2020届二轮复习 非谓语动词
(英语)高考英语二轮复习 专项训练 非谓语动词及解析
（英语）高考英语二轮复习专项训练非谓语动词及解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.A．is made B．would makeC．was to be made D．had made【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查时态。
句义：在澳大利亚的黄金的发现让成千上万的人相信要发财了。
A. I made 一般过去时B. would make过去将来时C. was to be made 表过去将来且命中注定D. had made 过去完成时，根据句义是过去完成时，所以AD不对，根据题干黄金的发现所以注定要发财，所以C正确。
考点：考查时态。
2．When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____.A．to repair bicycles B．bicycles to be repairedC．bicycles being repaired D．repairing bicycles【答案】C【解析】3．I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A．to wind B．wind C．winding D．wound【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：我抬头向上看，注意到一条蛇正在蜿蜒向树上爬来获取它的早餐。
分析句子可知，wind its way作宾语补足语，winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。
4．I got to the office earlier that day, ________ the 7：30 train from Paddington.A．caught B．to have caughtC．to catch D．having caught【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
2020届高考英语语法专题复习讲义语法专题：非谓语动词学生版(简单)
【非谓语动词】【考纲解读】近几年对于非谓语动词的句法功能考查越来越多，尤其是语篇填空和改错题型考查较多，甚至在完形填空的选项中也多有涉及。
首先需要考生了解非谓语动词的基本形式及其时态和语态的变化形式；其次，需要考生牢固掌握非谓语动词的语法功能和非谓语动词题目的解题思路，并能在具体的语境中正确运用。
【命题趋势】1. 近年来对非谓语动词的考查较多的关注与语境的结合，尽管出发点还是仍是非谓语动词的基本用法，这种考查形式是在理解语境和句意的基础上设置的。
2. 今后非谓语动词的考查依然占有较高的比重，尤其是非谓语动词做定语和状语的用法，同时试题设置将会继续结合语境，难度适中。
3. 高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
4. 动词不定式的考查主要集中在一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
【名师指导】1.非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。
对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断出是否是非谓语动词，找准相关动词的逻辑主语，再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词。
例如：作主语、宾语用动名词或动词不定式；作状语常用分词：目的状语常用动词不定式，伴随状语则常用现在分词等。
2.确定为非谓语动词后，再观察非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系以及动作发生的时间，由此判断出正确的时态、语态形式。
非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，常用现在分词、动词不定式或动名词的一般式；是被动关系，则用过去分词、-ing形式或动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to have done/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。
2020届高考英语二轮复习系列之疯狂专练二 非谓语动词单句填空+语法填空(word版含答案)
疯狂专练二非谓语动词单句填空+语法填空技巧点拨当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。
此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。
如作主语或宾语，就用动名词(表一般意义)或不定式形式(表具体意义)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/ notice sb.do/doing sth., spend doing sth.等。
具体解题技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。
第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。
如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用ing形式或不定式，在enjoy, finish等动词后作宾语用ing形式，在decide, refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。
第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。
第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。
常考考点主动被动doing being donehaving done have been doneto do to be doneto have done to have been done小题狂练1.【2019·全国II卷】A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.2.【2019·全国II卷】When we got a call ______ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.3.【2019·全国I卷】Scientists have responded by ______ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.4.【2019·全国I卷改编】Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations are expensive ______ (perform)consistently over a large area.5. 【2019·浙江卷】When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.6. 【2019·浙江卷】But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform.7. 【2018·全国I I卷】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______ (improve) water quality.8.【2018·全国III卷】Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _______ (stay) and watch.9. 【2018·全国I卷】You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.10. 【2018·全国I卷】You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.11. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest).12. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.13. He went to the cinema, leaving me _________(do) all the rest of the work.14. The old museum needs ____________ (repair) badly, and it is dangerous to visit it at present.15. _________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.16.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially _________(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.17. The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not ________ (know) whether to believe what he had said.18. Failing (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course.19.It tells a (touch) story that highlights Chinese families.20.Shoppers at the Costcutter store at Brunel University in London can pay for items (use) the special vein(静脉) pattern in their fingertips直击考题passage1体裁主题字数建议用时说明文汉字的起源和发展225字9分钟At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols 1 (carve) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 2 (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, thesystem developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically, 3 (lead) to many varieties of dialects characters. This, 4 ,changed under the rule of Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty.Emperor Qinshihuang made the seven major states into one 5 (unite) country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was 6 great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or 7 dialect they speak, they can all still communicate 8 (easy) in writing.Written Chinese has also become an important means by 9 China’s present is connected with its past. People in modem times can read the classic 10 (work) which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.passage2【河南省南阳市一中2019-2020学年高三上学期第四次月考英语试题】China has once again proved its ___1___ (able) to change the world with the “new four great inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping. They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation (创新), ___2___ has improved the quality of people’s lives, according to a survey___3___ (make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,” said ___4___university student, adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”.The bikes___5___ (them) are not new, but the operating model of bike-sharing___6___ (base) on satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies.China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in___7___ (encourage) innovation, said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO Representative in China.It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is especially true in mobile, where China is leading ___8___many ways such as…social messaging app WeChat, she said. This is partly ___9___China skipped over the PC era and went directly to mobile. China has a ___10__ (large) mobile use than any other country in the world.passage3【2019-2020学年山东师范大学附中高考模拟卷】Chinese might be heard when you take a ride on the street. ___1___ (turn) to the right, you see a Sichuan-style restaurant. After walking into a store, you see that Huawei smartphones are on sale. But you're not in China — you're in Manchester in Britain. In fact, you might see similar things in many other cities. Chinese products have been going global.In the past, most Western people thought Chinese products were cheap but not reliable. Things ___2___ (change) greatly, though. For example, Huawei, ___3___is one of China's major smartphone ___4___ (make), overtook Apple in worldwide smartphone sales for the first time in the third quarter of 2018, only behind Samsung.Some Chinese brands are also becoming more popular. In many cities in Europe, stores sell TCL televisions, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers. They're not___5___ (simple) made in China, ___6___designed in the country.Western countries have been enjoying Chinese food for a long time. Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishes___7___ (meet) local people's tastes.With its rapid___8___ (grow), China has been displaying 9 increasingly great influence when fitting in___10___the world.答案与解析小题狂练1.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。
第06讲非谓语动词(讲)高考英语二轮复习(全国通用)(教师版)
第06讲非谓语动词（讲）【考纲考情】非谓语动词考点，是英语高考必考点之一。
在高考中主要考查：非谓语动词作主语、状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语以及独立成分等。
在高考中主要考查点分别有：1.动词不定式的正确运用，尤其是被动式、进行式和完成式的正确运用；2.分词的正确运用，尤其是现在分词被动式和完成式的正确运用、现在分词与过去分词作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语的区别以及分词在with复合结构及独立主格结构中的运用；3.动名词的正确运用：介词后接的动名词的用法、常见接动名词作宾语的动词、含动名词的常见固定句型，尤其是被动式和完成式的正确运用以及复合结构的正确识别。
非谓语动词的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空，改错，书面表达中。
【考点梳理】非谓语动词概述非谓语动词是指在句中不是谓语的动词，包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，它除了不能独立作谓语外，是可以承担句子其他成分的。
非谓语动词的形式、意义及句法功能注意：(1)having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别，可以互换，但having been done不能作定语和宾补，强调时间先后，而done有时只强调被动关系。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动，如：fallen leaves落叶。
(3)有时过去分词只表示被动而不强调时间性。
The boy was running along the street, followed by a dog.这个男孩正沿着街道上跑，后面跟着一只狗。
Having eaten at the Cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.蒂娜以前在这个自助餐厅吃过以后，再也不想去那儿吃了。
一、非谓语动词作定语1．不定式作定语不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
非谓语动词讲义 2023届高考英语二轮复习
非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
一、不定式的定义及用法(to do)1.做主语动词不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，常用结构为：It + be + adj. (+for sb. / of sb) + to do sth.; It + takes/took + sb. + some time + to do sth1) It took us four hours to finish the work.2) It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops.3) It is bad for us to become addicted to cigerattes.注意：形式主语结构中如果使用表示人的品质的形容词，如kind, nice, clever等时，应当使用of sb.的结构。
It is very nice of you to help me with the project.2.做宾语(1)有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语need to do sth需要做...decide to do sth决定做...agree to do sth赞同做...aim to do sth目的在于做...attempt to do sth试图做..tend to do sth倾向于做...pretend to do sth假装做...refuse to do sth拒绝做...expect to do sth期待做...还有determine, fail, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, seem, hope, wish等等；I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated.When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it.(2)有些复合结构中，可用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——不定式后置句型结构为：主语+ make, find, feel, believe, consider, think + it +adj/n. + to do sth.I believe it useless to agree with him.I feel it my duty to help others.I consider it important to keep learning.I think it interesting to surf the Internet.(3)“疑问词（how，when，where，what，who）+不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语Tom taught me how to play football.Have you decided where to have the meeting？I do not know what to do next.I do not know whom to ask about it.Will you please tell me which bus to take？I doubt whether to buy a new watch.“疑问词+不定式”结构常用作下列动词的宾语：advise，decide，discuss，explain，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder，doubt3.做宾语补足语(1)动词+ 宾语+ 带to的动词不定式有这种用法的动词有：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, intend, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn等。
2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破08：【非谓语动词】【附答案】
2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破08【非谓语动词】高考英语非谓语动词用法速查速记非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生不定式进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto havebeen done不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doing being done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having donehaving beendone其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成考点一非谓语动词作状语一、不定式作状语1．作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
例：During the Mid－Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。
2．作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
例：Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
3．作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。
高考二轮复习 非谓语动词
答案：Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.
