译文封皮及模板
毕业设计中英文翻译封皮格式及装订顺序
毕业设计中英文翻译学生姓名： 学号： 学专 指导教师：年 月（小二号居中）三号楷体 三号楷体 三号楷体1．×××××××（一级标题用小3号黑体，加粗，并留出上0.5行，段后0.5行）（作为文章2级标题，用小4号黑体，加粗）×××××××××（小4号宋体）××××××…………1.1.1 ××××（作为正文3级标题，用小4号黑体，不加粗）×××××××××（小4号宋体，行距1.5倍）×××××××××××××××××××××××××××………装订顺序：1、英文文章2、中文翻译外文翻译译文题目一种自动化夹具设计方法原稿题目A Clamping Design Approach for Automated Fixture Design原稿出处Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2001) 18:784–789一种自动化夹具设计方法塞西尔美国，拉斯克鲁塞斯，新墨西哥州立大学，，工业工程系，虚拟企业工程实验室（VEEL）在这片论文里，描述了一种新的计算机辅助夹具设计方法。
对于一个给定的工件，这种夹具设计方法包含了识别加紧表面和夹紧位置点。
通过使用一种定位设计方法去夹紧和支撑工件，并且当机器正在运行的时候，可以根据刀具来正确定位工件。
6毕业设计（论文）外文译文封面
毕业设计(论文)外文文献译文文献题名：葡萄糖作为单一有机基质强化生物除磷的SBR法Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in SBR UsingGlucose as a Single Organic Substrate学院：环境科学与工程学院专业：环境工程2005级学生姓名：李凯指导教师：胡开林日期：2009年03月31日～06月15日葡萄糖作为单一有机基质强化生物除磷的SBR法蒋轶锋、李相昆、冯晓宇、王树涛、王宝贞、刘亚男、陈建孟摘要：经过对序批式厌氧/好氧反应器（ SBR ）的调查研究发现，可以提供葡萄糖作为一个单一的有机基质来对生物除磷（ EBPR ）进行强化。
研究结果表明，EBPR 过程中，也可以成功地与葡萄糖发生以外的其他短链脂肪酸（ SCFAs ）。
高磷释放和聚羟基血凝素（ PHA ）在厌氧阶段积累时被发现了至关重要的除磷在好氧阶段。
在细胞内测量糖原，其储备显示，其中有较高的机会在厌氧条件下以取代能源作用的聚磷。
此外，还利用糖原进行碳源植物血凝素的合成，以及正如早先的报道所称那样。
然而，所积累的植物血凝素在这个系统主要是以聚羟基（ PHV ）为形式的，而并不是聚羟基丁酸酯，乳酸作为发酵产品还发现可以被大量的释放。
应用基本知识，生物化学以及实验结果产生一个概念模型，即利用葡萄糖的代谢糖诱导强化EBPR 。
关键词：强化生物除磷（ EBPR ），序批式反应器（ SBR ），血糖， PHA 1、材料和方法1.1 SBR 工艺操作哈尔滨工学院的控制研究中心在水污染实验室安装了的一个具有规模的 EBPR 系统，并将接种物从中播种。
将集中的有机组成和矿物成分进行的综合废水被用作试验的原水。
为尽量减少基质降解，原料从稀释自来水之前的SBR工艺运行周期中开始准备。
SBR的工作容积为2升，并于操作填充和借鉴的基础上，以8小时周期组成的10分钟灌装或者将其撤消，周期为厌氧2小时，好氧4小时， 1小时和50分钟解决闲置阶段的序列。
外文文献翻译封面格式和要求模版
毕业论文外文文献翻译年级专业：2011级国际经济与贸易姓 名：学 号：附 件：Challenges and Opportunities备注：（注意：备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印，看懂了即可）1.从所引用的与毕业设计（论文）内容相近的外文文献当选择一篇或一部份进行翻译（很多于3000实词）；2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部份，第一部份为外文文献，页码从正文开始到英文终止；第二部份为该外文文献的中文翻译，页码从头从正文开始到终止，中英文两部份之间用分页符隔开。
也确实是说，第一外文文献部份终止后，利用分页符，另起一页开始翻译。
3.格式方面，外文文献的格式，除字体统一利用Times new roman之外，其他所有都跟中文论文的格式一样。
中文翻译的格式，跟中文论文的格式一样。
（注意：备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印，看懂了即可,定稿后,请删除本页.）【Abstract】Exports of dairy products are becoming increasingly important in terms of export earnings for Australia. The industry is the fourth highest foreign exchange earner compared toall Australia's food exports. However, Australian exports of dairy products account for about 67 per cent of the total Australian production of dairy products, and about 13 per cent of total world exports of dairy products. About 68 per cent of Australian dairy products exports are sold on Asian markets. The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenging issues and opportunities for Australian exports of dairy products on world markets and to identify potential and emerging export markets for Australian dairy is highly restricted on its access to world dairy product markets by the impact of export subsidies and other trade barriers of overseas markets. The current cconomic and political crises in Asia are also not favourable to maintain export sales on some of the Asian export support schcme in Australia has made exporting attractive relativc to domestic sales. But it is anticipated that the termination of the scheme after June 2000, will reduce production and exports by 6 and 20 per cent, respectively in the short run. However, in the long run,resources will be efficiently used without government intervention and Australian dairy products will also bc competitivc on the domestic is scope for greater market opportunities in the emerging markets in Asia and other parts of the world for Australian dairy will also bcnefit from the agreement on international trade that directs exporting countries to reduce export subsidy and remove non-tariff trade barriers on exports of dairy products. Australia should implement appropriatc measures to increase the milk yield per ww, to improve the quality of dairy products and to identify the need for market promotion and rescarch in order to increase the volume of dairy product exports on world markets, especially in Asia and othcr potential markets such as Middle East,Africa, Europe and the Americas. 【Keywords】Australia, Dairy Milk（本页为英文文献摘要，关键词两项一路单唯一页，字体为：Times New Roman，小四号，倍行距）I. DAIRY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY IN AUSTRALIADairy manufacturing is one of Australia's leading dairy terms of foreign exchange earnings, the industry ranks fourth (after meat, wheat and sugar) compared to all Australia's food exports(ADIC, 1996). The real gross value of production was estimated atA$billion in 1997, accounting for about 66 per cent of the combined value of market and manufacturing milk at the farm gate. The total real value of Australian exports of dairy products was about $ billion in 1996, and represented about 8 per cent of total farm exports. Likewise, Australia's dairy exports contributed about 2 per cent to total Australian exports in 1995-96 (Doucouliagos,1997). However, Australia has little influence on world price as its share accounted for about 13 per cent of world trade in 1996.Manufacturing milk is produced in all states in Australia, and there are significant regional differences in the production of dairying due to climatic and natural resources that are favorable to dairying to