美国大学物理试题
大学物理试题-国外英文
大学物理试题(国外英文资料)College physics examination questionsFirst, the multiple-choice questions: (39 points)1. (3 points)The acceleration of a particle moving at a radius of R is the magnitude of the acceleration (V means the velocity of a particle at any time)(A) (B)(C) (D) [[]]2. (3 points)An object of mass m falls from the air and is affected by gravity as well as a resistance proportional to the square of velocity. The coefficient of proportionality is k, and K is the normal number. The closing velocity of the falling object (i.e., the speed at which the final object moves at uniform speed) will be(A) (B)(C) GK (D) [[]]3. (3 points)A spring oscillator of M quality is placed horizontally at rest in equilibrium. As shown, a bullet with a mass of M is injected into the oscillator at a horizontal velocity and then moved along with it. If the level is smooth, then the maximum potential energy of the spring is(A) (B)(C) (D) [[]]4. (3 points)A child of the quality of M stands on the edge of a horizontal platform with a radius of R. The platform can rotate freely through a vertical, smooth, fixed axis through its center. The moment of inertia is J. Both the platform and the child are stationary at the start. When the child suddenly moves counter clockwise toward the edge of the platform at a rate of V relative to the ground, the angular velocity and the rotation direction of the platform relative to the ground are(A) clockwise.(B) counter clockwise.(C) clockwise.(D) counter clockwise. [...]5. (3 points)Two different ideal gases, if their most probable rates are equal, their(A) equal to the average rate, root mean square speed equal.(B) equal to the average rate, root mean square speed is not equal.(C) the average rate is not equal, the root mean square speed equal.(D) the average rate is not equal, not equal to the root mean square speed. [...]6. (3 points)According to the second law of thermodynamics:(A) work can be converted to heat, but heat can not be converted to power.(B) heat can be transferred from a hot object to a cryogenic substance, but not from a cryogenic object to a high temperature object.(C) irreversible processes are processes that cannot proceed in the opposite direction.(D) all spontaneous processes are irreversible. [...]7. (3 points)There are several explanations for the interpretation of Gauss's theorem:(A) if the Gauss surface is zero everywhere, there is no charge in the plane.(B) if the Gauss surface has no charge, then the Gauss surface is zero everywhere.(C) if there is no zero on the Gauss surface, there must be charges in the Gauss plane.(D) if there is a net charge in the Gauss plane, the electric flux through the Gauss surface must not be zero.(E) Gauss's theorem applies only to electric fields with high symmetry. [...]8. (3 points)The radius of the cross section of a long straight wire is a, and a thin cylinder with a radius of B is coaxially arranged outside the conductor, and the two of them are insulated from each other. And the outer cylinder is grounded as shown. The electric charge per unit length of the wire is +, and the potential of the earth is zero. Then the field strength and the electric potential of the P point (Op=r) between the twoconductors are respectively:(A)(B)(C)(D) [[]]9. (3 points)The square coils with side lengths are respectively represented by two modes of current I (wherein the AB and CD are coplanar with the square), and in these two cases, the magnetic induction intensity of the coil at the center of the coil is respectively(A)(B)(C)(D) [[]]10. (3 points)The picture shows four charged particles in the same direction perpendicular to the magnetic field line, and the deflection trajectory of the magnetic field is injected into the uniformmagnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the O,The trajectory of the four particles is equal in mass and the magnitude of the electric energy is equal. In that case, the trajectory of the negatively charged particles with the largest kinetic energy is(A) Oa (B) Ob(C) Oc (D) Od [...]11. (3 points)A mass of simple harmonic vibration on the X axis, the amplitude of A = 4cm, T = 2S cycle, its equilibrium position is taken as the origin of coordinates, if t=0 the first moment of the particle by x= 2cm, and to the negative direction of X axis motion is second 2cm particle by x= at the moment(A) 1s (B) (2/3) s(C) (4/3) s (D) 2S [[]]12. (3 points)Using wedge interference method can detect surface defects, when the wavelength of monochromatic parallel light vertical incident, if the interference fringes observed as shown in the figure, each part of the fringe vertex exactly with left fringeof the straight part of the tangent line, then the surface of the workpiece and bending at the corresponding part of the fringe(A) raised, and the height is (B) raised, and the height is...(C) depressions, and the depth is (D) depressions, and the depth is []13. (3 points)A beam of light is a mixture of natural light and polarized light, let it through a vertical polarizer, if this incident beam axis rotating polarizer, the measured transmission light intensity maximum is 5 times the minimum value, then the incident beam in natural light and polarized light intensity ratio is(A) 1 / 2 (B) 1 / 5(C) 1 / 3 (D) 2 / 3Two, fill in the blanks: (46 points)1. (3 points)Let the particles move along the X axis. When the initial condition is t=0, the initial velocity is v0=0, and the coordinate x0=10 is a=4t. Then the equation of motion is.2. (3 points)Under the action of constant force F, an object moves in a straight line. The equation of motion is x=A-Bt+ct2 (A, B, C is constant), and the mass of the object should be m=.3. (3 points)At a constant speed, the quality of M ship, respectively, forward and backward at the same time the level of two throws of