A Demo of OptimixJ
Roche MagNA Lyser 产品说明书
Ordering Information Cat. No. Product ***********MagNA Lyser Instrument (230 Volt)***********MagNA Lyser Instrument (110 Volt)(Instruments supplied with rotor and rotor cooling block)***********MagNA Lyser Green Beads (100 tubes)Related Products Cat. No. Product***********MagNA Pure LC DNA Isolation Kit II (Tissue)***********MagNA Pure LC mRNA Isolation Kit II (Tissue)03 330 591 001MagNA Pure LC RNA Isolation Kit III (Tissue)***********MagNA Pure LC DNA Isolation Kit III (Bacteria, Fungi)***********MagNA Pure LC RNA Isolation Tissue Lysis Buffer – Refill (70 ml)System DescriptionHomogenize up to 16 samples in just a few seconds.Save valuable lab space with a small benchtop instrument.Reduce hands-on time by replacing the mortar and pestle and other manual methods.Integrate your workflow with the automated nucleic acid isolation of the MagNA Pure LC Instrument.Perform consistent and reproducible sample disruption.Process many different sample types.Prevent nucleic acid degradation with the benchtop cooling unit.Ease your setup with a removable rotor and prefilled disposable vials.Automate with an easy-to-use instrumentVersatile, efficient, and rapid pre-preparationFigure 71. Add your sample and lysis buffer to the MagNA Lyser Green Beads.2. Homogenize with the MagNA Lyser Instrument.3. Centrifuge to pellet the debris.4. Proceeed with the supernatant to prepare nucleic acids or proteins.For detailed information,visit or contact your local representative.Trademarks:MagNA Pure, MagNA Lyser, LightCycler, and the MagNA Pure Logo are trademarks of a member of the Roche Group.The technology used for the LightCycler System is licensed from Idaho Technology Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA.Fully automated sample preparationon the PCR Workflow SystemRoche Diagnostics GmbH Roche Applied Science Nonnenwald 282372 Penzberg Germany0000Roche Applied Science Part of Roche DiagnosticsMagNA Lyser InstrumentStart the Ball Rollingwith Automated Tissue HomogenizationᕤᕣᕢᕡFigure 6Components of the system.The MagNA Lyser InstrumentAutomated tissue homogenizationProcessing conditionsRefer to the following tables for guidelines on setting up your homogenizationSample material(10 mg)*Time settings(seconds)Cooling(between the runs)Speed Average yield(µg)***Average purity(OD 280/260 nm)***Spleen 2 x 25 906,00030–40 1.9Liver 25-6,00016–18 1.8Lung 2 x 25906,00025 1.8Kidney25-6,000201.8Maize leaves **20-5,00010n.d.Maize polenta **20-5,0008n.d.Tortilla chips **20-5,0001n.d.*Aliqout containing 10 mg sample material (here mouse and food samples) was taken for the DNA purificationusing the MagNA Pure LC DNA Isolation Kit II (Tissue), (see pack insert)**Centrifugation after the homogenization for 5 minutes at 2,200 x g*** Yield and purity strongly depend on the condition of the sample material n.d.not determinedData kindly provided by Dr. Peterhänsel, RWTH Aachen, GermanyFigure 1Gel electrophoresis from genomic DNA isolated from tissue homogenized with the MagNA LyserInstrument, using the MagNA Pure LC DNA Kit II (Tissue).Marker: DNA Marker III*Aliquot containing 10 mg sample material (here mouse and human research samples) was taken to purify RNAeither with the MagNA Pure LC RNA Isolation Kit III (Tissue) or the MagNA Pure LC mRNA Isolation Kit II (Tissue) homogenized with the MagNA Lyser Instrument.** Yield and purity strongly depend on the condition of the sample material. The yield for mRNA was not determined.Sample material(10 mg)*Time settings(cycles/seconds)Cooling(between/afterthe runs in seconds)SpeedAverage yield (mg)(total RNA)**Average purity(OD 280/260 nm)**RNA/mRNARarely expressed targets in small numbers of target cells,as seen in experiments about minimalresidual diseases,are difficult to detect.Increasing the cell number can improve sensitivity and lead to accurate results.Without the MagNA Lyser pre-processing,the MagNA Pure mRNA HS Kit can efficiently obtain mRNA from a maximum of 1 x 107white blood cells (WBCs),as shown in research studies with human samples.However,using greater cell numbers results in a saturation effect with quantitative assays (Figure 3).Homogenization of the lysate with the MagNA Lyser Instrument prior to the purification eliminatesthe amplification saturation at 1 x 107cells and allows the use of up to 2.5 x 107WBCs (Figure 4 and 5),enhancing the analytical sensitivity of the assay.Eliminate sensitivity barriers with increased sample inputFigure 3mRNA was purified from different amounts of human white blood cells with the MagNA Pure mRNA HS Kit. G6PDH was amplified using the LightCycler t(9;22) Quantification Kit (see text beside).Figure 4mRNA was purified from different amounts of human white blood cells with the MagNA Pure mRNA HS Kit. The lysates from 2.5 x 107cells and 5 x 107cells were homogenized with the MagNA Lyser Instrument (2x50 seconds with 90 seconds cooling in between) prior to the mRNA purification. G6PDH was amplified using the LightCycler t(9;22) Quantification Kit (see text beside).Figure 5Scalability from 1 x 106cells to 2.5 x 107cells is represented in the graph and the table of the relationship between crossing points and cell numbers. The limitation of cell input is indicated by no change in crossing point with increased cell number (see text beside).Cell number 5 x 1072.5 x 1071 x 1075 x 1061 x 106Log (cell number)7.77.47.06.76.0Crossing point 20.320.321.822.424.4crossingpointLog(cell number)252423222120195.86.36.87.37.8Figure 2Gel electrophoresis from total RNA isolated from tissue homogenized with the MagNA Lyser Instrument, using the MagNA Pure LC RNA Kit III (Tissue).Ma r k e rS p l e e nL i v e rL u n gK i d n e yM a r k e rMa i z e l e a v e sMa i z e l e a v e sS p l e e nL i v e r11 kb5 kb5 kb28 S rRNA 18 S rRNASpleen 2 x 50 90 6,500–7,000 30–40 1.9Liver 50 - 6,500–7,000 13–17 2.0Thymoid tissue60906,500n.d.n.d.Heart 60 90 6,500 n.d. n.d.Abdominal fat 60 90 6,500 n.d. n.d.Aorta 60 90 6,500 n.d. n.d. Other samples1+n x 50 90 6,500–7,000- -1 x 105 x 101 x 10- 5 x 101 x 105 x 105 x 10- 5 x 102.5 x 10 5 x 10。
人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT4 Section Ⅲ 练习含答案
SectionⅢUsing Language,Assessing Your Progress&Video Time课后·训练提升一、单词拼写.John stood out among the c and was chosen as chairman of the committee..It makes you read the next e to find out what’s going to happen in the novel..His sole m was to make her happy..She got into the car and started the m and set off for home.is one of the major sources of the Chinese culture..A fishing boat sank because of the r sea waves.skilfully guided the ship over the dangerous part of the sea..He made a c to pay the rent on time.1.万一她有个三长两短怎么办?anything should happen to her?2.这种化学变化能放出热和光。
by this chemical change.3.要是没有水,植物就无法生长。
water,no plant could grow.’t for4.作为保持健康的方式,没有什么比得上游泳。
swimming as a means of keeping fit.5.我必须做点什么去报答他的帮助。
.ALike many American people,I have a “bucket list”.It’s something along the lines of the “top-10-things-to-see-or-do-before-you-die” lists published on travel web sites.“Set foot on all seven continents” has always been on my list.This past February,after nearly six months of planning,I was fortunate to be able to knock off two—the most amazing being Antarctica,the other South America.I chose an optimal time to go—summer in the southern hemisphere(半球)—and found a tour company online that was able to accommodate my needs.It is a costly adventure,especially when travelling solo,but the company put together a package for me that was perfect.The company not only got me to the continent,but allowed me the opportunity to set foot on it.Many tour companies will put you on a ship that sails through the area,weaving between islands and giving views of the shore.But to actually set foot on the continent is a rare and impressive treat.One of the tour leaders on our boat estimated that the total number of people who have actually set foot on this land—tourists,scientists and explorers—would only fill a very large football stadium.This is because tourism to Antarctica didn’t really exist until roughly 15 years ago and has only recently taken off in popularity.There are also rules and restrictions for visiting set up by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators.Take nothing away,and leave nothing behind.My plan was simple.Arrive in Ushuaia,Argentina,and get on the M/V Orlova,an ice-strengthened Russian ship,to spend 10 days exploring Antarctica.We saw paradise in a frozen form.No traffic noise,no pollution,no road rage—just clear skies,fresh air and undisturbed beauty for miles.Months later,I still wish I could be there sitting with the penguins,taking it all in,smile firmly frozen in place.1.When the author started his travel,what season was it in America?A.Spring.B.Summer.D.Winter.“I chose an optimal time to go—summer in the southern hemisphere...”可知,作者是在美国是冬季的时候出发的。
OpticsExpress模版
OpticsExpress模版Instructions for the preparation of a manuscript for OSA Express JournalsDan McDonold1 and Theresa Miller2,3,*1Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington,D.C. 20036, USA2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20036,USA3Currently with the Department of Electronic Journals, Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20036, USA*opex@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.htmlAbstract:Updated 1 February 2016. Explicit and detailed rules are givenfor preparing a manuscript for OSA Express Journals. After a generalintroduction and a summary of the basic requirements, specific guidelinesare given for all major manuscript elements (such as abstract, headings,figures, tables, and references) to achieve optimal typographic quality. Theuse of complete and properly formatted references is particularly important.Adherence to these guidelines will significantly expedite the production ofyour paper.2016 Optical Society of AmericaOCIS codes: (000.0000) General; (000.2700) General science.References and links1.P. J. Harshman, T. K. Gustafson, and P. Kelley, ―Title of paper,‖ J. Chem. Phys. 3, (to be published).2.K. Gallo and G. Assanto, ―All-optical diode based on second-harmonic generation in an asymmetricwaveguide,‖ J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16(2), 267–269 (1999).3. B. R. Masters, ―Three-dimensional microscopic tomographic imagings of the cataract in a human lens in vivo,‖Opt. Express 3(9), 332–338 (1998).4. D. Yelin, D. Oron, S. Thiberge, E. Moses, and Y. Silberberg, ―Multiphoton plasmon-resonance microscopy,‖Opt. Express 11(12), 1385–1391 (2003).1. IntroductionAdherence to the specifications listed in this style guide is essential for efficient review and publication of submissions. Since OSA does not routinely perform copyediting and typesetting for the express journals, the use of the macros in this style guide is critical to providing a consistent appearance.OSA Publishing’s express jou rnals create archival-quality XML along with PDF output. XML is the industry standard for producing and archiving scientific journal articles and is used in producing all other OSA journals. Having full-text XML will allow the express journals to be indexed more accurately and completely in MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and other databases; it will also allow the journal to meet its archival obligations and to prepare for new services, such as full-text semantic search and repurposing of content.OSA accepts Word and LaTeX submissions; however, we encourage authors to submit papers in MS Word. OSA will not publish the same Word file that authors submit for their final revisions, so it is imperative that authors carefully check the final version of their paper before paying the publication fee. OSA uses a Word plug-in called eXtyles to normalize, format, tag, and parse the file into full-text XML. eXtyles automatically reformats, checks, and updates the references against the CrossRef and PubMed databases. In addition to running other auto-redact editing rules, eXtyles checks all reference, figure, table and equation callouts in the text to ensure all items are cited.Except for numbering and titling of sections, which may not be desirable for short articles, the express journal style and layout rules have been followed in this guide. There is a checklist available in Section 6 that summarizes the style specifications. 2. Page layout and lengthPaper size should be U.S. Letter, 21.505 cm x 27.83 cm (8.5 in. x 11 in.). The printing area should be set to 13.28 cm x 21.54 cm (5.25 in. x 8.5 in.); margins should be set for a 2.54-cm (1 in.) top and 4.11-cm (1.625 in.) left, right, and bottom.To maintain a rapid publication cycle, the recommended page length for an express journal article is 6 pages. Higher publication fees apply to articles 7–15 pages in length. There is an additional per-page fee for manuscripts longer than 15 pages.3. SoftwareOSA Express Journals accepts Word and TeX files.4. Typographical styleAll fonts for text should be some version of Times New Roman. Text should be 10-pt., the title should be 18-pt., and the affiliation and references should be 8-pt. Do not add hyphenation at the end of a line.4.1 TitleCenter the title. The title should be in 18-pt. bold font. Use initial cap for first word in title or for proper nouns. Use lowercase following colon. Title should not begin with an article or contain the words "first," "new" or "novel."4.2 Author nameCenter author names in 10-pt. bold font. Author names should appear as used for conventional publication, with first and middle names or initials followed by surname. Every effort should be made to keep author names consistent from one paper to the next as they appear within OSA publications.4.3 Author affiliationAll authors and affiliations should be styled in the following below. If all authors share one affiliation, superscript numbers are not needed. The corresponding author will have an asterisk correlating to an email address. All authors must be grouped together using superscripts to callout each affiliation. Hard returns (Enter key) must be used to separate each individual affiliation. Abbreviations should not be used. Center the e-mail address of author(s) directly below the affiliation. Please include the country at the end of the affiliation.Dan McDonold1 and Theresa Miller2,*1Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA 2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA*opex@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.htmlOption 1 for affiliation line with two email addresses (only one for the corresponding author)Dan McDonold1,3 and Theresa Miller2,*1Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA 2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA3xyz@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.html*opex@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.htmlOption 2 for affiliation line with two email addresses (no asterisk used to denote corresponding authorship, implying that the two email addresses share corresponding authorship equally)Dan McDonold1,3 and Theresa Miller2,41Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA 2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA3xyz@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.html4opex@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.html4.4 AbstractBegin the section with the word ―Abstract:‖ in bold print followed by a colon. Indent left and right margins 1.27 cm (0.5 in.). Font size should be 10-pt. and alignment double (left and right) justified.The abstract should be limited to approximately 100 words. It should be an explicit summary