THE STATE OF THE WELDING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA
机械设计制造与自动化专业英语翻译
Unit 1 Metals金属The use of metals has always been a key factor in the development of the social systems of man. Of the roughly 100 basic elements of which all matter is composed, about half are classified as metals. The distinction between a metal and a nonmetal is not always clear-cut. The most basic definition centers around the type of bonding existing between the atoms of the element, and around the characteristics of certain of the electrons associated with these atoms. In a more practical way, however, a metal can be defined as an element which has a particular package of properties.Metals are crystalline when in the solid state and, with few exceptions (e.g. mercury), are solid at ambient temperatures. They are good conductors of heat and electricity and are opaque to light. They usually have a comparatively high density. Many metals are ductile-that is, their shape can be changed permanently by the application of a force without breaking. The forces required to cause this deformation and those required to break or fracture a metal are comparatively high, although, the fracture forces is not nearly as high as would be expected from simple consideration of the forces required to tear apart the atoms of the metal.One of the more significant of these characteristics from our point of view is that of crystallinity. A crystalline solid is one in whichthe constituent atoms are located in a regular three-dimensional array as if they were locatedat the corners of the squares of a three-dimensional chessboard. The spacing of the atoms in the array is of the same order as the size of the atoms, the actual spacing being a characteristic of the particular metal. The directions of the axes of the array define the orientation of the crystal in space. The metals commonly used in engineering practice are composed of a large number of such crystals,在人类社会的发展中，金属的应用起着关键性的作用。
焊接工艺英文文献怎么写
焊接工艺英文文献怎么写Abstract： Welding technology is widely used in various industries, and the quality of welding directly affects the performance and safety of the welded structure. Therefore, it is necessary to study and improve welding technology. This article discusses the writing of English literature on welding technology, includingthe introduction, experimental design, experimental results and analysis, and conclusion.1.Introduction The introduction should provide a brief overview of theresearch topic and the significance of the study. It should clearly state theresearch objectives and research questions. In the case of welding technology, the introduction can briefly introduce the importance of welding in variousindustries and the potential problems and challenges that exist in currentwelding technology.2.Experimental Design The experimental design section should describethe methodology and procedure used in the study. It should provide detailed information on the welding materials, equipment, and parameters. The section should also explain the experimental setup and any modifications made to the standard welding process. The purpose of this section is to allow others toreplicate the experiment and validate the results.3.Experimental Results and Analysis In this section, the experimentalresults should be presented and analyzed in a clear and concise manner. Tables, graphs, and figures can be used to illustrate the findings. The section shouldalso include a discussion of the results, comparing them to previous studies or industry standards. Any deviations or unexpected results should be explained and possible reasons should be provided.4.Conclusion The conclusion section summarizes the key findings of thestudy and provides recommendations or suggestions for further research. Itshould restate the research objectives and answer the research questions. The conclusion should also discuss the implications of the findings for the field of welding technology and highlight any practical applications or improvements that can be made.In conclusion, writing an English literature on welding technology requires a clear structure and logical flow. The introduction should provide a background and context for the study, while the experimental design section details the methodology and procedure. The experimental results and analysis section presents the findings in a clear and concise manner, and the conclusion summarizes the key findings and provides recommendations for further research. By following these guidelines, researchers can effectively communicate their work and contribute to the field of welding technology.。
焊接英文单词
焊接英文单词单词：welding1. 定义与释义1.1词性：名词、动词（作名词时表示焊接这一工艺或行为；作动词时表示进行焊接操作）1.2释义：通过加热、加压或两者并用，使两个或多个金属件连接在一起的工艺或操作。
1.3英文解释：The process of joining two or more pieces of metal together by heating, pressing, or abination of both.1.4相关词汇：- 同义词：soldering（软钎焊，与焊接有相似之处，但温度等条件有所不同）- 派生词：welder（焊工）、weldment（焊件）---2. 起源与背景2.1词源：源于古英语“weldan”，其根源可追溯到日耳曼语族。
2.2趣闻：在古代，焊接技术的雏形可能是铁匠将两块金属通过高温锻打使其连接在一起。
随着工业革命的发展，焊接技术不断进步，从简单的手工焊接发展到如今的各种自动化焊接工艺，在建筑、汽车制造、航空航天等众多领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
---3. 常用搭配与短语3.1短语：- welding rod：焊条例句：The welder selected a suitable welding rod for this job.翻译：焊工为这项工作挑选了合适的焊条。
- welding torch：焊炬例句：He held the welding torch firmly and started to weld the metal plates.翻译：他紧紧握住焊炬，开始焊接金属板。
- arc welding：电弧焊例句：Arc welding is widely used in the construction industry.翻译：电弧焊在建筑行业广泛使用。
- gas welding：气焊例句：Gas welding requires a special gas mixture for the best results.翻译：气焊需要特殊的气体混合物以达到最佳效果。
预焊接工艺规程英文
