自动导引车外文翻译
自动导引运输车AGV术语
自动导引运输车(AGV)Automated Guided Vehicle是指装备有电磁或光学等自动导引装置,由计算机控制、轮式移动为特征、并且能够沿规定的导引路径自动行驶的运输车辆。
AGV可具有安全防护、移载(装卸)等多种功能。
自动导引运输车系统(AGVS)AGV System具备自动导引运输车特性的一整套系统,一般包括数量不等的AGV车辆,上位控制系统,导航系统,通讯系统和充电系统等。
车载控制系统Onboard control system用于AGV车辆的计算机控制软件及其相关器件的总称。
上位控制系统Host control system用于AGV调度系统的计算机控制软件及其相关器件的总称。
无人驾驶DriverlessAGV的主要特性之一。
系统能力System capacityAGV系统在单位时间内能够实现的最大的搬运能力。
系统可靠性System reliabilityAGV系统正常工作时间所占工作总时间的百分比,由于多台AGV处在并行工作模式中,其中一台发生故障的时间权值为1/n,n为系统中AGV的总台数。
地面固定设备Stationary equipment在AGV系统中,用于上位控制,导航/导引,通讯,充电等设备的总称。
反射板Reflector在激光导引AGV系统中使用的导航或导引标识物。
平面反射板Flat reflector反射板的一种类型,反射面为平面柱状反射板Column reflector反射板的一种类型,反射面为柱面定位标志Position markAGV在停车定位时使用的标识物。
磁带Magnetic tape用于磁带导引AGV系统的地面导引设施,一般是沿AGV的行驶路径将其粘贴于地板表面。
导引线Wire用于电磁导引AGV系统的地面导引设施,一般是沿AGV的行驶路径将其埋于地下。
反光带Reflective tape用于光学导引AGV系统的地面导引标识,按导引传感器的特点,沿AGV的行驶路径喷涂或粘贴相应颜色的色带。
agv术语英文大全
agv术语英文大全
1. AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) - 自动引导车辆
2. AGV System - 自动引导车辆系统
3. AGV Technology - 自动引导车辆技术
4. AGV Navigation - 自动引导车辆导航
5. AGV Control - 自动引导车辆控制
6. AGV Communication - 自动引导车辆通信
7. AGV Fleet Management - 自动引导车辆车队管理
8. AGV Safety - 自动引导车辆安全
9. AGV Battery - 自动引导车辆电池
10. AGV Charging - 自动引导车辆充电
11. AGV Path Planning - 自动引导车辆路径规划
12. AGV Traffic Management - 自动引导车辆交通管理
13. AGV Load Handling - 自动引导车辆载荷处理
14. AGV Speed Control - 自动引导车辆速度控制
15. AGV Collision Avoidance - 自动引导车辆避免碰撞
16. AGV Laser Guidance - 自动引导车辆激光导航
17. AGV Vision System - 自动引导车辆视觉系统
18. AGV Localization - 自动引导车辆定位
19. AGV Positioning - 自动引导车辆定位
20. AGV Mapping - 自动引导车辆地图绘制。
自动导引车外文翻译
Automated guided vehicleAn automated guided vehicle or automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is a mobile robot that follows markers or wires in the floor, or uses vision or lasers. They are most often used in industrial applications to move materials around a manufacturing facility or a warehouse. Application of the automatic guided vehicle has broadened during the late 20th century and they are no longer restricted to industrial environments.IntroductionAutomated guided vehicles (AGVs) increase efficiency and reduce costs by helping to automate a manufacturing facility or warehouse.The AGV can tow objects behind them in trailers to which they can autonomously attach. The trailers can be used to move raw materials or finished product. The AGV can also store objects on a bed. The objects can be placed on a set of motorized rollers (conveyor) and then pushed off by reversing them. Some AGVs use fork lifts to lift objects for storage. AGVs are employed in nearly every industry, including, pulp, paper, metals, newspaper, and general manufacturing. Transporting materials such as food, linen or medicine in hospitals is also done.An AGV can also be called a laser guided vehicle (LGV) or self-guided vehicle (SGV). Lower cost versions of AGVs are often called Automated Guided Carts (AGCs) and are usually guided by magnetic tape. AGCs are available in a variety of models and can be used to move products on an assembly line, transport goods throughout a plant or warehouse, and deliver loads to and from stretch wrappers and roller conveyors.The first AGV was brought to market in the 1950s, by Barrett Electronics of Northbrook, Illinois, and at the time it was simply a tow truck that followed a wire in the floor instead of a rail. Over the years the technology has become more sophisticated and today automated vehicles are mainly Laser navigated e.g. LGV (Laser Guided Vehicle). In an automated process, LGVs are programmed to communicate (via an offboard server) with other robots to ensure product is moved smoothly through the warehouse, whether it is being stored for future use or sent directly to shipping areas. Today, the AGV plays an important role in the design of new factories and warehouses, safely moving goods to their rightful destinations.In the late 20th century AGVs took on new roles as ports began turning to this technology to move ISO shipping containers. The Port of Rotterdam employs well over 100 AGVs.AGV applications are seemingly endless as capacities can range from just a few pounds to hundreds of tons.Flexible manufacturing systemTo begin to understand AGV it is necessary to understand the fundamentals of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). FMS is a means by which to manufacture a product. FMS is more of a philosophy rather than a tangible item. FMS is the idea that faster is better and uses machines to produce their products. Rather than using humans to perform repetitive tasks a machine is used to perform that task 24 hours a day. FMS uses computer numerical controlled machines (CNC) to form a work cell. Each cell performs a specific task to assist in the manufacturing of a product. Although FMS is fast and efficient it is not cheap as it requires a lot of expensive machines in order to work. Typically, it costs millions of dollars to introduce an FMS into a factory. Ratherthan using a complete