三、非谓语动词的常用句型 1．easy/difficult...to do... Some bad habits such as smoking and drinking aren't easy to get rid of. 像吸烟、酗酒等一些坏习惯不容易改掉。 2 ． prefer to do...rather than do.../would rather do...than do.../would do...rather than do...宁愿做……，而不愿做……
答案：Faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.
2．When I saw a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back.
How should we improve our spoken English? It is a question. →How to improve our spoken English is a question.(不定式短 语作主语) →The question is how to improve our spoken English.(不定式 短语作表语)
[示例] 第一步：写出复合句。 Since you have realized that your time is limited，you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 第二步：把 since 引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词， realize 与 you 之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成 式作状语。 (2014·安徽高考满分作文)Having realized that your time is limited, you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
2020届高考英语二轮复习题型专练：语法填空(二)
1、Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011，the country ①(grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ②past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is ③(actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs，and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ④(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ⑤rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥）runoff. This switch has decreased ⑥(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ⑦(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005——when the government ⑧(start) a soil-testing program ⑨gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7. 7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放）of 51. 8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ⑩(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policy-makers worldwide.” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.2、There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ①(have) to worry about fashion (时尚). Everybody wears ②same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ③gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ④(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ⑤(easy) see them.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ⑥this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades ⑦(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ⑧(wear) the uniform.Other American studies showed no ⑨(connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are ⑩(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.3、On our way to the house，it was raining ①hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ②(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ③dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ④had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ⑤(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya (木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ⑥(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ⑦(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ⑧(huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ⑨(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ⑩(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.4、The Forbidden City in Beijing，home to the Palace Museum，houses more than 1. 8 million cultural relics and is one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions.①(mark) the 600th anniversary of the Forbidden City，the Palace Museum will hold a series of events throughout 2020. Over 20 exhibitions will be held,②(cover) different areas such as history，art，festivals, and so on. For the special occasion, Along the River During the Qingming Festival, one of China’s most ③(wide) known masterpieces, will go on display in September 2020. For ④(it) best preservation, this treasured artwork is seldom fully exhibited. The painting ⑤(display) for the first time back in 2005 to celebrate the museum's 80th anniversary. Such ⑥rare sight is expected to draw huge crowds. In addition to Chinese relics，the museum will also display exhibits from other ⑦(country).During the past few years, the Palace Museum has been working hard to get the public familiar ⑧the history and culture of the Forbidden City. And it seems that these efforts have been paying off，with its ⑨(popular) reaching new heights. Over 17 million people visited the museum in 2018，of ⑩40 percent were under 30 years old. 5、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
非谓语动词课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
判 断 下 列 句 子 应 使 用 谓 语 动 词 还 是 非谓语动词 并
写出答案。
非谓语动词
(1) Grain Rain brings a _m__a_r_k_e_d_ (mark)
increase in temperature.
非谓语动词
(2) To be frank, the fireworks _g_o_i_n_g_o_f_f
1. The graphic consists of four Chinese characters. The graphic stays as a whole.(用 非谓语动词作状语。) Consisting of four Chinese characters, the graphic stays as a whole.
• 5. I went to see you.
（状语）
doing
• 1. Swimming is his favorite sport. （主语）
• 2. He enjoys swimming.
（宾语）
• 3. His favorite sport is swimming. （表语）
• 4. I found him swimming in the rive（r. 宾补）
(7) Around 4,000 years ago in Babylon, the earliest _r_e_co_r_d_e_d_ (record) celebration of the coming of a new year was held. 非谓语动词
(8) The store is also full of things _r_e_la_t_e_d (relate) to cats and dogs.