预焊接工艺规程英文IntroductionPre-welding is an important process in the manufacturing industry. It involves joining or bonding two or more pieces of metal together using heat, pressure, or a combination of both. The purpose of pre-welding is to ensure that the final weld is strong, durable, and will meet the required standards. This article provides an overview of the pre-welding process, including its significance, key techniques, and quality control measures.Significance of Pre-weldingThe pre-welding process plays a crucial role in ensuring the overall quality and integrity of welded components. It helps in minimizing welding defects such as porosity, lack of fusion, and cracking. By properly preparing the base metals prior to welding, pre-welding helps to ensure better penetration and proper fusion of the weld joint. It also helps to reduce the risk of distortion and stress concentration, which can affect the structural integrity of the final product.Key Techniques in Pre-welding1.Surface Preparation: Proper cleaning and degreasing of the basemetals is essential to remove any contaminants that can negatively affect the welding process. This can be done using methods such as solvent cleaning,abrasive cleaning, or chemical cleaning.2.Joint Design: The design of the weld joint plays a crucial role in thestrength and durability of the final weld. Factors such as joint type, weldingposition, and material thickness should be taken into consideration whiledesigning the joint.3.Preheating: Preheating the base metals prior to welding can help toreduce the risk of cracking and improve the weld quality. The preheatingtemperature and duration should be determined based on the material being welded and the specific welding procedure.4.Welding Parameters: The selection of appropriate weldingparameters such as current, voltage, and travel speed is vital to achieve a high-quality weld. These parameters should be optimized based on factors such as material type, joint configuration, and welding position.Quality Control MeasuresTo ensure the quality of the pre-welding process, several quality control measures can be implemented. These include:1.Visual Inspection: Visual inspection is the most basic method ofquality control and involves inspecting the weld joint for any visible defectssuch as cracks, porosity, or lack of fusion. It is important to perform thisinspection before, during, and after the welding process.2.Non-destructive Testing: Non-destructive testing methods such asultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, and magnetic particle testing can help to detect any internal defects in the weld joint without causing damage to the component. These tests should be performed by trained personnel to ensure accurate results.3.Welding Procedure Qualification: Before initiating the actual weldingprocess, it is essential to qualify the welding procedure to ensure that it meets the required standards. This involves conducting welding tests on sample joints and evaluating them based on criteria such as strength, visual appearance, and macrostructural examination.ConclusionPre-welding is a critical process that significantly impacts the quality and durability of welded components. By following proper techniques and implementing quality control measures, manufacturers can ensure that the final welds meet the required standards. A well-executed pre-welding process helps in minimizing defects, improving weld quality, and enhancing the overall performance of the welded components. Therefore, it is imperative for manufacturing industries to adhere to pre-welding guidelines and procedures to achieve reliable and long-lasting weld joints.。
welding翻译
welding翻译Welding的中文翻译是"焊接"。
焊接是一种常见的金属加工技术，通过在金属材料上加热并施加压力，将两个或更多金属部件连接在一起。
焊接广泛应用于工业制造、建筑、航空航天、汽车制造等领域。
下面是一些常见的焊接方法和用法的中英文对照例句：1. Arc Welding (电弧焊)- Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW): 覆盖电弧焊Example: The welder used shielded metal arc welding to join the steel plates together. (焊工使用覆盖电弧焊将钢板连接在一起。
)- Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW): 气体金属电弧焊Example: Gas metal arc welding is commonly used in automotive manufacturing. (气体金属电弧焊在汽车制造中常被使用。
)2. Gas Welding (气焊)- Oxy-fuel Welding (氧气焊)Example: Oxy-fuel welding is often used for joining copper and brass materials. (氧气焊经常被用于铜和黄铜材料的连接。
)- Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW): 气体钨极氩弧焊Example: GTAW is a popular method for welding aluminum and stainless steel. (气体钨极氩弧焊是铝和不锈钢焊接的常用方法。
)3. Resistance Welding (电阻焊)- Spot Welding (点焊)Example: Spot welding is commonly used in the automotive industry for joining sheet metal components. (点焊在汽车工业中常用于连接薄板金属零件。
山特维克
山特维克（中国）有限公司是一家高科技材料工程集团公司，由遍布世界130个国家的300多个子公司组成，年营业额420多亿瑞典克朗，雇员34000名。
山特维克可乐满刀具公司是山特维克刀具公司子公司中较大的一个，山特维克可乐满刀具公司在开发、生产和销售利用烧结硬质合金、陶瓷及高硬度材料如：金刚石及立方碳化硼做金属切削用刀具及刀具系统领域处于世界领先地位。
山特维克可乐满刀具公司于1993年在中国建立销售网络机构，并在廊坊投资五千万克朗建立第一个生产基地，占地2-000平米，主要从事标准及非标准刀柄的生产。
1996年，山特维克可乐满在廊坊一期工厂的基础上追加投资一亿一千万克朗建成一家占地5000平料的中国地区最先进的硬质合金刀具生产厂，该厂采用了最先进的生产工艺、技术，并致力于环境保护及维护，廊坊生产厂已于1998年12月通过国际质量标准ISO9002认证，目前，山特维克可乐满刀具公司在廊坊的投资总额已超过三千万美元。
Sandvik Group is a high-technology material engineering company with more than 300 subsidiaries represented in 130 counties. The Group turns over SEK 42 billion a year and employs 34000 people worldwide.AB Sandvik Coromant, one of the larger being of Sandvik Tooling, is the international leader in development, production and marketing of tools using cemented-carbide, ceramics and extremely hard materials such as diamond and cubic boron nitride for metal-cutting applications.AB Sandvik Coromant has set up a nation-wide sales organization in China since 1993 and established a manufacturing unit in Langfang in the same year with the investment of 50 M SEK and 2000 m2, to produce standard and special tool holders. In 1996, AB Sandvik Coromant reinvested 110 M SEK on the basis of the first phase for an insert production unit, which contains 5000 m2. This plant is the most modern for production of cemented carbide inserts in China. It utilizes the latest technology available in the production process and, at the same time, meets the highest environmental requirements. Sandvik Langfang was certified according to ISO 9002 in December 1998. By now, Sandvik Coromant has invested more than 30 M USD in Langfang in total.卢卡斯伟利达廊重制动器有限公司是由廊坊市直属重工业国有资产经营有限公司与美国伟利达工业有限公司、英国卢卡斯公司三家合资在廊坊经济技术开发区建立的合资企业，主要生产汽车制动钳总成和盘式制动器总成，该厂已为红旗、奥迪、桑塔纳、金杯、捷达、金龙等多家汽车制造厂提供配套制动器，成为我国最大的汽车制动器生产商。
