四六级讲义

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四六级考前点拨高分攻略讲义

四六级考前点拨高分攻略讲义第一部分：关于写作Part Ⅰ写作部分(30minutes)提示：四六级热点作文预测（请同学们结合四六级借鉴考研作文的漫画加分析评述性特点完善和变通自己的文章。

不要死板硬套！）四六级作文大热点话题之一：关于环保和污染治理备注：环境保护已经成为全球刻不容缓的话题。

对于政府及企业来说，重视环保事业，让我们的生存环境变得更好，至关重大。

预测密押实例画面描述：1）有一只宠物狗正带着口罩。

2 ）背景是，严重的雾霾天气。

P1. S1) As is vividly depicted from the above picture，which seems to be astonishing and thought-provoking on second thoughts. S2) The most eye-catching feature in the picture that impresses me profoundly is that incredibly even the pet dog wears a mask to prevent the terrible smog and haze. S3) As a matter of fact, recent years has witnessed a severe air-pollution phenomenon caused by automobile gas emission and industrial exhaust, which will definitely be disastrous to individual survival and personal development.P2 S4) It goes without saying that the problem of hazy weather should be attached great importance to by the government and the consequences should be taken into profound consideration. S5) To account for the above-mentioned air-pollution phenomenon, a couple of severe reasons should be pointed out. S6) On the one hand , the severely polluted air industrial wastes have been pumped into the air, the lakes and rivers and an increasing number of automobiles crowd into the streets and produce the gas emission. S7) On the other hand, the widespread use of plastic bags and coal burning as well as the nationwide construction dust have been pumped into the air from time to time.P3 S8) As a matter of fact, the smog and haze not only does harm to the lungs and noses but also gives rise to horrible traffic accidents. S9) In addition, no issue is as harmful as the environmental deterioration, which will be a potential threat to the survival of human beings that we are unwilling to see. S10) Just according to a recent survey made by one Morning News, more than 40 percent of Chinese cities are suffering from the hazy weather per year.P4 S11) As a result, it is essential that a couple of effective measures should be taken to prevent the environmental pollution. S12) To start with, the local government should take more steps, such as closing the factories which produced too much industrial exhaust, planting more trees and develop more high-tech products so that air quality can be better and the weather can be more agreeable. S13) In addition, the government should severely punish those who destroy the environment intentionally. S14) Last but not least, it is urgent to limit the number of private cars in the urban cities and we should adopt the best technologies with a view to creating moreenergy substitutes instead of the petroleum. S15) Only by the above-mentioned pragmatic measures can we enjoy better health and live a more comfortable life.亮点表达释义：smog and haze 雾霾cause / trigger 造成thought-provoking 发人深思的industrial exhaust 工业废气potential threat 潜在的威胁disastrous 灾难性的witness 见证give rise to 导致with a view to doing sth 旨在做某事.account for 说明（现象、原因、理由等）environmental deterioration 环境恶化预测话题之二：援助那些马路上不熟悉的人是否有必要？Should We Assist those unfamiliar people in need on the roads ?1) 有人认为援助那些不熟悉的人是一种传统美德;2)有人却认为援助不熟悉的人容易被骗，而且可能给自己带来更多麻烦;3) 本人的观点是……（禁止非法出版原创文章；转载请标注出处；尊重原创；自觉远离盗版)(滔滔不绝的四六级预测范文/ 曾受启发源自于春晚小品;社会热点之一)Assisting those unfamiliar people in need on the roads has been a traditional virtue throughout the world. After all, everyone has his own sad day and helping others will be praiseworthy and should be advocated (提倡) among the young people both at home and abroad.As a matter of fact, assisting those in need on the roads will cheer us up and will make us feel delighted and have a strong sense of achievement as well as a sense of glorious mission(使命感) because when offering the free assistance to those in need we may feel that we are really trusted and honored as heroes. However, some people hold different views that we should be more prudent (谨慎的) and more careful to prevent ourselves from being cheated. They insist that helping others may be likely to be cheated. Giving a hand to those unfamiliar people in need often make us step into an unfavorable situation .In addition, it is risky to provide the assistance. For instance, seeing someone being drowned in one river, seeing one old man or woman being tripped over on the road, and so on. Maybe helping others may conversely put us in the unexpected trouble.As far as I am concerned, we should try our best to help those in need. Meanwhile, we should prevent from getting cheated and call the police to ensure whether they are professional liars (骗子) or not. Last but not least, the local government should set up the first-aid centers and shelters to better provide the overall , timely and humanizing assistance and set up the SPECIAL PRIZE for praising those warm - hearted and generous charity donors( 慈善捐赠者) and call on more young people to learn from the donors. Only in this way , can we enjoy a more harmonious and friendlier atmosphere.写作热点话题：关于传统文化流失The above-mentioned vivid cartoon aims at showing us of the severe phenomenon of the terrible loss of traditional culture. (画面描述内容已省略).More often than not, from my own perspective, the reasons which surely contribute to this phenomenon can be shown as follows. To start with, an increasing number of people, especially youngsters, hold that Chinese traditional culture is out-dated and of little use in modern society. Moreover, cultures from foreign countries have posed a great challenge to the traditional culture of China. A large body of people have been attracted by foreign cultures which feature diversity, novelty and richness. However, no one can deny the significance of Chinese traditional culture. It is the crystallization of Chinese’s wisdom. It once played and will continue to be an indispensable role in all aspects of all life.As a matter of fact, some effective measures should be taken to reverse this trend. In the first place, a large-scale educational campaign should be launched to inform the public of the importance of traditional culture. Additionally, when fascinated by foreign cultures, the public should also endeavor to preserve the essence of our own culture. Only in this way can we prevent the trend of traditional culture from disappearing and can we hand down the culture from generation to generation.写作热点话题：如何减少压力和解决压力问题(stress problem)How to reduce and cope with the stressAs a result of the fast development of society, the heated competition of the entire society is more and more intense, causing increasing heavy pressure to both young people and old ones. Stress of study, work and life can exist everywhere, but how can we reduce and deal with it? Here is some valuable advice as follows.To start with, keep good and healthy habits. Good habits will contribute to great health. A healthy body is the precondition(前提条件) to face stress. It’s the least capacity to cope with stress when a person falls ill. Secondly, learn to accept the pressure. The reason why many people can not cope with stress is that they avoid and escape it. Actually, there always is trouble and problems once we chose a path to go, for （由于）almost everything worth doing is not so easy. Thirdly, be active to solve the problem, rather than complain about it. Many people complain about the environment / surroundings and don’t plan to seek the effective solutions when confronted with problems. As a matter of fact, complaint can do nothing but only let you down(让人失望). As long as the problem is not solved, the pressure can never disappear. Fourthly, tell others your pressure and get help from them. Lots of pressure can’t be solved by our own and the rational way is talking the pressure to workmates or friends to get help from them. But we shouldn’t intend to put pressure to others but to seek help and support to solve problems.Of course, there also are some other ways to cope with stress, such as, readjusting life goals and expectation, playing games to relax, even shopping or eating. In addition, a positive and healthy attitude can help us deal with the problem that gives rise to stress. All in all, only by theabove solutions can we reduce and cope with the stress.四六级热点作文预测: 关于网购（请同学们结合四六级借鉴考研作文的漫画加分析评述性特点完善和变通自己的文章。