be produced based on year round pasture grazing (NSWA, 1996-97). In 1997, national milk production was estimated at 9 billion litres, and New South Wales is second behind Victoria, accounting for 13 per cent and 62 per cent, respectively of the nation's annual milk production(ABARE, 1997). Total milk production increased at an average of about per cent between 1988 and 1997. About billion litres of milk were used for manufacturing purposes, accounting for about 79 per cent of the total milk production. Victoria accounts for 79 per cent,Tasmania 6 per cent, and NSW 5 per cent of the total dairy products produced in the country (ADC,1997).The production of dairy products recorded an average increase of per cent between 1988 and 1997. However, Australian exports of dairy products as a proportion of total production increased on average by per cent over the same period. This was due to world surplus production of dairy products as a result of domestic industry support by some of the world's largest producers (EU and USA). Subsidised exports of dairy products account for about 50 per cent of globally traded dairy products, and this lowers international market prices of dairy products (ADIC, 1997). Australian production of dairy products accounted for about 4 per cent of total world production, and about 13 per cent of total world export sales . Thus, price taker countries such as Australia are adversely affected by the exportable surpluses of dairy products directed to world markets by major exporting countries.The expansion of milk production in Australia has come from an increase in the number of dairy cows. The number of daq cows increased from 1,714,000 head in 1988 to 2,046,000 head in 1997, an average increase of about per cent. The milk yield per cow also recorded an average increase of about 2 per cent over the same , the milk yield per cow declined by about 5 per cent in 1997 compared to 1996. This is attributed to drought and other adverse weather conditions experienced by many dairy-producing regions.Australia's dairy products industry has the potential to increase the volume of its production and exports since the country is well endowed with natural resources necessary to increase dairy also has suitable climate that is favourable to dairy production based on year round pasture production. In addition, Australia's dairy farms are family owned and operated, and hired labour does not contribute a higher percentage to the cost of production. Thus, Australia is considered as one of the efficient, low cost milk producing countries (ADC,1997). The country has also locational advantage to have access to the Asian markets, which are the major importers of Australian dairy domestic production capacity and the exports of dairy products are positively related. Accordingly,the volume of exports could be increased through the expansion of manufacturing milk production by increasing the number of dairy herds and milk yield per cow, provided Australia makes an effort to undertake marketing promotion and research to capture sizeable market shares in the potential and emerging study carried out by ABARE has projected that milk production in Australia will increase by about 3 per cent a year to the 1999-2000 fiscal has been attributed mainly to the estimated increase in the number of dairy herds, milk yield per cow, improved pasture, livestock management techniques and increased capital investment (ADIC, 1996).ARRANGEMENTS FOR MANUFACTURING MILK IN AUSTRALIA To facilitate the proper functioning of a free market system, market information must be available so that buyers and sellers are aware of the production and pricing arrangements (Kidane and Gunawardana,Downloaded by [The University of British Columbia] at 00:35 10 June 2021 1997, p. 37). Thus, producers and consumers would perform their functions efficiently, and prices and quality of dairy products will be competitive. To assist in meeting these market criteria, the government has established the Australian Dairy Industry Council (ADIC), Products Federation Inc. (ADPF), Australia Dairy Farmers' Federation Ltd. (ADFF), Market MilkFederation of Australia Inc. (MMFA),Australian Dairy Corporation (ADC) and Dairy Research Development Corporation (DRDC). These organisations are expected among other things to disseminate market information and coordinate production and market activities. For example, some of the major objectives of the ADC are to improve the domestic market for dairy pioducts; to provide technical and product advice to emerging markets; to undertake a range of export promotion activities in overseas markets;and international promotion focused on growing Asian markets such as Japan, Hong Kong, China, Vietnam, Singapore, etc. (ADIC,1996). The farm gate pricing and domestic milk support schemes are discussed below.