of the paper that states the problem, the methods used, and the major results and conclusions. It also should contain the relevant key words that would allow it to be found in a cursory computerized search. If the work of another author is cited in the abstract, that citation should be written out without a number, [e.g., journal, volume, first page, and year (Opt. Express 22, 1234 (2014).)], and a separate citation should be included in the body of the text. The first reference cited in the main text must be [1]. Do not include numbers, bullets, or lists inside the abstract.4.5. CopyrightThe line immediately following the abstract should be2016 Optical Society of Americain 9-pt. type. Please be sure to update this line with the appropriate publication year if needed. Indentation should match the abstract, i.e., 1.27 cm (0.5 in.). Insert a 4-pt. space above and below the copyright line. See the first page of these instructions.4.6 OCIS subject classificationOptics Classification and Indexing Scheme (OCIS) subject classifications should be included at the end of the abstract. OCIS codes should be provided to help with indexing. List the OCIS code in parenthesis, followed by the term spelled out; separate OCIS terms with semicolons. Each paper must contain two to six OCIS codes. Use 8-pt. type for this line. Please avoid using OCIS codes (000.0000) General or (000.2700) General science, and instead customize these codes to best represent the topics of your manuscript.OCIS codes can be selected during upload. Follow the link for a complete listing.OCIS codes: (260.1440) Birefringence; (050.1950) Diffraction gratings4.7 Main textThe first line of the first paragraph of a section or subsection should start flush left. The first line of subsequent paragraphs within the section or subsection should be indented 0.62 cm (0.2 in.). All main text should be alignment double (left and right) justified.Section headings may be numbered consecutively and consistently throughout the paper in Arabic numbers and typed in bold. Use an initial capital letter followed by lowercase, except for proper names, abbreviations, etc. Always start headings flush left. Do not include references to the literature, illustrations, or tables in headings. Insert a 6-pt. space above and below each section heading as shown in this paper.Subsection headings may be numbered consecutively in Arabic numbers to the right of the decimal point, with the section number to the left of the decimal point as shown in this paper. Subsection headings should be in italics, with an initial capital letter followed by lowercase, except for proper names, abbreviations, etc. Start subsection headings flush left. Do not include references to the literature, illustrations, or tables in headings. Create a 6-pt. space above and below each subsection heading as shown in this paper.Numbering of section headings and subsection headings is optional but must be used consistently throughout papers in which it is applied.4.8 EquationsThe express journals do not accept equations built using the Word 2007 or 2010 Equation Builder. All display equations should be created in MathType (or the Microsoft Equation editor from Design Science). Inline equations can be created with these tools or by using keyboard and Unicode characters where needed for the best quality line spacing. We stronglyencourage authors to use MathType 6.7. Note that LaTeX users can type LaTeX code directly into MathType for rendering in Word.Equations should be centered, unless they are so long that less than 1 cm will be left between the end of the equation and the equation number, in which case they may run on to the next line. Equations should have a 6-pt. space above and below the text. Equation numbers should appear at the right-hand margin, in parenthesis. For long equations, the equation number may appear on the next line. For very long equations, the right side of the equation should be broken into approximately equal parts and aligned to the right of the equal sign. The equation number should appear only at the right hand margin of the last line of the equation:(1)All equations should be numbered in the order in which they appear and should be referenced from within the main text as Eq. (1).In-line math of simple fractions should use parentheses when necessary to avoid ambiguity; for example, to distinguish between 1/(n - 1) and 1/n - 1. Exceptions to this are the proper fractions such as ?, which are better left in this form. Summations and integrals that appear within text such as ()-1211-22n n n n =∞=∑ should have limits placed to the right of the symbol to reduce white space. Use MathType, Design Science Equation Editor, or Unicode character sets for in-text and display notation wherever possible.4.9 References and linksReferences should appear at the top of the article, below the abstract, in the order in which they are referenced in the body of the paper (see below). The font should be 8-pt. aligned left. Lines should be single-spaced. The words ―References and links ‖ should head the section (no number) in bold print followed by one blank line, directly above the first reference. Insert a 6-pt. space above the ―References and links ‖ line. All references should be indented 0.5 cm (0.2 in), with succeeding lines indented sufficiently to preserve alignment. The references section should be delimited by horizontal rules above and below the section, separated by at least 6-pts. of white space from the text.OSA Express Journals use numerical notation in brackets for bibliographic citations. At the point of citation within the main text, designate the reference by typing the number in after the last corresponding word [1]. Reference numbers should precede a comma or period [2]. Two references [3,4], should be included together, separated by a comma, while three or more consecutive references should be indicated by the bounding numbers and a dash [1–4].The express journals follow the following citation style:Journal paperFor journal articles, authors are listed first, followed by the article’s full title in quotes, the journal’s title abbreviation, the volume number in bold, the issue number in Roman and parenthesis, inclusive page numbers, and the year in parentheses. Journal titles are required. Do not include web addresses in published journal citations —these will be added post-publication.1. C. van Trigt, ―Visual s ystem-response functions and estimating reflectance,‖ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14(4), 741–755 (1997).2.S. Yerolatsitis, I. Gris-Sánches, and T. A. Birks, ―Adiabatically-tapered fiber mode multiplexers,‖ Opt. Express22(1), 608–617 (2014).Journal paper identified by paper numberDo not provide the number of pages; the paper number is sufficient.3.L. Rippe, B. Julsgaard, A. Walther, Y. Ying, and S. Kr?ll, ―Experimental quantum-state tomography of a solid-state qubit,‖ Phys. Rev. A 77, 022307 (2008).BookFor citation of a book as a whole or book chapter, authors or editors are listed first, followed by title in italics, and publisher and year in parenthesis. Chapter number may be added if applicable.4.T. Masters, Practical Neural Network Recipes in C++ (Academic, 1993).5. F. Ladouceur and J. D. Love, Silica-Based Buried Channel Waveguides and Devices (Chapman & Hall, 1995),Chap. 8.Article in a bookFor monographs in books, authors are listed first, followed by article’s full title in quotes, the word ―in,‖ followed by the book title in italics, the editors of the book, and the publisher and publication year in parenthesis.6. D. F. Edwards, ―Silicon (Si),‖ in Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, E. D. Palik, ed. (Academic, 1985). Paper in published conference proceedings7.R. E. Kalman, ―Algebraic aspects of the generalized inverse of a rectangular matrix,‖ in Proceedings ofAdvanced Seminar on Generalized Inverse and Applications, M. Z. Nashed, ed. (Academic, 1976), pp. 111–124. Paper published in OSA conference proceedings8.R. Craig and B. Gignac, ―High-power 980-nm pump lasers,‖ in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol.2 of 1996 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1996), paper ThG1.Paper in unpublished conference proceedings9. D. Steup and J. W einzierl, ―Resonant THz-meshes,‖ presented at the Fourth International Workshop on THz Electronics, Erlangen-Tennenlohe, Germany, 5–6 Sept. 1996.SPIE proceedingsFor later SPIE proceedings with a paper number, cite just the paper number and not any page information.10.S. K. Griebel, M. Richardson, K. E. Devenport, and H. S. Hinton, ―Experimental performance of an ATM-based buffered hyperplane CMOS-SEED smart pixel array,‖ Proc. SPIE 3005, 254–256 (1997).11.S. Gu, F. Shao, G. Jiang, F. Li, and M. Yu, ―An object ive visibility threshold measurement method forasymmetric stereoscopic images,‖ Proc. SPIE 8205, 820505 (2011).IEEE proceedings12.T. Darrel and K. Wohn, ―Pyramid based depth from focus,‖ in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on ComputerVision and Pattern Recognition (IEEE, 1988), pp. 504–509.Paper accepted for publication13. D. Piao, ―Cancelation of coherent artifacts in optical coherence tomography imaging,‖ Appl. Opt. (to be published).14. D. W. Diehl and T. D. Visser, ―Phase singularities of the longitudinal fie ld components in the focal region of ahigh-aperture optical system,‖ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, doc. ID 56789 (posted 11 November 2005, in press).Manuscript in preparation15.J. Q. Smith, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, N.Y.14623, and K. Marshall are preparing a manuscript to be called ―Optical effects in liquid crystals.‖Personal communication 16.T. Miller, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.,Washington, D.C., 20036 (personal communication, 2010).Electronic citationsInternet links may be included as references. Internet links should list the author, title (substitute file name, if needed), and thefull URL (universal resource locator). Include the date of access, if relevant.17.Extreme Networks white paper, ―Virtual metropolitan area networks,‖ (Extreme Networks, 2001),/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.html /technology/whitepapers/vMAN.asp.18. A. G. Ramm, ―Invisible obstacles,‖ /doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.html /abs/math-ph/0608034.4.10 AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments should be included at the end of the document. The section title should read ―Acknowledgments‖ in 10-pt. bold font. The section title should not follow the numbering scheme of the body of the paper. The body of the section should follow the font and layout of the body of the paper (see Subsection 4.7 above). Please identify all appropriate funding sources by name and contract number in the Acknowledgment section.OSA participates in Cross Ref’s Funding Data, a service that provides a standard way to report funding sources for published scholarly research. To ensure consistency, please be sure to add any funding sources and contract numbers from your Acknowledgments to Prism during submission, and update with any changes to your funding sources and contract numbers in Prism during any revision stages.5. Figures, supplementary materials, and tables5.1 FiguresFigures should be included directly in the document. All photographs must be in digital form and placed appropriately in the electronic document. All illustrations must be numbered consecutively (i.e., not by section) with Arabic numbers. The size of a figure should be commensurate with the amount and value of the information conveyed by the figure.Authors must use one image file per figure. Figures must be inserted as objects that are fixed and move with the text, not as floating objects. Figures should never be placed in a table environment or embedded inside the text.All the figures should be centered. No part of a figure should go beyond the typing area. Place figures as closely as possible to where they are mentioned in the text. Figures should be numbered consecutively in the order of appearance and citation in the text. Be sure to cite every figure.All figure captions should be centered beneath the figure. Longer figure captions should be centered beneath the figure and alignment double (left and right) justified, but are not to exceed the left and right edge of the figure by more than 0.5 in. The abbreviation ―Fig.‖ for figure should appear first followed by the figure number and a period. Captions should be in 8- pt. font. At least one line of space should be left before the figure and after the caption.Fig. 1. Sample figure.5.2 Supplementary materials in OSA express journalsMost OSA journals allow authors to include supplementary materials as integral parts of a manuscript. Such materials are subject to the same editorial standards and peer review procedures along with the rest of the paper and should be uploaded and described using OSA’s Prism manuscript system.Authors can submit appropriate visualizations or small data files (see details below) for OSA to host. Large datasets and code or simulation files can be included but must be placed in an appropriate archival repository and cited as described here. Table 1. Supplementary Materials Supported in OSA Journals aa Optica(see Supplementary Materials in Optica for details). For all other OSA journals, supplemental text must be included as appendices within the primary manuscript.Video visualizations (formerly media files) are the most commonly submitted type of supplementary materials for the express journals. They typically illustrate a synopsis of research results. They are integral and as such should be included only when they convey essential information beyond what can be presented within the article's PDF representation. Video visualizations should be uploaded upon submission and peer-reviewed along with the manuscript. Video files must use open compression standards for display on broadly available applications such as VLC, Apple QuickTime, or Windows Media Player. MOV, AVI, MPG, and MP4 video containers are accepted. The following video guidelines will help with the submission process:15 MB is the recommended maximum video file size.720 x 480 pixels (width by height) is the recommended screen size.If appropriate, insert a representative frame from the video in the manuscript as a figure.Minimize file size by using an acceptable codec such as QuickTime, x264, or XviD.HandBrake is an open source tool for converting video to common codecs.Videos must be playable on all platforms using QuickTime or VLC.Animations must be formatted into a standard video container.Visualizations must be associated with a figure, table, or equation OR be referenced in the results section of the manuscript. Use the label "Visualization" and the item number toidentify the visualization.Fig. 5. Three traps create three rings of magnetic nanoparticles. The rings interact with oneanother (see Visualization 3). [From Masajada et al., Opt. Lett. 38, 3910 (2013).]Please refer to the Author Guidelines for Supplementary Materials for more detailed instructions and other acceptable supplementary material types.5.3 TablesTables should be centered and numbered consecutively. Authors must use Word’s Table editor to insert tables. Authors must not import tables from Excel. All content for each table should be in a single Word table (do not split content for a single table across multiple Word tables). Tables should use horizontal lines to delimit the top and bottom of the table and column headings. Detailed explanations or table footnotes