2024年高考二轮复习-语法填空非谓语动词(答题模版与解题技巧)(解析版)
题型12 语法填空非谓语动词考点解读非谓语动词是语法填空的必考点，重点考查其在句中所充当的句子成分和其对应形式。
非谓语不能单独作谓语，但同时保留动词的某些特征。
没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
判断技巧如果句中已经有谓语动词，且设空处与其不构成并列关系，则考虑设空处使用非谓语动词。
【典例1】with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences.【答案】having【模板】根据判断依据“谓语动词前为主语，系动词后为表语”，可知从句中缺少主语。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：同上。
分析句子结构，空白处在以if为连接词的宾语从句中做主语，使用动名词，故填having。
【典例2】percent more bird species generated similar satisfaction to comparable increase in income.【答案】seeing【模板】根据判断依据“谓语动词前为主语，系动词后为表语”，可知宾语从句中缺少主语。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：一个有趣的发现是，看到多于10%的鸟类种类产生的满足感【典例1】（广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高三测试题）Shandong is willing to work with Italianchapter in the cultural and tourism cooperation and exchanges between the two places, said a senior official from the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism.【答案】to strengthen【模板】1.句中已经有谓语动词，且设空处与其不构成并列关系，则考虑设空处使用非谓语动词。
高考英语二轮复习八种句子成分
2020届二轮复习(十一) 八种句子成分句子不清、理解不明，一见长难句就发懵，皆因句子成分没划清。
划分句子成分、拆分长难句是正确理解、应用复杂句式的必备手段，所以在学习句式之前，先给同学们补上欠缺的这一课。
句子有若干个组成部分，分别承担着不同的作用，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。
英语中的句子成分分为主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。
一、主语——习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。
主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。
但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。
能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、主格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。
当主语为从句时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。
The patient's family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised.(名词作主语)Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语)It's obvious that he was wrong.(代词it充当形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)二、谓语——坚决服从主语“领导”，执行命令雷厉风行谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征，常位于主语之后。
谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。
判断的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系，如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态，如果是被动关系就用被动语态。
2020年高考英语二轮复习短文改错--非谓语动词【带答案】
第二讲非谓语动词一、改正下列句子中的唯一错误：1.For the whole afternoon they sang and danced happily without think about their schoolwork.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】without为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
故将think改为thinking。
2.Having something to do on the train,I couldn't help think about the scene of leaving and felt terribly sorry.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】couldn't help doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“情不自禁做某事”，故将think改为thinking。
3.With my eyes filling with tears,I came into Mr. Li's office.【答案】.filling→filled【解析】此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，fill与宾语eyes之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补4.In regard to protect the environment,we have many things to do.【答案】.protect→protecting【解析】in regard to意为“关于……”，其中to是介词，其后接名词或动名词。
故将protect改为protecting5.Saw the 18 candles burning,I couldn't keep back my tears.【答案】.Saw→Seeing【解析】see在句中作状语，与主语之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
6.We finally realized it isn't easy to being a teacher .【答案】.being→be【解析】it is+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，it充当形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语，to后加动词原形7.I am interested in your culture and want know more about it.【答案】.在want后加to【解析】want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”。
人教版新课标2019-2020 高三下 高考英语二轮语法 复习 非谓语动词含答案
高考英语二轮复习语法专练非谓语动词一、单句填空，用每题括号中所给动词的适当形式填空(基础辨析)。
1.(1) My little brother enjoys nothing but ___________ (listen) to music.(2) My little brother does nothing all day but ___________ (listen) to music.(3) My little brother had no choice but ___________ (listen) to me.2.(1) The problem is worth ___________ (discuss) again.(2) The problem is worthy___________ (discuss) again.(3) The problem is worthy of ___________ (discuss).3.(1) The parents’meeting ___________ (hold) next Saturday is very important.(2) The 29th Olympic Games ___________ (hold) in Beijing was a great success.(3) The parents’meeting ___________ (hold) in our school now is important.4.(1) The room is so dirty that I can’t help ___________ (clean) it.(2) I am too busy, so I can’t help ___________ (clean) the room.(3) The room is too dirty. I can’t help but ___________ (clean) it.5.(1) With many problems ___________ (settle), the president will have a hard time.(2) With the problem ___________ (settle), he had a good sleep last night.(3) With the secretary ___________ (settle) the problem, he is reading the newspaper leisurely in the office.二、单句语法填空(提升强化)。
(江苏专用)2020高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测(六)非谓语动词
专题限时检测(六) 非谓语动词(共3组，限时20分钟)[模拟题组一]1．(2020·镇江一模)China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System has started providing global services, ________ to become complete around 2020.A．being scheduled B．scheduledC．to schedule D．scheduling解析：选B 句意：中国北斗导航卫星系统已开始提供全球服务，计划在2020年左右完成。
