel, a guest was encouraged to turn in the key, either by handing it to an attendant or by dropping it through a slot into a box. Because the key slot was narrow, the key had to be positioned carefully to fit into it.我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。
大学英语综合教程二unit7LearningaboutEnglish
大学英语综合教程二unit7LearningaboutEnglishUNIT 7 Learning about EnglishI. Key words & phrasesaddition predictarouse professionalaspect resembleauthority royalban shiftclassic sourceclimate statusconquer substantialcrude surrenderdescend systematicdominate tolerancedrift trendeconomic uniqueestablish virtuallyexceed in translationfascinating out of controlfortunately pass (sth) on to (sb.)genuine put into practiceindependent rid oneself ofintegrate strictly speakinginvade strike outinvent to name a fewmassive to a (very real, certain, etc.) extent modify contribute tomystery give way toAdditional Vocabularysnack bar 快餐店hit parade 流行唱片目录happy tolerance 乐意包容的精神global language 国际语言to arouse one?s emotions激发情感direct to the heart 拨人心弦的parent language 母语the common people 平民the European Renaissance 欧洲文艺复兴运动to pour onto the printed page 纷纷印成书册deeply rooted 根深蒂固的special preserve 特殊的领地language police 语言卫道士intellectual elite 知识精英the tongue of the common people 人民的语言emerge influence 深受影响”crude language 粗俗的语言 .alert the international scientific community to the new discoveries 将新发现通报国际科学界conduct business 做生意the information revolution 信息革命information processing 信息处理a unity of grammar 统一的语法core vocabulary 核心词汇achieve world status 取得国际地位There is no reason to believe that…没有理由相信a language shift 改换语言Ⅱ. Vocabulary & Structure1. The ______ media plays an important role in public life.A. messB. missC. massD. means2. The United Nations declared a ______ on any kinds of interference to country?s internal affairs.A. banB. blockC. barD. prohibition3. Can't you _____ a better excuse for being late again?A. createB. designC. deviseD. invent4. The sufferings of the homeless children _____ our pity.A. arousedB. causedC. roseD. raised5. _____ interest is the key element when we learn English.A. FaithfullyB. NearlyC. VirtuallyD. Almost6. The noises made by the naughty boys _____ the calm of the summer afternoon.A. assaultedB. attackedC. struckD. invaded7. This Asian country is densely_____.A. inhabitedB. livedC. residedD. dwelled8. Before you can start a business, you will have to raise the necessary______.A. investmentB. incomeC. savingsD. capital9. The English-speaking people's love for freedom _____ their attitude towards the changes oftheir language.A. effectedB. imaginedC. influencedD. impacted10. The whole medical community has made tremendous efforts to _____SARS.A. conquerB. defeatC. overcomeD. triumph11. Facing invasion to our country, we have no _____ but to defend her with our life.A. optionB. alternativeC. opinionD. way12. People are the real _____ of wisdom.A. resourceB. sourceC. originD. sauce13. This theory aroused heated debates in the _____ circle.A. universalB. classicC. academicD. additional14. It?s the duty of the police to_____ public order.A. conserveB. reserveC. obtainD. preserve15. Author Edith Wharton thoroughly understood the society_____A. she had grown upB. she had grown up in itC. that had she grown upD. in which she had grown up16. The scholar has made another breakthrough in his field, _____of great importance to theprogress of science and technology.A. I think which isB. which I think it isC. which I think isD. about which I think it is17. Not only _____be interesting to us, but also its English will help us in composition.A. the novel willB. will the novelC. is the novelD. the novel is18. Television has become a major instrument of communication, _____us to see as well as tohear all kinds of programs.A. to permitB. permittedC, being permitting D. permitting19. The decision _____, what is to be done now is how to carry it out.A. been madeB. has been madeC. having been madeD. having been making20. It is necessary that a university student _____at least one foreign language.A. learnsB. learnC. must learnD. learned21. Against the wall on the opposite side_____.A. there stand two cupboardsB. two cupboards stand thereC. there two cupboards standD. stand two cupboards22. Without your encouragement and support, we_____.A. should not succeededB. would not succeedC. would have succeededD. would not have succeeded23. He was stripped of his _____as a party member.A. statueB. statusC. determinationD. significance24. We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to_____.A. ascendB. descendC. declineD. significance25. Some fish have a greater _____for acid water than others.A. toleranceB. resistanceC. dependenceD. persistence26. New difficulties _____when old ones were overcome.A. arousedB. aroseC. raisedD. rose27. American Indians were the original _____in American continent.A. residentsB. lodgersC. inhabitantsD. settlers28. As the drug took _____ the patient become quieter.A. forceB. influenceC. effectD. action29. Everyone is asked to _____suggestions for the party.A. contributeB. attributeC. attend ID. devote30. The candidates constantly _____their position on that issue.A. alterB. varyC. transferD. shiftⅢ. CET 4 Vocabulary1. After the robbery，the shop installed a sophisticated alarm system as an insurance _____furtherlosses.A. forB. fromC. againstD. towards2. _____the earth to be flat，many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A. Having believedB. BelievingC. BelievedD. Being believed3. A healthy life is frequently thought to be _____with the open countrysideand homegrown food.A. tiedB. boundC. involvedD. associated4. Sir Denis，who is 78，has made it known that much of his collection _____to the nation.A. has leftB. is to leaveC.1eavesD. is to be left5. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949，it _____necessary for all planes to land forre-fueling.A. would beB. has beenC. had beenD. would have been6. In Britain today women——44％of the workforce，and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.A. build upB. stand forC. make upD. conform to7. _____might be expected，the response to the question was very mixed.A. AsB. ThatC. ItD. What8. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one______.A. to correctB. correctingC. having correctedD. being corrected9. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _____from individual to individual and from face to face.A. changeB. varyC. alterD. convert10. I make notes in the back of my diary _____thing to be mended or replaced.A. byB. inC. withD. of11. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____cleaned.A. can't have been C. mustn't have beenB. shouldn't have been D. wouldn't have been12. A well-written composition _____good choice of words and clear organization among otherthings.A. calls onB. calls forC. calls upD. calls off13. The traditional approach________ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller,more easily managed problems.A. to dealingB. in dealingC. dealingD. to deal14. It has been revealed that some government leaders _____their authorityand position to get illegal profits for themselves.A. employB. takeC. abuseD. overlook15. We were struck by the extent _____which teachers' decisions served the interests of the schoolrather than those of the students.A. toB. forC. inD. with16. Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passingit on her first_____.A. intentionB. attemptC. purposeD. desire17. The ancient Egyptians are supposed _____rockets to the moon.A. to sendB. to be sendingC. to have sentD. to have been sending18. The store had to _____a number of clerks because sales were down.A. lay outB. lay offC. lay asideD. lay down19. All the students in this class passed the English exam _____the exception of Li Ming.A. onB. inC. forD. with20. Young adults _____older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.A. other thanB. more thanC. less thanD. rather than21. Writing is a slow process, requiring _____thought, time, and effort.A. significantB. considerableC. enormousD. numerous22. _____right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leave C. Were she to leaveB. If she leaves D. If she had left23. I t?s already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's abouttime_____?A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home24. Lightning is a _____of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud toanother.A. rushB. rainbowC. rackD. ribbon25. Today, _____major new products without conducting elaborate market research.A. corporations hardly introduce everB. corporations hardly ever introduceC. hardly corporations introduce everD. hardly corporations ever introduce26. I've already told you that I'm going to buy it, _____.A. however much it costsB. however does it costs muchC. how much does it costD. no matter how it costs27. New York _____second in the production of apples, producing 850,000,000 pounds this year.A. rankedB. occupiedC. arrangedD. classified28. Melted iron is poured into the mixer much _____ tea ispoured into a cup from a teapot.A. in the same way likeB. in the same way whichC. in the same wayD. in the same way as29. By success I don't mean _____usually thought of when that word is used.A. what isB. that weC. as youD. all is30. I caught a _____of the taxi before it disappeared around the comer of the street.A. visionB. glimpseC. lookD. scene31. Their products are frequently overpriced and _____in quality. (2002.6)A. influentialB. inferiorC. superiorD. subordinate32. Our hopes _____and fell in the same instant. (2001.6)A. amusedB. aroseC. raised D, rose33. Many people favor ____ more nuclear power plants.A. buildingB. buildC. builtD. to build34. Last year the advertising rate _____by 20 percent. (1997.1)A. raisedB. arousedC. aroseD. rose35. Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't _____so much noise. (1997.1)A. resistB. sustainC. tolerateD. undergo36. From her conversation I ____________ that she had a large family.A. estimatedB. guessedC. includedD. predicted37. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of hisas he developed own technique. (2001.6)A. ancestorsB. descendantsC. successorsD. predecessors38. Among all the changes resulting from the _____entry of women into the work force, thetransformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important. (2000.6)A. massiveB. quantitativeC. surplusD. formidable39. Certain species disappeared or became _____as new forms arose that were better adapted tothe Earth's changing environment. (1999.6)A. feebleB. extinctC. massiveD. extinguished40. “What shall we do if it rains?”