IV Grammar

Section IVGrammarI.单项填空1. ___ poor at English, I'm afraid I can't make myself ___.A. To be; understandB. I'm ;to understandC.Being ;understandingD. Being; understood2. I have had my bike ___ ,and I'm going to have somebody ___ my radio tomorrow.A. repair; to repairB. repairing; to be repairedC. repaired; repairD. to repair; repairing3. You must get the work ___ before Friday.A. doB. to doC. doingD. done4. ___ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder ___.A. Entering; stealingB. Entering; goneC. To have entered; being stolenD. Having entered; to be stolen5. We are pleased to see the problem ___ so quickly.A. settledB. having been settledC. be settledD. settling6. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.A. itB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired7. It is wise to have some money ___ for old age.A. put awayB. keep upC. give awayD. laid up8. I don't want the children ___ out in such weather.A. takeB. to takeC. takenD. taking9. I'm afraid that I can't make myself ___ be cause of my poor English.A. understandB. understandingC. to understandD. understood10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied11. The girl wrote a composition without ___.A. askB. askingC. being askedD. to be asked12. He finished his homework and then went on ___me.A. helpingB. with helpC. with helpingD. to help13. ___where to go ,he asked a policeman.A. Having lost his way and not knowingB. Losing his way and didn't knowC. Having lost his way and didn't knowD. Lost his way and didn't know14. ____ her friend was badly hurt, she burst into tears.A. HearingB. Having heardC. To hearD. Heard15. ____ his team had won, his face lit up at once.A. KnowingB. When knowingC. After knowingD. When he knewII.阅读理解AWhen most of us hear the word chocolate. the verb that comes to mind is probably ”eat”|, not “drink”, and the most proper adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate's long history, it was strictly a beverage(饮料), and sugar didn't have anything to do with it.The Origin of ChocolateMany modern historians have estimated that chocolate has been around for about 2,000 years, but recent research suggests that in may be even older.In the book The True HISTOUY OF Chocolate, authors Sophie and Michael Coe prove that the earliest linguistic(语言学的) evidence of chocolate consumption dates back three or even four thousand years.Valuable and Fashionable Chocolate Beverage It's hard to discover exactly when chocolate was born, but it's clear that in was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered valuable enough to use as currency. 100 beans could purchase a good turkey hen, according to a 16th-century Aztec document. Sweetened chocolate didn't appear until Europeans discovered the Americas and sampled(品尝) the native cuisine . Chocolate didn't suit the foreigners' taste at first—one described it in his writings as “a bitter drink for pigs” —but once mixed with honey or cane sugar, it quickly became popular throughout Spain. By the 17th century, chocolate was a fashionable drink throughout Europe, believed to have nutritious, medicinal functions. But it remained largely a privilege of the rich until the invention of the steam engine made mass production possible in the late 1700s.The Birth of Solid chocolateIn 1828, a Dutch chemist found a way to make powdered chocolate. His product became known as “Dutch cocoa”, and it soon led to the creation of solid chocolate. In 1847, Joseph Fry created the first modern chocolate bar. By 1868, a little company called Cadbury was marketing boxes of chocolate candies in England. Milk chocolate hit the marked a few years later.Prosperous Chocolate IndustryIn America, chocolate was so valued during the Revolutionary War that it was used instead of wages . Even now, statistics show that the humble cacao bean is still a powerful economic fore. Chocolate manufacturing is a more than 4-billion-dollar industry in the United States, and the average American eats at least half a pound of the stuff per month. 1.The earliest chocolate was most probably .A.a dishB. a drinkC. a barD. a candy2.It can be inferred from the passage that .A.The history of chocolate is at most 4,000 years.B.People around the world could buy things with chocolateC.Chocolate was well paid attention to since it was bornD.An American at least eats a pound of chocolate per month3.Why did chocolate suit the Spanish's taste so quickly?A.Because chocolate was so tasty and bitter.B.Because chocolate was believed to be a source of nutrition.C.Because chocolate was sweetened with honey of cane sugar.D.Because chocolate became a fashionable beverage.4.Which one shows the correct order according to the time of their appearing?A.Chocolate beverage→chocolate bar → chocolate candies→ milk chocolateB.Chocolate bar→ chocolate beverage→ chocolate candies→ milk chocolateC.Chocolate bar→ chocolate candies→ milk chocolate → chocolate beverageD.Chocolate bever age→ chocolate candies→ chocolate bar → milk chocolateBHow to be a good communicator1 they’ve been heard and they’ve been understood. As a good communicator should be a good listener, five steps are advocated toward good listening.The first step is cooperating. How does a difficult person know that you’re listening and understanding? In fact, it’s through the way you look and sound while he is talking. 2 When the person begins to repeat what’s been said, it’s signal of step two: turning back.3 Send a clear signal that you’re listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important.Having heard what he has to say, the next step is clarifying. At this point, you start to gather information about what is being communicated. 4The fourth step is to summarize（概括）what you’ve heard. 5___Having listened carefully, you’ve now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels that his thoughts have been fully voiced. Ask if he feels understood.When enough sincere listening, questioning, and remembering are brought together, understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.A.Ask some open-ended questions, whichwill allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.B.This allows you to make sure that bothyou and the difficult person are on the same page.C. It means that you repeat back some words he is using.D. When difficult people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things:E. When you communicate with who have difficulty expressing themselves, they need your help.F. Giving clear signals tell him that you have understood him completely.G. You do this by nodding your head in agreement, making certain sounds of understanding.IV.语法填空By “luxury(奢侈品)”, we mean "a pleasant and often expensive thing that is not necessary". From a historical point of view, things which were a luxury when they first came into being all became necessities later.Anything, no matter 1 luxurious it is, will become a necessity, when it is widely used. This is true of many of the present luxuries, among which mobile phones, cars, computers and many other things 2 (include). It is known to all that the purpose of the development of science is (make) things easy for the mankind, not for only 4 small number of people. 5 , the first thing to do after a new invention occurs is to spread it so as to benefit 6 many people as possible. In the course of the spread, the luxury becomes decreasingly luxurious until7 the end it becomes a necessity. This is an objective law, and 8 can be an exception.With the quick 9 (develop) of science and technology, the process for many things to become a necessity from a luxury will be greatly shortened. Anything that can be imagined will be invented and in no time becomes a necessity 10 (access) to ordinary people.。