德国焊接标准(DINweldingstandards)
125 型.第 3 部分:承插焊接用注模套管和帽.尺寸 pipes - Type PB 125 - Part 3: Dimensions of injection-moulded sockets and caps for socket welding
聚(异)丁烯压力管道用管道配件和连接组件.PB 125 型.第 4 部分:承插焊接用注模异径管尺寸
Pipe fittings and joint assemblies for polybutene pressure pipes - Type PB 125 - Part 4: Dimensions of injection-moulded reducers for socket welding
聚(异)丁烯压力管道用管道配件和连接组件.PB 125 型.第 6 部分:耐焊接配件尺寸
钢焊接管件
steel, for aseptic, chemical and pharmaceutical industries
牙科技术.激光焊接过程的质量保证.第 1 部分: Dentistry - Quality assurance during laser welding - Part 1:
牙科实验室的激光焊接
Pipe fittings and joint assemblies for polybutene pressure pipes - Type PB 125 - Part 2: Dimensios of injection-moulded tees for socket welding
聚(异)丁烯压力管道用管道配件和连接组件.PB Pipe fittings and joint assemblies for polybutene pressure
小学上册第5次英语自测题(有答案)
小学上册英语自测题(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.We have a ______ (有趣的) project in science class.2.The _____ (植物教育活动) can engage young learners.3.I enjoy watching ________ (动画片) about animals. They always have a great________ (故事).4. A ______ (植物的多样性) initiative can help biodiversity.5.The _______ can symbolize strength and resilience.6.__________ are used in the agricultural industry for pest control.7.The ________ (种子) grows into a new plant.8.The _______ of an object can be measured in liters.9.This ________ (玩具) is my favorite bedtime companion.10.Some plants can help combat _______.11.What is the name of the famous British author known for "Pride and Prejudice"?A. Charlotte BrontëB. Jane AustenC. Mary ShelleyD. Emily Dickinson答案: B12.I often help my parents ________ (做饭) on weekends.13.There are _____ states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.14.中国的________ (legends) 如“女娲补天”是传统文化的一部分。
iso6520-1焊接缺陷分类标准(英文版)
iso6520-1焊接缺陷分类标准(英文版)ISO 6524-1 Welding Defect Classification Standard (English Version)Introduction:ISO 6524-1 is a standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that provides guidelines for the classification of welding defects. The standard covers a wide range of welding processes and materials, and aims to provide a uniform system for identifying and categorizing defects in welded joints. This standard is widely used in the welding industry to ensure consistency and accuracy in defect identification, evaluation, and reporting.Classification of Defects:ISO 6524-1 classifies welding defects into several categories based on the type of defect and its severity. The standard defines various types of defects, such as porosity, lack of fusion, undercut, and cracks, and provides detailed criteria for identifying and categorizing each type of defect. The standard also includes guidelines for determining the size and extent of defects, as well as the potential impact of defects on the integrity and performance of the welded joint.Evaluation and Reporting:ISO 6524-1 outlines the procedures and requirements for evaluating and reporting welding defects. The standard specifies the methods and techniques for inspecting welds, including visual inspection, radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, and other non-destructive testing methods. It also provides guidelines for measuring the size and severity of defects, as well as the acceptance criteria for different types of defects.Benefits of Using ISO 6524-1:By following the guidelines outlined in ISO 6524-1, welders, inspectors, and engineers can ensure consistency and accuracy in defect classification, evaluation, and reporting. This standard helps to improve the quality and reliability of welded joints, as well as the safety and performance of welded structures. By using a standardized classification system, stakeholders in the welding industry can communicate effectively and make informed decisions regarding the acceptance or rejection of welded joints.Conclusion:ISO 6524-1 is a valuable tool for the welding industry that provides guidelines for the classification of welding defects. Byfollowing the procedures outlined in this standard, stakeholders can ensure consistency and accuracy in defect identification, evaluation, and reporting. This standard helps to improve the quality and reliability of welded joints, as well as the safety and performance of welded structures. Stakeholders in the welding industry are encouraged to adopt ISO 6524-1 to enhance the quality and integrity of their welding projects.。
我们约定一下明天检查时间We agreed to check the time tomorrow
我们约定一下明天检查时间We agreed to check the time tomorrow嗨，你是王先生吗Hi, are you Mr. Wang王先生你下午有时间吗Mr. Wang you is free this afternoon你下午有时间吗Your time in the afternoon我有点问题需要和你沟通I have a problem and you need to communicate工程概况Project summary工程概况overviewU我刚刚到达这里I've just arrived here我刚来几天I just for a few days 我可以讲一点英语I can speak a little English我可以讲一点英语，不是很多I can speak a little English, not many例如For example我是焊接质检工程师I'm welding quality inspection engineer希望我们未来的合作在愉快中进行Hope our future cooperation in a pleasant我刚从中国来I just arrived from China我们一起到现场看看We go to the scene to see see你有什么问题可以找我You have what problem can find me这里焊的太少应多焊些Here the welding shall be welded some more than too little当你进入现场要注意安全When you enter the field to pay attention to safety 焊接完成要及时清理干净Welding is complete in time to clean up焊接工作时要注意焊接质量Welding work should pay attention to the quality of welding大家好，我们现在开会。
进口阀门技术规格书中英文对照
进口阀门技术规格书Off-shore Valve Specification1．总则1.General1．1 概述1.1 Introduction本技术规格书是招标书的附件，用于中国石油化工集团公司南京化学工业有限公司大化肥装置原料改造项目（下简称项目）进口阀门的的设计、供货、试验和技术服务。