“Well, in that ________ we shall have to change our plans.”A. caseB. respectC. chanceD. point41. When he tried to make a _____, she found that the hotel was completely filled because of aconvention. (1998.6)A. reservationB. claimC. messD. revision42. The police have __________ the road where a bomb was found. So there is no traffic there atthe moment.A. protectedB. blockedC. stoppedD. occupied43. Think she hurt my feelings _____rather than by accident as she claimed. (1997.1)A. virtuallyB. deliberatelyC. literallyD. appropriately44. Parents have a legal _____to ensure that their children are provided with efficient educationsuitable to their age. (1997.6)A. impulseB. lessenedC. obligationD. sympathy45. Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply_____. (1997.6)A. declinedB. lessenedC. descendedD. slipped46. We' d like to _____a table for five for dinner this evening.A. preserveB. reserveC. retainD. sustain47. The older New England villages have changed relatively little _____a gas station or two inrecent decades.A. exceptB. besidesC. in addition toD. except for48. Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the body's need for it fromnatural sources without turning _____the salt bottle.A. upB. toC. onD. over49. Cultural _____indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation toanother.A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction50.Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes contributes _____the increase of cancers. (1994.01.CET)A. towardsB. forC. withD. toⅣ.Reading Comprehension(1)Man finds living together with his own species (物种) difficult enough and living together with other species almost impossible. Our usual solution is to kill off anything that gets in our way. Even on those rare occasions when we do enter into a relationship with another species, it is heavily biased (带偏向的) in our favor. The other species benefits only when it suits our own interests. Ourattempts to communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders in our own language and having them obeyed. Probably our best attempt has been the whistle language that is used in the shepherd-sheepdog relationship. This is a system that is natural to neither species, but one that both can understand. Its only fault lies in the fact that the bias is still there ―the dog cannot whistle for the man.But now comes news of a research that promises, for the first time, to open up two-way communication between man and another species.At the University of Nevada in the western United States, animated (活跃的) conversations are being held with a young female chimpanzee (黑猩猩) called Washoe. Allen and Beatrice Gardner have succeeded in doing this because they have used an entirely new approach, an approach based on the natural abilities of the chimpanzee. Past attempts to communicate with chimpanzees have failed because the researchers tried to make their animals use a vocal language.1. According to the writer, when man finds it impossible to live together with other species, he usually_____.A. tries to communicate with themB. tries to teach them a languageC. sets up a relationship with themD. wipes them out2. According to the writer, we communicate with animals in an attempt to_____.A. set up a relationship with them C. get along well with themB. make them do what we want D. teach them a language3. The writer implies that the shepherd-sheepdog whistle language is still biased becauseA. it can only be used to give orders_____.B. it is not natural for both shepherd and sheepdogC. it is a one-way communication approachD. it can only be used between man and a dog4. Allen and Beatrice Gardner managed to communicate with the chimpanzee by _____.A. training the chimpanzee to learn human language in an entirely new methodB. creating a language both man and the chimpanzee were able to useC. using animal's vocal language which the chimpanzee was able to understandD. learning the chimpanzee's language with a new approach5. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. in the future the chimpanzee can learn language like human beingsB. in the past researchers taught a chimpanzee words of our natural languageC. man and animals can get along well if they can communicate with each otherD. the chimpanzee can communicate well with us human beings(2)Rumor is the most primitive way of spreading stories －by passing them on from mouth to mouth. But civilized countries in normal times have newspapers. In times of stress and confusion, however, rumor emerges and becomes widespread. At such times the different kinds of news are in competition: the press, television, and radio against the rumor.Especially do rumors spread when war requires keepingsecret on many important matters. The usual news sources no longer give out enough information. Since the people cannot learn through lawful channels all that they are anxious to learn, they pick up news whenever they can and when this happens, rumor develops.Rumors are often repeated even by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. The reason is that the clearly designed rumor gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims -- the fears, suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to voice directly. Pessimistic rumors about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are