FMS, most companies use part of an FMS called a flexible manufacturing cell. This is used to produce part of a product by machine and maybe part by other methods. Often one or more AGV’s are used in FMS to connect work cells together.WiredThe wired sensor is placed on the bottom of the robot and is placed facing the ground. A slot is cut in the ground and a wire is placed approximately 1 inch below the ground. The sensor detects the radio frequency being transmitted from the wire and follows it.Guide TapeMany light duty AGVs (some known as automated guided carts or AGCs) use tape for the guide path. The tapes can be one of two styles: magnetic or colored. The AGC is fitted with the appropriate guide sensor to follow the path of the tape. One major advantage of tape over wired guidance is that it can be easily removed and relocated if the course needs to change. It also does not involve the expense of cutting the factory or warehouse floor for the entire travel route. Additionally, it is considered a "passive" system since it does not require the guide medium to be energized as wire does. Colored tape is initially less expensive, but lacks the advantage of being embedded in high traffic areas where the tape may become damaged or dirty. A flexible magnetic bar can also be embedded in the floor like wire but works under the same provision as magnetic tape and so remains unpowered or passive.Gyroscopic NavigationAnother form of an AGV guidance is inertial navigation. With inertial guidance, a computer control system directs and assigns tasks to the vehicles. Transponders are embedded in the floor of the work place. The AGV uses these transponders to verify that the vehicle is on course. A gyroscope is able to detect the slightest change in the direction of the vehicle and corrects it in order to keep the AGV on its path. The margin of error for the inertial method is ±1 inch.Natural Features NavigationNavigation without retrofitting of the workspace is called Natural Features Navigation. One method uses one or more range-finding sensors, such as a laser range-finder, as well as gyroscopes and/or inertial measurement units with Monte-Carlo/Markov localization techniques to understand where it is as it dynamically plans the shortest permitted path to its goal. The advantage of such systems is that they are highly flexible for on-demand delivery to any location. They can handle failure without bringing down the entire manufacturing operation, since AGVs can plan paths around the failed device. They also are quick to install, with less down-time for the factory. Steering controlTo help an AGV navigate it can use two different steer control systems. The differential speed control is the most common. In this method there are two sets of wheels being driven. Each set is connected to a common drive train. These drive trains are driven at different speeds in order to turn or the same speed to allow the AGV to go forwards and/or backwards. The AGV turns in a similar fashion to a tank. This method of steering is good in the sense that it is easy to maneuver in small spaces. More often than not, this is seen on an AGV that is used to transport and turn in tight spaces or when the AGV is working near machines. This setup for the wheels is not used in towing applications because the AGV would cause the trailer to jackknife when it turned.The other type of steering used is steered wheel control AGV. This type of steering is similar to a cars steering. It is more precise in following the wire program than the differential speed controlled method. This type of AGV has smoother turning but cannot make sharp turns in tightspots. Steered wheel control AGV can be used in all applications; unlike the differential controlled. Steered wheel control is used for towing and can also at times have an operator control it.Path DecisionAGVs have to make decisions on path selection. This is done through different methods: frequency select mode (wired navigation only), and path select mode (wireless navigation only) or via a magnetic tape on the floor not only to guide the AGV but also to issue steering commands and speed commands.Frequency select modeFrequency select mode bases its decision on the frequencies being emitted from the floor. When an AGV approaches a point on the wire which splits the AGV detects the two frequencies and through a table stored in its memory decides on the best path. The different frequencies are required only at the decision point for the AGV. The frequencies can change back to one set signal after this point. This method is not easily expandable and requires extra guide cutting meaning more money.Path select modeAn AGV using the path select mode chooses a path based on preprogrammed paths. It uses the measurements taken from the sensors and compares them to values given to them by programmers. When an AGV approaches a decision point it only has to decide whether to follow path 1, 2, 