(i)Farm Gate PricingThe government does not have formal control over the prices processors pay to farmers Producing milk used in manufacturing products. The manufacturing milk prices are based on both milk fat and protein, and payment to farmers by processors also depends on the quality, volumes and seasonal incentives. High prices are offered to farmers by factories to encourage them to maintain production during the dry period.Most manufacturers offer different prices as their profits are affected by factors such as product mix, marketing strategies and processing efficiencies (NSWA, 1996-97). Consequently, farm gate prices paid for manufacturing milk are lower than the prices paid for market milk . (ii)Domestic Milk Support SchemePrior to July 1, 1995, the marketing of manufactured dairy products were funded by a levy on all Australian milk production under the Market Support Scheme (Crean Plan). The scheme raised domestic farm gate prices for manufacturing milk above international prices by about 2 cents a litre. However, following the Uruguay Round agreement on manufactured dairy products, Australia introduced a scheme known as 'Domestic Market Support Scheme (DMS)' on July 1, 1995. The new scheme that is administered by the Australian Dairy Corporation imposes compulsory levies both on market milk and manufacturing milk for sales on the domestic market. In 1997-98, the rates of these levies were about and cents per litre,respectively (ADC, 1997). The funds raised by these levies are targeted to make domestic support payment to farmers who produce manufacturing milk. This scheme provides incentives to farmers to increase production of milk used in dairy products for export markets. However,this extended market arrangement will cease at the end of June 2000,and like many other industries,the dairy industry will receive Commonwealth assistance estimated at 5 per cent in tariff terms after June 2000. In 1995/96, this implicit export subsidy increased gross returns on manufacturing milk by about 7 per cent (Industry Commission, 1997). This has made exporting dairy products more attractive and has encouraged milk producers to use most of the resources in the production of dairying.However, it is predicted that the removal of this export support will reduce milk production by 6 per cent and the volume of exports by 20 per cent as producers will concentrate on the domestic markets. This will have a short term effect of reducing manufacturing milk producers' incomes, and may also encourage producers to move some resources into alternative enterprises in the long run. Consequently, this is likely to reduce production of manufactured dairy products for export markets with effect from the end of June 2000. However, given the available resources necessary to increase the volume of production, with efficient use of resources without government intervention and export promotion undertaken by ADC and DRDC, Australian dairy producers will still have the incentives to focus on both export and domestic markets. Optimal allocation of resources is also likely to increase dairy production, while domestic prices will decline, as the exportable surplus will be directed to domestic markets (ABARE, 1991a). DAIRY PRODUCTS EXPORTS AND CHALLENGING ISSUESIn Australia, milk production is subject to seasonal influences, but production and exports of dairy products have recorded an average increase of about per cent and per cent between 1988 and 1997. The export price, which includes export freight,insurance, export commission and handling charges, is very attractive compared to the domestic wholesale prices. This partly acts as an incentive for producers to direct a large percentage of their dairy products to export markets and Australian dairy products to be less competitive on domestic markets.Australia is considered as a relatively non-subsidized exporter compared to EU and the USA, and Australia has to compete with countries, which have considerable domestic dairy industry support and guaranteed price for manufactured products. Australia is being excluded by the impact of these export subsidy programs of the major competitors to have access to world markets. As specified in the Uruguay Round Outcome (GAW, the agreement (reduction in export subsidies and use of tariffs as trade barriers)is being implemented over a five year period with effect from , the short run effect from the termination of the domestic support scheme and thelimited access that Australia will have to overseas markets until the Uruguay agreement is fully implemented, will have negative impacts on the exports of Australian dairy products.Cheese, skim milk powder and whole milk powder are the major components of exports of Australian dairy products and account for 22, 33 and 17 per cent of the total exports. Australian exports have continued to grow and accounted for about 67 per cent of total production of dairy products in 1997. However, Australia still has the potential to increase the volume of dairy production,which can be achieved by improved feed, breeding and farm management practices. But Australia will have to give priority to export development to sell the additional supply of dairy products to emerging markets in Asia, Middle East, Africa and the Americas.In 1997, major importers of Australian dairy products (mainly skim milk powder, cheese and whole milk powder) were Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore, and their market shares