be schedule to do sth.“计划做某事”，固定搭配。
2．(2020·苏州一模)________ the food, the foreign guests did enjoy the dinner for the Spring Festival.A．Eat up B．Eaten upC．To eat up D．Having eaten up解析：选 D 句意：把所有的食物都吃掉以后，这些外国的贵宾非常享受中国的春节。
根据句意可知这些外国贵宾与吃掉美食之间是主动关系，而且动作已经完成，所以用现在分词的完成式。
3．(2020·无锡一模)A case of suspected food poisoning in New York has led to 6 high school students ________ to hospital.A．being sent B．sentC．sending D．to be sent解析：选 A 句意：纽约一起有嫌疑的食物中毒案导致六名高中学生被送进了医院。
动词短语lead to 后面应该跟动名词作宾语，且因为学生是被送往医院，所以用动名词的被动式作宾语。
4．(2020·无锡一模)The auto company succeeded in developing a type of new energy vehicle, ________ countless failures.A．experiencing B．to experienceC．to have experienced D．having experienced解析：选 D 句意：在经历了无数次失败过后，这个汽车公司成功研发了一款新能源汽车。
2020届高考英语二轮复习题型专练：语法填空(二)
1、Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011，the country ①(grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ②past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is ③(actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs，and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ④(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ⑤rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥）runoff. This switch has decreased ⑥(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ⑦(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005——when the government ⑧(start) a soil-testing program ⑨gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7. 7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放）of 51. 8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ⑩(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policy-makers worldwide.” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.2、There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ①(have) to worry about fashion (时尚). Everybody wears ②same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ③gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ④(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ⑤(easy) see them.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ⑥this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades ⑦(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ⑧(wear) the uniform.Other American studies showed no ⑨(connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are ⑩(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.3、On our way to the house，it was raining ①hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ②(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ③dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ④had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ⑤(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya (木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ⑥(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ⑦(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ⑧(huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ⑨(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ⑩(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.4、The Forbidden City in Beijing，home to the Palace Museum，houses more than 1. 8 million cultural relics and is one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions.①(mark) the 600th anniversary of the Forbidden City，the Palace Museum will hold a series of events throughout 2020. Over 20 exhibitions will be held,②(cover) different areas such as history，art，festivals, and so on. For the special occasion, Along the River During the Qingming Festival, one of China’s most ③(wide) known masterpieces, will go on display in September 2020. For ④(it) best preservation, this treasured artwork is seldom fully exhibited. The painting ⑤(display) for the first time back in 2005 to celebrate the museum's 80th anniversary. Such ⑥rare sight is expected to draw huge crowds. In addition to Chinese relics，the museum will also display exhibits from other ⑦(country).During the past few years, the Palace Museum has been working hard to get the public familiar ⑧the history and culture of the Forbidden City. And it seems that these efforts have been paying off，with its ⑨(popular) reaching new heights. Over 17 million people visited the museum in 2018，of ⑩40 percent were under 30 years old. 5、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
2024中考英语二轮复习语法专项：非谓语动词课件(42张PPT).ppt
考点五:作定语
1. 动词不定式(短语)作定语时，常放在所修饰词之后。 e.g. I have some clothes to wash.
2. 不及物动词的不定式作定语，与被修饰的词有逻辑上的 被动关系时，不定式后面的介词通常不能省略; 不定式 修饰名词time/place/way时, 其后的介词则常省略。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. My grandma used to have no place to live.
• 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，宾语是它的逻辑主语。 e.g. Just now I heard my sister crying in the room. I didn’t see you come in. Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.
考点五: 作定语
• 非谓语动词是动词的一种形式。 • 非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语。 • 非谓语动词是中考考点之一。
动词不定式
一、动词不定式的构成
英语里的不定式分为带to的不定式(to do)和不带to的不定式 (do或动词原形)。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 ✓ 动词不定式的肯定式: to+动词原形。有时可以省略to。
考点五:作定语
3. 不定式修饰复合不定代词时放在后面，即something/ anything/nothing … + 不定式。 e.g. I had something cold to dink.