3, etc. This decision is rather simple since it already knows its path from its programming. This method can increase the cost of an AGV because it is required to have a team of programmers to program the AGV with the correct paths and change the paths when necessary. This method is easy to change and set up.Magnetic Tape modeThe magnetic tape is not laid on the surface of the floor or buried in a 10 mm channel, not only does it provide the path for the AGV to follow but also sort strips of the tape in different combos of the strip tell the AGV to change lane and also speed up slow down and stop with north and south magnetic combos, this is used by TOYOTA USA and TOYOTA JAPAN.Traffic ControlFlexible manufacturing systems containing more than one AGV may require it to have traffic control so the AGV’s will not run into one another. Methods include zone control, forward sensing control, and combination control each method has its advantages and disadvantages.Zone controlZone control is the favorite of most environments because it is simple to install and easy to expand. Zone control uses a wireless transmitter to transmit a signal in a fixed area. Each AGV contains a sensing device to receive this signal and transmit back to the transmitter. If the area is clear the signa l is set at “clear” allowing any AGV to enter and pass through the area. When an AGV is in the area the “stop” signal is sent and all AGV attempting to enter the area stop and wait for their turn. Once the AGV in the zone has moved out beyond the zone the “clear” signal is sent to one of the waiting AGVs. Another way to set up zone control traffic management is to equip each individual robot with its own small transmitter/receiver. The individual AGV then sends its own “do not enter” message to all the AGVs getting to close to its zone in the area. A problem with this method is if one zone goes down all the AGV’s are at risk to collide with any other AGV.Zone control is a cost efficient way to control the AGV in an area.Forward sensing controlForward sensing control uses collision avoidance sensors to avoid collisions with other AGV in the area. These sensors include: sonic, which work like radar; optical, which uses an infrared sensor; and bumper, physical contact sensor. Most AGVs are equipped with a bumper sensor of some sort as a fail safe. Sonic sensors send a “chirp” or high frequency signal out and then wait for a reply from the outline of the reply the AGV can determine if an object is ahead of it and take the necessary actions to avoid collision. The optical uses an infrared transmitter/receiver and sends an infrared signal which then gets reflected back; working on a similar concept as the sonic sensor. The problems with these are they can only protect the AGV from so many sides. They are relatively hard to install and work with as well.Combination controlCombination control sensing is using collision avoidance sensors as well as the zone control sensors. The combination of the two helps to prevent collisions in any situation. For normal operation the zone control is used with the collision avoidance as a fail safe. For example, if the zone control system is down, the collision avoidance system would prevent the AGV from colliding.System ManagementIndustries with AGVs need to have some sort of control over the AGVs. There are three main ways to control the AGV: locator panel, CRT color graphics display, and central logging and report.A locator panel is a simple panel used to see which area the AGV is in. If the AGV is in one area for too long, it could mean it is stuck or broken down. CRT color graphics display shows real time where each vehicle is. It also gives a status of the AGV, its battery voltage, unique identifier, and can show blocked spots. Central logging used to keep track of the history of all the AGVs in the system. Central logging stores all the data and history from these vehicles which can be printed out for technical support or logged to check for up time.AGV is a system often used in FMS to keep up, transport, and connect smaller subsystems into one large production unit. AGVs employ a lot of technology to ensure they do not hit one another and make sure they get to their destination. Loading and transportation of materials from one area to another is the main task of the AGV. AGV require a lot of money to get started with, but they do their jobs with high efficiency. In places such as Japan automation has increased and is now considered to be twice as efficient as factories in America. For a huge initial cost the total cost over time decreasesCommon AGV ApplicationsAutomated Guided Vehicles can be used in a wide variety of applications to transport many different types of material including pallets, rolls, racks, carts, and containers. AGVs excel in applications with the following characteristics:﹒Repetitive movement of materials over a distance﹒Regular delivery of stable loads﹒Medium