This specification is the appendix of the RFQ package. It covers the design, supply, testing and service for the off-shore valves for the NCIC FEEDSTOCK REVAMP PROJECT (hereafter called the “Project”) of China Petroleum and Chemical Corp. (SINOPEC).本技术规格书所列是对进口阀门的基本要求，并未对所有技术细节作出规范，也未完全陈述与之有关的规范和标准，且并不因此而减轻卖方在正确进行设计、保证系统可靠性和安全操作方面的责任。
This specification covers the basic requirements of the off-shore valves. It does not specify all the technical details and does not state all the codes and standards related therein. Seller is not relieved of his responsibilities in correct design, ensuring reliability for the system and safe operation.装置所在地：中国江苏省南京市六合区，南京化学工业有限公司Plant Location: Nanjing Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. Liuhe District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PRC.术语解释：Definitions:买方: 中国石化国际事业有限公司Buyer：China Petrochemical International Co.,Ltd.卖方:提供阀门的制造厂或代理公司Seller：The manufacturer or agent for the supply of the valves herein.。
组对焊接工艺流程
组对焊接工艺流程Welding is a crucial process in the manufacturing industry, and a well-executed welding process can make a significant impact on the quality of the final product. When it comes to paired welding processes, such as resistance spot welding or laser welding, proper planning and execution are key to achieving high-quality welds. 对组对焊接工艺流程的研究和实践非常重要，只有正确的规划和执行，才能获得高质量的焊接接头。
One of the key aspects of paired welding processes is ensuring that the two workpieces to be welded are properly aligned and positioned. This is crucial for achieving a strong and consistent weld. In addition, the choice of welding parameters, such as current, voltage, and welding speed, plays a significant role in determining the quality of the weld. Sometimes, the design of the welding fixtures and jigs can also impact the welding process and the final quality of the weld. 利用适当的夹具和定位技术可以确保焊接接头的准确性和一致性，从而提高焊接接头的质量。
ISO 3834国际标准是企业焊接质量管理体系的基础
教育培训ISO3834国际标准是企业焊接质量管理体系的基础陈大军(机械工业哈尔滨焊接技术培训中心，黑龙江哈尔滨150046)摘要：基于ISO3834国际焊接质量管理体系在中国的应用实践，总结了该管理体系针对焊接这一特殊工艺方法的特点，规定了系统的焊接质量管理要求。
很弥补一般通用质量体系在这一的。
其核心焊接责任人员、焊接工艺及评定、焊接人员资格认证等诸多要素。
该体系质量要求、质量要求和基本质量要求3个质量等级，可不同的企业根据客户要求、自身要求和产品特点进行选择，对于环要求,其质量可以用于熔化焊的，应不受产品的&关键词：ISO3834；焊接质量管理；焊接工艺；管理体系中图分类号：TG47ISO3834international standartt art the foundation of enterprisew#ldnng qualnty manag#m#nttytt#mChen Dajun(Harbin Welding Training Institute，Harbin150046，Heilongjiang，China)Abstract:Based on application of ISO3834intemationat welding quality manaaement system in China.Chaa-actegstics of the manaaement system in view of the special welding process wera summarized and requirements of the system's welding quiity manaaement rules wso specified，which made up the blank of geneal quiity system in this respect.Key points included welding responsible personnd，welding process and quaificiion, cogiacation oi welding and inspection personnd，and so on.The standard system had three quiity leveis，comprehensive quiity requirements，standard quiity requirements and basio quiity requirements.It could be selected by dOferent enterpgses according:o customss'requirements，teeia own requirements and produd ohaeaoeeeiseios，and had nospeoiaieequieemenesioeeheopeeaeingeneieonmene.Iesquaiiesooneeoipeinoipie oouid beused ioeoDheemeDhodsoDheeDhan iusion weiding，and isappiioaion wasnoDiimied bspeoduoD spes.Key wo P s：ISO3834；welding quality manaaement;welding procedure；management system、八亠、ments for fusion welding of metallic mategals》标准要求0或该标准的企业认证要求经常是国际采购技术要求或随着中国制造走向世界，越来多的中国焊接企资质要求之一&ISO3834系列自于业走向国际化发展之路，IS03834U*《Quality require-EN729，是由国际焊接学会第44技术委员会的18分教育培训机"制$%摘------册委会(ISO/TC44SC18)编制，在国内由哈尔滨焊接研究机械工业哈尔滨焊接技术培训中心起草,等同等效的对应国标GB/T12467《金属材料熔焊质量要求》。
搅拌摩擦焊英语作文
搅拌摩擦焊英语作文Stirring Friction WeldingFriction welding, also known as stirring friction welding, is a solid-state welding process that is widely used in various industries due to its numerous advantages. This technique involves the joining of two materials by generating heat through friction, without the need for melting the base metals. The process is characterized by its ability to produce high-quality, defect-free welds, making it an attractive option for a wide range of applications.At the heart of the friction welding process is the principle of using rotational motion and applied force to create heat at the interface between the two materials being joined. The process begins with one of the workpieces being rotated at a high speed, while the other is held stationary. As the rotating workpiece is brought into contact with the stationary one, the friction generated between the surfaces causes the temperature to rise. This heat, combined with the applied force, softens the materials and allows them to intermix, forming a strong, metallurgical bond.One of the key advantages of friction welding is its ability to producewelds with minimal distortion and residual stresses. This is due to the fact that the process occurs in the solid state, without the need for melting the base metals. As a result, the heat-affected zone is typically much smaller than in traditional fusion welding processes, which helps to preserve the original material properties and reduces the risk of warping or distortion.Another significant benefit of friction welding is its energy efficiency. The process generates heat only at the interface between the workpieces, minimizing the overall energy consumption and making it a more environmentally friendly option compared to some traditional welding techniques. Additionally, the lack of filler materials or shielding gases further contributes to the cost-effectiveness of the process.One of the key applications of friction welding is in the automotive industry, where it is widely used for the production of components such as drive shafts, steering columns, and suspension parts. The high strength and reliability of friction-welded joints make them ideal for these critical automotive applications, where safety and durability are