worried and anxious. Optimistic rumors about record production or peace soon coming point to complacency ( 满足) or confidence －and often to overconfidence.6. Rumor usually appears and spreads_____.A. in primitive societiesB. in civilized countriesC. when people are worried and anxiousD. when people can't get enough information7. According to the passage, people who repeat a rumor as truth want to do so because_____.A. they are easily deceivedB. they are pessimistic or optimistic by natureC. it reflects their own unexpressed beliefD. they have a strong desire to impress other people8. The author states that during wartime, the regular sources of news present only_____.A. optimistic reports C. false informationB. pessimistic reports D. limited information9. The author suggests that, in time of stress, man frequently_____.A. goes back to primitive techniques C. become more closemouthedB. loses complete control of himself D. stops regular news services10. The passage is mainly about _____.A. the origin of rumor C. the reality of rumorB. the spread of rumor D. the medium of rumor(3)In s cience the meaning of the word …explain? suffers with civilization's every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientists than to Thales who first speculated (思索) on the electrification of amber (琥珀). Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces …really? are. …Electricity?, Bertrand Russell says, is not a thing, like St. Paul's Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell. ' Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that's where they belong, and smoke goes up because that's where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science wasborn when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.11. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is _____.A. to explain why things happen C. to describe self-evident principlesB. to explain how things happen D. to support Aristotelian science12. What theory most influenced Western scientific thought for a very long time?A. The speculations of Thales.B. The forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravity.C. Aristotle's natural science.D. Galileo's discoveries.13. Bertrand Russell's notion about electricity is _____.A. disapproved of by most modem scientistsB. in agreement with Aristotle's theory of self-evident principlesC. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward how things happenD. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward why things happen14. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea_____.A. that there are mysterious forces in the universeB. that man cannot discover what forces really areC. that there are self-evident principlesD. that we can discover why things behave as they do15. The goal of Aristotelian science was toA. explain how things happenB. deduce why objects fall to the groundC. explain why things take placeD. discover what these mysterious forces really are(4)Once it was considered good to keep the car engine idle a minute or two following cold starts Today, with modern technology, the opposite is true. An engine operating under road conditions will warm up faster and run more efficiently than the one that is idling. Idling just burns gas (on average, about a gallon an hour).When you have a full tank of gas, park the car facing downhill is possible; this will prevent any gas from coming out of the tank. Parking in areas of less or no sunlight helps prevent the gas from steaming that would occur if you parked in the hot sun. Your car will stay cooler, too, and that means less gas consuming work for the air conditioner once the engine is started.Stay away from wide-track tiers if you want top mileage. Narrow-track tires produce less friction and thus rolling resistance. The same effect is achieved by adding three to five pounds above recommended pressure to each tire, while this won?t noticeably affect your car?s sliding quality, it will increase tire fife and gas mileage.Check tire pressure often, especially when the weather turns cold. The difference between winter and summer tire pressure can be as much as eight pounds. This could cost you two miles per gallon.1. The main purpose of the passage is _____.A. to tell us how expert drivers try to save gasB. to tell us how to drive a car properlyC. to tell us how to make a car run smoothlyD. to tell us how to make your car consume less gas2. According to the passage, keeping the engine run idly _____.A: will just waste gas C. will make it work more efficientlyB. will warm it up more quickly D. is necessary in cold weather3. Parking your car in a cool place _____.A. will take it longer to warm up the engineB. means less gas consumption for the air conditionerC. prevent any gas from coming out of the tankD. helps start your ear more easily4. Wide-track tires _____.A. won't noticeably affect your car's sliding qualityB. can increase tire lifeC. will increase rolling resistanceD. helps attain top gas mileage5. Tire pressure changes _____.A. when wide-track tires are usedB. when narrow-track tires are usedC. in different weather conditionsD. in different road conditionsⅤ.Translation1.记住好心情、有规律锻炼和恰当饮食对身体有好处。
新标准大学英语第二册(第二版)全册课文翻译
Unit 1Active reading (1)大学已经不再特别了1 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20 世纪60 年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。