throughput/volume﹒When on-time delivery is critical and late deliveries are causing inefficiency﹒Operations with at least two shifts﹒Processes where tracking material is importantRaw Material HandlingAGVs are commonly used to transport raw materials such as paper, steel, rubber, metal, and plastic. This includes transporting materials from receiving to the warehouse, and delivering materials directly to production lines.Work-in-Process MovementWork-in-Process movement is one of the first applications where automated guided vehicles were used, and includes the repetitive movement of materials throughout the manufacturing process. AGVs can be used to move material from the warehouse to production/processing lines or from one process to another.Roll HandlingAGVs are used to transport rolls in many types of plants including paper mills, converters, printers, newspapers, steel producers, and plastics manufacturers. AGVs can store and stack rolls on the floor, in racking, and can even automatically load printing presses with rolls of paper.Battery ChargingAGVs utilize a number of battery charging options. Each option is dependent on the users preference. The most commonly used battery charging technologies are Battery Swap, Automatic/Opportunity Charging, and Automatic Battery Swap.Battery Swap"Battery swap technology" requires an operator to manually remove the discharged battery from the AGV and place a fully charged battery in its place approximately 8 – 12 hours (about one shift) of AGVs operation. 5 – 10 minutes is required to perform this with each AGV in the fleet. Automatic / Opportunity Charging"Automatic and opportunity battery charging" allows for continuous operation. On average an AGV charges for 12 minutes every hour for automatic charging and no manual intervention is required. If opportunity is being utilized the AGV will receive a charge whenever the opportunity arises. When a battery pack gets to a predetermined level the AGV will finish the current job that it has been assigned before it goes to the charging station.Automatic Battery Swap"Automatic battery swap" is an alternative to manual battery swap. It requires an additional piece of automation machinery, an automatic battery changer, to the overall AGV system. AGVs will pull up to the battery swap station and have their batteries automatically replaced with fully charged batteries. The automatic battery changer then places the removed batteries into a charging slot for automatic recharging. The automatic battery changer keeps track of the batteries in the system and pulls them only when they are fully charged.While a battery swap system reduces the manpower required to swap batteries, recent developments in battery charging technology allow batteries to be charged more quickly and efficiently potentially eliminating the need to swap batteries.自动导引车一个自动导引车或自动导向车(AGV)是一种移动机器人在地板后面标记或电线,或使用或激光视力。
自动导引车
自动导向车(导引车)(Automated Guided Vehicle, AGV)一、AGV简介自动导向车(AGV) 是采用自动或人工方式装载货物,按设定的路线自动行驶或牵引着载货台车至指定地点,再用自动或人工方式装卸货物的工业车辆。
按日本JISD6801的定义:AGV是以电池为动力源的一种自动操纵行驶的工业车辆。
自动导向车只有按物料搬运作业自动化、柔性化和准时化的要求,与自动导向系统、自动装卸系统、通讯系统、安全系统和管理系统等构成自动导向车系统(AGVS)才能真正发挥作用AGV是自动导引运输车(Automated Guided V ehicle)的英文缩写。
是指装备有电磁或光学等自动导引装置,能够沿规定的导引路径行驶,具有安全保护以及各种移载功能的运输车,AGV属于轮式移动机器人(WMR――Wheeled Mobile Robot)的范畴。
AGV以电池为动力,可实现无人驾驶的运输作业。
它的主要功能表现为能在计算机监控下,按路径规划和作业要求,精确地行走并停靠到指定地点,完成一系列作业功能。
AGV以轮式移动为特征,较之步行、爬行或其它非轮式的移动机器人具有行动快捷、工作效率高、结构简单、可控性强、安全性好等优势。
与物料输送中常用的其他设备相比,AGV的活动区域无需铺设轨道、支座架等固定装置,不受场地、道路和空间的限制。
因此,在自动化物流系统中,最能充分地体现其自动性和柔性,实现高效、经济、灵活的无人化生产,所以人们形象地把AGV称作是现代物流系统的动脉。
井源AGV的特点:井源AGV为磁带导航式AGV。
结构紧凑,可根据运载部品形状设计适用的运载小车。
对地面平整度要求相对小,一般的工厂地面均可适用。
在铁板地面上使用时运行不受影响。
磁带本生磁性极略小不会吸附粹屑物资,对地面清洁保养不影响二、分类1.按照导引方式不同,分为固定路径导引和自由路径导引。
(1)固定路径导引:在行驶路径上设置导引用的信息媒介物,AGV通过检测出它的信息而得到导引的一种方式,如电磁导引、光学导引、磁带导引(X称磁性导引)等。
浅谈AGV系统
浅 谈 AGV 系 统【摘要】 AGV是自动导引小车(Automated Guided Vehicle)的英文缩写,是自动化物流系统中的关键设备之一。
本文以通俗易懂的方式,全面介绍了AGV系统的工作流程,以及所涉及到的关键技术,并分析了AGV未来发展的趋势。
【关键词】 AGV AGV系统 导航 导引 路径规划 交通管理 发展【Abstract】 AGV refers to Automated Guided Vehicle, it is one of the most important equipments in Logistics or Material Flow system. In this paper, the sophisticated working flow of AGV system and its main technologies concerned are illustrated with an easy and understandable method. Furthermore, the trend of development of AGV in the future is also analyzed.【Key words】AGV AGV system Navigation Guidance Layout designing Traffic management Development1. 什么是AGVAGV是自动导引运输车(Automated Guided Vehicle)的英文缩写。
是指装备有电磁或光学等自动导引装置,能够沿规定的导引路径行驶,具有安全保护以及各种移载功能的运输车,AGV是轮式移动机器人(WMR――Wheel Mobile Robot)的特殊应用。
AGV是一种以电池为动力,装有非接触导航(导引)装置的无人驾驶车辆。
它的主要功能表现为能在计算机监控下,按路径规划和作业要求,精确地行走并停靠到指定地点,完成一系列作业功能。
自动导引小车(AGV)系统的设计
自动导引小车(AGV)系统的设计摘要随着工厂自动化、计算机集成制造系统技术的逐步发展以及柔性制造系统、自动化立体仓库的广泛应用,AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle)即自动导引车作为联系和调节离散型物流系统以使其作业连续化的必要的自动化搬运装卸手段,其应用范围和技术水平得到了迅猛的发展。
AGV是以微控制器为控制核心、蓄电池为动力、装有非接触导引装置的无人驾驶自动导引运载车,其自动作业的基本功能是导向行驶、认址停准和移交载荷。