of utmost importance.Beyond the automotive sector, friction welding has found widespread use in the aerospace industry, where it is employed for the fabrication of engine components, airframe structures, and othercritical aircraft parts. The ability to join dissimilar materials, such as aluminum and steel, without compromising the integrity of the weld makes friction welding a valuable tool in the aerospace industry.In the construction industry, friction welding is utilized for the fabrication of steel structures, including bridges, buildings, and offshore platforms. The process allows for the efficient and precise joining of large structural elements, ensuring the integrity and stability of the final construction.The versatility of friction welding extends to the manufacturing of medical devices, where it is used to assemble components for surgical instruments, prosthetic limbs, and other medical equipment. The clean, defect-free welds produced by this process are essential in the medical field, where high standards of quality and safety are paramount.Despite its numerous advantages, friction welding is not without its challenges. The process requires precise control of parameters such as rotational speed, applied force, and welding time to ensure consistent and reliable results. Additionally, the limited accessibility of the joint interface can make it difficult to inspect the weld quality, requiring the use of advanced non-destructive testing techniques.To address these challenges, researchers and industry professionalsare continually exploring ways to optimize the friction welding process and expand its applications. Advancements in computer-controlled systems, sensor technology, and data analytics have enabled more precise control over the welding parameters, leading to improved weld quality and increased productivity.In conclusion, friction welding is a versatile and efficient joining technique that has found widespread application across various industries. Its ability to produce high-quality, defect-free welds, combined with its energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness, make it an attractive option for a wide range of manufacturing and construction applications. As technology continues to evolve, the future of friction welding looks promising, with the potential for even greater advancements and expanded use in the years to come.。
生产工艺钎焊工艺流程
生产工艺钎焊工艺流程Welding is a crucial process in the manufacturing industry, as it joins two or more metal pieces together through the application of heat and pressure. 钎焊是制造业中至关重要的工艺过程，通过热量和压力将两个或更多金属零件连接在一起。
It is important to have a well-defined welding process in place to ensure the quality and integrity of the final product. 有一个明确定义的钎焊工艺流程非常重要，以确保最终产品的质量和完整性。
The welding process involves a series of steps that need to be followed in a precise manner to achieve a strong and durable bond between the metal pieces. 钎焊工艺涉及一系列步骤，需要以精确的方式按顺序进行，以实现金属零件之间的牢固和耐用的连接。
One of the first steps in the welding process is the preparation of the metal surfaces to be joined, which involves cleaning and degreasing the surfaces to remove any contaminants that could affect the quality of the weld. 钎焊工艺的第一步之一是准备待连接的金属表面，这包括清洁和去脂处理表面，以去除可能影响焊接质量的任何污染物。
关于焊的英语作文
关于焊的英语作文Title: The Art and Science of Welding。
Welding, often regarded as the art of joining materials together, is a process that transcends mere craftsmanship; it embodies both scientific principles and technical finesse. In this essay, we delve into the intricacies of welding, exploring its history, techniques, applications, and significance in various industries.### Historical Overview:Welding, in its most rudimentary form, dates back to the Bronze Age when early civilizations employed simple techniques like forge welding to join metals. However, the modern era of welding began in the 19th century with the advent of the industrial revolution. The discovery of electricity paved the way for arc welding, revolutionizing the manufacturing landscape. Since then, welding has evolved significantly, with advancements in technology andmaterials continually pushing the boundaries of what is achievable.### Fundamentals of Welding:At its core, welding involves the application of heat to melt and fuse materials, typically metals, to form a strong joint. The choice of welding method depends on various factors such as the type of materials being joined, the desired strength of the weld, and the environment in which the welding takes place. Common welding techniques include:1. Arc Welding: Utilizes an electric arc to create intense heat, melting the base metals and filler material (if used) to form a weld pool. This method includes processes like Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), and Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW).2. Gas Welding: Relies on a flame produced by burning a fuel gas mixed with oxygen to generate the heat requiredfor welding. Oxyacetylene welding is a popular variant ofgas welding.3. Resistance Welding: Involves passing a high current through the materials to be welded, causing them to heat up and join under pressure. Spot welding and seam welding are common applications of this technique.4. TIG Welding (Tungsten Inert Gas): Uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to create the weld and requires a separate filler material. TIG welding is prized for its precision and versatility, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.