文都教育07大学英语四六级讲义_四级写作

文都教育：大学英语四六级讲义——四级写作（下）第四节题型分析在本节中我们将以题型为依据进行分析讲解，以掌握各种题目的写作方法与技巧。

下面就按照题型不同，分别进行讨论。

一、图表图画题型（）表格和图表题型表格和图表题型是大学英语写作中较为常见的题型之一，也是难度较大的一种写作题型，故大家应对此类题型加强练习，熟练掌握。

表格和图表题型写作注意事项●仔细研究题目以及提示信息，看准、看清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定容层次以及主题句。

●仔细观察分析图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要，最有代表性，最核心的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息,切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息。

●表格和图表题型写作一般采用一般现在时，但如果图表给出了具体时间参照，则应对时态进行相应的调整。

●表格和图表题型要求考生使用一些固定句型和表达法，大家应对此融会贯通。

●表格和图表题型可以细分为表格，曲线图、柱形图和圆形图。

除了上述共同要点，还应弄懂这四种图在写作方面的各自特点。

✓表格形式要求考生对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。

✓曲线图形式要求考生仔细观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。

✓柱形图形式要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，故考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。

✓圆形图形式旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的圆形图所传达的信息。

考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。

●列出各段的主题句。

考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开铺平道路。

●严格围绕主题句展开段落。

●检查与修改。

表格与图表写作的检查与修改应着重检查文章中所列举的信息是否与图表所显示的信息一致。

表格和图表题型写作中常用的核心句型归纳如下：. ,…. .... ,.... （ \ \ \ ）.... （\ \ ）…. （\ \ ）（\ \\\\）（.\\\）. . （\ \）（...在不断地增加，减少，上升，下降） . （\\\）（\\\\） … . — （ —\ \ , — ）其它常用表达 : 介绍图表 , ... … ! …..., ..., ... …, …, … 统计数据的表达方法 ..., ……..., …, ..., ..., …, ... ... ..., ... 数据变化的表达方法 ... ...开头和结尾的常用句型. … … :… .一般图表作文的特征主要体现在第一段，该段的任务是描述图表同时点明图表所要表达的主题或说明的问题，如：（） ... , （）（）, . （）大家看下面的实例，注意体会图表作文的写作特点：实例年月真题:.2468101214161820199019952000Year. 上图所示为年、年、年某校大学生事业计算机的情况，请描述其变化；. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

王菲四六级写作模板班讲义

第一部分：五种特殊写作类型的三段论类型一：现象解释型类型二：问题解决型类型三：对比观点型类型四：引语类类型五：漫画/ 图表类第二部分：“三八大盖”八种功能段八大功能段一：现象/ 问题描述功能段1. In recent years, … is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.中文：近年来，……越来越流行。