作为当代物流处理自动化的有效手段和柔性制造系统的关键设备,AGV已经得到了越来越广泛的应用,对AGV的研究也具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。
本文介绍了AGV在国内外的发展现状和应用情况,在此基础上,结合毕业设计的课题要求,设计了红外导引AGV小车。
其研究内容主要包括以下几个方面:1.论述了AGV系统的组成、路径导引方式及原理,结合课题要求,选择“红外导引”作为该系统的导引方式。
2.介绍了AGV车体机械结构的设计,并根据小车的驱动方式和工作要求,对底盘、电机、蓄电池等进行了设计和选型。
3.根据AGV系统的控制和工艺要求,确定了控制系统的总体框架结构。
硬件方面,选择合适的传感器、单片机以及电机驱动器,对传感检测电路和单片机控制系统硬件电路进行了设计:软件方面,采用模块化的编程方式来实现系统的各种功能,并实现了单片机与电机控制器之间的串口通信。
4.在总结全文的基础上,对AGV小车的设计和研究提出了展望。
关键词:红外导引;AGV;单片机;驱动控制电路;行走策略;控制策略;串口通信。
THE DESIGN OG AGV SYSTEMABSTRACTWith the growing of Factory Automation, Computer Integrated Manufacture System and extensive application of Flexible Manufacture System、Automatic Warehouse, the application field and technical level of AGV which contact and adjust the discrete logistics system, make the mission continuous, has greatly enlarged and improved.AGV is the unmanned driver automatic guided vehicle which has its untouched guided equipment, its control center is the microcontroller and storage battery is driving power, its basic function of automatic action is guided driving, recognizing the address to stop precisely and remove the load. As the valid measure of contemporary logistics processing automation and the key equipment of flexible manufacture system, the AGV has already got more and more extensive application, so that the research on AGV has very important theory meaning and realistic meaning.The dissertation introduced the applications and developments of AGV at home and abroad. Combining with the request of this graduation project topic, we designed a whole infrared rays guided vehicle.The main work in this dissertation was arranged as follows:1. The constitution of AGV system, the path guided means and their principles were discussed. According to the requests of the topic, infrared rays guided method was used in the AGV system.2. The design of AGV mechanical structure was introduced, in terms of driving manner and working requests, the type of the chassis, electrical motor and storage battery etc. was chosen and designed.3. According to the control and the craftwork requests of the AGVS, the total frame structure of control system was designed. About hardware, the right sensor, MCU and motor controller had been chosen, the sensing circuits and MCU controlling hard circuits was designed, about software, to achieve many system functions, and to realize serial communication between the MCU and motor controller, blocking programming method was employed.4. On the base of summarizing the dissertation, the development prospect of AGV research was put forward.Key words: Infrared rays guided; AGV; MCU; Drive and control circuit; Running strategy; Control strategy;Serial communication.目录摘要………………………………………………………………………………ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………目录………………………………………………………………………………第1章绪论………………………………………………………………………1.1 概述……………………………………………………………………1.1.1国外研究状况……………………………………………………1.1.2国内发展情况……………………………………………………1.1.3 AGV系统技术研究方向…………………………………………1.2 AGV系统的构成与AGV的结构…………………………………………1.2.1 AGV系统的构成……………………………………………………1.2.2 AGV的结构…………………………………………………………1.3 AGV导航系统……………………………………………………………1.3.1固定路线方式……………………………………………………1. 4研究课题的提出…………………………………………………………1. 5本章小结…………………………………………………………………第2章 AGV的总体设计……………………………………………………………2. 1总体设计…………………………………………………………………2. 2小车运动分析……………………………………………………………2. 3 传感器的选用……………………………………………………………2.3.1 红外传感器寻迹原理……………………………………………2.3.2红外寻迹方案选择………………………………………………2.3.3具体设计与实现…………………………………………………2.3.4超声波传感器避障原理…………………………………………2.3.5超声波测距模块实物图片………………………………………2.3.6超声波模块具体功能简介………………………………………2.3.7规格参数…………………………………………………………2. 4 本章小结…………………………………………………………………第3章 AGV机械结构和驱动转向系统的设计……………………………………3. 1 AGV机械结构的设计………………………………………………3.1.1 车体尺寸结构设计………………………………………………3.1.2 驱动方式的选择和车轮的选择………………………………3.1.3 传感器的布置…………………………………………………3. 2驱动系统部件的选择与校核………………………………………3.2.1电机的选择………………………………………………………3.2.2行走系统的驱动装置…………………………………………3.2.3 AGV行驶阻力的计算…………………………………………3.3 主减速比的选择………………………………………………3.4 电源部分选择………………………………………………………3.5 本章小节………………………………………………………………第4章控制系统与行走策略…………………………………………………4.1控制系统…………………………………………………………………4.1.1驱动芯片模块………………………………………………………4.1.2电源模块……………………………………………………………4.1.3光电耦合器…………………………………………………………4.2电路的设计…………………………………………………………………4.3行走策略……………………………………………………………………4. 4传感器采样………………………………………………………………4. 5控制策略…………………………………………………………………4. 6动作类型………………………………………………………………4.6.1直线路径行走……………………………………………………4.6.2特殊路径的行走……………………………………………………4.6.3左转弯………………………………………………………………4.6.4右转弯………………………………………………………………4.6.5停车………………………………………………………………第5章总结与展望……………………………………………………………5.2研究展望………………………………………………………………5.1全文总结………………………………………………………………第1章绪论1.1 概述AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle)——自动导引车是上世纪50年代发展起来的智能搬运型机器人。
agv术语英文大全
agv术语英文大全摘要:1.AGV 的定义和作用2.AGV 的英文术语大全3.AGV 的应用领域4.我国在AGV 领域的发展正文:AGV,即自动导引车(Automated Guided Vehicle),是一种无人驾驶的、自动运行的物料搬运车辆。
它能在特定的导引设备和全球定位系统(GPS)的引导下,按照设定的路线自动行驶,完成货物的搬运任务。
AGV 的应用领域广泛,涵盖了制造业、物流业、商业等各个行业,为实现智能化生产和物流提供了有力支持。