”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。
但是，20 世纪60 年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。
20 世纪60 年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。
然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。
1966 年，罗纳德·里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、持不一意见的少数人征服。
”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、持不同意见的少数人。
3 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情地投入到自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。
许多抗议是针对越南战争的。
可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致了戴高乐总统辞职。
4 20 世纪60 年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。
不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。
你往往得上了大学才得以阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米·亨德里克斯或伦尼·布鲁斯的志同道合者。
那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。
5 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。
当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。
例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010 年让50％的30 岁以下的人上大学的目标，（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。
不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2 Unit1~7 笔记
读写译（二）Unit 1 笔记1. in the late 1960s 20世纪60年代后期in the early 1960s ……早期in the mid-1960s = in the middle ofthe 1960s ……中期2. culture n. 文化cultural a. 文化的cultured a. 有文化的，有教养的3. debut [‘deibu:] a. 第一次的debut album 首张唱片4. be in tune with the time 适合时代潮流be out of tune with…与……格格不入in tune 和调—out of tune 跑调，走调change one’s tune 改变态度dance to one’s tune 亦步亦趋5. be an instant hit 轰动一时make a hit 获得成功6. seek-sought-sought7. code n. 密码，代码post code 邮编；规则；法典，法规8. live by 靠……生活live on 靠……生活；以…为食feed on；继续活下去go on living（on的本义）live with = put up with 忍受，容忍live through度过~ a hard time ；经受live out （比预期）多活了（几天）e.g. The patient lived out another 2 days .；住在外面live up to 实践，做到，不辜负~one’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望live high 过奢侈生活Live and learn. 活到老，学到老。
As I live,……表强调，的确indeed , really9. survey （n. 重音在前v. 重音在后）调查；眺望，俯视convey v. 传达，运送conveyance n.10. curriculum=course 课程11. the way to do = the way of doingthe method of doingthe approach to doing (best)12. educator n. 教育工作者educationist=educationalist教育工作者，教育家13. rather than ①而不是instead of = not②而不愿would …rather than …/ prefer to …rather than …other than ①除了except②不同于different frome.g. My idea is quite other than yours.14. kindergarten 幼儿园elementary school = primary school = grammar school = grade school 小学（4）middle school = high school = secondary school 中学（3）junior middle / high school 初中senior middle / high school 高中college / university / institute 大学15. not …but …不是…而是…not that …but that …= not because … but because …16. antenna n. 天线article n. 物品，物件parental a. 父母的注意读音17. attach v. fasten or joinattach sth to sthbe attached to 附属，喜爱e.g. I’m greatly attached to my work .attach importance to ……重视an attached middle school 附属中学attachment n.18. initial a. 首先的of / at the beginning ；首字母的n. 首字母v. 草签（协议）initiate v. 创始，发动createinitiative n. 主动性have the initiative 掌握主动take the initiative in / by doing 带头做(do sth) on one’s own initiative = actively 主动地19. on occasion 有时= now and then = occasionallyon the occasion of 在……之际e.g. on the occasion of (= at)sb’s wedding / partyon one occasion = once 一次on many occasions 很多次take the occasion to do借此机会（官腔）20. a wedding ring 结婚戒指an engagement ring 订婚戒指21. neglect n.v. 忽视neglect to doneglect one’s meals and sleep废寝忘食be neglectful ofCF: neglect, ignore, omitneglect （心上）对职责，义务的忽视neglect one’s duties 玩忽职守neglect traffic regulations 违反交规ignore （眼上）故意不理会，置之不理ignorance n. ignorant a.pay attention of = take notice of 注意omit 失误，疏忽，删除22. 以–mit 结尾的动词变为名词变化形式常类似 e.g. permit –permission admit –admission omit –omission 23. not in the least = not at all = not a bit一点也不not a little = very 许多24. relevant a. 有关的，相关relatedbe relevant to 反义irrelevant relevance(cy) n. have relevance to25. case 案件evidence u. proof c. 证据26. investigate vt. vi. investigate into investigator n. 调查员investigation n.on investigation 经过调查under investigation 在调查中make an investigation on / of / into做关于……的调查No investigation , no right to speak .没有调查就没有发言权。
新标准大学英语综合教程2Unit7课文翻译
新标准⼤学英语综合教程2Unit7课⽂翻译Unit 7Active reading (1)保护瑟伦要去⽇本学⽊⼯⼿艺，临⾛前他问我能否收留他的狗霍根。
我说：“当然可以，它可以保护我。
”最近我们家附近常有抢劫案发⽣，我在马塞诸塞州的房⼦北⾯靠湖，西⾯被树林环绕，晚上坏⼈可以神不知⿁不觉地溜进来。
瑟伦哈哈⼤笑。
他说：“有陌⽣⼈进门时，霍根也不⼀定会叫。
如果来了个夜贼，他或许还会去舔他。
”不过，霍根感觉到他跟我的关系与他跟瑟伦的关系有所不同。
瑟伦体格强壮，⽽且相对来说⽐较勇敢，他并不需要太多的保护。
匆忙赶路时，瑟伦会像抱⼩孩那样⼀下⼦把霍根抱到⽪卡的货箱上。
我可抱不动他，我的体重和霍根差不多，⽽且他还⽐我年轻⼒壮。
作为⼥⼈，我所⾯临的危险是瑟伦和霍根根本不可能知道的。
在我这⾥⽣活了⼀周之后，只要⼀有陌⽣⼈靠近家门，霍根就开始吠叫。
我们之间的保护关系其实早就存在了，起初我是保护者。
瑟伦第⼀次把霍根托付给我看管时，他Animal plane t Unit 7225还只是⼀只七个⽉⼤的⼩狗，它只在我家⾥过了⼀个周末。
那是11 ⽉底⼀个寒冷的早晨，湖⽔刚开始结冰。
湖⾯上的⼀层薄冰能托得住吹落的树叶和细⼩的树枝，但是还太脆弱，远不能承受动物的⽖⼦。
那时我正在后院晾⾐服，长长的晒⾐绳拴在房⼦旁的⼀棵参天橡树和湖边的⼀棵云杉之间。
⼀条淡蓝⾊的床单随风飘起，眼看着就要掠过湖⾯飞上天空。
当我奋⼒地⽤⾐服夹⼦夹床单时，霍根正在我腿边玩得⽓喘嘘嘘，⼀段两英尺长的橡树枝成了他的宝贝，被他叼来叼去。
由于⼀⼼只想着揪住床单，让它平整伏贴地悬挂在晒⾐绳上，我⼼不在焉地捡起那段树枝，朝⼭坡下将我们家院⼦与湖⽔隔开的围栏⽅向扔了过去。
我以前也经常这样为他扔⽊头。
根据⽊头的不同重量和我的动作的⼤⼩，我知道它们⼤概能飞多远。
但这块⽊头赶上了⼀阵疾风，朝着床单想去的⽅向飞过了院⼦，越过了围栏，最后以溜冰⾼⼿般的优美动作滑进湖⽔⾥。
我抬头⼀看，只见霍根飞速穿过院门，以⼀个漂亮的飞跃撞破薄冰，落⼊⽔中，他差⼀点就够得着那段⽊头了。
大学英语2第6-7-8-10单元课后词汇原题+答案+翻译