考点六:作状语
动词不定式(短语)可在句中表示目的，作目的状语，可位于 句首或句末；还可表示原因，作原因状语。 e.g. To get a good seat she arrived at the hall early. (表示目的)
2020--2021年人教版中考第二轮复习语法专练---非谓语动词(原卷版)
2020--2021年人教版中考第二轮复习语法专练---非谓语动词考点1：动词不定式1．（2020·山东济南市·中考真题）The teacher tells the students ________ hands often in public places.A．wash B．washes C．to wash D．washing 2．（2020·四川巴中市·中考真题）We are tired. Let’s stop ________ a rest.A．have B．having C．to have D．to having 3．（2020·西藏中考真题）Parents should let children ________ home and find more about the world. After all, birds should fly in the sky.A．leave B．to leave C．leaves D．leaving 4．（2020·吉林长春市·中考真题）My friend advises me ____________ comedies to relax myself.A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watched 5．（2020·四川内江市·中考真题）—Don't forget__________ off the lights when you leave the classroom.—OK. I'll do that.A．turn B．turns C．turning D．to turn 6．（2020·江苏常州市·中考真题）—Were you required___________ home during the outbreak of COVID-19?—Yes. Luckily, the Internet made it possible for many of us________ from home.A．to stay; to work B．staying; to work C．to stay; work D．staying; work 7．（2020·四川攀枝花市·中考真题）The doctor warns Jack _____________stop_____________because it is bad for his health.A．to; smoking B．not; to smoke C．to; to smoke D．not to; smoking 8．（2020·广西北海市·中考真题）Now the Chinese government has made laws ________ wild animals.A．protect B．protects C．to protect D．protected 9．（2020·江苏南通市·中考真题）They offered courses_________ students know the importance of protecting the Huanghe River.A．help B．helped C．helps D．to help 10．（2020·云南中考真题）It’s necessary ________ masks（口罩）in public places during the COVID-19 period.A．for us to wear B．for us wearing C．of us wearing D．of us to wear 11．（2020·内蒙古乌海市·中考真题）______ the project as planned, they need to work two more hours a day.A．To finish B．Finishing C．Finish D．To be finished 12．（2020·湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州·中考真题）My sister has gone to work in Beijing, not for money, but ________ herself.A．improve B．improved C．to improve 13．（2020·湖南郴州市·中考真题）—Let’s go to the movies this weekend.—Sorry, but my parents and I have decided ________ to Dongjiang Lake for camping. A．go B．going C．to go 14．（2020·江苏泰州市·中考真题）More and more teenagers have poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take actions ________ the situation from getting worse.A．stop B．stopping C．stopped D．to stop 15．（2020·黑龙江鹤岗市·中考真题）—Dr. Zhong Nanshan preferred ________to Wuhan rather than ________at home safely.—What a great doctor!A．to go; to stay B．go; to stay C．to go; stay 16．（2020·山东青岛市·中考真题）Teachers expect all their students ________ progress day by day.A．to make B．make C．to take D．take 17．（2020·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）My teacher encouraged me __________ English as much as possible.A．to speak B．speak C．speaking 18．（2020·四川泸州市·中考真题）Because of COVID-19 in February, the government advised us_______ to the public places less.A．going B．go C．to go D．gone19．（2020·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）— What's next?— I'll have Tony ________ you around.A．to show B．show C．showed D．shown 20．（2020·四川广元市·中考真题）—What should we pay attention to ________mistakes during the exams?—Some details.A．avoiding making B．avoid to make C．to avoid making 21．（2020·四川达州市·中考真题）— Clara, you have ______ Journey to the West for two weeks.— Sorry, I wanted to give it back but was made _________ Dazhou on business last week. A．borrowed; to leave B．kept; to leave C．kept; leave D．borrowed; leave 22．（2020·四川达州市·中考真题）Our government tries to do everything they can _________ people live a better life.A．to help B．help C．helping D．helped 23．（2020·黑龙江中考真题）We should do what we can ________ those people when they are in trouble.A．to help B．helped C．help 24．（2020·四川成都市·中考真题）—Why do many farmers put their products online these days?—________them more easily.A．To sell B．Sell C．Selling 25．（2020·重庆中考真题）We’d better follow the seven-step hand-washing method__________ healthy.A．to keep B．keep C．keeping D．keeps 考点2：动名词26．（2020·广西河池市·中考真题）—Sam, let's go and play football.—Sorry, I'm busy ________for the final exam.A．prepare B．prepares C．preparing D．to prepare 27．（2020·内蒙古呼和浩特市·中考真题）My mother__________ reading books at home__________ invited to dinners at times.A．preferred; to being B．preferred to; rather than C．preferred; than being D．preferred; to be28．（2020·上海中考真题）The engineers will keep________the project with the manager of the company．A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss 29．（2020·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What did she say in her letter?—She said she was looking forward to ___________to her hometown.A．return B．retuned C．returning D．returns 30．（2020·湖北黄石市·中考真题）He spent two hours ________ his mother with housework last Sunday.A．helping B．helped C．to help D．help 31．（2020·海南中考真题）Frank and his friends had great fun _________volleyball on the beach yesterday.A．play B．playing C．to play 32．（2020·江苏镇江市·中考真题）A lot of museums in China are worth___________. If you have time, you can choose to go.A．visited B．visiting C．to visit D．visit 33．（2020·甘肃天水市·中考真题）We can overcome all the difficulies by ________ together. A．