在AGV 领域,有许多英文术语,下面为您做一个简要的概述:1.Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV):自动导引车2.Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR):自主移动机器人3.Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV):无人地面车辆4.Intelligent Transport System (ITS):智能交通系统5.Global Positioning System (GPS):全球定位系统6.Magnetic Navigation (MagNet):磁条导航7.Optical Navigation (Laser):激光导航8.Wireless Navigation (Wi-Fi):无线导航9.Inertial Navigation (IMU):惯性导航10.SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping):同时定位与建图近年来,我国在AGV 领域取得了长足的发展。
从制造能力、技术研发到市场应用,都呈现出良好的发展态势。
我国政府也积极推动智能制造、工业互联网和物流现代化等政策,为AGV 行业的发展提供了有力支持。
AGV的简介
AGV的简介AGV是自动导引运输车(Automated Guided Vehicle)的英文缩写,我们可以简单地把它看成是无人驾驶的运输车,从1913年美国福特汽车公司使用有轨底盘装配车,1954年英国采用地下埋线电磁感应导向车以来,到九十年代全世界拥有AGV(Automated Guided Vehicl es)10万台以上。
近年来,自动化技术呈现加速发展的趋势,国内自动化立体仓库和自动化柔性装配线进入发展与普及阶段。
其中,在自动仓库与生产车间之间,各工位之间,各段输送线之间,AGV起了无可替代的重要作用,与传统的传送辊道或传送带相比,AGV输送路线具有施工简单、路径灵活,不占用空间、较好的移动性、柔性等优点。
有了这样的生产过程,就会得到稳定的高质量产品和井井有条的生产环境;工作人员会把精力放在人所擅长的方面,比如监督,在发生问题的时候采取适当的措施,或其它需要灵活处理事情,简单地说,就是思考。
简练生产制,准时生产制,大规模定做制-这些现代化的生产哲学概念制造了对AGV的大量需求。
多年来,AGV技术的应用证明了它与生产自动化之间有着密切的联系,例如它提高了生产力和生产效率。
无论目前还是将来,AGV 系统特有的柔性化设计都能为工厂或仓库的生产环境带来切实效益。
随着我国各行各业自动化生产、仓储、运输的不断推进,对AGV系统的应用需求将是非常大的。
自1979年以来,我国的计划生育政策实施了将近30年,城市中越来越多的421(2对老人,1对夫妻,1个孩子)家庭结构必然会在今后的5年内逐渐形成,年轻的夫妇将成为家庭的支柱和社会的栋梁,家庭和社会负担都将非常沉重,因此未来的人力成本将会大幅度提高,多年的计划生育,使得目前的中国劳动力已经出现匮乏的现象, 特别是2010年至今, 企业面对招聘难和人力成本高涨, 企业面对高额人力成本的唯一方法是提高有效劳动生产力,也就是提高生产自动化的程度,AGV作为目前最柔性的自动化运输设备有着广阔的市场。
自动引导车的概念
自动引导车的概念自动引导车(Automatic Guided Vehicle,AGV)是一种能够自主导航、搬运物品以及执行其他任务的无人驾驶车辆。
它可以在工业生产线上或仓储中心内进行自动化物料搬运,提高生产效率和减少劳动力成本。
自动引导车通常由车身、行驶控制系统、感知系统、导航系统和物料搬运系统等部分组成。
车身通常采用电瓶驱动,可以根据不同的工作环境和任务需求进行定制。
行驶控制系统负责控制车辆的速度、转向以及停靠等基本动作。
感知系统可以通过激光雷达、摄像头、红外线传感器等设备,实时感知车辆周围的环境和障碍物,从而进行路径规划和避障。
导航系统通过地磁导航、激光导航、视觉导航等技术,确定车辆的当前位置和目标位置,实现自主导航。
物料搬运系统通常包括机械臂、货叉、传送带等设备,可以根据具体任务需求,完成自动搬运、装载和卸载等操作。
自动引导车的应用领域非常广泛。
在制造业中,它可以在生产线上完成零部件的搬运、机器人的上下料以及成品的运输等任务,提高生产线的灵活性和效率。
在仓储行业中,自动引导车可以代替人工搬运货物,实现自动化仓储、集货和发货,提高效率并减少错误。
在医疗行业中,它可以用于医院内的物资配送,减轻护士的工作负担,提高工作效率。
在物流行业中,自动引导车可以用于货物的搬运、分拣和装载等环节,提高物流的效率和准确性。
自动引导车的优势主要体现在以下几个方面。
首先,它可以24小时不间断地运行,大大提高物流和生产的效率。
其次,自动引导车可以根据实际需求进行灵活调度,可以根据生产计划和任务安排,自动调整工作模式和路径规划,减少人工干预。
再次,自动引导车可以减少人工搬运的风险,特别适用于一些危险环境或重复性高风险的工作场所。
最后,自动引导车还可以减少劳动力成本,降低企业的人工成本和管理难度。
然而,自动引导车的应用还存在一些挑战和限制。
首先,自动引导车的导航和避障能力还需要进一步提升,特别是在复杂的环境中,如交叉路口、狭窄通道或人员密集区域。
AGV自动导引小车结构系统全设计
AGV自动导引小车结构系统全设计AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle)自动导引小车是一种能够自主行驶、无人操控的物流设备。
它可以通过激光导航、超声波导航、视觉导航等技术实现路径规划和避障,主要用于仓库、工厂等场所的物料搬运和运输。
下面将对AGV自动导引小车的结构系统进行详细设计。
1.机械结构系统:AGV的机械结构系统主要包括底盘、车体、传动系统和导航系统。
底盘是AGV的支撑结构,可以选择钢材或铝合金材料制作,具有足够的强度和刚性。
车体是AGV的外壳,一般采用塑料材料制作,具有一定的防护性能。
传动系统包括驱动电机、减速器和轮子,用于提供动力和驱动AGV行驶。
导航系统包括激光导航、超声波导航或视觉导航等技术,用于实现路径规划和避障。
2.电气控制系统:AGV的电气控制系统主要包括电源系统、控制系统和通信系统。
电源系统提供电能给AGV的驱动电机和其他电子设备,一般采用锂电池或铅酸电池,具有较长的续航能力。
控制系统包括主控单元、传感器和执行器,用于控制AGV的行驶、定位和操作。
通信系统用于与上位机或其他AGV进行通信,可以选择有线通信或无线通信方式。
3.路径规划和避障系统:AGV的路径规划和避障系统是实现自主行驶的关键。
路径规划算法可以根据仓库或工厂的布局和需求,确定最优的行驶路径,提高运输效率。
避障系统通过激光雷达、超声波传感器、摄像头等设备,实时检测周围环境,避免与障碍物发生碰撞。
4.软件系统:AGV的软件系统主要包括导航软件、控制软件和监控软件。
导航软件通过激光导航、超声波导航或视觉导航等技术,实现路径规划和避障。
控制软件负责控制AGV的行驶、定位和操作,根据传感器的数据进行决策。
监控软件用于实时监控AGV的运行状态和位置,提供远程控制和管理。
AGV自动导航车中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料外文翻译中文译文:AGV介绍汽车为基础的内部交通系统采用自动导引车(AGV)用通常使用的设施,如制造工厂,仓库,配送中心和中转站。
他们被称为自动导引车系统(AGVS)。
附图1给出了一个这样的AGVS中在配送中心的计算机硬件和软件(德科斯特等,2004年),其中运输导向车(托盘)地点之间负载,如接收行车线,以储存区,储存区和航运通道。
AGVS中的一个流程的设计和控制涉及的许多问题。
其中主要有:引导路径设计,估算所需的车辆数目(或确定所需车辆),车辆调度,闲置车辆定位,电池管理,车辆路由和僵局的解决。
他们属于在决策过程中的不同层面。
该指南路径设计可以被看作是在战略层次问题。
在现阶段,决定在其他级别上的决策产生巨大影响。
在战术层面的问题包括估计的车辆数目,调度车辆(车辆调度决策都可能属于战术和业务水平),定位闲置车辆,管理电池充电计划。
最后,车辆路由,死锁的决议(和预防)问题解决在业务水平。
在设计和控制过程,一些互动和迭代步骤之间可以看到。
例如,该指南路径系统的类型,直接影响到车辆的数目和所需的车辆调度系统的复杂性。
附图1 一个配送中心引导车系统传统的自动导引车系统使用固定的车辆引导,路径。
现代AGV系统不同于作为经典的描述,例如,在Jünemann和施密特(2000年)和汤普金斯等人(2003年)的书籍中的描述。
在几个方面。
而不是用固定的路径,许多现代AGV 的是自由放养的,这意味着他们的首选曲目是软件编程,并且可以比较容易地改变时,新站或流量增加。
第二个区别是在他们可以控制的方式。
代理技术可以决定由这些智能车辆采取的,在过去采取的是由中央控制器。
这导致自适应,自学习系统,是特别适合大,许多车辆和巨大的潜力车辆干扰的复杂系统。
这些事态发展并不意味着传统的决策问题变得过时。
相反,他们的研究带来新的挑战。
我们都讨论的传统AGVS中的决策问题和使用的决策自由放养的AGV的影响。
AGV系统上有一些评论文章。
AGV自动导引车
光扫描导引
沿着路径从高处用光束进行 扫描,计算机根据光信息, 精密检测出AGV AGV现在的位置。 精密检测出AGV现在的位置。 这种导引方法路径变换容易, 其光扫描方式也最简单。
信标方式
信标方式(激光导航),这种方式 信标方式(激光导航),这种方式 ), 是在路径上或沿着路径设置多个标 记,标记本身主动发出信号提供有 关位置信息。信标方式是从现在位 关位置信息。 置寻找若干个信标, 置寻找若干个信标,然后根据其方 向和有关信标的位置信息,利用三 向和有关信标的位置信息, 角测量原理计算出现在的位置。 角测量原理计算出现在的位置。这 种方法标记设置简单、廉价,精度 种方法标记设置简单、廉价, 也非常好。 也非常好。
牵 引 式 自 动 导 向 搬 运 车
单元载荷式自动导向搬运车
AGV的导引方式 的导引方式
AGV导引方式是指决定其运行方向和路径 AGV导引方式是指决定其运行方向和路径 的方式。常用的导引方式分为两类: 的方式。常用的导引方式分为两类: 预定路径方式,非预定路径方式。 预定路径方式,非预定路径方式。
2)磁性式导向。是在地面上连续铺设 )磁性式导向。 一条金属磁带, 一条金属磁带,而在车辆上装有磁性 传感器,检测磁带的磁场, 传感器,检测磁带的磁场,通过磁场 偏差测定控制驱动转向电机来调整车 辆行驶和方向。 辆行驶和方向。 采用该方式的自动搬运车, 采用该方式的自动搬运车,其地面系 统较为简单,施工也较为方便, 统较为简单,施工也较为方便,且可 靠性好,因此得到了普及。 靠性好,因此得到了普及。
这种导引方式是在地面上连续铺设一条用发光材料制作的带子或者用发光涂料涂抹在规定的运行路线上再在车辆的底部装有检测反射光传感器通过偏差测定装置到驱动转向电机来不断调整车辆前进的方向以保持车辆沿着规定的线路行驶
Automated Guided Vehicle自动引导小车
In the 1970s: the basic guiding technology is relied on the induction of the
buried conductors of electromagnetic frequency. Through a process called "controller" ground wire equipment on or off the frequency, thus guide AGV moving along a predetermined path.