should be typed directly beneath the table, but not in a table cell. Table footnote labels should be text; numbers or special characters are not permitted. Position tables as closely as possible to where they are mentioned in the main text.Table 2. Optical Constants of Thin Films of Materials a83.4 nm 121.6 nmMaterial n K n kIr 1.182 0.865 1.450 1.040MgF2 1.584 0.487 1.682 0.0627Al 0.09874 0.1915 0.0424 1.137Mo 0.98 1.08 0.78 1.03C 1.16 1.29 1.85 1.10a From Appl. Opt. 40, 1128 (2001).6. Article thumbnail uploadAuthors have the option to upload a thumbnail image that will appear next to the published article on the Forthcoming, Current Issue, and Abstract pages. Please note that if authors do not choose a file, OSA Production Staff will choose an image from the submission. For precise representation of an article, we recommend that authors choose and upload the thumbnail image.Authors must submit a .JPG file. The image will be resized automatically to 100 x 100 pixels. For best results, authors should upload an image this size or an image with square dimensions.The 100 x 100 pixel image will be displayed on the article abstract page and a 50 x 50 pixel image will be displayed on the Table of Contents page.Fig. 3. Preview of thumbnail image display on the author submission page.7. SummaryConforming to the specifications listed above is of critical importance to the speedy publication of a manuscript. Authors should use the following style guide checklist before submitting an article.Table 3. OSA Express Journals style guide checklistAuthor Name 10 CenterEmail addressCopyright 9 0.5 in.First paragraph Subsequent paragraphs None0.2 in.subsection is not indented. Thefirst line of subsequentparagraphs is indented 0.2 in.Headings below each heading. Sectionheaders: BoldSubsection headers: Italic Equations 10 None Center Eq. Number: right tab to end oflast line of Eq., in parentheses. References and Links 8 0.2 in. Left Bold ―References and links‖.Delimit with horizontal rules.Figures Centerleft/right.Table Heads 8 None Center Long heads follow table margins.7. ConclusionAfter proofreading, the final step in submitting a manuscript to the express journals is to visit Prism, and submit your manuscript. For further instructions, please see the Optics Express, Biomedical Optics Express, or Optical Materials Express Author Information page.。
外研版英语高二上学期试卷及答案指导(2024年)
2024年外研版英语高二上学期模拟试卷及答案指导一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1、Question: What is the name of the author being discussed in the conversation?A) Jane AustenB) Charles DickensC) Mark TwainD) Emily BrontëAnswer: B) Charles DickensExplanation: The conversation mentions a famous novel by the author, which is “Great Expectations,” a novel by Charles Dickens. Therefore, the correct answer is B) Charles Dickens.2、Question: How does the woman describe her recent trip to the mountains?A) It was very hot.B) It was quite challenging.C) It was very relaxing.D) It was quite expensive.Answer: B) It was quite challenging.Explanation: The woman in the conversation mentions that the hike up the mountain was difficult and required a lot of effort, indicating that it was challenging. Thus, the correct answer is B) It was quite challenging.3、Question 3:Conversation:M: Hi, Sarah. Are you going to the library today?W: Yes, but I’ll be leaving a bit later because I have a class until 3 PM. Q: What does Sarah plan to do after her class?(A) Go home(B) Meet a friend(C) Go to the library(D) Attend a lectureAnswer: CExplanation: The woman indicates that she will go to the library, but only after her class ends at 3 PM.4、Question 4:Conversation:W: Excuse me, Professor White. Could you give me a brief overview of today’s lecture?M: Of course. We discussed the impact of technology on communication in the 21st century.Q: What topic did Professor White cover in his lecture?(A) The history of communication(B) The future of technology(C) The influence of technology on modern communication(D) The development of 21st-century educationAnswer: CExplanation: Professor White explicitly states that the lecture covered the impact of technology on communication in the current century, which aligns with option C.5、Listen to the conversation and answer the question.W: Hey, John, did you know that the average temperature in the city for the past week was 75 degrees Fahrenheit?M: Yeah, that’s quite hig h compared to last year. It was only 60 degrees Fahrenheit last week at this time.Q: What was the average temperature in the city last week at this time last year? A: 60 degrees Fahrenheit解析：This question tests your ability to understand numbers and compare information. The key phrase to listen for is “60 degrees Fahrenheit last year at this time,” which directly gives you the answer.二、听力第二节（本大题有15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）1、Question: What is the name of the author who wrote the book “To Kill a Mockingbird”?Options:A. Jane AustenB. Mark TwainC. Harper LeeD. F. Scott FitzgeraldAnswer: C. Harper LeeExplanation: “To Kill a Mockingbird” is a novel written by Harper Lee. The other options listed are authors of different famous works, but they are not the author of this specific book.2、Question: What is the capital city of France?Options:A. RomeB. ParisC. LondonD. BerlinAnswer: B. ParisExplanation: Paris is the capital city of France. The other options listed are the capitals of Italy (Rome), the United Kingdom (London), and Germany (Berlin), respectively.3.You will hear a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their weekend plans. Listen and answer the question.Question: What activity does Alice plan to do on Saturday afternoon?A. Visit a museumB. Go hikingC. Watch a movieD. Go shoppingAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, Alice says, “I’m planning to g o hiking with some friends on Saturday afternoon. It should be a lot of fun!” This indicates that her plan for Saturday afternoon is to go hiking.4.You will hear a news report about the upcoming climate change conferencein Paris. Listen and answer the question.Question: According to the report, what is the main goal of the conference?A. To discuss the history of climate changeB. To find a solution to the global financial crisisC. To create a global agreement on reducing carbon emissionsD. To promote tourism in ParisAnswer: CExplanation: The news report states, “The main goal of the conference is to reach a global agreement on reducing carbon emissions to combat climate change.” This directly answers the question about the main goal of the conference.5.You will hear a conversation between two students, Tom and Sarah, discussing their weekend plans. Listen to the conversation and answer the question.Question: What does Sarah plan to do on Saturday afternoon?A. Visit a museum.B. Go to a movie with Tom.C. Attend a sports event.D. Have a quiet day at home.Answer: A. Visit a museum.Explanation: In the conversation, Sarah mentions, “I’m thinking of visiting the art museum this Saturday afternoon.” This indicates that her plan is to visit a museum.6.You will hear a news report about a new study on climate change. Listen to the report and answer the question.Question: What is the main finding of the study according to the report?A. Climate change is slowing down.B. The effects of climate change are becoming less severe.C. The rate of global warming is increasing.D. The impact of climate change is minimal.Answer: C. The rate of global warming is increasing.Explanation: The news report states, “The study indicates that the rate of global warming is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, which is causing concern among scientists.” This statement supports option C as the correct answer.7.You hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans. The first student mentions going to the beach, and the second student responds with enthusiasm. What does the second student say?A)“That sounds amazing, I wish I could go with you.”B)“I’m not a big fan of the beach, but I’ll consider it.”C)“I’ve never been to the beach, but I’ll give it a try.”D)“That’s a terrible idea, I prefer staying indoors.”Answer: A)Explanation: The second student expresses enthusiasm for the first student’s plan to go to the beach. The correct response is “That sounds amazing, I wish I could go with you.”8.You hear a conversation between a teacher and a student. The student is asking for advice on choosing a major. The teacher suggests that the student consider their interests and strengths. What does the teacher say?A)“You should choose a major that you’re passionate about.”B)“I think it’s best to choose a major that will make you a lot of money.”C)“You should choose a major that will make your parents happy.”D)“You should choose a major based on what your friends are studying.”Answer: A)Explanation: The teacher advises the student to consider their interests and strengths when choosing a major. The correct response is “You should choose a major that you’re passionate about.”9.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their favorite subjects. Listen to the conversation and answer the question.Question: What subject does the girl prefer?A. MathB. EnglishC. HistoryD. ScienceAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the girl says, “I really like E nglish because it’s both challenging and fun.” This indicates that her favorite subject is English.10.You will hear a dialogue between a teacher and a student about the student’s homework. Listen to the dialogue and answer the question.Question: Why is the student worried about the homework?A. The homework is too difficult.B. The homework is due the next day.C. The student has already completed the homework.D. The student doesn’t understand the instructions.Answer: DExplanation: The teacher asks, “Why don’t you understand the instructions for the homework?” The student responds, “I’m not sure what to do with the data analysis part.” This shows that the student is worried because they don’t understand the instructions.11.You hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans.A)They plan to go hiking.B)They plan to stay at home and study.C)They plan to go to a concert.Answer: B) They plan to stay at home and study.Explanation: In the conversation, one student mentions having a lot of homework and the other agrees that it’s important to focus on studying,indicating that they plan to stay at home.12.You hear a news report about a recent scientific discovery.A) A new type of technology has been developed.B) A famous scientist has passed away.C) A major medical breakthrough has been achieved.Answer: A) A new type of technology has been developed.Explanation: The news report focuses on the introduction of a new technology that has the potential to impact various fields, which is why option A is the correct answer. The other options are not mentioned in the report.13.You will hear a short conversation between two students. Listen and answer the question.Question: What are the students discussing?A. The weather forecast for the weekend.B. The deadline for an upcoming assignment.C. The latest movie they watched together.D. The location of a new café in town.Answer: B解析：In the conversation, the students are talking about the deadline for an upcoming assignment. They discuss the importance of finishing it on time and how they need to manage their time effectively.14.You will hear a short lecture about the impact of social media on young adults. Listen and answer the question.Question: According to the lecture, what is one potential negative effectof social media on young adults?A. Improved communication skills.B. Increased self-confidence.C. Decreased face-to-face social interactions.D. Enhanced educational opportunities.Answer: C解析：In the lecture, the speaker mentions that one potential negative effect of social media on young adults is the decreased face-to-face social interactions. The speaker discusses how excessive time spent on social media can lead to less personal communication and a reliance on digital interactions.15.You will hear a conversation between two students, John and Emily, discussing their favorite subjects. Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the following question.Question: What is the main reason Emily chose her major?A. She is interested in mathematics.B. She wants to study computer science.C. She is passionate about literature.D. She is good at economics.Answer: C. She is passionate about literature.Explanation: In the conversation, Emily mentions that she has always loved reading books and writing stories, which is why she chose to major in literature. Therefore, the correct answer is C. She is passionate about literature.三、阅读第一节（第1题7.5分，其余每题10分，总37.5分）第一题Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions below.In recent years, the importance of environmental protection has been increasingly recognized worldwide. As the global population continues to grow and urbanization expands, the negative impact of human activities on the environment has become more evident. One of the most pressing issues is climate change, which is caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. The rising temperatures are leading to more frequent and severe natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. In addition to climate change, pollution from factories and vehicles has also caused significant damage to ecosystems and human health.Many countries have started to take action to mitigate the environmental problems. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are being developed to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Public transportation systems are being improved to encourage people to use eco-friendly modes of transport. Moreover, governments are implementing stricter regulations on industries to reduce their emissions and promote sustainable practices.Despite these efforts, it is still crucial for individuals to take responsibility for their own actions. Simple lifestyle changes, such as reducing waste, conserving water, and using energy-efficient appliances, can make a significant difference. Education and awareness are also vital in promoting aculture of environmental responsibility.