work B．works C．working D．worked 34．（2020·四川乐山市·中考真题）The singer was often seen to practice ____________ songs near the woods three years ago.A．sing B．singing C．to sing 35．（2020·湖南益阳市·）Diana used to _________ to work, but now she is used to ________ because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.A．drive; walk B．drive; walking C．driving; walk考点3：现在分词36．（2020·内蒙古兴安盟·中考真题）-I tried to make Alice ___________ her mind but I found it difficult.-Well, I saw you __________that when I went past.A．changed; do B．changes; doing C．change; to do D．change; doing 37．（2020·山东济南市·中考真题）When I walked past the park, I saw some old people_________ Chinese Taiji.A．do B．doing C．did D．are doing 38．（2020·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市·九年级一模）I heard mother ________with father in the next room at ten last night.A．talk B．talking C．to talk 39．（2020·山东济南市·九年级三模）—What makes you so brave to volunteer in the community?—Because I know that there must be so many people __________ for our support.A．to wait B．wait C．waiting D．waited 40．（2020·江苏扬州市·九年级三模）While all Chinese are fighting COVID-19, medical staff （工作人员）________ on the front line are heroes.A．stood B．stand C．standing D．to stand 41．（2020·辽宁营口市·九年级一模）While I ____on the street, I found a little boy ______ near the park.A．am walking, crying B．was walking, cry C．was walking, crying D．walked, cry考点4：过去分词42．（2020·江苏连云港市·九年级一模）The music ________by Tan Dun sounds________．A．was written；amazing B．written；amazedC．was written；amazed D．written；amazing43．（2020·四川泸州市·九年级一模）Smart phones ________ by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world.A．made B．are made C．to make D．making 44．（2020·江苏南京市·九年级一模）— My iPad has gone wrong. I’ll haveit_______.— Why don’t you have Uncle Wang_______it? Nobody can if he can’t.A．repair; repaired B．repair; repairing C．repairing; repaired D．repaired; repair 45．（2020·山东菏泽市·九年级二模）Your hair is too long. You'd better ________it________. A．have; cut B．have; cutting C．have; to cut 46．（2020·长沙市开福区青竹湖湘一外国语学校九年级三模）The next thing to be done is to get the students ________ in small groups.A．organize B．organized C．organizing 47．（2020·江苏南通市·九年级二模）After World War II, Anne’s father collected her diary and had it ___________ in 1947.A．publish B．to publish C．published D．been published 48．（2020·江苏徐州市·九年级一模）A 32-year-old delivery driver ________ Gao Zhixiao was still working as the virus spread across China.A．called B．is called C．calls D．was called 49．（2020·辽宁沈阳市·九年级二模）The audience enjoyed the lecture ________ by Hans and Einstein joined in the applause too.A．given B．giving C．to give D．gave 50．（2020·哈尔滨市虹桥初级中学校）A terrible disaster ________COVID-19（新冠肺炎）is happening to the earth, we should do more things we can ________the wild animals instead of killing them freely.A．is named, protect B．named, to protect C．named, protecting。
(英语)高考英语二轮复习 专项训练 非谓语动词含解析
（英语）高考英语二轮复习专项训练非谓语动词含解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.A．Understanding B．To be understoodC．Being understood D．Having understood【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：了解你自己的需求和沟通方式与学习传达你的感情和情绪同样重要。
不定式（短语）或动名词（短语）均可作主语，区别在于不定式常表示将来，是特指；而动名词表示一般情况，是泛指。
而本句指的是普遍现象，属泛指，故用动名词较好。
故选A。
2．______ to as much English as possible is a good way to learn English well.A．Exposed B．Being exposed C．Having exposed D．To expose【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：尽可能多的接触英语是学好英语的很好的办法。
这里is是谓语，前面是主语，应该用动名词，而且be exposed to“暴露于，接触”，所以选B。
考点：考查动名词做主语3．Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ________ from the libraryA．to borrow B．borrowed C．to be borrowed D．borrowing【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：怀特抬头给学生看一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。
分析句子可知，这里需要非谓语动词修饰maps，因为maps和borrow是被动关系吗，所以用过去分词做定语，故选B。
高考英语二轮复习 非谓语动词模拟和真题解析精品教案13
高考英语二轮复习精品教案：非谓语动词模拟和真题解析13非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。
非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。
to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说)（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。
①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. weighsC. weighedD. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。
under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds 用作children的定语。
动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。
②______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。
这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。
答案B。
（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语①It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
非谓语动词 评课稿-云南省峨山彝族自治县第一中学2020届高三英语二轮复习
2019--2020学年公开课评课稿峨山一中伏吉芬本堂课汤丽华所讲的内容是高三第二轮复习的语法专项非谓语动词部分的复习。
非谓语动词是英语语法的基础内容，也是高考英语语法考查部分的重点考查内容。
在经过了基础知识复习之后，这一阶段则进行语法题的解题步骤和方法技巧的指导。
以下是我对本堂课的分析。
一教学目标本堂课的教学目标有两点：1、复习非谓语的形式及基本用法 2、指导学生掌握非谓语的正确的答题步骤和解题技巧二教学重点教学重点是非谓语的常见考点及解题技巧三教学难点教学难点是根据不同的情况正确选用非谓语的形式四教学方法本堂课主要采用了复习法和练习法。
这一堂课的教学内容决定了要使用到的教学方法。
教学内容是高三英语语法专题复习，所以有效的方法是对非谓语动词的要点进行归纳总结并通过练习达到掌握和运用。
五教学思路和步骤本堂课快速导入主题---高三英语语法非谓语动词解题技巧。
然后通过以下几个主要步骤展开分析。
第一，非谓语动词概述，具体包括非谓语动词的形式和作用。
第二，非谓语动词的解题步骤。
第三，非谓语动词考点归纳，结合近5年高考试题分析了非谓语动词做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补及独立主格结构。