AGV
Automated Guided Vehicle
1.The Definition
China's national standards :means equipped with
automatic guiding Settings, can drive along the provisions of the jin road, on the car body with programming and parking choice device, safety protection device and carrying vehicles of various kinds of material transfer function. The American association of logistics: equipped with electromagnetic or optical guiding device, can be in accordance with the provisions of the direct route, with the car running and stop device, safety protection device and the transportation of the car has a variety of tranThe Development History
自动导引小车(AGV)的设计
1 绪论1.1选题的依据及意义AGV是集人工智能、信息处理和图像处理为一体,综合了当今科技领域先进的理论和应用技术。
属于移动式机器人的一个分支。
它最早是在美国发展起来的,在国外已经有几十年的历史了。
因此,AGV被广泛应用在仓储业、邮局、图书馆、港口码头、机场以及危险场所和特种作业的场合。
AGV是一种非常有发展前途的物流输送设备,尤其在柔性制造系统(FMS)中被认为是最有效的物料运输设备。
1.2 AGV自动导引小车简介AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle),即自动导引车,是一种物料搬运设备,是能在一位置自动进行货物的装载,自动行走到另一位置,自动完成货物的卸载的全自动运输装置。
AGV是以电池为动力源的一种自动操纵的工业车辆。
装卸搬运是物流的功能要素之一,在物流系统中发生的频率很高,占据物流费用的重要部分。
因此,运输工具得到了很大的发展,其中AGV的使用场合最广泛,发展十分迅速。
1.3 AGV自动导引小车的分类自动导引小车分为有轨和无轨两种。
所谓有轨是指有地面或空间的机械式导向轨道。
地面有轨小车结构牢固,承载力大,造价低廉,技术成熟,可靠性好,定位精度高。
地面有轨小车多采用直线或环线双向运行,广泛应用于中小规模的箱体类工件FMS中。
高架有轨小车(空间导轨)相对于地面有轨小车,车间利用率高,结构紧凑,速度高,有利于把人和输送装置的活动范围分开,安全性好,但承载力小。
高架有轨小车较多地用于回转体工件或刀具的输送,以及有人工介人的工件安装和产品装配的输送系统中。
有轨小车由于需要机械式导轨,其系统的变更性、扩展性和灵活性不够理想。
无轨小车是一种利用微机控制的,能按照一定的程序自动沿规定的引导路径行驶,并具有停车选择装置、安全保护装置以及各种移载装置的输送小车。
无轨小车按引导方式和控制方法的分为有径引导方式和无径引导自主导向方式。
有径引导方式是指在地面上铺设导线、磁带或反光带制定小车的路径,小车通过电磁信号或光信号检测出自己的所在位置,通过自动修正而保证沿指定路径行驶。
AGV自动导引车结构
AGV自动导引车结构AGV自动导引车——简介AGV是自动导引车(Automated Guided Vehicle)的英文缩写,是指具有磁条,轨道或者激光等自动导引设备,沿规划好的路径行驶,以电池为动力,并且装备安全保护以及各种辅助机构(例如移载,装配机构)的无人驾驶的自动化车辆。
通常多台AGV与控制计算机(控制台),导航设备,充电设备以及周边附属设备组成AGV系统,其主要工作原理表现为在控制计算机的监控及任务调度下,AGV可以准确的按照规定的路径行走,到达任务指定位置后,完成一系列的作业任务,控制计算机可根据AGV自身电量决定是否到充电区进行自动充电。
AGV自动导引车是融合了电子技术和机械技术的典型机电一体化产品。
随着各种AGV新产品不断开发,AGV自动导引车技术不断发展,先进的传感器、电子电力器件、光电器件、计算机、控制技术、电池技术、机构学等高新技术成果逐渐地集成到AGV新产品及其系统技术中去,使它的技术附加值越来越大。
AGV自动导引车由车体、蓄电池和充电系统、驱动装置、转向装置、精确停车装置、运动控制器、通信装置、移载系统、和导航系统等组成。
AGV自动导引车的引导原理是根据自动导引车行走的轨迹进行编程,数字编码器检测出的电压信号判断其与预先编程的轨迹的位置偏差,控制器根据位置偏差调整电机转速对偏差进行纠正,从而使自动导引小车沿预先编程的轨迹行走。
因此AGV自动导引车行走过程中,需不断地根据输入的位置偏差信号调整电机转速,对系统进行实时控制。
小车采用两后轮独立驱动差速转向,两前轮为万向轮的四轮结构形式。
步进电机经减速器后通过驱动轮提供驱动力,当两轮运动速度不同时就可以实现差速转向。
AGV自动导引车——结构AGV自动导引车由车体、蓄电池和充电系统、驱动装置、转向装置、精确停车装置、运动控制器、通信装置、移载系统、和导航系统等组成。
(AGV自动导引车的构架图)(1)车体包括底盘、车架、壳体和控制室和相应的机械电气结构如减速箱、电机、车轮等所组成,是AGV 自动导引车的基础部分。
自动导引车产品介绍
自动导引车产品介绍
王宏玉
【期刊名称】《机器人技术与应用》
【年(卷),期】2007(000)005
【摘要】自动导引车(Automatic Guided Vehicle,AGV)是集光、机、电技术于一体的高科技产品,随着电子器件和控制技术的发展,AGV的技术也在不断地
提高,而且许多新技术都应用到AGV或AGVS上。
例如,激光技术的应用使AGV实现虚拟路径的导航和安全保捷无线局域网的应用使AGV的调度实时性更强,是AGV调度技术的一场革命;现场总线的应用使AGV的可靠性和可维护性得到
提商RFID的应用使AGV与地面系统的信息交互量更大,自适应性更强。
【总页数】3页(P15-17)
【作者】王宏玉
【作者单位】沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TP273
【相关文献】
1.自动导引车导引技术研究现状与发展趋势 [J], 王皖君;张为公
2.自动导引车云导引平台的研究与设计 [J], 邢海洋;张军;王楠
