【全国百强校】湖南省长郡中学2016届高三(文)英语随堂资料《复杂句子结构分析

英语长难句分析2014-09-09纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。

不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。

一、复杂句的构成复杂句常由是由各种修饰语（如各类从句、非谓语、形容词性短语、名词性短语、介词短语，同位语，with+宾语+宾补结构, 并列结构等）拓展而成。

难点：如何判断修饰语及其修饰的对象。

1. The day I was looking forward to _______ at last.A. cameB. comeC. comingD. had come2. The students absent from the lessons must make up for them ?Question: What does ―them‖ refer to?3. People objecting to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) safety requirements set in 1977.Questions: Why do some people object to seat belt installation? (10 words)4. ―It is irresponsible for Google to produce a product like this without taking technological measures that would obscure (遮掩) the identities of people captured by this product,‖ he said.Question: What is the problem of Google’s new product? (5 words)5. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for historical treasure—a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan, ―a woman who knew everybody in her days,‖ James Green, the librarian toldthe magazine ―American Librarians‖.Who discovered the diary?A. The Library Company of Philadelphia.B. Deborah Logan.C. James Green.D. No one knows.6. (2008北大自主招生)Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage from English into Chinese.Thanks to the work of many scientists, we are now clear that many of the important earthquake（地震）regions are places where the movements of plates are happening and therefore, it becomes much easier to look for signs that an earthquake is coming soon. (2) In the past few years, there hasbeen great excitement about the possibility of finding out when earthquakes are going to happen by measuring changes in the rocks, but we are still not sure whether this can bethe basis for an efficient means of predicting earthquakes.But further research on this subject may suggest ways in which earthquakes can be predicted and prevented. (3) One idea is that it might be possible to reduce the pressuresthat have built up in rocks by pumping in water at high pressure, thus producing a wet surface on which the two opposite side of the fault can slide.Now the question is that nobody is quite sure what the results might be.二、长难句常见的特殊结构类型I. 使用插入语1. In 1996 Armstrong, the then No1 cyclist in the world, was diagnosed with cancer and many thought that it meant the end of his career, maybe even his life.（同位语）2. The one-kilogram Win-Cub satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit.（非谓语）3. On Yi Jian Lain’s arrival to the NBA, his performance in the first game, as his fans had expected, turned out a great success. （从句）4. Those，unaware of what is happening in society today , may be surprised to learn that few academic philosophers study death, happiness and so on.Practice：1. This lecture, following the previous lectures focusing on the reading obstacles in new words and psychology, turns to those in complex sentences, which are always dogging students as well. Syntax analysis, in this case, particularly when meaning analysis fails to work, proves to be a great help.1) Dogging in this sentence means_______.A. following… as a fierce dogB. like a ghost hanging aroundC. puzzlingD. exciting2) Those in this sentence refers to _______.A. obstaclesB. lecturesC. studentsD. new words and psychology2. I, together with my newly-born son, was determined to visit my father although we had separated and never contacted for nearly 20 years because I would not follow his footprint. On the long flight to Hawaii, memories of my childhood, when I was my father’s shadow, came flooding back. …So excited was my father with the new status of grandfather th at he was determined to resign earlier to take care of Tim.Which of the following statements is wrong?A. There must have been some gap in communication between the writer and her father at first.B. The father changed his attitude after writer’s visit and his grandson’s birth.C. On the way back to visit her father, the writer was caught in a storm.D. Probably the grandfather was now living with his grandson.II. 使用省略结构1. You can learn that the oldest person is a woman who lived to be 122 years and 164 days, thelongest moustache reached a length of 1.6 metres, and that the longest poisonous snake is5.71 metres long.2. Decision-thinking is not unlike poker—it often matters not only what you think, but alsowhat others think you think and what you think they think you think.3.It is quite uneasy not to be able to see or to establish contact with the others ,even though wehave learnt to talk with people we can not see, as on the telephone.Practice1. More new building materials and technology are in development. A Philadelphia building firm is now working on the new technology ―smart wrap‖ that uses tiny solar collectors to catch the sun’s energy and transmitters (传输器) the width of a human hair to move it.They are expected to change the face of the construction industry in the next ten years or so.The underlined word “it” in the sentence refers to ________.A. a human hairB. smart wrapC. the sun’s energyD. a transmitter2. It is no good learning strings of words and lists of grammatical rules unless you know as much as possible about the background of the language, so that you can understand the ideas which are being conveyed, the references which are being made, and the inferences which can be drawn from the information explicitly given.The sentence above tells us ________.A. a good knowledge of a language call for a good knowledge of words and grammarB. the background of a language is more important than words and grammarC. the background of the language is a great help in understanding itD. you can’t learn the spirit of the language unless learning its background3. Gandhi believes in the truth that it doesn’t lie as much in who he is as in what he does. Gandhi believes _______.A. his reputation is not so important as his occupation.B. what really matters is his value to society instead of his social positionC. no matter what a person does, he should make contribution to societyD. one’s reputation should match his social value.III. 改变语序1.Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of this program has it been possible to modify TV programming policies.2. More worthy of the name ― stage school‖ are those few places where children attend full time, with a training for the theatre and a general education.3. So pleased was my father with his new status—grandfather that he took early retirement when Timmy was four months old.4. Should I have the power to extend my life, I would really want to live 500 more years.Practice：1. Present at the meeting were Clare Flower, a lawyer, and Tom Goode, a detective, who was introduced to everyone as the lawyer’s assistant.How many people mentioned above were probably present at the meeting?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 52. But Cook ordered the crew to throw over the side of the ship guns, iron balls, pots and chainsand even stores to raise the boat in the water.What did Cook order to throw?3. Eleven miners who died in the Sago disaster could have walked out alive had they known that there was healthier air less than 2,000 feet away, the head of the mining company told NBC News in an interview aired on Monday – exactly a week to the day that the men trapped in the mine awaiting rescuers who arrived too late for all but one survivor.―They were headed into an unknown,‖ International Coal Group CEO Ben Hatfield said. They had no way of knowing how big, how disastrous the explosion was. In hindsight, if they had known that the smoke was only extremely dense in an area of perhaps 1,000 0r 1,500 feet, yes they could have moved to fresh air, yes they could have survived, but they had no way of knowing that.‖It’s over two miles to the outside and they no doubt would have been concerned that they can’t walk through two mils of smoke,‖ he added. ― If they had known that it was only 1,500 or 2,000 feet of smoke certainly they could have come on out and yes they could have been saved.‖Hatfield called it a tragedy that was ― unavoidable and horribly sad‖ because the miners, even thought they had breathing devices, did exactly what they had been taught to do: hunker down ( 蹲下) and wait for rescuers.Crews did not know the location of the miners while they awaited rescue and had no way to communicate with them.The men appeared to have died after about 10 hours and the rescuers only arrived after about 40 hours. Eleven men died awaiting rescue, one died in the last that caused the disaster and a 13th survived.1.Which of the following is the best headline for the news report？A. Mine explosion kills twelveB. Fallen miners were not far from safety.C. International Coal Group CEO expresses condolences (悼念) on death of minersD. Fear of walking long distance leads to death.2）Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A. One miner survived the accident by moving to fresh air on his own.B. The trapped miners did not walk out to safety because they could not tell their location.C. They only survivor was rescued around 40 hours after the explosion.D. Twelve miners died after sitting trapped in the mine for about 10 hours.。