accounted for about 41 per cent of Australia's total exports of dairy products. Japan and the Philippines are the major importers of Australian cheese and skim milk powder, respectively. In 1997, Japan's imports of cheese accounted for about 47 per cent of Australia's total exports of cheese, and the Philippines's imports of skim milk powder accounted for about per cent of ~ustralia's total exports of skim milk powder (ABARE, 1997). The total volume of exports and total real value of dairy products have increased by 21 per cent and per cent, respectively in 1997 compared to 1996. The world dairy production also increased by about 2 per cent over the same period. This partly affected the Australian export prices and the increase in the value of exports is substantially lower compared to the volume of exports .Asia is the leading export market for Australian dairy , it is anticipated that there are considerable hurdles-to maintain sales on export markets in the region. Most of the Asian nations are experiencing slow economic growth due to the recent financial crisis and political instability in some parts of the region.Australia imports dairy products (mainly cheese) to meet the increasing domestic consumption as most of the country's dairy products are exported due to the relative attractiveness of exporting to domestic total domestic consumption of dairy products fluctuated throughout the 1990s but has shown an upward trend in recent years. Thus, the volume of dairy products sales on the domestic market had also fluctuated during the same period but increased on average by about 2 per cent between 1988 and 1997. Similarly, the consumption per person ofdairy products has been fluctuating since 1989 but has increased on average by per cent over the same period.Imports of dairy products increased on average by about per cent, and exports of the same product recorded an average increase of about per cent, between 1988 and of imported dairy products are relatively lower compared with the prices of domestically processed dairy products. Imports of dairy products at lower prices have made the Australian processed dairy products less competitive on domestic markets. New Zealand is the major supplier of cheese to Australia. The closer Economic Relations agreement between New Zealand and Australia has made Australia's domestic markets more accessible to New Zealand's exportable surplus production of dairy products (ABARE, 1991b). Australia's production costs are similar to those in NZ, but dairy products imported from NZ are relatively cheaper compared to Australia's dairy products sold on domestic markets. Limited domestic market capacity and the inaccessibility of other overseas markets for NZ's exportable excess production, are some of the factors that made NZ's dairy products relatively cheaper on the Australian domestic market.Ⅳ.EXPORT MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR AUSTXALIAN DAIRY PRODUCTS In 1997, Australian total real export value of dairy products was estimated at $ billion and recorded an increase of about per cent compared with 1996 . Australian exports of dairy products to . Asia and other Asian countries accounted for about 44 and 25 per cent of their total imports of dairy products, respectively and about 69 per cent of Australia's total exports of dairy products in 1996. Japan, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore,Thailand and Taiwan are the major importers of Australia's dairy products, and their imports account for about 55 per cent of Australia's total exports (ABARE, 1997).Japan, which is considered the number one Asian per capita consumer of dairy products, is the largest importer of dairy products in the Asian region. It is also the largest market for Australian dairy products and the major export market especially for Australian cheese. In 1996, its total imports of dairy products were estimated at thousands tonnes, and about 48 per cent of its total imports was purchased from Australia .Cheese accounted for about 22 per cent of Australia's total exports of dairy products in 1997, and exports to Japan accounted for about 48 per cent of Australia's total exports of cheese (ABARE, 1997). Under the Uruguay Round agreement on dairy products trade, Japan iscommitted to purchase a minimum of about 137,202 tonnes of dairy provides greater export market opportunities for Australian dairy products in the Japanese market. This is based on the assumption that Japan would take action to reduce any existing trade barriers under the proposed Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) free trade agreement and the Uruguay (GATT) commitment.The bulk of Australia's dairy products are exported to the Asian countries, mainly due to Australia's geographical proximity to the region. The lower transportation costs have given Australia competitive advantage over other exporting countries. However, as a result of the recent financial crisis and political instability in some of the Asian countries, their economic growth is slowing down. Australia will need to give priority to export development to emerging markets in which it has competitive