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of renewable energy sourcesB. The negative impact of climate changeC. The role of individuals in environmental protectionD. The importance of public transportation systems2、According to the passage, what are the main causes of environmental problems?A. Climate change and pollutionB. Urbanization and overpopulationC. Deforestation and overfishingD. Fossil fuel consumption and deforestation3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a measure to mitigate environmental problems?A. Developing renewable energy sourcesB. Improving public transportation systemsC. Encouraging people to use eco-friendly modes of transportD. Implementing stricter regulations on industries and promoting sustainable practices4、What is the author’s main point about the role of individuals in environmental protection?A. Individuals should not take responsibility for their actions.B. Simple lifestyle changes can make a significant difference.C. Education and awareness are not important in promoting a culture of environmental responsibility.D. Individuals should only rely on governments and industries to solve environmental problems.Answers:1、C2、A3、C4、B第二题Reading PassageIn the small town of Windermere, nestled between the majestic mountains of the Lake District, there’s a hidden gem known as the Windermere Lake Steamboat Museum. This museum, which opened its doors in 1969, is dedicated to the rich history of steam-powered boats and their impact on the development of the region.The museum’s centerpiece is the world’s last remaining paddle steamer, the MV Balmoral, which was built in 1894. The Balmoral was an engineering marvel of its time, capable of carrying passengers and goods across the waters of Lake Windermere. The museum’s exhibits also include photographs, artifacts, and interactive displays that tell the story of the steamboat era.One of the most fascinating aspects of the museum is the opportunity for visitors to take a short steamboat ride on the lake, just as the early travelers would have done. The experience is not only educational but also offers a unique perspective of the landscape that has changed little over the years.The museum’s founder, Mr.Harold Pegg, was a local historian who had a deep passion for preserving the town’s heritage. He believed that the story of the steamboats was integral to understanding the development of the region and the lives of its people.Questions:1、What is the main focus of the Windermere Lake Steamboat Museum?A. The history of the town of WindermereB. The impact of steamboats on the Lake DistrictC. The life of Mr. Harold PeggD. The history of steam-powered boats and their role in the region2、What year was the MV Balmoral built?A. 1869B. 1894C. 1969D. 19403、What is a unique opportunity offered to visitors at the museum?A. A guided tour of the townB. A talk by a local historianC. The chance to take a steamboat ride on Lake WindermereD. A tasting of local cuisine4、Why did Mr. Harold Pegg establish the museum?A. To attract tourists to the townB. To showcase his own steamboat collectionC. To preserve the history of steamboats in the regionD. To promote the sale of steamboat memorabiliaAnswers:1、D2、B3、C4、C第三题Reading PassageThe following is a passage about the history and impact of the internet on modern life. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.In the late 20th century, the internet began to transform the way people communicate, work, and live. This digital revolution has had a profound impact on various aspects of society, including education, business, and entertainment. The internet has become an indispensable part of our daily lives, connecting people from all corners of the globe.The birth of the internet can be traced back to the 1960s, when the UnitedStates government initiated a project called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). The primary goal of ARPANET was to create a decentralized communication network that could withstand nuclear attacks. Over time, ARPANET evolved into the modern internet we know today.1、What was the original purpose of ARPANET?A. To provide entertainment to the public.B. To create a decentralized communication network that could withstand nuclear attacks.C. To develop advanced research projects.D. To improve the quality of education.2、According to the passage, how has the internet changed our lives?A. It has made people more isolated.B. It has reduced communication between people.C. It has had a profound impact on various aspects of society.D. It has increased unemployment.3、The passage mentions that the internet has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. What does this mean?A. The internet is no longer important.B. The internet is a necessary part of our lives.C. The internet is not necessary for our lives.D. The internet is only important for some people.4、What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history of the internet.B. The impact of the internet on education.C. The impact of the internet on business.D. The impact of the internet on modern life.Answers:1、B2、C3、B4、D第四题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The rise of the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. With just a few clicks, we can now connect with people from all over the world, access a vast array of information, and even purchase products online. This technological advancement has brought both benefits and challenges to our society.In the past, communication was limited to letters, phone calls, and face-to-face meetings. Now, with email, social media, and instant messaging, we can communicate instantly with anyone, regardless of their location. This has greatly increased efficiency and convenience in our daily lives. However, it has also led to a decline in face-to-face interactions and a decrease in written communication skills.Information accessibility has also been greatly enhanced by the Internet. Libraries, once the go-to source for research, are now just one of many options. With a simple online search, we can find articles, books, and other resources in seconds. This has made education and self-learning more accessible to a wider audience. On the other hand, it has raised concerns about the reliability and accuracy of online information.Online shopping has become increasingly popular, offering convenience and a wide variety of choices. Customers can compare prices, read reviews, and even have products delivered to their doorstep. This has changed the retail landscape and forced traditional brick-and-mortar stores to adapt. However, there are concerns about the environmental impact of online shopping and the potential for fraud.1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The advantages of the InternetB. The disadvantages of the InternetC. The impact of the Internet on communicationD. The impact of the Internet on education2、According to the passage, what is one of the challenges brought by the Internet?A. Increased efficiencyB. Decreased face-to-face interactionsC. Enhanced information accessibilityD. Improved communication skills3、How has the Internet affected libraries?A. Libraries have become obsolete.B. Libraries are no longer used for research.C. Libraries are still a valuable resource for research.D. Libraries have been replaced by online searches.4、What is a concern regarding online shopping mentioned in the passage?A. The convenience of online shopping.B. The environmental impact of online shopping.C. The wide variety of choices available.D. The potential for fraud in online transactions.Answers:1、C2、B3、C4、B四、阅读第二节（12.5分）Reading Section IIPassage:In the small coastal town of Porthaven, the community has long cherished its annual summer festival. This year, however, the festival is facing a newchallenge. The local council has proposed a plan to expand the town’s marina, which many residents believe will overshadow the festival and damage the natural beauty of the town.The festival, which has been running for over 50 years, features traditional music, local crafts, and a grand parade. It’s a highlight of the summer for both tourists and residents al ike. However, the council’s proposal has sparked a heated debate among the townspeople.Proponents of the marina expansion argue that it will bring in more tourists, boost the local economy, and provide more docking space for boats. They believe that the additional revenue generated from the expanded marina will be used to improve the town’s infrastructure and public amenities.Opponents, on the other hand, are worried that the expansion will destroy the natural landscape and disrupt the tranquility of the town. They also fear that the increased tourist traffic and commercialization will detract from the festival’s charm and the community’s sense of identity.Questions:1.What is the main issue that the community of Porthaven is currently debating?A. The closing of the local schoolB. The expansion of the town’s marinaC. The relocation of the town’s libraryD. The cancellation of the annual summer festival2.What is the primary concern of the opponents of the marina expansion plan?A. The potential increase in tourismB. The possibility of improved infrastructureC. The potential damage to the natural landscapeD. The potential for increased revenue3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature of the Porthaven summer festival?A. Traditional musicB. Local craftsC. A grand paradeD. An art gallery exhibit4.How do the proponents of the marina expansion plan expect the additional revenue to be used?A. To fund the festival activitiesB. To improve the town’s infrastructureC. To increase the festival’s budgetD. To reduce the town’s taxes5.According to the passage, what is the outcome of the debate over the marina expansion plan?A. The council has decided to cancel the expansion project.B. The town has voted to proceed with the expansion.C. The residents have decided to ignore the council’s proposal.D. The debate is still ongoing, with no clear resolution yet.Answers:1.B2.C3.D4.B5.D五、语言运用第一节 _ 完形填空（15分）完形填空Passage:“Every morning, Tom would wake up early and go f or a run. It was his way of getting ready for the day (1)_____. One morning, he noticed an elderly man sitting on a bench in the park, feeding birds. The old man looked so peaceful and content that Tom decided to (2)_____ him. ‘Good morning, sir,’ Tom gree ted with a smile. ‘Good morning, young man,’ the elderly gentleman replied. ‘I see you’re a runner. It’s a good habit to keep fit.’ Tom nodded, appreciating the (3)_____. They started talking about running, life, and the beauty of (4)_____. The old man shared stories of his youth, (5)_____ Tom with wisdom and laughter. Before leaving, the old man said, ‘Remember, son, it’s not just the destination but the journey that (6)_____.’ Tom waved goodbye, feeling inspired by their conversation. He realized that sometimes, the most unexpected (7)_____ can lead to the most profound moments. From then on, Tom made it a point to(8)_____ and appreciate every step of his journey, knowing that there is always something new to learn and someone new to meet. His runs became more than just exercise; they were opportunities for (9)_____. As days passed, Tom visited the park (10)_____, hoping to meet the old man again. Though the old man didn’t reappear, Tom never forgot his words. He continued to greet each day with (11)_____, to meet people with kindness, and to live his life to the fullest. In his heart, Tom knew that this encounter had changed him for the better.”1.A) ahead B) behind C) forward D) backward2.A) interrupt B) approach C) avoid D) ignore3.A) compliment B) advice C) suggestion D) guidance4.A) nature B) city C) town D) countryside5.A) filling B) providing C) giving D) offering6.A) matters B) exists C) happens D) appears7.A) meetings B) destinations C) journeys D) encounters8.A) slow down B) speed up C) give up D) drop out9.A) discovery B) relaxation C) adventure D) exploration10.A) regularly B) rarely C) occasionally D) seldom11.A) excitement B) disappointment C) sadness D) frustration答案1.C) forward2.B) approach3.A) compliment4.A) nature5.A) filling6.A) matters7.D) encounters8.A) slow down9.A) discovery10.A) regularly11.A) excitement以上就是这次的完形填空练习题及答案。
路德维希·密斯·凡德罗Ludwing-Mies-Van-der-Rohe
German Pavilion of Barcelona International Fair,Spain西班牙巴塞罗那博览会德国馆 巴塞罗那国际博览会德国馆，密斯·范·德·罗旳代表作品，建成于1929年，博览会结束后该馆也随之拆除，其存在时间不足六个月，但其所产生旳重大影响一直连续着。密斯以为，当代博览会不应再具有富丽堂皇和竞市角遂功能旳设计思想，应该跨进文化领域旳哲学园地，建筑本身就是展品旳主体。密斯·范·德·罗在这里实现了他旳技术与文化融合旳理想。在密斯看来，建筑最佳旳处理措施就是尽量以平淡如水旳叙事口吻直接切入到建筑旳本质：空间、构造、模数和形态。
选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 The mass media
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．minimum n．最小值，最少量adj.最低的，最小的2．maximum n．最大量，最大限度adj.最高的，最多的3．discrimination n．辨别力，识别力；歧视，区别对待4．elevation n．提高；提升；海拔5．slogan n．标语，口号6．teapot n．茶壶7．brand n．品牌；类型；烙印8．ambassador n．大使，代表9．placement n．放置；安置10．rating n．收视率；等级，级别11．housing n．住房，住宅12．estate n．住宅区；(通常指农村的)大片私有土地；个人财产，(尤指)遗产13．housing estate住宅区，住宅群Ⅱ.记重点单词1．trap v t.使落入险境；卡住，绊住n．陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼2．release v t.发布；释放；松开；发泄n．释放；发行；排放，泄漏3．ambulance n．救护车4．dozen n．许多；(一)打；十来个5．minor adj.轻微的，次要的6．bath n．洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆7．scream v i.& v t.尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音n．尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音8．bark v i.(狗)吠叫v t.厉声发令n．(狗)吠声；短促响亮的人声；树皮9．choke v t.& v i.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽，(尤指感情激动而)说不出话来10．cigarette n．香烟11．carpet n．地毯；覆盖地面的一层厚东西12．priority n．优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点13．instance n．例子，事例14．false adj.错误的，不真实的；非天生的；假的，伪造的；不真诚的15．citizen n．公民；市民，居民16．found v t.创建，创办；建立，兴建17．politics n．政治，政治事务；(个人的)政治观点，政见18．accuse v t.谴责，控诉19．tax n．税，税款v t.对……征税，使纳税20．mount v i.逐步增加v t.攀登，爬上n．山21．drama n．戏剧；戏剧性事件22．scholarship n．奖学金；学术23．category n．类别，种类24．nevertheless ad v.尽管如此25．witness v t.& v i.是发生……的时间(或地点)，见证；目击；作证；是……的迹象n．目击者，见证人；证人26．edition n．版本；一份，一期；版次27．platform n．计算机平台；站台，月台；讲台，舞台28．interaction n．互动；互相作用29．membership n．(统称)会员，会员人数；会员资格30．chart n．图表；海图；(the charts)排行榜v t.记录；制订计划；绘制区域地图31．broadcast n．广播节目，电视节目v i.& v t.(broadcast，broadcast)播送，广播；散布，传播32．channel n．途径，渠道；电视台；频道；方法；水渠33．peak adj.高峰时期的，最高度的n．顶峰，高峰；山峰；尖端v i.达到高峰，达到最高值34．boost v t.使增长，使兴旺n．增长，提高；帮助，激励35．purchase v t.买，购买n．购买，采购；购买的东西，购买项目36．memorable adj.难忘的，值得纪念的37．sponsor v t.赞助；主办；为慈善活动捐款；资助n．赞助商；为慈善活动捐款的人38．absorb v t.理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力39．discount n．折扣v t.打折出售40．tailor v t.专门制作，定做n．裁缝Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．critical adj.批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的→critic n．批评家；评论家；评论员→critically ad v.批判性地→criticism n．批评，指责→criticize v t.批评，批判2．extend v i.& v t.延伸(距离)；扩大；延长；伸展→extension n．扩展；延长→extensive adj.广泛的；广阔的3．construction n．建筑，建造；建造物→construct v t.建设；修建4．automatic adj.自动的；无意识的，不假思索的→automatically ad v.无意识地；自动地5．investigate v t.& v i.侦查，调查；研究→investigation n．调查；研究6．journalist n．新闻记者，新闻工作者→journalism n．新闻业，新闻工作7．contradict v t.相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥→contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的→contradiction n．矛盾8．factual adj.事实的，真实的→factually ad v.真实地→fact n．事实9．differ v i.相异；意见相左→different adj.不同的→differently ad v.不同地→difference n．不同之处10．conclusion n．结论，推论；结束，结果；签订；达成→conclude v t.& v i.结束；推断出11．accurate adj.正确无误的；精确的→accurately ad v.精确地；准确地→accuracy n．准确(性)；精确(程度)12．committed adj.尽心尽力的→commitment n．承诺，许诺；献身，投入；花费→commit v．犯(罪)；承诺，忠于(某人)13．curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品→curious adj.好奇的→curiously ad v.好奇地14．profession n．行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明→professional adj.专业的；职业的n．专业人员15．advertising n．广告活动，广告业→advertisement n．广告，启事；广告活动，广告宣传→advertise v t.& v i.做广告，登广告；公布，征聘；展现，宣传→advertiser n．广告商16．persuasion n．说服，劝说；信仰→persuade v t.说服；使信服→persuasive adj.有说服力的17．psychology n．心理，心理特征；心理学→psychological adj.心理的；精神上的；心理学的→psychologically ad v.心理上地；心理学地18．amuse v t.(提供)消遣；逗笑→amusement n．娱乐(活动)；愉悦→amusing adj.有趣的；好笑的→amused adj.觉得好笑的1．immigration n．移居，移民人数2．import v t.& n．进口，输入3．incorrect adj.不正确的；错误的4．indicate v t.指示；表明5．industry n．产业Ⅳ.背核心短语1．dozens of很多，许多2．come about发生3．for instance例如，比如4．bring sth to light 揭露，披露5．sum up总结，概括6．be committed to致力于7．mount up (尺寸和数量上)增加，上升8．spring up迅速出现，突然兴起9．get across被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚10．brighten up (使)增添乐趣；使更艳丽11．put out扑灭；出版12．break out爆发13．rely on依靠；依赖14．take...as an example以……为例15．in terms of谈及，就……而言Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor，spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night，leaving people on the upper floors trapped.(leave＋宾语＋宾补)周日晚上的这场火灾被认为起于九楼，并迅速蔓延至整栋大楼，导致九楼以上的人被困。
关于声音的世界作文英语