Unit 6 section A1.After two days of questioning by the police,the criminal finally confessed<承认；供认>.警方经过两天质疑,罪犯终于供认不讳.2.It is a very popular play,and it would be wise to reserve<预定;保留> seats in advance.这是一个非常受欢迎的表演,明智的做法是提前预订座位.3.He was an enthusiastic amateur writer for many years before he turned professional<职业的,专业的>.在他转为专业的作家之前,他曾是一名业余作家多年.4.The actor’s performance in Hamlet has been impressive<使人映像深刻的>.在"哈姆雷特"表演中的演员表现令人印象深刻.5.Where unemployment and crime rates are high, it can be assumed that the latter<后者> isdue to the former.如果失业率和犯罪率都很高,那么可以推断,后者归咎于前者.6. A good photograph can often convey<传达,表达> far more than words.一张很好的照片往往能比言语传达的多.7.Although you have graduated from university, a bachelor’s degree in English does notqualify<取得资格> you not to teach English.虽然你已经大学毕业,但学士的英语程度没有取得资格你就不能教英语.8.The young girl is refined<有教养的,高雅的> in her manners and she always eats cakes with alittle fork.这个年轻的女孩举止高雅,她总是用小叉子吃蛋糕.9.I have a packed timetable this week. Could you substitute<代替> for me at the meeting atthe head office?这个星期我有一个包装的时间表.在总行的会议上,你能代替我吗？10.The new project is expected to start early next year,it has won the approval<批准,认可> ofthe board.新项目预计明年年初开始,它已经赢得了董事会的批准.Section B1.In order to wele foreign friends to their school, the student spent the morning getting thewhole building clear and tidy<整洁的,干净的>.为了迎接外国朋友到他们的学校,学生花了一上午,使整个建筑变得干净整洁.cking munications with outside areas, some very old traditions still prevail <盛行,流行> inthe mountain villages.郊区缺乏通信,但在山区村庄仍流行一些非常传统方法.3.Grandpa gets very emotional <情绪的,情感的> whenever he talks about the war in which hefought many years ago.每当爷爷谈到很多年前他参与的战争时候就会变得非常情绪化.4.She’s really good at imitating <模仿,效仿>our teacher’s southern accent.她是真的擅长模仿老师的南方口音.5.Higher cigarette prices do not seem to discourage <阻止,劝阻> people from smoking.拥有较高价格的卷烟似乎不劝阻人们吸烟.6.I got this shirt when I was in the store. It was a real bargain <便宜货,廉价品>.当我在店里的时候,得到了这件衬衫.这是一件真正的便宜货.7.With their parents at work during the day, the kids are left to wander <游荡;漫游> thestreets.当孩子们的父母白天工作时,他们被留在街头游荡.8.She does not qualify as an expert; she has only a<n>superficial <肤浅的,表面的> knowledgeof the language.她没有资格作为专家,她只有肤浅语言知识.9.Jack was very thoughtful; he concealed <隐藏,隐瞒> the new that he had failed his jobinterview in order not to make his mother sad.杰克想得很周到,他隐瞒了新面试失败是为了不使他的母亲伤心.10.It is mon sense that lightning usually acpanies <伴随,和…一起> thunder. But can you tell mewhich es first:the flash of light or the loud sound?闪电通常伴有雷声,这是常识.但你能告诉我哪个先吗：闪还是或雷声？Unit7 section A1.Cool foresight and a quick mind enabled him to react <反应> swiftly in an emergency.冷静的远见和快速的头脑,使他在紧急情况下迅速做出反应.2.You seem awfully tense <紧张的>–why don’t you have a drink and try to relax?你似乎非常不紧张,为什么你不喝酒试着放松呢？3.The doctor remended <劝告,建议> that he should stay a few more days in the hospital.医生建议他应该留在医院多几天.4.The crisis had a<n> destructive <破坏的> effect on the economy.经济危机对经济具有破坏性影响.5.The program can only be successful if the students perceive<理解,认为> training asimportant.假如学生认为培训是重要的,那么该方案会成功.6.The emphasis <强调> was to be laid mainly on the traffic in inner city areas.重点将主要集中在市中心地区的交通.7.Looking at the old photos of his mother stirred <激起> feelings within him that had beenquiet for many years.望着他的母亲的老照片,激起他内心已经沉寂多年的感情.8.This is an important matter, so we must give it priority <优先权> over all other business.这是一个重要的问题,所以我们必须给它超过其他业务的优先级.9.She attributed <把…归咎于>her broken marriage to her husband’s short temper.她把她的婚姻破裂归咎于她丈夫的脾气.10.T he activities are designed to stimulate <刺激;激励> classroom discussions.该活动旨在激发课堂讨论.Section B1.A newborn baby needs constant<经常的,不断的> care and attention.一个新生婴儿,需要不断的关怀和照顾2.His great ambition<雄心,抱负,追求目标> is to find a theory which will enable us to predictthe weather and control its consequences.他的雄心是要找到一个这样的理论,使我们能够预测天气,并控制其后果.3.He became bad-tempered as a<n>consequence<结果,影响> of drinking too much wine.他喝太多酒结果脾气变得暴躁.4.With the economic development over the past decade, the growth of a new social class hasbee so evident <明显的,显然的> that everyone can see it.随着经济发展超过过去十年,新的社会阶层的增长如此明显,以至于每个人都可以看到它. 5.Your final paragraph should summarize <概述> the main points of your essay.你的最后一段应该概括文章的主要观点.6.She was most concerned for the welfare <幸福,安康> of her two children.她是最适合她的两个孩子的福利问题.7.She has a pretty tight schedule <日程表>, but she may be able to meet you for lunch.她有一个日程安排得很紧,但她可能是满足你的午餐.8.The latest model of airplane is capable of attaining<获得> speeds in excess of 500kilometers per hour.最新型号的飞机是能够实现速度超过每小时500公里.9.Many of the party’s supporters were loyal<忠诚的> to their leader even after he went tojail.许多党的支持者是忠于他们的领导人,即使他去坐牢.10.H er work is indispensable<必不可少的> to the project;without her we cannot continue.对于项目来说她的工作是必不可少的,如果没有她,我们不能继续.Unit 8 section A1.He is always ready to render <给予,提供> help to others, so he is the mostrespectableperson in the neighborhood.他总是准备提供帮助别人,所以在附近他是最可敬的人.2.He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution <贡献> to world peace.他对世界和平的贡献,他被授予诺贝尔和平奖.3.Internet game have proved very popular <受欢迎的> with young people.网络游戏已被证明是非常受年轻人欢迎的.4.Peking University and Tsinghua University are the two most important educationalinstitutions <机构> in China.大学和清华大学是中国的两个最重要的教育机构.5.Bill enrolled <登记,注册> in a four-year teacher training program.比尔参加为期四年的教师培训计划.6.With foreigners and tourists ing from all over the word, New York is one of the mostculturally diverse <不同的,多样的> cities in the world.纽约是世界上最多元文化的城市之一,外国人和游客从世界各地来的.7.By the late 1950s, scientists had already accumulated <积累> enough information toshow a clear link between smoking and cancer.