advantage. Australia has to diversify its export market base and focus on the markets in Africa, the Americas, Middle East, Europe, Russia, and the Pacific. The imports of dairy products of these countries accounted for about 12, 24, 11, 8 and 3 per cent of total world exports, respectively in 1996. Australia's exports of dairy products to these countries account for about , , , , and per cent of total world exp&, respectively during the same are also estimated at 20 per cent of the total consumption requirements. The preferential tariff agreement between China and Australia will remove the trade barriers for Australian dairy products exports to China (ADIC, 1996).Australia's exports to China accounted for about 5 per cent of China's total dairy products imports in 1996. There is also a scope for greater export market opportunities for Australian dairy products in S. Korea. It is estimated that per capita consumption of dairy products will rise from 45 kg in 1991-92 to more than 63 kg in 2000 (ADIC, 1996). The country is expected to liberalise its trade barriers under the Uruguay Round arrangement. Australia's exports of dairy products to S. Korea account for about per cent of Australia's total exports and per cent of S. Korea's total imports . The geographical proximity and quality of Australian dairy products will provide better opportunities for Australian exporters to have large market shares in the Chinese and S. Korean markets.Australian exports of dairy products to Europe mainly consist of cheese, and the Australian exports account for 5 per cent of Europe'stotal imports of cheese. However, after the implementation of the Uruguay Round agreement, Australia's exports to Europe increased at anaverage of over 30 per cent between 1995 and 1997 (ABARE,1997). Australia has to make efforts to establish markets in the EU member countries as the annual global EU quotas are increasing by 83,175 tonnes for cheese and curd, 67,933 for SMP and 10,000 tonnes for butter (ADC, 1997). Likewise, the USA has agreed to increase import levels for all major dairy products, and Australia has to compete in terms of quality and volume to increase its market share in the USA market.【摘要】关于澳大利亚的出口收入，奶制品出口变得愈来愈重要。
译文模板及格式说明(2014.3)
关于译文的格式说明1．译文封面：要同时写外文题目及中文题目，英文题目在上、中文题目在下。
其中英文单词首个字母大写，连接词必须小写。
2．标题：小三号宋体。
3．译文：小四号宋体。
4．译文装订顺序：（1）封面（2）英文原文（3）中文。
5．译文正文：章标题（一级标题），小三号宋体居中，以下空两行。
节标题（二级标题），顶格写，四号宋体，上下空一行。
节标题（三级标题），顶格写，小四宋体，上下内容不空行。
6.译文对应的中文不少于3000汉字。
7.译文部分的页码单独编排。
8.译文的样式如下：序号（学号）：041140601长春光华学院毕业设计（论文）译文Integration of shortwave narrowband FMreceiver design集成短波窄带调频接收机设计姓名李伟业教学院电气信息学院专业通信工程系班级通信 10402指导教师李广军教授2014 年 5 月26 日┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊Integration of shortwave narrowband FM receiver designIn this desing of a SW-FM receiver,a single chip FM receiver IC MC3362 servers as the core,a frequency syn- thesizer is employed to impleoyed local oscillator with high stability and a single chip processor actsas the main controller to perform in collaboration with the fr- equency synthesizer,multiple functions,such as manu-al,automatic radio station searching and the carrier fr- equency displaying.Aserial E2PROM is used to storethe data of radio stations permanently.With a digital adju- stable resistance,the digital volume adjustment is acc- omplished.Owing to a capacitor distributing filter at the input of the antenna,the improvement of mirror res- training rato and the optimal match between the antenna and receiver are achieved.MC3362 is the MOTOROLA company produces the monolithic NFM receiving circuit, mainly used in voice communication and data transmission of wireless receiver. On chip contains oscillation circuit, mixing circuit, limiting amplifier, integral frequency discriminator, field strength indicator drive and carrier frequency detection circuit from the antenna input to the audio output of all the secondary inverter circuit, also includes the mixing with an output buffer, FSK detection data limit comparator. With low voltage, low power consumption, high sensitivity and SNR, widely used in the voice and digital communications receiving equipment. Its main features are as follows:Secondary all inverter circuit·Low operating voltage: 2.0-6.0 V·low power consumption (Vcc = 3.0 V, power typical values only 3.6 mA, except for high power pipes)·Extreme sensitivity: 0.6 uV (typical values, 12 db SINAD) ·Adjustable, carrier frequency detection• data plastic comparator• receiving field strength indicator• a small number of ext ernal components• manufactured MOTOROLA "MOSAIC" technology┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊• DIP24 and SO - 24 two packaging forms• MC13135 to new models of choiceCarrier frequency signal from MC3363 Pin2 input, high by the internalpipes by Pin4 after high frequency amplifier output, connected to thePin4 is a LC resonance high-frequency transformer, center frequency forRF carrier frequency, the T1 is coupled to the Pin1 and Pin2 to enterthe first level mixing. Internal oscillation circuit and the Pin25 andPin26 LC components of the first magnitude of vibration, and the carrierfrequency RF input signal in internal mixer, the difference