### Applications of Welding:Welding finds application across various industries, playing a critical role in the fabrication of structures, machinery, vehicles, and consumer goods. Some notable applications include:Automotive Industry: Welding is integral to the assembly of vehicles, from chassis construction to bodypanels.Construction Sector: Welded connections are vital in the construction of buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure projects.Aerospace and Defense: Precision welding techniques are employed in the manufacture of aircraft, spacecraft, and military hardware.Oil and Gas Industry: Welding plays a crucial role in pipeline construction and maintenance, ensuring theintegrity of oil and gas transportation networks.Manufacturing: Welding is ubiquitous in manufacturing processes, facilitating the production of everything from appliances to electronic devices.### Challenges and Innovations:While welding is a versatile and indispensable process, it also presents certain challenges. One such challenge isthe need for skilled welders who possess a deep understanding of metallurgy, welding techniques, and safety protocols. Additionally, factors such as distortion, residual stress, and weld defects must be carefully managed to ensure the integrity of the final product.In response to these challenges, the welding industry continues to innovate. Advanced welding technologies, such as laser welding and electron beam welding, offer higher precision and efficiency compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, automation and robotics are increasingly being employed to streamline welding processes, improve consistency, and enhance workplace safety.### Conclusion:In conclusion, welding represents a convergence of artistry, science, and engineering. From its humble origins to its current state of technological sophistication, welding has played a pivotal role in shaping the modern world. As industries evolve and demand for innovative solutions grows, welding will remain at the forefront ofmanufacturing and construction, driving progress and innovation for generations to come.。
先进焊接技术
先进焊接技术浅谈焊接⾃动化焊接是制造业中重要的加⼯⼯艺⽅法之⼀，由于现代科学技术的飞速发展和诸多因素的推动，焊接制造⼯艺正经历着从⼿⼯焊到⾃动焊的过渡。
焊接过程⾃动化、机器⼈化以及智能化已成为焊接⾏业发展的必然趋势。
所谓焊接⾃动化是指在没有⼈直接参与的情况下，采⽤具有⾃动控制，能⾃动调节、检测、加⼯的机器设备、仪表，按规定的程序或指令⾃动进⾏，通过加热、加压，或两者并⽤，使两⼯件产⽣原⼦间结合的技术措施。
其⽬的在于增加产量、提⾼质量、降低成本和劳动强度、保障⽣产安全等。
⾃动化程度已成为衡量现代国家科学技术和经济发展⽔平的重要标志之⼀。
现代⾃动化技术主要依靠计算机控制技术来实现，是焊接结构⽣产技术发展的⽅向，实现了程序控制和数字控制。
计算机控制系统在各种⾃动焊接与切割设备中的作⽤不仅是控制各项焊接参数，⽽且必须能够⾃动协调成套焊接设备各组成部分的动作，实现⽆⼈操作，即实现焊接⽣产数控化、⾃动化与智能化。
⽽机器⼈的应⽤使计算机技术在焊接⾏业拥有了更⼴阔的⽤武之地。
采⽤机器⼈焊接已成为焊接⾃动化技术现代化的主要标志。
焊接机器⼈由于具有通⽤性强、⼯作可靠的优点，受到⼈们越来越多的重视。
在⾃动焊接⽣产线上，推⼴、扩⼤数控的焊接机械⼿和焊接机器⼈，可以提⾼⽣产率和⽣产⽔平、改善劳动安全卫⽣条件、稳定和保证焊接质量、实现批量产品的焊接⾃动化。
焊接过程⾃动化，智能化是提⾼焊接质量稳定性，解决恶劣劳动条件的重要⽅向。
提⾼⾃动化⽔平是当前世界先进⼯业国家的重点发展⽅向，实现⾃动化焊接也是是我们的理想和⽬标。
国外⼯业先进国家在焊接新技术的具体应⽤上已有许多成功的业绩；中国的⾃动化焊接技术、装备的研究制造企业也已有了长⾜的进步，积累了⼀定技术、⼈才、制造经验，⼀部分⾃动焊技术和装备的⽔平已经达到国际先进⽔平，有了很多的使⽤案例，个别产品也在销往海外；现代新技术迅速发展对其的不断完善；国家对装备制造业产业发展的⿎励政策；这些条件的具备，将加速推动中国焊接产业的技术、装备升级。
海外铁路工程实用口语
海外铁路工程实用口语Introduction:Hello everyone, I am here to talk about railway engineering and its associated jargons and terminologies. The railway industry is a vast and complex system that encompasses a myriad of engineering and operational concepts. It is essential for us to have a good understanding and practical knowledge of these concepts to work efficiently in the railway industry. So, let's dive in and learn some practical railway engineering terminologies and phrases! 1. Gauge:The gauge is the distance between the inner faces of the rails measured between the running edges of the wheels. There are different gauges used all over the world, such as standard gauge, broad gauge, and narrow gauge. These gauges vary depending on the region and country.2. Welding:Welding is an essential aspect of railway engineering, where two pieces of metal are fused together by heating them to their melting point. Welding plays a crucial role in rail connections, as it ensures the rails remain connected to each other, allowing trains to travel safely. A common type of welding in railway engineering is flash butt welding, which is used in the manufacturing of continuous welded rails.3. Ballast:Ballast is the stone or gravel bed found beneath railway tracks that stabilizes the track by providing support and drainage. Ballast is essential, as it ensures the track remains level and provides a stablebase for trains to travel on.4. Points:Points are the movable rail sections used to divert trains from one track to another. Points are usually controlled by a switch, which is operated by a lever or control panel. It is essential to maintain the points to ensure the smooth running of trains and avoid derailments.5. Signals:Signals are visual displays used to control the movement of trains. Signals provide information to train drivers, indicating whether they can proceed or need to stop. Signals are essential, and the driver should adhere to them to ensure the safety of the passengers and the train.6. Crossing:Crossings are the points where train tracks cross each other. Crossings are of two types, level crossings and overpasses. Level crossings are where the road and railway track intersect at the same level, and overpasses are where the road passes over the railway track.7. Traction:Traction is the force required to move a train along the tracks. This force is usually provided by locomotives, which are powered by electricity or diesel. Traction plays a significant role in the speed and efficiency of trains.8. Capacity:The capacity of a railway line refers to the number of trains thatcan run on the track at any given time. Capacity is determined by several factors, such as the length of the line, the number of stations, the frequency of trains, and the speed of trains.9. Maintenance:Maintenance is crucial to ensure the smooth running of trains and the safety of passengers. Railway tracks, signals, and rolling stock require regular maintenance to ensure their optimal performance. Maintenance includes activities such as inspection, repair, and replacement of worn-out parts.10. Speed:Speed is an important aspect of railway engineering. It refers to the velocity at which a train travels. The speed of a train is dependent