The world of sound is a fascinating realm that encompasses a vast array of auditory experiences,from the gentle rustle of leaves in the wind to the thunderous roar of a waterfall.It is a world that is both intricate and complex,filled with an endless variety of sounds that can evoke a wide range of emotions and reactions.The Natural SymphonyNature is the ultimate composer of the world of sound.From the early morning chorus of birds to the soothing hum of insects on a summer evening,the natural world is filled with a symphony of sounds that are both beautiful and calming.The sound of raindrops hitting the ground or the gentle lapping of waves against the shore can have a profoundly soothing effect on the human spirit.HumanMade MelodiesIn contrast to the natural world,humanmade sounds can be both harmonious and discordant.Music,for instance,is a form of human expression that can range from the delicate strains of a solo violin to the powerful crescendos of a full orchestra.The world of sound is also filled with the noise of cities,the hum of machinery,and the chatter of people,all of which contribute to the cacophony of urban life.The Science of SoundSound is a wave that travels through a medium,such as air,water,or even solid materials. It is created by vibrations that cause the molecules in the medium to move back and forth. The frequency of these vibrations determines the pitch of the sound,while the amplitude determines its loudness.Understanding the science of sound helps us appreciate the complexity of the auditory world and the technologies that have been developed to capture,reproduce,and manipulate sound.The Impact of SoundSound has a profound impact on our lives.It can influence our mood,behavior,and even our health.For example,certain types of music have been shown to reduce stress and anxiety,while other sounds,such as loud and constant noise,can lead to stress and other health issues.Sound also plays a crucial role in communication,from the spoken word to the subtle nuances of nonverbal cues.The Future of SoundAs technology advances,so too does our ability to explore and manipulate the world of sound.From virtual reality experiences that incorporate3D sound to advancements in hearing aids that can enhance the listening experience for those with hearing impairments, the future of sound is set to become even more immersive and accessible. ConclusionThe world of sound is a rich and diverse tapestry that enriches our lives in countless ways. It is a realm that we often take for granted,yet it plays a vital role in shaping our experiences and interactions with the world around us.By appreciating the complexity and beauty of sound,we can gain a deeper understanding of the auditory world and its impact on our lives.。
Dynamix 1444机器人监控系统说明书
To protect equipment, Dynamix 1444 measures and monitors a machine’s critical dynamic and position parameters and assures appropriate actions are performed, with the recision, reliability, and performance required by industry and regulatory standards.For general condition monitoring, the Dynamix 1444 monitors offer unprecedented signal processing and measurement capabilities allowing you the tools necessary to detect and identify the faults and status across all classes of industrial machinery. You can send information to plant-wide and enterprise-wide databases for storage and trending.With this information, you can take appropriate maintenance action, such as replacing worn-out components before they fail, protecting both production and equipment while reducing maintenance costs. The tight coordination between condition monitoring and the control system allows you to leverage existing investments in visualization and information solutions to improve machine builder and end user productivity and lower total cost of ownership. With Studio 5000™, you can deploy and maintain condition monitoring programming in the same design environment used for automation control.Rockwell Automation provides a set of examples. These examples are called the Dynamix™ Accelerator Toolkit that can aid or speed in the development of the required solution. The Dynamix Accelerator Toolkit includes sample logic and HMI faceplates for use in integrating a Logix controller with a Dynamix 1444 Series Dynamic Measurement Module, using a PanelView™ Plus for visualisation. The kit includes example applications, a Motor Blower application and a Motor Pump application, sample panel, power, and wiring diagram drawings for a typical Dynamix installation, and a Quick Start guide. If you chose (Option B) we will Pre-Load the Accelerator Toolkit for convenience and ease of Start Up.Benefits of the Dynamix 1444 Starter Kit.Need a flexible, scalable, IntegratedCondition Monitoring system that’s easy-to-use and affordable? Looking for easyconfiguration in a Pre-Wired form factor? Need a Pre-Engineered solution that willenable you to protect your key assets? TheDynamix 1444 starter kit is a discounted bundle of hardware or complete Pre-Wired solution that provides everything you need to get started. • The basic objective of a conditionmonitoring system is to detect faultsthat manifest as increased vibration.• The Dynamix™ 1444 Series system isdesigned to serve the protection andcondition monitoring requirements ofrotating and reciprocating industrialmachinery.• Dynamix 1444 allows you to leverageIntegrated Architecture to assesscurrent equipment health, predictpotential issues and help avoiddamage to critical machinery.• The 1443 Series of sensors offersa family of accelerometers andaccessories suitable for mostapplications. We include two Dualoutput AT type sensors output both acceleration and temperaturemeasurements.• Select the Loose Components (OptionA) at an affordable price to build intoyour next project/ Panel or choose thePre-Engineered (Option B) solution tostart Monitoring your key assets to getresults today.Dynamix ™ 1444 Starter Kit Discover the capabilities of the Dynamix 1444 Series systemPublication 1444-PP002A-EN-E – May 2017 Copyright ©2017 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Allen-Bradley, CompactLogix, FactoryTalk View ME, Studio 5000, RSLogix and PanelView are trademarks of Rockwell Automation, Inc. Trademarks not belonging to Rockwell Automation are property of their respective companies.Standard terms, conditions and warranty apply. Promotion valid until 22nd December 2017. Engineering software requires registration and activation. Rockwell Automationreserves the right to amend or terminate this offer at any time.Dynamix 1444 Promotional KitOption A (Components Only, Cat No - 1444-STRT10)5380 Controller and Accessories☐ 5069-L306ER with Terminals ☐ 1783-US5T ☐ 1606-XLE120EEPanelView Plus 7☐ 2711P-T7C22D8S (PV+7 STD, Touch Screen, 6.5”, TFT Color, DLR Ethernet, 24V DC)Dynamix 1444☐ 1 x 1444-DYN04-01RA with Spring Terminals☐ 1 x 1444-TB-A with Spring Terminals☐ 2 x 1443-ACC-AT-T (GP Accel and Temp,Top Exit, 100mV/g, 10mV/°C☐ 2 x 1443-CBL-MS3IBC-16SOption B (Cat No - 1444-STRT11)5370 Controller and Accessories☐ 5069-L306ER with Terminals☐ 1783-US5T☐ 1606-XLE120EEPanelView Plus 7☐ 2711P-T7C22D8S (PV+7 STD, Touch Screen, 6.5”, TFT Color, DLR Ethernet, 24V DC)Dynamix 1444☐ 1 x 1444-DYN04-01RA with Spring Terminals☐ 1 x 1444-TB-A with Spring Terminals☐ 2 x 1443-ACC-AT-T (GP Accel and Temp, Top Exit, 100mV/g, 10mV/°C☐ 2 x 1443-CBL-MS3IBC-16SInstalled & Wired in suitable Enclosure☐ Mounted, Wired, Connected with Electrical Schematics☐ Pre-Loaded with Dynamix Accelerator Toolkit。
高一科学探索英语阅读理解25题
高一科学探索英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>The Big Bang Theory is one of the most important scientific theories in modern cosmology. It attempts to explain the origin and evolution of the universe. According to the Big Bang theory, the universe began as an extremely hot and dense singularity. Then, a tremendous explosion occurred, releasing an enormous amount of energy and matter. This event marked the beginning of time and space.In the early moments after the Big Bang, the universe was filled with a hot, dense plasma of subatomic particles. As the universe expanded and cooled, these particles began to combine and form atoms. The first atoms to form were hydrogen and helium. Over time, gravity caused these atoms to clump together to form stars and galaxies.The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964 provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory. This radiation is thought to be the residual heat from the Big Bang and is uniformly distributed throughout the universe.The Big Bang theory has had a profound impact on modern science. It has helped us understand the origin and evolution of the universe, as well as the formation of stars and galaxies. It has also led to the development ofnew technologies, such as telescopes and satellites, that have allowed us to study the universe in greater detail.1. According to the Big Bang theory, the universe began as ___.A. a cold and empty spaceB. an extremely hot and dense singularityC. a collection of stars and galaxiesD. a large cloud of gas and dust答案：B。
科技英语阅读理解35篇
科技英语阅读理解目录Contents1.Mae Jemison (2)2.Can a Computer Think?……………………………………………………………………(4)3. BlackHoles (6)cation May Protect against Effects of Shrinking Brain (9)5.Radioactivity ……………………………………………………………………………(11)6. Uses of Ultrasound (14)7.Challenges for a Webbed Society (16)8.The World of Robots (19)9.The Scientific Exploration of Space…………………………………………………(21) 10. Improving IndustrialEfficiency through Robotics (24)11. Heat Loss from the Human Body ...............................................................(26) 12. Energy and Public Safety (28)13.Earth Resources Technology Satellites (32)14.Can Stress Make You Sick? (35)15.Can It Really Happen? (37)16.An Ultrasonic Torch ……………………………………………………………………(40) 17. Miracle of theBrain (42)18.All Over in a Flash (45)19.Control Earthquakes……………………………………………………………………(48) 20. Smoking and Cancer (51)21.How Well Do You See? (54)22. A Killer Is Born (56)23.It May Be Easy To Live Longer--Just Stop Eating (59)24.Study: T. Rex No Speedster (62)25.Modern Examination (64)26.Ecology (68)27.Appearances Can Be Important (70)28.Animal Senses (74)29.Telecommunications Satellite Spins Out of Control (76)30.Building Better Ultralight Computers (78)31.NASA Oks Second Space Tourist (81)32.Drink to - and for - Your Health (84)33.Three Things That Will Change Your Life (86)34.Bye-bye Credit Cards & Hello Digital Money (88)35.Gender Detector (90)1. Mae JemisonImagine you are lying on your back, strapped into a chair, with your knees bent in front of you. You feel your heart beating with excitement as you hear a voice on the earphone inside your helmet counting down slowly,” Three, two, one,” Then, beneath you, a deep rumble start as rocket fuel ignites in the huge engines. You① feel a lurch as the docking mechanisms let go, and your rocket begins to rise. This is the moment Mae Jemison has been waiting and working for since 1987. The firstAfrican-American female astronaut-in-training at the National Aeronautics and Space②Administration (NASA) , Jemison is scheduled to “fly” in September 1992. She is to serve as a specialist on Spacelab—J, a joint Japanese—American research project.Mae Jemison was thirty-three when she was selected for NASA’s astronaut training program. Astronaut candidates must have science degree. They must be fit and healthy with normal blood pressure and good eyesight. They must stand between five feet and six feet four inches tall. They must complete a one-year training program that includes water-survival lessons and weightless walks in a huge antigravity tank. On the 1991 mission, astronaut Jemison says that her “responsibility are to be familiar with the shuttle and how it operates, to do the experiments once you get③ into orbit, to help launch the payloads or satellites, and also to do extra-vehicular activities, or space walks.”How did Mae Jemison grow up to become such a special person? Science —especially astronomy—fascinated her from childhood.She also had a strong desire to help other people. Born in Alabama, but raised in Chicago, she studied chemical engineering and African—American culture and history at Stanford University. To help others, she decided to become a doctor. While still a medical student, she went to Cuba and Kenya on study trips, then worked in④a refugee camp in Thailand. She spent three years in West Africa as a doctor with the Peace Corps. When Dr. Jemison finally returned to the United States, she settled in California to practice medicine. And it was then that she decided to reach for the stars.Mae Jemison’s first application to NASA was not successful. Then, in 1986, the⑤Challenger space shuttle exploded, killing all aboard . NASA did not take in any new astronauts for about a year. When it finally reopened its application process, Mae Jemison was ready, and so was NASA. After being selected as a minority astronaut, Mae Jemison received a good deal of attention from newspaper and television. She explained to reporters that the space program and other fields in high technology offer promising careers for African-Americans and other minorities who study hard⑥and make the most of their opportunities .1.The first paragraph is about ______.A.how excited Mae Jemison was when she became an astronautB. how Mae Jemisonbecame an astronautC.how the people usually feel when the rocket they take begins to riseD.what Mae Jemison did after she was able to fly a rocket2.Which of the following statements is true?A.Mae Jemison had a strong desire to become famous.B.Mae Jemison was brought up in Alabama.C.Mae Jemison studied astronomy at Stanford University.D.Mae Jemison studied medicine.3.When did the Challenger space shuttle explode? A. Before Mae Jemison became a doctor.B.Shortly after Mae Jemison graduated from Stanford University.C.About a year before Mae Jemison was selected as an astronaut.D.About a year after Mae Jemison became famous all over the world.4.Mae Jemison believed that _______.A.men and women were not equalB.women were better paid than men wereC.American blacks were unable to find satisfactory jobs no matter how hard they studiedD.American blacks were able to find satisfactory jobs if they studied hard and made gooduse of their chance5.What is the attitude of the writer towards Mae Jemison’s achievements?A.JealousB.UpsetC. NegativeD. PositiveNotes:①lurch v. : To roll or pitch suddenly or erratically. 突然倾斜,突然地或者无规则地倾斜或坠落。
高二英语世界历史中的伟大人物与事件阅读理解25题
高二英语世界历史中的伟大人物与事件阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Alexander the Great is one of the most renowned figures in history. His conquests spanned a vast territory, leaving a lasting impact on the world. Born in Pella, Macedonia, Alexander was the son of King Philip II. From a young age, he showed great courage and leadership.Alexander's army was highly disciplined and skilled. They defeated many powerful kingdoms and empires. His conquests included Persia, Egypt, and parts of India. Along the way, he established many cities and spread Greek culture.One of Alexander's greatest achievements was his ability to blend different cultures. He encouraged his soldiers to marry local women and promoted the exchange of ideas and traditions. This led to a rich cultural synthesis that influenced future generations.Alexander's leadership style was also remarkable. He was known for his bravery in battle and his ability to inspire his troops. He led from the front and was always willing to take risks. His strategic thinking and military genius allowed him to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles.The impact of Alexander's conquests was far-reaching. He opened uptrade routes and promoted cultural exchange. His empire became a center of learning and innovation. Many of the ideas and institutions that emerged during his reign had a profound influence on the development of Western civilization.1. Alexander the Great was born in ___.A. AthensB. SpartaC. PellaD. Rome答案：C。
