Le Corbusier

5) La Chapelle de Ronchamp, France, 1950-53
Corbusier’s later works is that they are no longer prototypes for a ‘future architecture’ and hence independent of any specific site; rather they are unrepeatable, individual creations. The Pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame-du-Haut at Ronchamp is a highly specific sculptural creation which derives from its place and socio-religious function and represents a wealth of novel general and particular aspects.
Practice
1) the Mansion Dom-ino，1914 ，
2) the Villa Savoye，France, 1928-30 Savoye， 1928-
The Villa Savoye shows a rich variety of interior and exterior spaces achieved by means of doubleheight rooms, galleries and ramps with views into the interior as well as ‘framed views’ to looking out, all expressions of a genuine luxury in architecture which is conceived as a ‘machine for living in’.
3. Corbusier’s Ideas
1) He was a restless salesman of his reform ideas.
In 1920, he began his activity as a publicist in a periodical E’esprit nouveau. And in 1923 he published his book Vers une Architecture. In the book, he formulated the famous definition of architecture as “the house is a machine for living in” and it should be as practically constructed as a typewriter to express his “machine aesthetic”. In 1926, he expressed his architectural principle in the “Five points for a new architecture”: the pilotis, roof terraces, free plan, continuous window strips and free façade composition.
From 1928 to 1930, he designed the Villa Savoye at Poissy, which has become a monument of modern architecture. From 1930 to 1932, he designed Pavillion Suisse, Cite Universitaire in Paris, which enhanced the development of Brutalism. He was hardly involved at all in the post-war reconstruction in Paris, but his post-war work was in no way inferior in its creative power to that of the pioneering years and was to be more influential, including Unite d’ Habitation, Marseilles finished in 1952, La Chapelle de Ronchamp finished in 1953 and the Monastery of Ste Marie-de-la-Tourette finished in 1960.
3) Focusing on form
Especially in the post-war period, he paid more and more attention to architectural forms and completed several individual and sculptural creations.
the‘Modular’concept
2) Paying attention to urban problems
He worked out many urban planning schemes, first for Paris and then for some large cities outside France. He believed that an absolute authority over land and finances can ignore historical developments, that traffic takes priority, that the life of a person can be fulfilled by the planned ordering of places of production, administration, apartment houses and sports facilities, and that a modern metropolis of a million inhabitants requires a visibly monumental expression.
His design of the United Nations Building in New York in 1950 was refused, but that was the prototypes for numerous office buildings throughout the world in the 1950s and 1960s. After that he began to pursue changes to realize his design outside France and succeeded in Chandigarh, India. After that he got more chances to design in other countries, such as Japan and America.
In 1922, he exhibited the Maison Citrohan----a simple box carried on pilotis.
In 1925, he designed the Esprit Nouveau Pavilion at an exhibition in Paris, and then in 1927 two houses at the Weibenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart. He took part in the competitions for the Palace of the League of Nations(1927) in Geneva and for the palace of the Soviets in Moacow(1931).
II Le Corbusier (1887-1965 ) (18871. Brief introduction
1) Le Corbusier was the pseudonym of CharlesEdouard-Jeanneret. 2) He was the most brilliant and the most influential of 20century architects, of a fertility of formal invention to be compared only with Picasso’s. 3) In the absence of an academic education, he developed his practical and artistic skills as a mental engraver, and on study trip around Europe.
2. Experience
He worked in Perret’s office in Paris from 1908 to 1909, then in that of Behrens in Berlin from 1910 to 1911. From 1914 to 1915, he worked out a building type adapted to industrial production naned the Maison Dom-ino, the prototype for series productions. In 1917, he went to Paris and was influenced by Cubism and Purism paintise, Cite Universitaire, Paris, 1930-32 1930-
4) Unite d’Habitation, Marseilles, 19461946-52