（现象描述功能句）套用练习In recent years, Internet is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.2. … has attracted extensive attention of the society, which can be found in TV programs, newspapers, university classes and many aspects of our everyday life.中文：当今，……得到了社会的广泛关注，并可以在…被发现。

（现象描述功能句）套用练习Over package has attracted extensive attention of the society, which can be found in TV programs, newspapers, university classes and many aspects of our everyday life.3. Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problems is ……中文：随着社会的发展，越来越多的问题已经得到关注，其中最严重的是…（问题描述功能句）套用练习Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problem is the shortage of global water.4. It is generally agreed that the…has been playing an increasingly important role in our life, which has brought us a lot of benefits but has triggered some enormous problems as well．One of the serious troubles facing us at present is…（问题描述功能句）中文：人们一致认为，……已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。

大学英语四六级作文高分讲义

大学英语四六级作文高分讲义四、六级改革后，作文出题方式基本沿袭以往稳健、成熟的出题风格。

以下给大家讲述一下作文应试的战略性理论以及得分技巧即战术操作。

博弈写作考试就好像一次“博弈”。

在写作考试中，考生是真正拥有最多信息的人，考官仅仅只能被动地接受你所给的信息。

所以，作文中遣词造句时请切记两点：一、“不会说的”处理；二、经典句的应用得分技巧分析四、六级作文在准备和对策上基本一致，因为两者评分标准基本一致(除了字数上的差距：四级120词、六级150词)。

英语考试的作文大多可分为：1、正反论证；2、原因现象描述类；3、图表；4、名言谚语。

所谓的书信作文，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。

作文得分技巧总结：1、卷面整洁，书写清楚2、构思简单，少犯错误3、中心突出，层次分明4、固定经典，名言注目5、重在变化，宁简勿滥下面就对以上5点在应试作文中的应用展开具体说明：第一、卷面整洁，书写清楚。

由于写作属于主观题型，故考官将依据主观印象进行评判。

卷面的好坏将在第一时间冲击考官对你作文的印象。

所以，建议各位考生先想清楚后动笔，减少涂改几率，让考官能清楚无误地看清你答卷的内容。

另外，新的四、六级考试中会有部分考区的试卷被扫描至电脑，这些考区的考官将会在电脑前批阅作文，因此考生们最好使用黑色水笔做答，以保证扫描效果。

写作的格式有两种：齐头式(full block form)和缩进式(indented form)。

采用齐头式，要求所有段落的首行都在左边顶格，段落中间空行。

缩进式要求每段首行缩进4~5个字母。

第二、构思简单，少犯错误。

请大家一定记住，作文只在考核他们的语言表达能力。

避免犯错误。

（思维。

标点，时态一致，单复数，结构。

6分原则。

写完后的检查）第三、中心突出，层次分明。

从近几年的四级考试作文看来，尽管实用性提高了，但行文大多可以套用“中心句＋1、2、3”模式。

即每段第一句是topic sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲，后面的1、2、3是衔接词，每个1、2、3后接分支观点。

四六级语法讲义

四级语法讲义一：时态：，就是时间+状态。

谓语动词的时态见下表：1．主动形式2．被动形式❖CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。

❖时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up withthe others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。

(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）❖感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be ma de to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to doforce sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to;look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; beopposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。

刘彬四六级vip讲义_阅读、写作30页

形容词后面一般接名词 c. There were some bad _____. （形容词后面一般跟名词，而且此时是复数形式）
介词短语结构： d. without guides or even _____ bookings（介词短语中不能出现谓语动词，此时 bookings
是名词，应该找个形容词性的单词）
make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is
the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from
For both 50-minute scans, the volunteers had a cell phone ___fixed__ to each ear.（have sth done：）
3、注意事项：
1） 2）
3)
2010 年 6 月四级真题
When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled
空前、空后都是形容词：并列关系 f. To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nation’s largest ______ hunger-relief organization, has chosen September as Hunger Action Month.（前后都是形容词词，中间要填进去的也是形容词）

英语四六级冲刺讲义

英语四六级冲刺讲义：Part I Writing (30 minutes) 样式一Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of My View on Studying Overseas at an Early Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outlinegiven below:1.近年来很多中国父母在孩子很小的时候就把他们送到国外读书2.对此人们的观点不一3.我的看法样式二Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition commenting on remark “Practice Makes Perfect”. You can cite an example to illustrate the point. You should write atleast 150 words but no more than 200 words.样式三Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Changes in the Ownership of Houses in China. You should write at least 150 words and you should base yourcomposition on the graph and outline below.0%20%40%60%80%100%1950’s1970’s1990’sstate-ownedprivate1. 请描述图表中房屋产权的变化。