frequency10.7 MHz first intermediate frequency signal after amplification by Pin23output, after 10.7 ceramic filter frequency selective level by the secondpin21 to internal mixing. Internal oscillation circuit and Pin5 and Pin6external crystal and capacitance constitutes the second vibration level,frequency selection is lower than the first intermediate frequency anintermediate frequency (i.e. frequency of 455 KHZ) of 10.245 MHz. 10.7MHz first intermediate frequency signal and the second vibrationfrequency mixing, the difference frequency is: 10.700-10.245 = 10.700MHz, namely 455 KHZ second intermediate frequency signal.The second intermediate frequency signal output by the Pin7 by 455 KHZ frequency selective ceramic filter, then through Pin9 into MC3363 limiting amplifier with high gain amplifier, limiting amplifier stage is the main gain of the circuit. Pin13 external LC components of 455 KHZ frequency resonant circuit, after amplification of the intermediate frequency signal in internal frequency demodulation, and after the audio level voltage amplification by Pin19 output audio signal.Pin12 and Pin13 field indicates the external drive circuit element, adjust the Pin12 200 k resistor can change the field indicates the gain drive circuit. MC3363 internal also have primary data signal amplifier stage, Pin17 for input, Pin18 for output. Can undertake plastic and magnified the data waveform. Pin10 and Pin11 as the second level into the decoupling capacitor. To guarantee the stability of circuit to work.System introductionThe system consists of a receiver, frequency synthesizer, single-chip microcomputer system of three parts. The system block diagram as shown in figure 3-1. From the antenna input signals through 8 to 10┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊MHz bandpass filter filter, 10.7 MH. Trap trap (intermediate frequency interference suppression), after into MC3362 secondary mixing, frequency processing, reduction of the audio signal. MC3362 this vibration frequency generated by the frequency synthesizer, and provide single chip lock level, and single chip microcomputer system according to the different search patterns to produce the corresponding parallel code sent to the frequency synthesizer, produce different frequency of the vibration signals, and on the digital tube display the corresponding information.Phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit and analysisPhase-locked loop (PLL: Phase locked loops) is a kind of using Feedback (Feedback) control principle of frequency and Phase synch- ronization technology, its role is the output clock circuit and its external reference clock in sync. When the reference clock frequency or Phase change, the phase-locked loop will detect this change, and through its internal feedback system to adjust output frequency, until both to resynchronize, this synchronization is also known as the "lock" (Phase - locked).It is used in the receiver of communication, its role is the received signal processing, and extracted from the phase information of a clock. Or, for the received signal, the generic a clock signal, make the two signals from a certain perspective is synchronous (or, coherent). Because the lock case (i.e., after finishing the capture), the imitation of the clock signal relative to the clock signal in the received signal has a certain difference, so it is vividly called the phase locking device.Phase-locked loop consists of phase discriminator, loop filter and the voltage-controlled oscillator. Phase detector is used to identify the input signal of the phase difference between the Ui and the output signal Uo and output error voltage Ud. Ud the noise and interference elements are low connectivity loop filter filter, form a voltage-controlled os- cillator (VCO) the control voltage of Uc. Uc ACTS on thevoltage-controlled oscillator is the result of the pull it the output of the oscillation frequency fo to loop the input signal frequency fi, when two equal, the loop is locked, is called into the lock. Maintain lock control dc voltage is provided by phase discriminator and therefore phase discriminator retain certain phase difference between the two input signals.Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis (DDS - Digital Direct Frequency short) technology is a new method of Frequency Synthesis, Frequency Synthesis┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊technology is a revolution, JOSEPH TIERNEY and so on 3 people in 1971, puts forward the idea of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis, but due to the microelectronics technology and Digital signal processing technology, DDS technology can't be said often enough, with the actual needs in the field of electrical engineering and the development of Digital integrated circuit and microelectronic technology, DDS technology is increasingly showing its superiority.DDS is A kind of fully digital frequency synthesizer, the phase accumulator, waveform ROM, D/A converter and low pass filter. After A given clock frequency, the output signal frequency depends on the fre- quency of the controller, the frequency resolution depends