在20世纪50年代末,科学家们已经积累了足够的信息显示了吸烟与癌症之间的明确联系.8. A tiny baby soon learns to distinguish <辨别,区分>its mother’s face from other adults’faces.一个小宝宝很快得知其母亲的脸,以区别于其他成人的面孔.9.How puzzling <使迷惑,使费解>！The male student who seldom attends class has gotthe highest mark this time.多么令人费解！很少上课的男学生得到了最高分.10.I t is very important to confine <界限,范围> your speech to the subject.这是非常重要的限制你演讲的主题.Section B1.Why don’t you eliminate <消除,根除> these unnecessary words? It will make yourarticle much better.你为什么不消除这些不必要的话吗？它会使你的文章要好得多.2.She displayed <显露,表现> no sign of happiness after she heard the good news.她听到这个好消息后,她没显示出幸福的标志.3.This point is implicit <暗示的,含蓄的>. You’d better clarify it.这点是隐含的,你最好澄清.4.A large proportion <部分> of birds in this area will die in the end if they are notprotected.如果鸟类没有得到保护,那么在这片区域的大部分的鸟最终会死亡.5.The police suspected that murder was motivated <激励,激发> by money, not hatred.警方怀疑谋杀的动机是钱,不是仇恨.6.The country faced the prospect <前程,前途> of a winter without adequate food orenergy; the government was trying to find a way out.该国面临这样一个没有足够的食物和能源的前景的冬天;政府正在试图找到一条出路.7.Two hotel are to be constructed <建造,构筑> in this area to meet the rising demand oftourists in the next few years.在不久的未来,这两家酒店都建在以满足游客的需求这一领域上.8.Both civil <国民的,国内的> and military groups would have to spend less in thefollowing year.民事和军事团体在接下来的一年里将不得不花费少9.When considering people for jobs, we give preference <偏爱,更喜欢> to those withsome experience.当考虑聘请的人,我们会优先考虑那些有一定经验的.10.C arol will be in charge of the office during my absence <缺席,没有>.在我不在的日子里Carol将负责办公室.Unit10 section A1.They found that the present distribution channels <渠道,途径> could no longer meettheir needs.他们发现,目前的分销渠道再也不能满足他们的需求2.The fisherman clung to the wreckage for hours before he was finally rescued <救援,营救> by a passing ship.渔夫被路过的船救起之前已经抓住残骸坚持了几个小时.3.The pretty young girl became a<n> royal <王室的,皇家的> family member after shemarried a prince of a small European nation.轻漂亮的女孩嫁给了一个欧洲小国的王子后成为王室成员.4.The survival <生存,幸存> of the fittest refers to the existence of those that are bestadapted to their surroundings.优胜劣汰是指最适合他们的环境生存下来.5.Immediately after the flash of light, there came a sudden crash <破裂声>,and then Isaw the big tree fell down.忽然闪光,出现了突然破裂声,然后我看到大树倒下.6.Whichever <无论哪个,无论哪些> of you sings the best will get the first prize.无论你们唱什么歌都将获得一等奖.7.She was found guilty of stealing and was sent to prison for five years as punishment <惩罚,处罚>.她因盗窃,被处罚5年有期徒刑.te in the afternoon, when the sun is low in the sky, the shadows people cast <投射到> are at their longest.在傍晚时分,当太阳在天空中低,人们投下的阴影是最长的时候.9.He was totally exhausted after the trip, in which he endured <忍受,忍耐> fever,starvation, and attacks by hostile people.他忍受发烧,饥饿,以与敌人的攻击之后,整个人累垮了.10.T hey will fight to the end in the war against the foreign invaders; they will neversurrender <投降,放弃>.他们将在反对外国侵略者的战争中抗战到底;他们将永远不会投降.Section B1.You’d better not expose <暴露> your skin to the sunlight.你最好不要让你的皮肤暴露在阳光下.2.College students have been places throughout the United Kingdome in both the publicand private sectors <区域,部门>.还在大学校园的学生已经穿梭在公共和私人场所.3.Very careful thought was given to the layout <布局,安排> of the building to provide thebest possible view over the lake.考虑到建筑物的布局,以提供最好的湖上景色.4.If you feel dizzy <头晕目眩> or short of breath, stop exercising immediately.如果你感到头晕或呼吸短促,应立即停止运动.5.The country offers foreign tourists everything from historical <历史上的> castles tohigh-tech industry.该国为外国游客提供从历史的城堡到高新技术产业的一切事物.6.Firefighters were called when a gas tank exploded <爆炸> in the back yard.当后院煤气罐爆炸时候消防队员被呼叫.7.His wounds from the chemical explosion refused to heal <康复> for lack of medicine.他在化学爆炸中受伤,拒绝药物医治.8.In this society, a few enjoy luxury <奢华的> while others endure grinding poverty.在这个社会中,少数人享有奢侈品,而别人忍受赤贫.9.Consumers say they are uneasy <担心的> about using their credit cards over theInternet, because they are afraid they might lose money.消费者说,他们认为在互联网上使用其信用卡不安全,因为他们害怕可能会丢钱. 10.S eeing the yellow flags swaying <摇摆,摇动> gently in the wind brought tears of joy tohis eyes.看到黄色的旗帜在风中轻轻摇曳,他的眼睛充满了喜悦的泪水.。
公共英语二级(PETS2)语法基本知识
公共英语二级(PETS2) 语法基础知识一、名词1 ．可数名词可数名词是指能计数事物名称的词，包括个体名词和集体名词，有单、复数形式。
复数名词构成法如下：以s，x，ch ，sh 结尾的名词加-es (除stomach )。
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要变y为-ies。
但以元音字母加y结尾时直接加-s。
以f 或fe 结尾的名词须直接加-s 的，如：beliefs ，roofs ，proofs ，gulfs ，chiefs ，safes ，serfs 。
变f 或fe 为-ves 的，如：knives ，leaves ，halves ，wives ，lives ，thieves ．wolves ，shelves ，loaves 。
注意handkerchief 的复数可直接加-s。
也可变f为-ves 。
以o 结尾直接力口-s，如：zoos ，pianos ，kilos ，photos ，autos ，radios 。
力口-es，女口：Negroes ，heroes ，potatoes 。
复数不规则的名词，如：man —men ，woman —women ，foot —feet ，goose —geese ，ox —oxen ，child —children ，tooth —teeth 等。
单复数形式一样的名词，如：Chinese ，Japanese ，sheep ，deer ，means ，works 等。
2 ．不可数名词不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词。
以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词一般用做单数。
某些以-s 结尾的表示单一事物的专有名词常用做单数。
3 ．名词的所有格(1) 所有格。
一般名词后加。
'如：Tom s brother ' s bag。
以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，在名词右上方加如：the workers ' organization 。
新视野大学英语第二册Unit7课文单词