启航大学公共英语四六级写作讲义

启航大学公共英语四六级强化讲义目录第一章写作一、大纲解读与考题分析二、写作高分技巧三、练习题第二章快速阅读一、大纲解读与考题分析二、快速阅读高分技巧三、练习题第三章听力理解一、大纲解读二、考题分析与高分技巧三、练习题第四章阅读理解一、大纲解读二、考题分析与高分技巧三、练习题第五章完形填空一、大纲解读与考题分析二、完形填空高分技巧三、练习题第六章翻译一、大纲解读与考题分析二、翻译高分技巧三、练习题第七章四级高频词汇第八章四级听力对话必背词汇及短语第一章写作一、大纲解读与话题分析（一）题型介绍写作（Writing）部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。

写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。

考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。

写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。

（二）考核的语言技能及要求A. 思想表达1. 表达中心思想2. 表达重要或特定信息3. 表达观点、态度等B. 篇章组织4. 围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点5. 连贯地组句成段，组段成篇C. 语言运用6. 运用恰当的词汇7. 运用正确的语法8. 运用合适的句子结构9. 使用正确的标点符号10. 运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等）D. 写作格式11. 运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。

能掌握基本的写作技能。

”（三）写作话题分析1.校园生活类关于校园生活类的题材共有17篇，分别在：2010年6月、2009年12月、2008年6月、2007年12月、2006年6月17日（旧题型）、2006年6月24日（新题型）、2005年6月、2004年12月、2004年6月、2003年12月、2002年6月、2002年1月、2001年6月、2000年6月、2000年1月、1999年6月。

大学英语四六级基础班讲义(语法)

2012年CET-4基础班讲义目录1.基础知识梳理2.从句（形容词性从句，名词性从句）3.倒装4.非谓语动词结构5.语态和时态6.虚拟— 1 —第一部分基础知识梳理在讲之前，我们先来梳理一下高中的基础知识，这些知识是我们攻克CET-4的根本。

这个根本就是词。

其实，词这个概念和我们每个人一样具有双重属性：1. 是什么？也就是词性的问题，（就像一个人是谁一样）；2. 能做什么？也就是功能的问题，能够充当那些成分，（即一个人在这个社会中所能够充当的角色），而且这个词所在的位置不同，充当的成分也不同，正如一个人在不同的群体中，所能充当的成分不同一样。

下面，我们通过下面的表格来看一下英语中的几大词汇：从这个表中，各位能够发现那些问题或者说现象呢？1.为什么动词要放在第一的位置？2.名词可以做定语，状语和补语？（是否可以举例说明）3.分词和名词的在句子中所作地成分为什么是相同的？为什么？（英语中那一部分可以说明这一点）4.介词和连词是干什么的？从表格看来，它们似乎并不起到任何作用。

— 2 —从上面的表格中，我们来看一下，有哪些词可以充当定语。

1.名词： a pencil case2.形容词：an interesting book, something wrong3.代词：his mother, this way, which room, what color, whose bag（有哪些代词呢？）4.分词： a swimming pool, a broken bus5.I have something to do. 这句话中的不定式是什么？从以上这些例子里面，大家可以发现哪些问题？1.定语的充当词性不再是只有形容词2.定语的位置？（一定在所修饰的词的前面吗？）下面我们来看一个句子，这是一个定语从句：Eg.:I enjoy the book that / which /--- you gave to me the other day.从这个句子我们可以发现什么问题？（定语从句的本质是什么？为什么会有三个不同的引导词？）— 3 —第二部分从句（形容词性从句，名词性从句）一．形容词性从句（定语从句）1.定义：在复合句中用作定语的句子叫做定语从句，因为定语一般由形容词来充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词性从句。

大学英语四六级语法讲义

大学英语四六级语法讲义一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。

2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词。

3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词。

（1）主句的辨识：谓语动词（2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束（3）介词短语：B.从介词开始到动名词结束C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束）动名词（doing）to do动词不定式（非谓语动词：（4））ing现在分词（do e）过去分词（don4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基础，断开主句和从句。

·长难句划分的具体步骤：【第一步】断开主句和从句通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。

）在进行第一步的时候注意以下5 种情况：如果动词前没有任何（落单的）连词，那么该动词应该是主句的谓语。

1如果动词前有两个或两个以上的连词，那么动词和连词的匹配遵守就近原则。

2如果动词比连词多两个或两个以上，说明有连词省略了或者把过去分词错当3成谓语动词。

切割嵌套的从句：从句往往从连词开始到从句中的第二个谓语动词出现之前4结束。

有些词既可以是连词，也可以具有别的词性5例如：that：既可以是连词，也可以是代词或者限定词；than、before、after、until 等既可以是连词也可以是介词【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词二、总结复习句子的主要成分1、主语（1）定义：主语是动作的发出者。

四六级讲座讲稿ppt(1)