on the acc- umulator digits, phase resolution depends on the ROM address line number, amplitude quantization noise depends on the ROM data word length and D/A converter digits.DDS has the following advantages:More than (1) high frequency resolution, output frequency points, can be up to N frequency phase accumulator (N digits);（2） frequency switching speed, can reach us mass;(3) frequency switch phase continuous;(4) can output broadband orthogonal signal;（5）output phase noise is low, could improve the phase noise of reference frequency source;（6）can generate arbitrary waveform;Once fully digital implementation, facilitate integration, small volume, light weight, so all countries since the eighty s in their respective DDS product research and development, such as the United States QUALCOMM Q2334, Q2220; STANFORD firm STEL - 1175, STEL - 1175. The AD company AD7008, AD9850, AD9854, etc. The DDS chip clock frequency range from A few MHZ to several hundred MHZ, from general function to the integrated chip have A D/A converter and quadrature modulator.PLL: Phase Locked Logic Phase synchronization LogicPhase-locked loop is the purpose of the establish carrier synchronization in charge, both communication and synchronization. Because it is the working process of an automatic frequency (phase) adjustment of the closed loop, so called ring. Phase-locked loop analog phase-locked loop and digital phase-locked loop.The basic principle of workVoltage-controlled oscillator is given a signal, one part as the output, the other part by frequency division and PLL IC this vibration signals generated by the phase comparison, in order to keep the same┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊frequency, requires phase difference do not change, if there is the change of the phase difference, the PLL IC voltage changes, the output voltage to control the VCO, until phase recovery! To achieve the purpose of locking frequency! Can make the controlled oscillator frequency and phase are to keep with the input signal to determine the relationship between closed-loop electronic circuit.1) to simulate the working principle of the phase-locked loopAnalog phase locked loop is mainly composed of phase reference extraction circuit, voltage controlled oscillator, phase comparator, control circuit, etc. Output of the voltage-controlled oscillator is and requires continuous signals frequency is very close, and by the phase reference extract extracted from signal circuit reference signal is sent to the phase comparator at the same time, with the comparative form of error by control circuit to reduce the frequency of the vco direction error of the absolute value of continuous change, achieve phase locked, so as to achieve synchronization.2) working principle of the digital phase-locked loopDigital phase-locked loop is mainly composed of reference phase ext- raction circuit, crystal oscillator, frequency divider, phase comparator, pulse wipe door, etc. Frequency divider output signal frequency and the frequency is very close to it and extracted from signal phase reference signal is sent to the phase comparator at the same time, the comparison results shows high frequency when the local by covering with door erase an input pulse frequency divider, equivalent to the local oscillation frequency; If, on the other hand, shows the local frequency low in fre- quency divider when inserted between two input pulses at the input a pulse, equivalent to the local oscillation frequency goes up, so as to achieve synchronization.Phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit phase-locked frequency syn- thesis unit is a key part of the machine work. System structure as shown in figure ⅣD-2-7, circuit as shown in figure lVD- 2-8. Acc- ording to the topic request and design, the reference frequency fr set to 5 kHz output frequency fo 18.7-20.7 MHz, can use direct frequency division, loop programmable divider frequency division than Ⅳ cal- culated by type:rffN/=Calculate the minimum points frequency ratio3740min=N, maximumfrequency division ratio4140max=N.Currently on the market of the frequency synthesizer integrated circuit a lot, we choose MC145151 of MOTOROLA. The chip is a piece of l4 the single mode of parallel code input, monolithic PLL frequency┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊集成短波窄带调频接收机设计本短波调频接收机的设计是以单片机 FM 接收芯片MC3362 为核心，采用频率合成器实现高稳定度的本振；利用单片机作为主控器与频率合成器配合完成手动、自动搜台、载频显示等功能；采用串行 E2PROM 实现电台数据存储并永久保存；数字电位器的引入实现了数字音量调节；天线输入端采用电容分压式滤波器，即可提高镜像抑制比，又可使天线与接收机达到最佳匹配。
译文标准格式模板
切记：1、原文在前、译文在后合订后放入资料袋。
2、译文的排版规范同毕业论文一致译文要求：1、不少于3000汉字的译文；2、选取的外文文献内容必须与课题内容相关，原则上应来源于最新专业期刊，并说明出处（参照”参考文献的著录”要求）；3、译文应于毕业设计中期完成，交指导教师（或评阅人）批阅、签字。
最后存档译文不应有老师批改的痕迹。
4、译文要求文字通顺，语言流畅，无错别字，统一用A4纸打印，且按教务处印制的统一格式封皮左侧装订。
同时上交电子文档（word）由各学院存档。
版面要求：页码：居中、底部；行距：固定值20；页边距：上2.5cm，下2.5cm，左3cm、右2.5cm；在LSGM体系中掺杂SiO2对其晶界电导率的影响(译文题目，小三黑体，段前段后各空一行)（全文字体要求：中文选择宋体，西文选择Times New Roman)SiO2-Tolerant Grain-Boundary Conduction (原文题目，五号，Times New Roman)Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 2014，13 (3)：B28-B31(原文出处，五号斜体，Times New Roman)王娜译长春工业大学化学与生命科学学院(译者信息，五号，宋体)摘要：研究了在La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ体系中掺杂SiO2杂质对其晶界电导率的影响。