Unit 7 Spend or save--The student’s dilemma New words:manipulatevt. 操纵，控制（某人的思想和行为）defyvt. 1 违反；2 违抗；不服从contradictv. 与…抵触；与…矛盾；违背recessionn. （经济）衰退，萧条gravea. 严重的；重大的；严峻的n. 坟墓；墓穴nastya. 不友善的；不好的；恶毒的tonen. （说话的）语气，口气，腔调resumev. （中断之后）继续，重新开始depictionn. 描写；描述；描绘gapn. 1 差距；差额；差别；2 缺口；开口；裂缝paradoxn. 自相矛盾（的情况）oddsn. （与某物）不一致，相矛盾perspectiven. （思考问题的）角度，观点，想法a. 1 正直的；诚实的；2 垂直的；笔直的urgevt. 极力劝告；敦促；催促suspendvt. 1 暂停；中止；2 （尤指因违规）使…暂时停学（停职）appetiten. 1 欲望；爱好；2 胃口；食欲disguisevt. 装扮；假扮invadev. 1 （尤指不受欢迎地）大量涌入，蜂拥而至；2 武力入侵；侵略；侵占utmostn. 极度；极限；最大可能cerealn. （通常与牛奶一起吃、作为早餐的）谷类食品cruisen. 乘船度假shortagen. 短缺；不足；缺乏cementvt. 加强，巩固（关系、看法等）n. 水泥derivevt. （从某物中）得到，获得v. 源自；源于nourishvt. 滋养；给…营养compacta. 小而紧凑的a. 清楚明确的；直截了当的echovt. 附和（别人的观点）vi. （声音）回响；发出回声stockn. 1 储备；储备物；2 股份scatterv. 撒scattereda. 散布的；分散的retainvt. 保留；保有；继续拥有well-beingn. 舒适，健康，幸福ingredientn. 1 （完成某事的）要素，因素；2 （烹调用的）成分，原料hindervt. 阻碍；妨碍；阻止consultv. 咨询；请教inputn. 1 （想法、建议或信息的）投入，输入；2 （输入计算机的）信息，数据输入optionn. 选择；可选择的东西administrationn. 1 经营过程；管理过程；2 （某一时期的）政府egon. 自我；自我意识urgenta. 紧急的；急迫的；需迅速处理的urgentlyad. 紧急地；急迫地tacklevt. 处理，对付（难题）legala. 1 法律的；与法律有关的；2 法律允许的；合法的；法律规定的choppya.波浪起伏的；波浪滔滔的Phrases and expressions:refer to提到；谈到do one's utmost竭尽全力（做某事）no shortage of不缺少；不缺乏derive sth. from sth.得到，获得（优势或愉快的感受）put off推迟某事；使某事延期take in领会；理解；记住take stock (of sth.)（对形势）作出估计（判断）consult with sb.与某人商量on track在（可能通向成功的）轨迹上get into trouble处于困境get in one’s way挡着某人的路Spend or save--The student’s dilemma1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, "Should I spend or should I save?" I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. The government tells us to spend or we'll never get out of the recession. At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more.2 Here's another familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like: "Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or you'll be in trouble!" Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spending. Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous.3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other. One is the "permissive" perspective, "Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!" The other we could call an "upright" message, which urges us, "Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than you truly need." This message comes to us from many sources: from school, from parents, even from political figures referring to "traditional values". Hard work, family loyalty, and the capacity to postpone desires are core American values that have made our country great.4 But the opposite message, advertising's permissive message, is inescapable. Though sometimes disguised, the messages are everywhere we look: on TV, in movies on printed media and road signs, in stores, and on buses, trains and subways. Advertisements invade our daily lives. We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. Someone recently said, "The only time you can escape advertising is when you're in your bed asleep!"5 It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the age of 40, the total is almost one million. Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions, from the breakfast cereal we eat to which cruise line we will use for our vacation. There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of course, we don't remember exactly what the products were,but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness, "It's good to satisfy your desires. You should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it — now!" A famous advertisement said it perfectly, "I love me. I'm a good friend to myself. I do what makes me feel good. I derive pleasure from nice things and feel nourished by them. I used to put things off. Not anymore. Today I'll buy new ski equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that camera I've always wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow."6 What happens as we take in these contradictory but explicit messages? What are the psychological and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits? On one hand, we want more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite. Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves. On the other hand, a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages: "Watch out, take stock of your life, don't let your attention get scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't fall into debt. Wait! Retain control over your own life. It will make you stronger."7 Anyway, many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances. Consider your financial well-being as a key ingredient of your university education as money worries are extremely stressful and distracting. They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus on your prime objective: successfully completing your education.8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many schools, community organizations, and even some banks offer financial literacy classes. Consider consulting with your school's financial aid office or seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget. An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs. Most importantly, if you find yourself getting into financial trouble, don't let your ego get in your way; urgently get help with tackling your problem before it spins out of control and lands you in legal troubles.9 All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver. As you learn to balance spending and saving, you will become the captain of your own ship, steering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters.你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑，且有被操纵的感觉？我觉得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相矛盾的。