问题解决型作文模板
1. With the development/improvement of ——,——. 2. It is necessary that——. 3. On the one hand, ——. 4. On the other hand, —— 5. Therefore, how to —— is worth paying attention. 6.Firstly—— 7.Secondly—— 8.For example,—— 9. Thirdly, ——. 10.In other words,—— 11.In fact, ways to —— are countless. 12.It’s time that —— 1．空格一处铺垫，空格二处填写某一问题。 2．关注解决现象引出的问题很必要。 3．解决问题很必要的理由一。 4．解决问题很必要的理由二。
三段式作文的结构安排
题型第一段第二段第三段
现象解描述现象释型
说明现象产生的原因
表明个人态度或阐述个人做法
表明个人态度或阐述个人做法表明个人态度或阐述个人做法得出结论或表明个人看法或做法
对比选表明一方或表明另一方的观点及择型双方由的观理由，指出双方观点点及理不足之处及理由问题解提出问题决型观点论提出论点证型分析问题，给出解决方案例证论点
5．承上启下，填要解决的问题。 6. 解决办法一。 7 解决办法二。 8. 举例解释解决办法二。 9. 解决办法三样。 12. 强调解决问题时不可待。
• 2004年1月真题：Reduce Waste on Campus • With the improvement of living standard, waste on campus is increasingly serious. It is necessary that something should be done to reduce waste on campus. On the one hand, our waste has already caused a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity. On the other hand, our waste adds our parents as well as our society a burden. • Therefore, how to eliminate waste on campus is worth paying attention. Firstly, we should turn off the light when we leave our dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible. Secondly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or wash clothes and dishes. For example, we should use a basin when we clean faces. Thirdly, we should be economical. In other words, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need. • In fact, the ways to reduce waste on campus are countless. It’s time that we cultivate the habit of thrift in every possible way.

四六级语法讲义考研资料

四六级语法讲义主讲老师：薛非语法的意义读得懂做得出写得对一、句子成分主语——subject某人/某物谓——verb做某事/某状态宾——object对某人/某物补/表——complement怎么样了定——attribute什么样的状——adverbial时间/地点/原因/方式……二、英语成分对应表主（S）动作主体：n,pron,doing,to do谓（V）动作本身：do,did,does宾（O）动作受体：n,pron,doing,to do补（C）补充说明：adj,n,prep phr,doing,done,to do 定修饰名词：adj,n,prep phr,doing,done,to do状修饰所有：adv,prep phr,doing,done,to do三、五大基本句型SV He died.SVO I love you.SVOO I gave him a book.SVOC Love makes one blind.SVC He married young.You are beautiful.四、并列句并列句必须有衔接——连词相同成分可以省略——完整两分句的地位相同——对仗Many parents’ideas are outdated,and therefore cannot understand why there children admire the stars.Its scientists were the world’s best;its workers the most skilled.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness;affection weakness;thrift avarice.五、句型扩大——复合句复合句只不过是连接手段——连词名词从句：名词复合句用句子充当一个词——替代定语从句：形容词复合句各分句地位不同——爷俩好状语从句：副词（1）宾语从句连接词意义成分连接that××陈述句If/whether√×一般疑问句What,which,who,whose,when,where,how,why√√特殊疑问句He said it.He love the girl.He said(that)he loved the girl.He did not say it.Did he love the girl?He did not say if he love d the girl.He did not say it.Which girl did he love?He did not say which girl he love d.He made it a rule.All students in his class should learn English every day. He made that all students in his class should learn English every day a rule. He made it a rule that all students in his class should learn English every day.（2）主语从句连接词意义成分连接that××陈述句whether√×一般疑问句What,which,who, whose,when,where, how,why √√特殊疑问句Is he alive or not?It remains a mystery.Whether he is alive or not remains a mystery.What caused the accident?It is still under investigation.What caused the accident is still under investigation.名词性从句中不缺少主语，宾语或表语时，用that引导。