这样，学生才能详细地掌握本堂课的重点。
第四，强化训练。
通过对非谓语动词的要点的分析，学生有了步骤和方法方面的指导。
接下来让学生完成适当的练习进行巩固所学知识。
第五，课堂小结。
总结本堂课的要点，强化非谓语动词的解题步骤和常见考点。
第六，课后作业。
复习要点并完成所给材料上的练习进一步强化的作用。
六教学手段。
本堂课采用多媒体教学，能在激发学生学习兴趣的同时让学生的大容量高效率地非谓语动词这一语法项目。
对汤老师的课，总的来说是非常成功的，本节课体现了以人为本的教学理念和时代气息，教师的表现相当不错，针对我们学校的学生，汤老师对课件进行了仔细的选择，课件的内容适合学生的水平，难度适中，通过表格把非谓动词阐述的非常清楚，在配以适当的练习，使学生能够理解，学生跃发言，积极回答问题，通过量身定做，调动了大部分同学的积极性。
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2020届二轮复习非谓语动词【考情分析】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。
高中英语非谓语动词十个重要考点：1.考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别2.考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式3.考查非谓语动词完成式的用法4.考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语5.考查非谓语动词用作目的状语6.考查非谓语动词用作结果状语7.考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语8.考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题9.考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题10.考查“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构【知识归纳】考点一：非谓语动词的基本用法1.动词不定式：动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。
1、动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。
及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。
现在以及的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。
句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.3、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。
被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。
它一般在句中作定语或状语用。
如：The truck being repaired there is ours.4、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。
被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。
如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.5、-ing形式的复合结构。
在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。
其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。
这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.3.过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。
过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。
过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。
考点二：非谓语动词作状语（一）现在分词作状语1．现在分词作状语时其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，这时该动词与句子的主语之间往往存在主谓关系。
They entered the theatre，talking and laughing.他们说笑着进了剧院。
2．现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。
一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作，完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。
Not having received a reply，he decided to write again.没有得到答复，他决定再写信去。
The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland.(work与句子的主语the old man之间存在主谓关系，而且work这一动作发生在谓语动作之前)在国外工作了二十年后，这位老人回到了祖国。
Having won the championship，he was awarded a million dollars.因为获得了冠军，他被奖励100万美元。
【提醒】通常现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，即彼此间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
但generally speaking, strictly speaking, roughly speaking, judging from等词组不受这种语法限制。
如：Generally speaking，children like playing in the fields.一般来说，孩子们喜欢在田野里玩。
Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.从他说的话来判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。
（二）过去分词作状语1．过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在动宾关系。
Given the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.(这里give与句子的主语these teenage soccer players之间存在动宾关系)给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天会成为国际明星。
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.倘若给予更多的关注，这些树会生长得更好。
2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。
此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，stationed (驻扎)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
【提醒】作状语时，是用动词ing形式还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间的关系。
如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用动词-ing形式；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。
请记住下面的例子，并细心体会。
注意：句子的主语改变了，分词的形式也要相应地发生变化。
试比较：Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。
(see 与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)（三）不定式作状语1．作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。
To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)2．用于：so...as to...；such...as to；enough to...；too...to；only to等结构中往往用来作结果状语。
He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告知所有的票已经卖完了。
(“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell和主语he之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。
)【提醒】不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的结果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
His parents died，leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。
3．与形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用作原因状语。
这些形容词主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。
如：I’m very glad to hear the news. 听到这个消息我非常高兴。
考点三：非谓语动词作定语1．现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。
Be quiet.There’s a sleeping baby.安静点，这儿有一个正在睡觉的孩子。
2．过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成The developed countries also need help from any other country in the world.发达国家也需要世界上其他国家的帮助。
“Things lost never come again！”I couldn’t help talking to myself.“失去的东西再也不会回来！”我情不自禁地自言自语。
3．动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作The problem to be discussed is of great importance.要讨论的这个问题很重要。
考点四：非谓语动词作宾补1．过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。