3.自动导引车视觉导引路径的识别及精确测量 [J], 喻俊;楼佩煌;钱晓明;武星
4.基于自动导引车单向导引路径网络的智能车间设备布局规划 [J], 王闯; 常丰田;
高佳佳
5.自动导引车多摄像机主动导引系统的协同标定 [J], 石陈陈;楼佩煌;武星;钱晓明因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
自动导向搬运车课件
② 有线--分散式
在预定的地点,如AGV停泊
站,在特定的AGV与地面控 制器之间提供通信。一般通 过感应或光学通信的方法来 实现。
优点:价格较便宜; 缺点:AGV 在两通信点之间
发生故障,将无法与地面控 制站取得联
驱动方式:差速驱动
对比中的不足(未来改进方向)
I-SO GPS400潜伏式
智能AGV
根据自主程度划分,AGV可分为:智能型 和普通型。
(1)智能型AGV:在每台小车的控制系统中,通过编 程存有全部的运行线路和线路区段控制的信息,小车 只需知道目的地和到达目的地后完成的任务,就可以 自动选择最优线路完成指定的任务。 (2)普通型AGV:每台小车的控制系统一般比较简单 ,其本身的所有功能、路线规划和区段控制都由主控 计算机进行控制。
潜伏式自动导引车系统---AGVS(Automatic Guided Vehicle System)
关键技术
控制方式:PLC/AGV运动控制芯片(可选) 可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller
,PLC),它采用一类可编程的存储器,用于其内部 存储程序,执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数与 算术操作等面向用户的指令,并通过数字或模拟式输 入/输出控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。 运动控制芯片是专门为精密控制步进电机和伺服电机 而设计的专用处理器。用户使用运动控制芯片以后, 所有实时运动控制可交由运动控制芯片来处理,大大 简化了运动控制系统的软硬件结构和开发工作。
潜伏式牵引AGV
自动导向车(Automated Guided Vehicle,简称AGV)
也称为自动导向搬运车、自动引导搬运车。 指装备有电磁或光学等自动导引装置,能够沿规 定的导引路径行驶,具有安全保护以及各种移载功能 的运输车,工业应用中不需驾驶员的搬运车,以可充 电之蓄电池为其动力来源。一般可透过电脑来控制其 行进路线以及行为,或利用电磁轨道(electromagnetic path-following system)来设立其行进路线,电磁轨道 黏贴於地板上,无人搬运车则依循电磁轨道所带来的 讯息进行移动与动作。
AGV(自动导引车 )简介
7.2.1 预定路径方式
1.车外连续标记 (1) 电磁导引 这是目前AGV采用最广泛的一种导引方式(见图7-10)。它需要在 地面开槽(约51mm宽,15mm深)埋设电缆,接通低压、低频信 号,在电线周围产生磁场。车上需安装有两个感应线圈,并 使其分别位于此导引线的两侧 。导向线中电流约为200~ 300mA,频率为2kHz~35kHz。
2.数字地图引导 把路径画在数字地图上,作为人与机器的对话式系统,非常容易 接近。此外,利用中央计算机的指令把路径的设定作为串行数 据给出的方法,对复杂、交叉路径多的路线特别有效。是适合 于控制复杂、多种、多量AGV的方法,是使工厂内的物流系 统高度自动化所必须的。
7.2.3 智能引导
智能引导方式有示教式(初级智能)和路径规划两种。 示教式:当AGV沿着示教的路径行走一次,即记住行走路线。 它实际上还可学会新的行走路径,并通知主控计算机所学到的 东西。主控计算机可通知其他的AGV关于这条新的路径的信 息。
7.1.2 AGV在AS/RS中的作用 控制台通过计算机网络接受立体仓库管理系统下达的AGV输送 任务,通过无线局域网通讯系统实时采集各AGV、拆箱机器 人的状态信息。根据需求情况和当前AGV运行情况,将调度 命令传递给选定的AGV。AGV完成一次运输任务,在托盘 回收站待命,等待下次任务。 各立体库出货口和拆箱机器人处均有光导通讯装置。对运行中 的AGV,控制台将通过无线局域网通讯系统与AGV交换信 息,实现AGV问的避碰调度、工作状态检测、任务调度。在 立体仓库和拆箱机器人处通过光导通讯与AGV交换任务和状 态,完成移载。 自动导航系统完成AGV的导引。充电系统由充电器和充电控制 器组成,完成在线快速自动充电。AGV接受控制台的任务, 完成运输。地面移载设备可实现AGV的自动移载、加载、交 换空托盘。图7-4为在青岛海尔自动化立体仓库中移载用的 激光导引AGV。
自动导引搬运车
• 3.交通管理 • 交通管理是根据AGV的物理尺寸大小、运行状态和
路径状况,提供AGV互相自动避让的措施,同时避 免车辆互相等待的死锁方法和出现死锁的解除方 法。AGV的交通管理主要有行走段分配和死锁报告 功能。 • 4.通信管理 • 通信管理提供AGV地面控制系统与AGV单机、 地面监控系统、地面IO设备、车辆仿真系统及上 位计算机的通信功能。与AGV间通信使用无线电通 信方式,需要建立一个无线网络,AGV只与地面系 统进行双向通信,AGV间不进行通信,地面控制系 统采用轮询式和多台AGV通信;与地面监控系统、 车辆仿真系统和上位计算机的通信使用TCP/IP通 信。
1.2自动导引搬运车的分类和结构
• 1.按照导引方式不同分类 • 按照导引方式不同,可以分为电磁感应导引、激光导引、惯性
导航导引、光带感应导引、磁力感应导引、直接坐标导引技术、图 像识别导引技术、GPS导航技术和超声波导引搬运车等。 • 2.按照移载方式不同分类 • 按照移载方式不同,AGV可分为侧叉式移载、叉车式移载、推 挽式移载、辊道输送机 • 式移载、链式输送机移载、升降台移载和机械手移载等。
物流设施与设备
自动导引搬运车
• 1.1自动导引搬运车(AGV)的概念与使用特点 • 1.AGV的概念 • 自动导引搬运车(AutomatedGuidedVehicle,
AGV)又称无人搬运车。我国国家标准《物流术语》 中,对AGV的定义为:装有自动导引装置、安全保 护装置以及各种物料移载功能的搬运设备。 • 2.AGV的使用特点 • (1)运行路线设定灵活。(2)具有检知和避开 障碍物的技能。(3)智能化与自动化。(4)可沿多 条路径进行。运行不局限于一个或几个回路,而 是整个系统内的各条线路。它具有前进、后退、 侧行和斜行等功能,同时还可以以车体平面内的 一点为轴线旋转。(5)与计算机控制的全自动化生 产装配系统有机地相要技术参数