四六级讲座资料最终版

三、翻译范例中国菜系粤菜的特点是烹调方法多以蒸、煮、炒为主。

菜肴清淡，不像其他菜系的菜那样辣。

由于夏季较长，广州人喜爱清淡提神的海鲜。

只有在冬天他们才吃油脂多、味道重的食物。

川菜以油、辣而著称。

鲁菜历史悠久，很受欢迎。

由于中国北部冬天长，蔬菜少，山东的大厨善于制作高热量高蛋白的菜肴。

苏菜融合了北方菜和南方菜的特点。

既有高蛋白的菜肴，又有湖鱼、海鲜、精致的点心。

Guangdong cuisine is characterized by its cooking methods: mostly steaming, boil-ing, and stir-frying. Dishes are light in taste; not as spicy as those of other cuisines. Due to the long summer, Guangdong people prefer light and refreshing seafood. Only in the winter do they eat fatty and strongly-flavored foods. Sichuan cuisine is known for its oily and spicy taste. Shandong cuisine has a long history and wide popularity. Due to the long duration of winter and a short-age of vegetables in north China, Shan-dong cooks are skilled at making high-calorie and high-protein dishes. Jiangsu cuisine has combined the characteristics of both northern and southern cuisines. It has both high-protein dishes, and lake fish, seafood and exquisite refreshments.四、高分写作词汇1.abide by=be faithful to 缺席，不在2.absence of mind=being absent-mind 心不在焉3.be absorbed/engrosses/rapt in 全神贯注于4.be abundant in/be well supplied with 富于5.of one’s own accord 自愿地6.on one’s own account 因某人的缘故，为了自己的利益7.on no account=in no case=for no reason 绝不要（放句首句子倒装）8.be accustomed to=be in habit of 习惯于9.be acquainted with 熟悉（to have knowledge of）了解(to have met socially)10.adapt/adjust oneself to 使自己适应11.adhere to=conform to=insist on=comply with 贴附，坚持，遵循12.take advantage of=make best use of 利用13.allow for=take into consideration/account 考虑，估计到14.amount to=to be equal to 总计，等于15.answer for 对…负责（undertake responsibility for/be liable for /take charge for）16.appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人呼吁17.arise from=be caused by 由…引起18.arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事19.assure sb of sth 向…保证，使…确信20.make an attempt at doing sth 试图做21.attribute to 把…归因于22.on the average 平均23.at one’s back 支持，有…作后台24.attend to 注意，照顾25.on behalf of 代表26.for the better 好转for the benefit of 为了…利益27.by birth 论出身，按血统28.in blossom 开花29.be based on 基于on the basis of 根据，在…基础上30.boast of/about 吹嘘31.out of breath 喘不过气来32.in brief 简而言之33.take the floor 起立发言34.but for =without 要不是，表示假设35.be capable of 能够，有能力36.conceive of 想象，设想37.in that=because 因为now that= since 既然for all that=although 尽管on condition that=if 假如38.be cautious of 谨防39.be certain of 有把握，确定40.round the clock 昼夜不停地ment on 评论mit oneself to 使自己承担commit sb to prison把某人送进监狱Commit one’s idea to writing 把…的想法写下来pare with 把…与…比较compare to 把…比作44.keep company with 和…要好pensate for 赔偿五、四六级作文常用句型（1）分析原因常用句型①The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing…For another…（原因如下，一方面……另一方面……）②What has contributed to this problem? In the first place…In the secondplace…（是什么导致了这个问题？第一……第二）③It is no easy to identify the reason for…which involve several complicated factors.（要找出……的原因并不容易，这涉及到几个复杂的因素。

何凯文四六级讲义三

2011年文都大学英语四六级冲刺讲义主讲人北京外国语大学何凯文一．Listening Comprehension：Part 1 .Short Conversation几种思维1．主题思维：上文提到一件事情（用一般疑问句进行提问），这就是对话主题。

下文是肯定或者是否定的回答。

掌握肯定和否定的表达方法。

2．否定思维：评价性否定；事实性否定；邀请性否定3．听到什么不选什么的思维：安全感的获得例题：Eg1. A) Taking photographs .B) Enhancing images.C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures.听力原文： W: Do you let people know when you're taking pictures of them?M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person who poses for thecamera would look dull and unnatural.Q: What are the speakers talking about?Eg2 . A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center.C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter.听力原文：M: Excuse me, do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay the parking meter.W: I'm sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in theshopping center across the street.Q: What is the man trying to do?Eg3 .A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child.C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl.听力原文：M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like?W: I'd suggest this toy train, sir. It's an excellent brand, very popular allover the world these days.Q: What is the man doing?Eg4. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.B) He can provide little useful iformantion.C) He will show the woman around Baltimore.D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.听力原文W: I need to talk to someone w ho knows Baltimore well. I'm told you lived there.M: Oh, but I was really young at the time.Q: What does the man mean?Eg5. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious.C) He can’t face up to the situation. D ) He knows his own limitations.15.W: Aren't you disappointed that you didn't get the promotion?M: Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience before I'm ready for that kind of responsibility.Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation?Eg6. A) She bought a new set of furniture from Italy last month.B) She sold all her furniture before she moved house.C) She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement.D) She still keeps some old furniture in her new house.听力原文：M: Did you really give away all your furniture when you moved into the new house last month?W: Just the useless pieces, as I’m planning to purchase a new set from Italy for the sitting room only.Q: What does the woman mean?Eg7.A) He has got a heart attack. B) He was badly hurt.C) He was unharmed. D) He has fully recovered from the shock.听力原文：W: Were you hurt in the accident?M: I was shocked at the time, but wasn't hurt at all. My bike was totallydamaged though.Q: What do we know about the man?Eg8. A) John Smith isn't in right now.B) John Smith can't come to the phone right now.C) John Smith doesn't want to speak to the caller.D) The caller dialed the wrong number.Part 2.long conversation一、抓住首尾句【预览选项】[A] To go sightseeing.[B] To have meetings.[C] To promote a new champagne.[D] To join in a training program.【边听边选】M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. How’s your trip to the states?W: Very busy, [19]I had a lot of meetings. …19. Why did the woman go to New York?二、留意对话中的一问一答【预览选项】[A] Data collection. [B] Training consultancy.[C] Corporate management.[D] Information processing.【边听边选】W: What’s your line of business, Mr. Johnson?M: We are a training consultancy.25. What is the man’s line of business?Part 3.Passages【预览选项】29. A) Michael’s parents got divorced. B) Karen was adopted by Ray Anderson.C) Karen’s mother died in a car accident .D) A truck driver lost his life in a collision.【边听边选】The impact of the collision killed Karen’s mother instantly, but she was lefttrapped in the burning car.【预览选项】A) Kevin is nine years old B) Kevin is handsomeC) Kevin is single D) Kevin is lack of efficiency【边听边选】二．Fast reading：考察能力：定位能力；答案特征：原文重现和同意替换；尽量用原文回答：1．German chemicals giant BASF saves ￡200 million a year by ___________.A) recycling heat and energy B) setting up factories in ChinaC) using the newest technology D) reducing the CO2 emissions of its plantsAt the BASF, such recycling of heat and energy saves the company ￡200 milliona year and almost half its CO2 emissions.2.How much of the power consumed by incandescent bulbs is converted into light?A) A small portion. B) Some 40 percent.C) Almost half. D) 75 to 80 percent.Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world’s electricity, or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day. Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs—a 19th-century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted heat.3. The strongest incentives for energy conservation will derive from __________The most powerful incentives, of course, will come from the market itself. 三．Writing：内容；结构；语言；内容预测：参见何凯文博客：.cn/wdhekaiwen或QQ空间：7新浪微博：何凯文结构预测：两种结构的文章：正反观点对立型和社会热点型文章；语言预测：常见句型表达；开头句式背景句:1.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to … some people tend to have a favorable attitude toward…While, others have an unpleasant association with…2. Recently, the issue of ...... has been brought into public focus.近来，_______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。