on several factors, such as the condition of the track, the quality of rolling stock, and the traction provided.Conclusion:Thus, railway engineering is a complex and intricate system full of various terminologies and aspects. It is crucial to have a good understanding of these concepts to work effectively in the railway industry. I hope this article has provided you with a practical insight into the world of railway engineering, and you find it useful in your future endeavors.11. Rolling stock:Rolling stock is the collective term used to describe the vehicles that run on railway tracks. This includes locomotives, passenger coaches, freight wagons, and other specialized vehicles. Rolling stock is critical to the efficient running of trains and needs to be maintained regularly to ensure their optimal performance.12. Electrification:Electrification in railway engineering refers to the conversion of railway tracks to run on electricity rather than conventional diesel or steam power. Electrification provides several benefits, such as reduced pollution, increased fuel efficiency, and faster acceleration and braking capabilities for trains.13. Gradient:Gradient refers to the incline or slope of a section of railway track. The gradient of a track is measured in terms of the rise over the run, which is usually expressed as a percentage. It is essential to consider the gradient of a track when designing or constructing itto ensure the safe and efficient running of trains.14. Track circuit:A track circuit is an electrical circuit used to detect the presence of trains on the track. Track circuits are placed at regular intervals along the track and are used to control signals and other safety devices. When a train passes over a track circuit, it sends a signalto the control room, indicating the presence and location of the train.15. Block system:The block system is a safety system used in railway engineering to ensure that no two trains occupy the same section of track simultaneously. The track is divided into blocks, and only one train is allowed to occupy a block at a time. The block system requires a network of signals and control devices to operate effectively.16. Braking system:The braking system is an essential aspect of railway engineering, which is responsible for stopping the train when required. The braking system consists of several components, such as brake shoes, brake discs, and brake pads. A typical braking system uses air pressure to activate the brakes on each wagon or coach.17. Axle load:Axle load refers to the weight that each axle of a train or wagon exerts on the track. Axle load is an important factor in railway engineering, as excessive axle loads can cause damage to the track and infrastructure. It is essential to consider the axle load when designing or operating trains.18. Clearance:Clearance refers to the distance between the edge of the train and any obstacles or structures along the track. Clearance is crucial in railway engineering, as trains require sufficient clearance to travel safely. Factors such as tunnels, bridges, and platforms need to be designed to provide adequate clearance for trains of different sizes and types.19. Train protection system:The train protection system is a safety system used in railway engineering to prevent collisions and ensure the safe operation of trains. Train protection systems use various technologies, such as automatic train control and automatic train protection, to monitor trains and control their speed and movement along the track. 20. Communication system:Communication systems are essential in railway engineering toensure efficient communication between different components and devices. Communication systems include systems such as radio communication, signaling systems, and control room communication systems. Effective communication is crucial to ensure the safe and efficient operation of trains.Conclusion:In conclusion, railway engineering is a complex system that requires a good understanding of various concepts and terminologies. From design and construction to operation and maintenance, every aspect of railway engineering is critical to ensure the safe and efficient running of trains. The jargons and terminologies discussed above are just some of the key aspects of railway engineering that are essential for anyone working in this field. With the right knowledge and practical experience, railway engineers can help to develop and maintain the railway system that plays a vital role in transportation and economic development worldwide.。
机器人英文介绍
机器人英文介绍As a person, we must have independent thoughts and personality.机电工程学院机械电子工程Good morning everybody!it is my honor to speak here and i am very glad to share my topic with you.let me introduce myself first.my name is .my major is Machinery and electronic engineering,the research direction is industrial robotcontrol.then today I’d like to talk something about industry robot .when it comes to robots ,I don’t think we arestrangers .but there is a difference between the industrial robot and the robot in the life .I’ve divided my presentation into four parts :introduction / development /application/prospectThe first part deal with the introduction of industryrobot ,there are a number of definitions of the term robot,but there is a definition that is accepted by the professionalstaff of the manufacturing industry ,which is proposed by the American Robot Association .This definition is that Industrial robot is a robot,it is a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material,tool,or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.The second part relates to the development of industrialrobot .in this part ,i shall first talk about development offoreign industrial robot and then touch on development of domestic industrial robot .At the end of the 1950s ,the us on the basic of servo institutions and automatic control technology ,developed a general independent industry by the automatic operationdevice .In1969,general motors with 21 sets of industrial robot welding of the car body automatic production line. In the 1970s to the 1980s ,industrial robot into products later ,gain the world common application later ,then a lot of research institutions to research the second generation may havefunction of the robot ,appeared ABB ,Sweden ,Germany’s KUKA robot company and some Japanese companiesComparing with industrial robots domain of developedcountries ,our country’s industrial robot domain started a little later . Industrial robot in china roughly experienced three stages :the 70s’ embryonic stage,the 80s’ development stage and 90s’ practical period .during the 40 year’s development ,Chinese industrial robot technology had been improved rapidly, As shown in the picture, the annual amount of Chinese industrial robots continue to improve,but comparing with some developed countries such as Germany there are still a large gapThe third part concerns the application of industrialrobots .Now the industrial robot has became a kind of flexible tools for manufacturing system (FMS),automation factory (FA).This picture is industrial robot production line,we can see there are a lot of robots.Industrial robots can replace humans do a lot of complex dangerous work, which shows three pictures were welded industrial robots,assembly of industrial robots and industrial robots Handling.the experience of some developed countries show that the benefit of using industrial robots is very obvious.It can reduce the production cost ,save materials ,improve the utilization rate of the machine tool and the number of defective works .All these can raise company competition ability.And the last part discusses the prospect of industrial robot . From the above picture we can see that China's sales of industrial robots in constantly improving, which ranks first in industrial welding robots .Today our country is committed to become a manufacturing powerful country.It is very essential to increase Chinese industrial automation.Industrial robot technology is the main mean to make our country change manufacturing powerful.Ok thank you for listening that’s all.。
国际焊接学会流程
国际焊接学会流程The International Welding Society, also known as the International Institute of Welding (IIW), plays a significant role in promoting the development of welding technology globally. Established in 1948, the IIW has grown to become an international body with member countries from around the world. Through its various initiatives, the IIW has been instrumental in advancing the science and practice of welding, as well as promoting the highest standards in the industry.国际焊接学会，也被称为国际焊接协会（IIW），在全球推动焊接技术发展中扮演着重要角色。
成立于1948年的IIW已经发展成为一个拥有来自世界各地会员国的国际机构。
通过其各种举措，IIW在推动焊接科学和实践方面起着关键作用，同时促进行业的最高标准。
One of the key functions of the IIW is to provide a platform for collaboration and knowledge sharing among its members. By bringing together experts, researchers, and industry professionals from different countries, the IIW facilitates the exchange of ideas, best practices, and technological advancements in the field ofwelding. This collaborative approach helps to drive innovation and progress within the industry, ultimately benefiting all stakeholders.IIW的一个主要功能是为其会员提供合作和知识共享的平台。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
ESKOM NEW BUILD PROGRAMME
• Construction is underway on the new Medupi power station. Medupi is a dry cooled coal-fired plant using supercritical boiler technology, comprising six units with 4 788 MW installed capacity. The boiler and turbine contracts for Medupi represent the biggest commercial contracts in Eskom’s history.
•
3
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
TRANSNET
• Expansion of the iron ore export channel from Sishen to Saldsnet.co.za
4
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
TRANSNET
• • • Expansion of the coal export channel by upgrading the coal link to Richards Bay and expanding capacity of the Richards Bay harbour. New container terminal and increased capacity at the car terminal in Durban. Widening, deepening and upgrading of the Cape Town container terminal.
5
CHALLENGES Technology issues
CHALLENGE: Increasing global competition. Consistent quality is the key to remaining competitive in local and global markets.
THE STATE OF THE WELDING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA THE STATE OF THE WELDING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA
1
But 2010 was about more than soccer …
• 2010 was planned as the peak in a cycle of unprecedented infrastructure spending in South Africa. • To realize its plans to stimulate economic growth, reduce unemployment and halve poverty by 2014, the South African government put forward a set of economic proposals in 2006, called the Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative of South Africa (ASGISA), underpinned by public investment in infrastructure. • ASGISA was developed to increase the average economic growth rate to 4.5% between 2006 and 2010, and to further accelerate economic growth to an average of 6% for the period 2010 to 2014.
•
Construction has started on the new Kusile plant. This power station will consist of six units each rated at approximately 800 MW installed capacity giving a total of 4 800 MW. As such it will be one of the largest coal-fired power stations in the world, once completed, and the first power station in South Africa to have FGD technology installed.
•
• •
Refurbishment and renewal of general rolling stock.
Continued development of the Port of Ngqura (formerly Coega) with provision for a full service container terminal. Construction of a new 550 km 24 inch multi-purpose fuel pipeline between Durban and Johannesburg.