Optimism英文作文
Optimism英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!I woke up this morning feeling like anything is possible. The sun was shining, the birds were singing, and I just knew it was going to be a great day.You know, sometimes life throws you curveballs, butI've learned to always look on the bright side. There's always a silver lining, even in the toughest of situations.I truly believe that having a positive attitude can change everything. When you approach life with optimism, you attract good things and good people into your life.I've been through some tough times, but I always try to see the glass as half full. It's amazing how much of a difference it can make in your outlook on life.I think it's important to surround yourself with positive, uplifting people. When you're in a supportive environment, it's so much easier to maintain a sunnydisposition.I've found that practicing gratitude is another key to staying optimistic. When you focus on the things you're thankful for, it's hard not to see the good in every situation.So, here's to looking on the bright side, finding the silver lining, and always seeing the glass as half full. Life is so much better when you approach it with optimism.。
Optimism
Optimism - Positive and UpwardAs a ninth-grade student, I believe that optimism is the key to leading a positive and upward life.In our daily lives, we face various challenges and difficulties. But with an optimistic attitude, we can see the bright side of things.I remember when I failed a test, I was initially very disappointed. But then I thought of it as an opportunity to learn from my mistakes and do better next time.Optimism helps us stay strong in the face of setbacks. It gives us the courage to keep going and not give up easily.When we are optimistic, we focus on solutions rather than dwelling on problems. We believe that there is always a way out, no matter how tough the situation seems.I think of the times when my friends were going through hard times. By being positive and encouraging, we were able to support each other and get through those moments together.Optimism also spreads to those around us. A smile and a positive word can make someone's day better.In conclusion, optimism is like a light that guides us through the darkness.Let's always keep an optimistic heart and move forward positively and upward.。
乐观的旋律的英语作文
Optimism is a melody that resonates with the rhythm of life,bringing harmony and a sense of joy to those who embrace it.It is a powerful force that can transform the way we perceive the world and interact with it.The optimistic melody begins with the understanding that every challenge is an opportunity for growth.When faced with adversity,an optimistic person sees it as a chance to learn and improve,rather than a setback.This mindset fosters resilience and the ability to bounce back from difficult situations.Moreover,optimism encourages a positive outlook on life.By focusing on the bright side of things,we can attract more positive experiences and outcomes.This is because our thoughts and beliefs shape our reality.When we believe in the goodness of life,we are more likely to notice and appreciate the good things that happen to us.In addition,the optimistic melody fosters strong relationships.People are drawn to those who exude positivity and happiness.By being optimistic,we can create a supportive and uplifting environment for those around us.This can lead to deeper connections and a sense of belonging.Furthermore,optimism can improve our physical and mental wellbeing.Studies have shown that optimistic individuals tend to have lower stress levels,better immune systems, and a longer lifespan.By maintaining a positive attitude,we can reduce the negative impact of stress on our bodies and minds.Lastly,the melody of optimism inspires us to take action and pursue our dreams.When we believe in our abilities and potential,we are more likely to take risks and seize opportunities.This can lead to personal growth,fulfillment,and a sense of accomplishment.In conclusion,the optimistic melody is a powerful and uplifting force that can enhance our lives in many ways.By cultivating a positive mindset,we can overcome challenges, attract positive experiences,build strong relationships,improve our wellbeing,and achieve our goals.Let the melody of optimism guide you through life,and watch as it transforms your world into a harmonious and joyful symphony.。
Optimism的英语作文
Optimism的英语作文Optimism is a powerful force that can drive us to overcome challenges and achieve success. It is the belief that good things will happen in the future, and it can help us stay positive and motivated even in difficult times.Having an optimistic outlook on life can make a huge difference in how we approach our daily challenges. It allows us to see the silver lining in tough situations and find opportunities for growth and learning.Optimism also has a positive impact on our mental and emotional well-being. When we choose to focus on the good in life, we are less likely to dwell on negative thoughts and emotions. This can lead to lower stress levels and a greater sense of happiness and fulfillment.In addition, optimism can be contagious. When we exude positivity and hope, we can inspire those around us to adopt a similar mindset. This can create a ripple effect ofoptimism that spreads throughout our communities and beyond.Of course, it's important to acknowledge that optimism doesn't mean ignoring the reality of difficult situations.It's about facing challenges with a hopeful and proactive attitude, rather than succumbing to despair or hopelessness.In conclusion, optimism is a powerful mindset that can have a profound impact on our lives. By embracingpositivity and hope, we can overcome obstacles, improve our well-being, and inspire others to do the same. So let's choose to be optimistic and see the world through a lens of hope and possibility.。
optimism的作文
optimism的作文英文回答：Optimism is an important quality that can greatly impact our lives. It is the belief that things will work out for the best, even in difficult or challenging situations. Being optimistic allows us to approach life with a positive attitude and helps us to overcome obstacles and achieve our goals.One example of how optimism can make a difference is in the workplace. Let's say you are working on a project and encounter some unexpected setbacks. An optimistic person would see these setbacks as temporary and believe that they can find a solution. They would not get discouraged or give up easily. Instead, they would approach the situation with a can-do attitude and keep pushing forward. This positive mindset can inspire others around them and create a more productive and supportive work environment.Another example is in personal relationships. Optimism can help us maintain a positive outlook even when faced with conflicts or disagreements. Instead of dwelling on the negative aspects, an optimistic person would focus on finding a resolution and improving the relationship. They would believe that with open communication and willingness to compromise, the relationship can grow stronger. This optimistic approach can prevent unnecessary conflicts and foster a more harmonious and fulfilling relationship.中文回答：乐观是一个非常重要的品质，可以极大地影响我们的生活。
乐观的璀璨星的英语作文
Optimism is a beacon that guides us through the darkest of times,illuminating the path to success and happiness.It is the radiant star that shines brightly,dispelling the shadows of doubt and despair,and leading us towards a brighter future.In the realm of optimism,every challenge is an opportunity for growth and learning.It is the mindset that allows us to see the silver lining in every cloud,and to find the potential for success even in the most difficult situations.Optimists believe in their ability to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals,and this belief fuels their determination and resilience.The power of optimism is evident in the stories of countless individuals who have triumphed over adversity.From the inventors who persevered through countless failures to create groundbreaking innovations,to the athletes who overcame injuries and setbacks to achieve victory,optimism has been the driving force behind their success. Moreover,optimism has a profound impact on our mental and emotional wellbeing.It fosters a positive outlook on life,reducing stress and anxiety,and promoting happiness and contentment.By focusing on the positive aspects of our experiences,we can cultivate a sense of gratitude and joy,even in the face of adversity.In addition,optimism is contagious.When we radiate positivity and hope,we inspire others to do the same.It creates a ripple effect,spreading positivity and uplifting the spirits of those around us.By being a beacon of optimism,we can make a difference in the lives of others and contribute to a more harmonious and joyful world.However,it is important to note that optimism should not be盲目的or unrealistic.It is not about ignoring the difficulties and challenges that we face,but rather about approaching them with a positive attitude and a belief in our ability to overcome them. True optimism is grounded in a realistic assessment of our circumstances,coupled with a determination to make the best of them.In conclusion,optimism is the璀璨星that lights up our lives,guiding us towards a brighter future.It is a powerful force that can help us navigate the complexities of life and achieve our dreams.By embracing optimism,we can transform our outlook,improve our wellbeing,and make a positive impact on the world around us.Let us all strive to be radiant stars of optimism,shining brightly and inspiring others with our light.。
optimism英语作文
optimism英语作文Optimism is a powerful force that can transform our lives. It is the belief that good things will happen, and it can be a driving factor in achieving our goals and dreams. Here is a composition on the topic of optimism:The Power of OptimismIn the tapestry of life, optimism is the golden thread that weaves hope and happiness into our existence. It is the inner light that guides us through the darkest of times and the unwavering faith that better days are ahead. Embracing optimism is not merely a choice; it is a life philosophy that can redefine our journey.The Essence of OptimismOptimism is the essence of a positive mindset. It is the ability to see the silver lining in every cloud and to find opportunities in every challenge. Optimistic individuals do not shy away from difficulties; instead, they face them head-on, believing in their capacity to overcome obstacles and learn from the experience.The Benefits of OptimismThe benefits of optimism are manifold. It enhances mentalwell-being by reducing stress and anxiety. It fosters resilience, enabling individuals to bounce back from setbacks. Moreover, optimism can improve physical health, as positive attitudes are linked to lower rates of illness and a longer lifespan.Cultivating OptimismCultivating an optimistic outlook is not always easy, especially in a world filled with uncertainties and adversities. However, it can be achieved through deliberate practices such as gratitude, mindfulness, and positive affirmations. By focusing on the good in our lives and expressing appreciation for what we have, we can train our minds to see the positive aspects of any situation.Optimism in ActionIn action, optimism is the fuel that propels us towards our aspirations. It is the courage to take risks and the determination to persist in the face of adversity. When we approach our goals with an optimistic mindset, we are more likely to persist in the face of challenges and to find creative solutions to problems.The Impact of Optimism on OthersThe impact of optimism extends beyond the individual. Optimistic people inspire and uplift those around them. They create an environment of positivity that encourages others tobelieve in their own abilities and to strive for their dreams. ConclusionIn conclusion, optimism is a powerful tool that can shape our lives in profound ways. It is the key to unlocking ourpotential and achieving our dreams. By choosing to be optimistic, we open ourselves up to a world of possibilities, where every challenge is an opportunity for growth and every setback is a stepping stone to success.This composition highlights the importance of optimism andhow it can positively influence our lives and the lives of those around us. It encourages readers to embrace anoptimistic mindset and to see the potential for growth and success in every situation.。
最喜欢的电影英语作文100字寻梦环游记
最喜欢的电影英语作文100字寻梦环游记全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Favorite Movie - CocoHi, my name is Miguel and I want to tell you about my very favorite movie of all time - Coco! Coco is an animated movie made by the Pixar studio. It's all about a little Mexican boy named Miguel who loves music more than anything. But his family has banned music because of something that happened a long time ago with Miguel's great-great-grandfather.Miguel's dream is to become a famous musician just like his hero, the late great Ernesto de la Cruz. One day, Miguel accidentally ends up in the Land of the Dead! It's this crazy place where all the skeletons of people who have died go after they're gone from the living world. At first, Miguel thinks it's so cool and colorful there. But then he meets his skeletal family members and they are not happy at all that he wants to be a musician!Miguel's skeletal grandma tries to take his passion for music away using a glowing spirit petal that can make him become a skeleton boy too and be stuck in the Land of the Dead forever!Uh oh! Miguel doesn't want that at all. He just wants to go back home and become a great musician like Ernesto de la Cruz. So he has to go on this big adventure through the Land of the Dead to try and get his family's blessing to follow his dream of music before he is trapped there as a skeleton kid forever!On his journey, Miguel meets a trickster skeleton named Hector who agrees to be his friend and guide through the Land of the Dead. But it turns out Hector has some sneaky secrets of his own about how he ended up there in the first place! Miguel also finds out that his hero Ernesto de la Cruz wasn't the great guy he thought he was. There's a big twist about how Ernesto actually stole all his songs and fame by doing something really bad to Hector.Can you believe it?! Miguel's idol was just a thief and liar the whole time! It's so sad. But at least now Miguel knows the truth. He feels heartbroken that Ernesto wasn't the brilliant musician he idolized. Miguel is really confused about what to do with his dream now. How can he still pursue music after learning that his role model was just a big phony?Luckily, Hector reminds Miguel that the great songs didn't come from Ernesto - they came from Hector himself! That's why the music moved Miguel so much, because it held real passionand feeling from a true artist. Hector tells Miguel to keep following his heart and musical calling no matter what. And most importantly, he needs to make amends with his family so they can give him their blessing before it's too late.Using the skills of clever trickery he's picked up from Hector, Miguel is able to get his stubborn grandma to see that music isn't something to be feared. It's a beautiful gift that keeps loved ones' memories alive through song. In the end, Miguel's family gives him their blessing to go home and become the musician he's always dreamed of being. They lift the ban on music from their family and throw an amazing party in the Land of the Dead with Hector's long-lost songs!Watching Coco always fills me with so much joy and makes me proud of my Mexican heritage. The values of cherishing your family, honoring your ancestors, following your heart's true calling, and passing down beloved traditions are so beautifully woven through the whole movie. And the Land of the Dead is brought vividly to life in such a vibrant, heartwarming way! I get emotional every time at that scene where Miguel's grandma finally understands how important music is to him.I love that even though parts of the movie are kind of sad and deal with big themes like death and moving on, the mainmessage is so inspiring and positive. Coco shows that even after people are gone, their memory lives on forever through the families who cherish them. It reminds me that my ancestors' hopes, talents and laughter still echo through me and future generations. No matter what dream you have, the ones who went before you paved the way and gave you that passion for a reason - to keep it going and share it with the world.That's why Coco has become my favorite movie. The story, the lessons, the colorful imagery, the showstopping music numbers - everything about it stirs my heart and imagination so powerfully. If you haven't seen this incredibly moving film yet, I can't recommend it enough! Ok, I've rambled on enough about how obsessed I am with Coco. Thanks for reading my thoughts on why it's just the most perfect movie ever!