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四六级屡考不过的原因————————————————解决方案一，缺乏总结，盲目复习———————————————根据自身制定正确的学习方法，将问题细化，分析每个单项的得分。

（稍后解释）二，硬实力太弱，过分依赖解题技巧——————————熟记核心词汇（七分靠实力，三分靠技巧）必须的三，心态，有心理负担，焦虑情绪严重—————————提高实力增加信心，调整心态坦然面对总方案：严格按照时间做完练习之后，反复研究真题，平均5-6天研究一套，并且自己要制定计划，经常复习。

同时，希望大家先以近期考试真题为主，时间充许的情况下，再做更早一点时间的。

词汇记忆规则1，不要背单词书2，牛人都喜欢小卡片，用零散时间背单词4，结合语境记忆活学活用背单词不如背词组被词组不如背句子平日里做题时，尤其是阅读题，我们会发现题目中有一些就有好的句子，好的用法，把它们记下来，积少成多，也会有很大的收获，还可以提高写作，（背范文中的高级句型，最直接！最有效！）5，记单词也级发音助于单词拼写，还有益于听力。

总结：有以上几条，总结出一种方法，在小卡片上写上单词的词组用法，句子，或者阅读中碰到的好词好句，多背多读，每天重复复习。

如果还想提高写作，就要多用，多写些好句子了。

写作三种类型：一，观点对比选其(2007-6做好事要不要求回报,2009-6名字重不重要,2009-12对孩子参加艺术班的看法)二，现象解释（2010-6忽略中文学习现象,2006-6西方节日，2006-12越来越多的人选择出游的现象解释和影响,2007-12数字化产品对人们生活影响，2006-12阅读书籍）三，问题解决（热门话题，校园，生活，工作，社,2008-12大学心理，2005-12decline-谢绝 a job offer）可以看出这些话题都是有话可说的，与我们生活息息相关。

四级 2007-12 不同人选择了不同选修课，现象描述2006-6 选选课老师时所考虑的因素，以及这种方案实施会带来的好处与不如意的地方。

写作写作的过程当中，要注意这样几条高分策略。

字迹清楚，段落明朗（clear）：字体不要太大，也不要太小，另外，大小要一致，不要忽大忽小；字母的倾斜方向要一致，总之，要给阅卷人清楚、工整的感觉。

段落一般为三段，采用段首缩进式，即每段开头空4至8个字母的格，每段段首缩进的量要一致，要让阅卷人一目了然。

（幼圆体的介绍）内容完整，紧扣提纲（complete）：分三段，即使题目中给的要点是两段，自己也要三段（2007年12月六级作文题，最后一段写总结，表达自己的看法）首保正确，再求闪光（correct）：不要有语法错误。

同义词的替换，eg，表达一个事物的重要性的时候，第一个反应在脑子里的词汇，最好不要用，因为这个单词很有可能是important，crucial，critical，vital，significant，main。