结果表明：即使增加了500-2000 ppm SiO2，LSGM的晶界传导率仅受到轻微的影响。
然而在氧化铈基体中掺杂500-2000 ppm SiO2其晶界电阻率明显的增加至大约780倍，通过SrO基质附近聚集的酸性硅质相来解释在LSGM样品中晶界传导对硅质杂质具有较高容忍性。
(小四；“摘要：”加粗；段前段后各空一行,行距：固定值20；)关键词：氧化铈晶界电阻率(小四；关键词之间空2格；“关键词：”加粗；段前段后各空一行)1. 简介/前言(小四；加粗；段前段后各空一行)稳定氧化锆的晶界电阻通常是晶粒电阻的102–104倍[1,2]，在高纯度样品中，在晶界附近氧空位的消耗是主要的[1,3]，在某种程度上SiO2 杂质甚至在几百ppm较低的浓度下对晶界传导有非常不利的作用[4-6]，SiO2杂质是普遍存在的，在陶瓷的加工、烧结和燃料电池操作方面很容易将其引入[7]。
外文文献翻译封面格式及要求(模版)
毕业论文外文文献翻译院年级专业：2009级XXXXXXXXXXX 姓 名：学 号：附 件：备注：（注意：备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印，看懂了即可）1.从所引用的与毕业设计（论文）内容相近的外文文献中选择一篇或一部分进行翻译（不少于3000实词）；2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部分，第一部分为外文文献；第二部分为该外文文献的中文翻译，两部分之间用分页符隔开。
也就是说，第一外文文献部分结束后，使用分页符，另起一页开始翻译。
3.格式方面，外文文献的格式，除了字体统一使用Times new roman 之外，其他所有都跟中文论文的格式一样。
中文翻译的格式，跟中文论文的格式一样。
（注意：备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印，看懂了即可,定稿后,请删除本页.）范文如下：注意,下面内容每一部份均已用分页符分开了,如果用本模板,请将每一模块单独删除,直接套用到每一模板里面,不要将全部内容一次性删除.【Abstract】This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based onthe theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.，Times New Roman.【Key Words】Brand positioning; Marketing mix; Positioning Strategy; enlightenment, lessons；ABC（本页为英文文献摘要，关键词两项一起单独一页，字体为：Times New Roman，小四号，1.5倍行距）(注:以下为英文文献正文内容,英文全文3000字.具体标题以原文为准.全文字体为Times New Roman.行间距为1.5倍.字号大小与论文正文的各级标题一致.如下:)I.Times New Roman ，Times New Roman，Times New RomanTimes New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman,This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons fromthe failure of the WONG LO KAT.II.Times New Roman ，Times New Roman，Times New RomanTimes New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman,This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.III.Times New Roman ，Times New Roman，Times New RomanTimes New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman,This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal teabeverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.【摘要】本文是对凉茶饮料的宏观环境以及凉茶市场内部主要品牌的竞争对手进行了系统分析。
翻译合同封面模板
翻译合同封面模板Contract Cover合同编号 Contract Number: ____________________________合同标题 Contract Title: ____________________________签订日期 Date of Signing: ____________________________甲方 Party A: ____________________________地址 Address: ____________________________电话 Tel: ____________________________传真 Fax: ____________________________邮编 Zip Code: ____________________________乙方 Party B: ____________________________地址 Address: ____________________________电话 Tel: ____________________________传真 Fax: ____________________________邮编 Zip Code: ____________________________鉴于双方为就_________________事项而进行协商，经友好协商确定，本着平等互利、诚实信守的原则，达成如下协议：Whereas, the Parties have conducted negotiations for ___________________ and have reached a mutual understanding through friendly consultation, based on the principles of equality, mutual benefit, and good faith, it is hereby agreed as follows:第一章合同背景Chapter One Contract Background甲方与乙方因________________（下称“本合同项目”）事宜，就下文约定的条款和条件达成一致意见，特此签订本合同。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译
学院：计算机科学与工程
专业班级：计算机科学与技术120401
指导教师：李四
姓名学号：张三20124100
外文出处：
2016年6月
此处放英文原文或PDF文档，PDF直接打印，无需插入到WORD里
利用分层排队网络的JavaEE组件的性能建模:
修订方法及案例分析
亚历山大Ufimtsev
性能工程实验室
计算机科学和信息学院，
都柏林大学，贝尔菲尔德，D4类，爱尔兰
alexu@ucd.ie
利亚姆墨菲
性能工程实验室
计算机科学和信息学院，
都柏林大学，贝尔菲尔德，D4类，爱尔兰
Liam.Murphy@ ucd.ie
摘要
目前组件技术是任何企业的生产环境不可缺少的一部分。
性能和可扩展性是这些系统的关键特性。
使用分层排队网络（LQN）技术，可以从它的设计中预测到一个基于系统的组件的性能。
这项技术不仅修正了使用LQN模板的方法，并且通过使用修订的方法可以提供一项用来模拟现实组件应用程序的案例研究。
关键词:性能建模、JavaEE、组件系统、ECPerf、分层排队网络
1
引言和写作动机
许多大型软件开发项目不能做到准时地、在预算内发布一个服务质量令人满意的
产品。
有用的软件工程实践，例如模型检查，验证和不断的测试有助于满足这些项目的功能要求。
然而，对于一些非功能性的需求，只能在整合其他元件时或者在系统测试过程中进行检查，其中典型的做法是在项目开发的最后阶段。
性能作为非功能性需求之一通常很难在测试环境之外进行对其检查。
如今，软件产品包括了各种第三方提供的并且可以运行在多个软件层面上的组件。
这种复杂性使得它很难提供软件性能的保证——移动功能中间件和第三方组件将会降低系统的整体认识。
对于目前的软件企业来说，程序…bug‟和不良实现的代码要比有问题的架构和目光短浅的设计以及不足的容量规划所引起的问题小的多。
不幸的是，架构的设计问题在最后的开发阶段是不容易解决的。
因此，系统设计师应该能够尽早地评估系统的性能（包括软件和硬件）。
他需要“未雨绸缪”，给未来留有一些可能的发展空间和适应需求变化的空间。
使用基于组件的分层排队网络模型软件可以在开发阶段的初期帮助系统设计人员评估出性能决策的结果。
通过分析该方法的关键优势和弱点以及对现实中的应用开展案例研究可知，这项工作是建立在…分层排队网络模板‟之上的。
2 LQN概述
分层排队网络（LQN）是一个允许软件描述为几个层，从而从模型中分离出资源把一个模型成多个子模型的队列扩展网络。
LQN是足够抽象不会承受其他流行的形式主义弊端之苦，尤其是随机佩特里网（SPN）。
基本LQN符号包括三个基本要素：圆圈指资源类型（CPU，磁盘，网络），长方形指软件模块。
右矩形通常是指对象或者bean，而它左边的矩形表示一个与该对象的产生行为，如方法或函数调用。
此外，控制矩形通常表明它利用的资源类型。
箭头描绘网络的控制流。
3问题描述与解决办法
这项工作的目的是为了了解LQN模板是多么适合于JavaEE应用程序以及什么样的改进的方法是必要的。
Java企业版（JavaEE）是Java标准版（JavaSE）的超集，完全出于多层次的解决方案而设计。
这提供给开发者企业系统所需的基础设施。
J2EE 的核心是一个组件模型的集合：在客户端有JavaBeans和小应用程序（applets）;在Web服务器层，有J2servlets和Java Server Pages (JSPs);在应用服务器层有Enterprise JavaBeans（EJB）。
Java EE的ECperf应用被选定为蓝本有许多原因。
首先，ECperf是一种用来进行JEE服务器和容器可扩展性和性能测试的JavaEE标准。
这一标准强调了EJB容器处理内存管理，连接池，钝化/激活和缓存能力的复杂性。
ECperf是高度可移植的并且可在大多数应用服务器上运行，这使得它在评价未来不同的软件和硬件配置的方法上趋近于完美。
第二，ECPerf创作者强调它能够代表现实生活中的商业应用。
ECPerf 被设计成一个典型的网络业务应用，它允许客户指导产品配置的规范，订购，状态检查。
它也可以使生产，库存，供应链管理，客户结算等过程实现自动化。
第三，作为一个基准测试应用程序它用一种有效并且专业的方式提供工作负载驱动和性能数据整合器。
4．应用程序设计
ECPerf最初由Sun Microsystems开发，现在由SPEC集团开发和维护。
它是目前由SPEC以SPEC—jAppServer2004的名义提供的产品。
Ecperf被设计成为一种典型的企业应用程序。
在它代码里有四个实现的领域：生产商、服务提供商、客户、法人。
每一个领域都有独立的数据库和应用程序。
他们为Ecperf的工作提供基础。
客户通过各种方法联系业务，包括直接使用网络。
世界各地的办事处和生产厂家经常访问其他的办事处和生产厂家的数据信息，而且必须要实时地、比较、整理、校验来自世界
各地的数据。
企业还可以与完全独立的供应商公司进行交互。
每个供应商都有自己一套独立的计算硬件资源。
总体格局如图一所示：
图1、测试系统的高层概况
指导教师签字：
年月日评阅人签字：
年月日。