篇2My Favorite Movie: Coco's Life DayCoco's Life Day is the bestest movie ever! It's all about this little Mexican boy named Miguel who loves music more than anything. But his family has a crazy rule against music because of something that happened ages ago with Miguel'sgreat-great-grandma Imelda. Can you believe that? No music at all! That would be like telling me I can't breathe.So Miguel's dream is to become a famous musician like his idol Ernesto de la Cruz. He really wants to play in this talent show, but his family won't let him. On Dia de los Muertos (that's a big celebration in Mexico to remember your relatives who died), Miguel accidentally gets transported to the Land of the Dead! It's this crazy colorful place full of skeletons.At first Miguel's excited because he thinks he can meet Ernesto de la Cruz there. But then he realizes he has to get his family's blessing to stay alive, or he'll be stuck in the Land of the Dead forever! He meets his silly trickster relatives like Tio Oscar and Tio Felipe, and his really grumpy grandma Imelda who still hates music.To get back home, Miguel has to go on this epic journey through the Land of the Dead with a stray dog named Dante. They face so many obstacles and scary situations! My favorite part is when they're being chased by the security guards who are these creepy winged demon things. Miguel and Dante barely escape by running across a chasm of eternal nothingness. So intense!There's also a really sad part when Miguel discovers the terrible truth about his idol Ernesto de la Cruz. I won't spoil it, but let's just say he's not the great guy Miguel thought he was. Miguel gets totally betrayed and it just breaks your heart to see him so crushed over his hero being a phony.In the end though, Miguel's able to lift the family's music ban with the help of his newfound spirit relatives. He even gets to play in the talent show and honor his true roots through song. Maybe the most touching moment is at the end when Miguel's grandma Imelda gives him her blessing and their whole family's spirits are finally at peace.Overall, Coco's Life Day makes me feel every emotion possible - joy, fear, sadness, you name it. The music and songs are absolutely beautiful too. My favorite is the super catchy "Un Poco Loco" that Miguel's skeleton friend Hector sings. The animation is mind-blowing and vibrant, especially the different spirit animals glowing with twinkling lights. It also teaches great lessons about family, cherishing your traditions, and following your heart's true path.I really can't recommend Coco's Life Day enough! It's a timeless and magical story for kids and grownups alike. I've seen it a trillion times already and will probably watch it a trillion more.So that's why it's hands-down my #1 favorite movie of all time! I give it infinity stars!篇3My Favorite Movie: CocoOh boy, you want me to tell you about my favorite movie? Well, get ready because I'm gonna tell you all about the greatest movie ever made - Coco! It's about this little Mexican boy named Miguel who loves music more than anything in the whole wide world. But his family has this crazy rule where they're not allowed to play music or even listen to it! Can you believe that? No music at all! I don't know what I would do if I couldn't listen to my favorite songs.Anyway, Miguel's family makes shoes for a living. On the Day of the Dead, which is like a big celebration in Mexico where you get to remember your relatives who died, Miguel accidentally ends up in the Land of the Dead. It's this totally brilliant world where all the dead people live as colorful skeletons! Miguel meets his ancestors and they're all these wise-cracking funny skeletons. He has to get their help to make it back to the Land of the Living before sunrise or else he'll be trapped forever!The best part is that Miguel meets his great-great-grandpa Ernesto de la Cruz, who was like the most famous singer in all of Mexico when he was alive. Ernesto is Miguel's hero and he hopes Ernesto will let him go back home if he gets Ernesto's blessing. But then Miguel finds out this crazy secret - that Ernesto was a no-good liar and thief who stole all his songs from someone else!I don't want to spoil too much, but there's this amazing twist at the end.I just loved getting to see the Land of the Dead. It's so bright and colorful, with sugar skulls and marigolds everywhere. And all the skeleton people are so funny, like Miguel's cousin Tio Oscar and Tio Felipe who get their big gobbling faces stuck in a mask. Or the guy who accidentally gets his big nose knocked off! Hilarious stuff.The music is fantastic too. I've listened to the soundtrack like a million times. My favorite song is either "Un Poco Loco" where Miguel's grandma Imelda does all these crazy stunts, or "Remember Me" which is the beautiful song Ernesto de la Cruz "wrote" that's so catchy and sad at the same time. I've Got the Chorus memorized:"Remember meThough I have to say goodbyeRemember meDon't let it make you cry"Ugh, it gets me right in the feelings every time!At its core, Coco is really about the importance of family. Miguel learns that even though his parents don't let him play music, they're just trying to honor their ancestor Imelda because of something sad that happened to her a long time ago. In the end, they compromise and let Miguel pursue his dream of being a musician because being a family means making sacrifices for each other out of love.I think that's such an awesome message. Too many movies these days are just about blowing stuff up or fart jokes (not that I don't love a good fart joke now and then!). But Coco has so much heart and depth to it. It makes me want to go give my mom and dad great big hugs!I could go on and on, but I don't want this essay to be like 10,000 words long. So I'll just say that if you haven't seen Coco yet, you're really missing out. It's funny, heartwarming, beautiful to look at, and teaches you to cherish your family. What more could you want from a movie? I give it infinity stars out of infinity stars! It's a true masterpiece!篇4My Favorite Movie "Coco"Hi friends! Today I want to tell you about my absolute favorite movie of all time - "Coco"! It's an animated movie made by the awesome people at Pixar. "Coco" is all about this12-year-old Mexican boy named Miguel who loves music more than anything. But there's one huge problem - his family has banned music for generations because of something that happened a long time ago with Miguel'sgreat-great-grandfather.Miguel's dream is to become a talented musician just like his idol, the famous singer Ernesto de la Cruz. On the Day of the Dead holiday, Miguel accidentally gets transported to the Land of the Dead! It's this totally crazy place where all the skeletons of people's loved ones live after they've died. Miguel has to go on an epic adventure through the Land of the Dead to get his family's blessing to play music again before he's stuck there forever!The Land of the Dead is so colorful and full of such amazing sights. There are vibrant cities, funky spirit animal guides, and millions of skeletons dressed in fancy outfits. Miguel meets hisown skeletal ancestors including his rebel buddy Hector. Together they uncover an unbelievable mystery about Ernesto de la Cruz that changes everything Miguel thought he knew!My favorite part is all the incredible music and singing. The songs are so lively and fun, with a real Mexican feel to them. I loved watching Miguel perform and fight to make his dream come true no matter what obstacles he faced. The animation is breathtaking too - I felt like I was really in the Land of the Dead exploring right alongside Miguel.More than anything though, "Coco" has such a big heart. It celebrates the importance of family, honoring your ancestors, and passing down traditions from one generation to the next. The message that I took away is that we all have a unique music and light inside of us that makes us special. Miguel taught me to never give up on my dreams and passions in life.I can't rave enough about how much I love "Coco"! It's an instant classic packed with adventure, fun characters,mind-blowing animation, and so much heart. The story had me feeling every emotion from joy to sadness to inspiration. I must have watched it a hundred times already! If you haven't seen it yet, you are seriously missing out on one of the best movies ever made. "Coco" will always have a special place in my heart.篇5My Favorite Movie: CocoHi everyone! Today I want to tell you about my very favorite movie, Coco. It's such an awesome and exciting film that I've watched it like a million times already! Coco is all about a little Mexican boy named Miguel who loves music more than anything. But there's one huge problem - his family has banned music for generations because of something that happened a long time ago with his great-great-grandpa.Miguel's dream is to become a famous musician just like his idol, Ernesto de la Cruz. On the Day of the Dead holiday, Miguel accidentally ends up in the Land of the Dead! It's this crazy vibrant world filled with skeletons and spirit guides. In order to get back to the Land of the Living, Miguel has to receive a blessing from a family member before sunrise. If not, he'll be stuck there forever!Miguel meets his trickster ancestor Hector, and they go on the most epic adventure trying to find Miguel's long-lostgreat-great-grandpa Ernesto. Along the way, they run into all kinds of wild characters - like Dante, a goofy street dog who becomes Miguel's buddy, and Pepita, a winged jaguar spiritguide. My favorite character is definitely Hector though. He tells the best jokes and is just the coolest guy ever.There are so many twists and turns in the movie that keep you on the edge of your seat. Miguel and Hector uncover a dark secret about Ernesto that flips everything upside down. I don't want to give away too much, but let's just say Ernesto is not at all who Miguel thought he was. There's action, drama, heartbreak, and also lots of laughs and catchy music numbers.The Land of the Dead is hands down the most magical, beautiful world I've ever seen in a movie. All the alebrijes (spirit animal guides) are so bright and colorful. And the marigold petal bridges that allow spirits to cross over are just breathtaking. The animation is out of this world amazing!I love how the movie celebrates Mexican culture and traditions, especially Dia de los Muertos (the Day of the Dead). Learning about Miguel's family and their importance of remembering ancestors was really special. It's all about cherishing your loved ones who have passed and honoring their memories.Coco has so many meaningful messages wrapped up in an entertaining, riveting story. It shows that you shouldn't idolize people without knowing their true character. Familia (family) isthe most precious gift. Follow your dreams, but hold onto your roots. And most importantly, the people we love may leave this world, but they'll always have a special place in our hearts and lives.By the end, I was laughing one minute and then crying happy tears the next! Coco is an absolute masterpiece in my book. The characters are lovable, the soundtrack is fire, and the storytelling is just brilliant. I can't rave enough about this movie! If you haven't seen it yet, you're seriously missing out. Coco deserves all the awards and more. It's a instant classic that I'll never get tired of watching.I hope you all get the chance to experience the magic and awesomeness of Coco for yourselves. Thanks for reading my movie review! I give Coco a million out of 10 stars. It's just that amazing! Hasta la vista, amigos!篇6My Favorite Movie: CocoHi friends! Today I want to tell you about my absolute favorite movie ever - Coco! It's such an amazing and beautiful film that always makes me happy when I watch it. Let me tell you all about it!Coco is a movie made by the awesome people at Pixar Animation Studios. It came out in 2017 and was directed by Lee Unkrich and Adrian Molina. The story takes place in Mexico and is all about this little boy named Miguel who loves music more than anything in the whole wide world.But there's just one big problem - Miguel's family has this crazy rule where they hate music and nobody is allowed to play it or even listen to it! Can you believe that? No music at all! I would absolutely hate living in a house with no singing, no dancing, and no jam sessions. That would be like a nightmare for me!Anyway, Miguel's great-great-grandma Imelda started this whole "no music" rule ages and ages ago after her husband left to go be a musician and never returned. So Imelda got really angry at music and banned it from her family forever. How sad is that?On the Day of the Dead holiday, Miguel accidentally gets transported to the colorful Land of the Dead. It's this totally groovy place where all the skeletons of people's ancestors live after they've died. Miguel meets his family's skeletons like his mama Imelda and discovers they won't let him go back home to the Land of the Living unless he gives up music forever!But Miguel doesn't want to give up music - it's his dream to become a musician just like his great-great-grandpa who he's never met. So Miguel has to go on this epic adventure through the Land of the Dead. He meets his idol, a skeleton musician named Ernesto de la Cruz, and travels all across the bright neon spirit world making new friends like a scatter-brained spirit guide named Dante.There's so many exciting twists and turns in the story! Miguel learns that Ernesto wasn't the great guy he thought he was. He finds out what really happened to his long-lostgreat-great-grandpa. And he has to get his family to finally lift their music ban once and for all.I don't want to spoil everything for you, but let me just say that the ending is so heartwarming and beautiful. Miguel helps break the music curse, he gets to pursue his dream of being a mariachi musician, and his whole family is reunited across the lands of the living and the dead. It always makes me smile from ear-to-ear!What I love most about Coco is how visually stunning it is. The animators did such an incredible job bringing the Land of the Dead to life with its neon lights, vibrant colors, and skeletal spirit characters. And the music is just downright amazing! Allthe mariachi songs will have you tapping your toes and dancing in your seat.But beyond the eye-popping visuals and foot-tapping tunes, Coco has such a powerful core message about following your dreams, embracing your family's heritage, and understanding where you came from. It really makes you appreciate your own family history and want to learn more about your ancestors.I also love how the film celebrates Mexican culture in such a respectful and honorable way. The Day of the Dead traditions, the folklore about spirit guides like Dante, the food, the music - it all feels so authentic and makes you want to learn more. As a Mexican-American myself, it's so meaningful to see my culture represented with such care on the big screen.So in the end, Coco has everything you could want in a movie - tons of laughs, creative visuals, an epic adventure, stellar music, and an important emotional message that stays with you long after watching. It's 100% my favorite film of all time and I must have seen it like a gazillion times already!If you haven't checked out Coco yet, oh man, you are seriously missing out! You've gotta grab some popcorn and your abuelita and watch this cinematic masterpiece immediately. I'mtelling you, it's that amazing! Just thinking about it makes me want to go home and throw it on right now.Well, that's all I've got for now. Thanks for reading my super humble opinion on why Coco rules. I'll catch you later! Adios amigos!。