还有一种是副词形容词的变换。

不要只会说，increase，还有increasing，increasingly。

形容数字上升的时候，还可以用growing，a growing number of。

尤其是副词的应用，因为副词可以修饰副词，形容词，甚至是一个句子。

平时阅读的时候可以注意下引用这方面的词汇。

表达观点的时候，常用到think，我们可以用哪些词来替换呢：：：Maintain，believe，consider，some one argues that，insist，claim，原因：as，since ，for，thanks to，be due to结果：therefor，hence，thus，as a result，consequently但是：but however yet nevertheless，conversely，on the contrary递进：besides，what is more，moreover，in addition。

总结：in a brief，overall，in short，to sum up，to conclude复杂句要有几个：1，非限定性定于从句，2，插入语——on the contrary3，Not only…but also4，It be+过去分词+that eg.it is believed that 强调客观性5，倒装句，6，It is hign time for sb to do sth/that sb should do sth7，强调句it is 什么that 帮助我们解决了生存问题举例：forexample，for instance，such as=namely。

/blog/static/49344131201022794441481/英语六级作文必备词组/blog/static/4934413120102267286241/英语六级必备短语四级的我下载了一些补充，数据的变化如何描述：上升：grow rise reach a peak ,to soar,to upsurge(急剧增长),shoot up下降：to fall，to decline/decrease。

Go down。

Reach a low point。

平稳：to level off（持平，变化不大）To keep steady。

To be hardly changed。

上下波动：to fluctuateRose slightly at the start of the year。

But collapsed in Frebruary start to fall steadily，dropping back to their spring level，by the end of theNovemberLead to a slightly recovery先总后分，连词用上（coherent）：段落的结构和连贯性的问题。

英语文章特别喜欢先总后分或开门见山的格局，另外，段落之间和句子之间的形式连接手段特别明显，即关联词用的很多。

在写作的时候，几乎就是把给出的三点提纲作为每段的开头句，然后再加上两三个扩展句即理由或例证句就可以了。

当然有时候为了论证自然或扩展字数也可以加上一点铺垫的句子。

如2009年6月真题作文开头一句既可以是Some people claim that names are of great importance. 也可以是There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not. 然后再说Some hold the positive view.后面再加上两三句论证的话。

论证句或扩展句之间最好有连接词，如First, Second, Besides, Also, Similarly, In the same way, However等等。

接下来重点说下，每段中心句的写作。

其实就是提纲的翻译Eg 2007-121，如今数字化产品得到了越来越广泛的使用，例如。

Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced digital technology ，more and more digital products are commonly and widely used in daily life，ranging from computers andMP4s。

翻译考察词组+语法Produce sbMultimediaLingualMultilingualBilingualMono这个孕妇难产难产——有困难生小孩考察词组：have difficulty in give birth to a babyThe women have difficulty in giving birth to a baby最后校正主谓一致（一般现在时表示习惯，要改成过去时had）常见考点：一虚拟语气1与现在事实相反，活不太可能实现的。

If+did，would doIf I won five million yuan，I would buy a village。

2 be——were与过去345阅读理解大学英语四级考试和大学英语六级考试的阅读理解通常分成五种大题型：主旨题，细节题，猜词题，推论题和作者观点态度题。

将五种题型的基本解题方法，破解思路不断在练习中运用，才能发挥作用。

（1）主旨题包括三种题型：中心思想，最佳标题，写作目的。

常见的出题模式为What's the main idea of this passage? What is the purpose of ……? The best title / th e most appropriate title is ……？虽然题型不同，但解题思路是一致的，方法也是相通的，通常可以采用“重要句解题法”(首段首句、末段末句、二段一句、各段首末句)、“段落大意相加法”、“题干推论法”等。

需要注意的是主旨题的设题位置往往是第一题或最后一题，而且选项答案通常比较抽象。

（2）细节题承载了考试的主要考题，主要考查考生的细致与敏感。

主要通过题干关键词的定位寻找文章的对应出题点，然后比较选项得出答案。

（3）推论题的常见模式是What can you infer from this passage? 或What does this passage imply? 推论题的答案往往不是原文某句话的照搬与照抄，而是原文某句话的同义改写或某几句话的总结与归纳，与原文一模一样的答案不能入选。

因此了解句子的基本意思，挖掘潜在内涵就是解题的关键，至于句子基本意思的理解在第一个境界中已经阐述。

（4）猜词题包括词汇理解，句子理解和指代理解三种形式。

这种题型并不是考查考生的单词量，而是培养考生能够利用句子之间的关系以及上下文的联系推测某个词、句、代词的含义。

通常解题利用代入法，参考“词性、用法、褒贬色彩”三“一致原则”，而往往不选该单词最基本的意思，深刻或抽象意思才可能是答案。

（5）作者观点态度题相对比较简单，通常作者的态度和观点都会在文章的开头或结尾呈现，当然不能完全排除作者在通篇文中有观点转换的可能，一般来说考生掌握常见的观点态度词就行，例如：objective, optimistic, impersonal, neutral, positive等。

参考资料：沪江英语5|评论听力听写在复合听写部分，灵活的使用听力笔记可以极大地提高三个句子的准确率，提高记录的效率，充分利用考试的时间间隔进行检查，从而提高复合听写的得分。