美好的经历英语作文
A beautiful experience can be a moment that stands out in ones memory,often because of its emotional impact,the lessons learned,or the joy it brings.Heres an example of an English composition that reflects on a wonderful experience:Title:A Day to RememberIt was a crisp autumn morning,the kind that promised a day filled with warmth and the vibrant hues of changing leaves.The air was fresh,carrying the faint scent of woodsmoke and the distant laughter of children.Little did I know that this day would become one of the most cherished memories of my life.As I stepped out of my house,the sun was just beginning to rise,casting long shadows and a golden glow over everything it touched.The neighborhood was still,as if holding its breath in anticipation of the day ahead.I decided to take a walk,a simple act that would lead to an extraordinary experience.The path I chose meandered through a local park,a place I had visited countless times but never truly explored.The park was alive with the sounds of nature the rustling of leaves, the chirping of birds,and the gentle murmur of a nearby stream.It was a symphony that played softly in the background,setting the stage for the days events.As I walked,I came across a small group of people gathered around a makeshift stage. Curiosity piqued,I approached to find a community theater group rehearsing for an upcoming performance.They were practicing a scene from Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream,a play I had studied in school but never seen performed live.The actors were fully immersed in their roles,their passion for the craft evident in every line they delivered.I stood there,captivated by the raw emotion and the magic of live theater.The characters came alive before my eyes,and for a moment,I felt as though I had been transported to the enchanted forest of the play.The experience was so immersive that I lost track of time,and when the rehearsal ended,I found myself clapping along with the rest of the small audience.As I continued my walk,the memory of the performance stayed with me,a reminder of the power of art to move and inspire.The rest of the day unfolded in a similar vein,with small acts of kindness and beauty that made the day feel like a gift.I encountered a family flying a kite,their laughter filling the air as the wind carried their creation high above the park.I saw a couple,their hands entwined,walking slowly along the path,their love for each other evident in the way they looked at one another.And as the day drew to a close,I watched the sun set,its colors painting the sky in shades of orange,pink,and purple,a breathtaking finale to a day filled with wonder.That day taught me that sometimes,the most beautiful experiences are the ones we stumble upon by chance,the ones that catch us off guard and leave us with a sense of awe and gratitude.It was a reminder to be present,to appreciate the small moments,and to never underestimate the power of a single day to change our perspective and enrich our lives.In the years since that day,I have often found myself reflecting on the lessons it taught me.The beauty of the world around us is always there,waiting to be discovered,and it is up to us to open our hearts and minds to it.That day was a testament to the fact that even the most ordinary of days can hold extraordinary moments,and it is a lesson I carry with me always.This composition captures the essence of a beautiful experience,highlighting the importance of being present and appreciating the world around us.It serves as a reminder that sometimes,the most memorable experiences are the ones we least expect.。
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A Demo of OptimixJUwe Aßmann Johan LövdahlResearch Center for Integrational Software Engineering (RISE)Programming Environments Lab (PELAB),Linköpings Universitet,Sweden{uweas|jolov}@ida.liu.seAbstract.OptimixJ is a graph rewrite tool that generates Java code from rewrite specifications.Java classes are treated as graph schemas,enabling OptimixJ to extend legacy Java applications through code weaving in a simple way.The demo shows how OptimixJ has been used to implement graph rewriting for RDF/XML documents in the context of the Semantic Web.1Introduction to OptimixJOptimixJ [1]lets the user specify graph transformations in a declarative,Datalog style language .From these transformation specifications (also called rewrite systems )Opti-mixJ generates Java code that navigates/modifies Java objects.OptimixJ specifications consists of a data model (i.e.the type graph)and one or several graph rewrite modules.Java classes Rewrite moduleData modelRewrite specification Fig.1.OptimixJ uses the data definition parts of Java (classes,fields and method signatures)as its language for data models.Rewrite specifications are typechecked against the data model before generating Java code.Work partially supported by European Community under the IST programme -Future and Emerging Technologies,contract IST-1999-14191-EASYCOMP.The authors are solely re-sponsible for the content of this paper.It does not represent the opinion of the European Com-munity,and the European Community is not responsible for any use that might be made of data appearing herein.Rather than having a specialized language for describing the data model OptimixJ uses ordinary Java classes.Each Java class defines a possible node type and the fields in the class define the possible outgoing edges.Hence OptimixJ data model specifications allow directed graphs where the nodes have one or several types and where the edges are binary and labelled.Furthermore the range and domain of edges are typed.One advantage with using Java as the data model language is that it becomes easy to integrate OptimixJ rewrite specifications with e.g.legacy Java implementations.public class Node {public Node[] transitiveEdge;}public Node[] basicEdge;MODULE Node transitiveEdge(node, n) :− basicEdge(node, n); transitiveEdge(node, n) :− basicEdge(node, s), transitiveEdge(s, n); RANGE node <= nodes; RULES }EARS transitiveClosure(nodes:Node[]) {public class Node {public Node[] basicEdge;public Node[] transitiveEdge;} public void transitiveClosure(Node[] nodes) {/* The generated transformation code */}a)b)c)Fig.2.A tiny example of an OptimixJ specification.a)shows the data model specification,it defines two relations (Java fields)basicEdge and transitiveEdge that can be used in transformation specifications.b)shows how the transitive closure can be computed given the relations in the data model.c)shows the result after code generation and weaving into the class.A graph rewrite module consists of one or several rewrite systems which specify the actual graph transformations to be carried out.The rewrite specification language has a higly declarative style,it is based on relational graph rewriting and supports both edge addition/deletion as well as node deletion/addition.OptimixJ generates one Java method for each rewrite system in the rewrite module,the method will have the same name and parameter list as given in the rewrite system.If the name of the module containing the rewrite system matches the name of a Java class the generated method will be weaved in to that Java class,if no matching class is found a new class with static methods will be generated.See figure 2for an example of a rewrite module.During code generation OptimixJ also type-checks the rewrite rules:predicates in the rules are looked up in the data model and the domain/range types is checked.Opti-mixJ also analyzes the inheritance structure of the data model so relations applicable to a class are also applicable to its sub-classes.To learn more about OptimixJ see[2,1].The next section describes how the OptimixJ tool can be used in the context of the Semantic Web.2OptimixJ and the Semantic WebThe focus of this demonstration is to show how graph rewriting and the OptimixJ tool can be used as an executable representation of Semantic Web ontologies.First we will give a brief description of the Semantic Web languages.2.1A Brief Description of the Semantic WebThe purpose of the Semantic Web[3]is to express knowledge about things,called resources,(a resource can be a webpage,person or just anything that has a Uniform Resource Locator,URI)in a way that enables automated agents to reason about these resources,i.e.infer knowledge from the given facts.The idea is that one creates ontologies that models a domain of interest.There are a few different ontology languages(RDFS,DAML+OIL,OWL)providing somewhat different language constructs,we will discuss the Web Ontology Language OWL[3] defined by the web consortium.The basic modelling primitives of OWL are classes and properties,classes can in-herit from other classes and have properties.But OWL also supports more expressive constructs that allows the modeller to express things like:–characteristics of properties(e.g.a property can be symmetric or transitive).–property inheritance(hasFather is a subproperty of hasParent).–relations between classes(e.g.disjointness).Seefigure3for an example ontology.<Class ID="Person"/><Class ID="Male"><subClassOf resource="Person"/><disjointWith resource="Female"/> </Class><ObjectProperty ID="spouse"><domain resource="Person"/><range resource="Person"/><type resource="functionalProperty"/> </ObjectProperty>a)<Male ID="John"><spouse resource="Mary"/> </Male><spouse resource="John"/> <Female ID="Mary">b)</Female>Fig.3.a)shows a sample OWL ontology defining some classes and a property.b)shows a fragment of an RDF document defining some instances of the ontology.The classes and properties defined in an ontology can then be used to create in-stances(seefigure3b),the instances are represented in a format called RDF(Resource Description Framework)[4].In terms of graphs RDF is an XML format for directed, edge-labelled graphs where the nodes can have one or several types.As we pointed out in the previous section this is exactly the kind of graphs OptimixJ is designed to work on,in the next section we show how this can be used in order to execute inference rules and constraints defined in OWL.2.2Compiling OWL Ontologies to Java and OptimixJIn order to do something interesting with the ontologies and instances we need some kind of inference engine.OWL is based on the Description Logic formalism for which reasoning engines exist,these systems are very fast but it is difficult to extend the system to handle more expressive rules.Another approach that is used is to translate the ontologies and instances to Frame Logic[5],this allows for the addition of more expressive rules.The problem with this approach is that the Frame Logic engine is quite slow(it is running on top of Prolog).Another potential problem with these approaches is integration with the application programs that wants the result of the inferences,it can be difficult to communicate between the two parts.To overcome the problems described above(additional expressivity and interfacing to inference engine)we are working on generating Java code and OptimixJ rules from ontologies defined in a subset of OWL.This will give both a more powerful language for expressing rules/constraints as well as seamless integration with Java applications.As we can see from the description of OWL in section2.1there are some simi-larities between the OWL modelling language and Java.The OWL class and property constructs maps to Java’s classes/interfaces andfields/methods,OWL inheritance can also be translated to Java inheritance/implementation.Hence part of the OWL language is used for describing the graph schema and it can be mapped to Java classes that are used to define the data model for the OptimixJ rewrite specifications(as discussed in section1).But there are other OWL modelling primitives that are less straightforward to map to Java.For example if the OWL property spouse has been declared as symmetric we need to generate some Java code to make sure that this rule is satisfied.Interestingly it turns out that the OptimixJ rewrite language to a large extent is sufficient for imple-menting the inference rules and constraints expressible by OWL.We can also add more expressive constraints to the Java code by writing OptimixJ specifications by hand and merging them with the rest of the code.The Semantic Web Ontology Development Environment(SWEDE)[6]toolset is able to translate a subset of OWL to Java class definitions and OptimixJ rewrite modules,figure4shows the process of translating OWL to Java.Each OWL class is mapped to one Java class and one interface,the interface is used for encoding the inheritance structure(OWL allows multiple inheritance).Each OWL property defined for a class is mapped to a Javafield in the corresponding Java class.Fig.4.Translating OWL ontologies to Java.Once the Java code generation isfinished we can read RDF instances with a program that creates new Java objects.Once the OptimixJ has generated code from the rewrite specifications and merged the code with the Java classes we can use them to create Java objects from RDF instance documents.The RDFReader parses the RDF document and instantiates a new Java object ac-cording to the types of the RDF instance,the reader also inserts property values into the Java object.For example,the RDF document infigure3b would create two new Java objects:one of the type Female with the spousefield pointing to the second object,the second object would have the type Male and the spousefield would point to thefirst object.The SWEDE tools can also translate XML DTD’s to OWL ontologies,which enables us to generate Java classes and OptimixJ rewritings for XML trees.References1.Aßmann,U.:OPTIMIX website.(2003)2.Aßmann,U.In:OPTIMIX,A Tool for Rewriting and Optimizing Programs.Chapman-Hall(1999)3.W3C:The Semantic Web Activity./2001/sw(2003)4.W3C:RDF specification./TR/REC-rdf-syntax/(2003)5.Flora:Flora2website.http://fl(2003)6.Lövdahl,J.:An editing environment for the semantic web.Master’s thesis,Linköpings Uni-versitet(2002)。