equal mass (m) objects thrown two objects relative to the ship the same rate (U) expression of the ship and try to write in the process of the system of the law of conservation of momentum (don't have Jane, for reference).4. (5 points)As shown in the figure, a homogeneous consolidation in a thin rod end ball, and can rotate around a horizontal smooth fixed shaft O to rotate, there is a bullet along with the horizontal angle direction and embedded in the ball hit, then hit in the process of conservation, cricket, bullets, rod system, the reason is. The process of cricket bat and ball increased after being hit in the conservation on cricket, bullets, rod, earth system.5. (3 points)At room temperature, the pressure of the ideal gas of 1 moldiatomic molecules is P, and the volume is V, and the average kinetic energy of the gas molecule is.6. (3 points)If the pressure and volume of an ideal gas remain constant, but the mass and temperature change, then can the internal energy change?.7. (3 points)The thermodynamic temperature of a high temperature heat source is n times of the thermodynamic temperature of a low temperature heat source. In a Kano cycle, the heat delivered by a gas to a cryogenic heat source is twice as much as that obtained from a high temperature heat source.8. (3 points)A simple harmonic wave propagates along the positive direction of the X axis. The relation curves between the vibration velocity and time at two points of X1 and X2 are shown as follows (a) and (b), and the distance between X1 and X2 is known as (lambda lambda).9. (3 points)White light (4000-7000) vertical incidence of 4000 slits per centimeter of grating, can produce the level of the complete visible spectrum.10. (3 points)A charged metal ball, when it is surrounded by a vacuum, stores the electrostatic energy of Wo and keeps its energy constant,It is immersed in an infinite isotropic homogeneous dielectric with relative dielectric constant, when its electrostatic energy is We =.11. (6 points)The three basic assumptions of Bohr's theory of hydrogen atoms are:(1),(2),(3).12. (5 points)An electron at a rate of motion of 0.99c (electron rest mass of 9.11 * 1031kg), then the total electron energy is J, the kinetic energy of classical mechanics and relativistic electron kinetic energy ratio.13. (3 points)Static mass is me the potential for electronic, electrostaticfield accelerated U12, without considering the effect of relativity, the De Broglie wavelength lambda = E.Three. Calculation questions: (65 points)1. (10 points)The equation of motion of a known particle is (as a constant),Find (1) the trajectory equation and velocity of the particle(2) the velocity of a particle and the rotation direction ofa particle(3) the relation between the acceleration of a particle and the vector?2. (10 points)M was a short tube, with a length of hard straight rod suspension as shown in figure L, quality can be ignored, with ether droplets Sheng tube, pipe with mass m cork closed, when the heating tube cork in the ether vapor pressure to fly out, hanging around the tube O in the vertical plane for a complete circular motion, then the minimum speed of the cork flew out for? If you change a hard straight pole into a string, what if?3. (10 points)Having two concentric spherical shells with a radius of insulation for each other, and when the + Q is given to the inner ball:(1) the charge distribution and electric potential of the outer sphere;(2) re insulating the ball after grounding, the charge distribution and the electric potential of the outer sphere(3) then, the inner sphere is grounded, the charge distribution of the inner sphere and the potential of the outer sphere4. (10 points)As shown in the figure, the plane charged ring two coplanar, the inner and outer radius are respectively R1, R2 and R2, R3, the outside of the ring to a second N2 RPM clockwise, inside the ring to a second N1 rpm counterclockwise. If the charge surface density is the ratio of the N1 to the N2, the magnetic induction intensity at the center of the circle is zero.5. (10 points)As shown in the figure, the current long straight conductor for I, a B C D rectangular frame with a long straight conductorcoplanar, and the a D A D C / B a B edge D side is fixed, a and C B to speed without friction uniform translational t=0, a, B and C D side edge coincidence, set line inductance negligible.(1) for example, i=I0, seek the electromotive force in a B, a, B, two points, which point has high potential?(2) the total induced electromotive force in the wire frame when the a b t is moved to the position shown by i=I0cos omega.6. (10 points)A plane harmonic wave propagates along the negative direction of the Ox axis, the wavelength is lambda, and the vibration law of the particle at P is shown in figure.(1) seeking the vibration equation of particle at P;(2) find the wave equation of this wave;(3) in the figure, the vibration equation of the particle at the coordinate origin O is calculated.7. (5 points)In the experiment of single slit Fraunhofer diffraction for white, second bright fringe center is measured at the wavelength of third level bright fringe center and thewavelength for the red wavelength for overlap.Second pageThree hundred and thirty-oneSouth China University of TechnologyIn 2004, I studied the master's degree entrance examination papers(the answer to the test paper is invalid. Please answer it on the answer sheet. After the test, this volume must be returned with the answer sheet.)Subject name: General PhysicsApplicable profession: Philosophy of science and technology Common pageFirst page。
国外大学物理考试题目及答案
国外大学物理考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 光在真空中的传播速度是多少？A. 3×10^8 m/sB. 3×10^4 m/sC. 3×10^2 m/sD. 3×10^6 m/s答案：A2. 根据牛顿第二定律，力和加速度之间的关系是什么？A. F = maB. F = m/vC. F = a/mD. F = v/a答案：A3. 一个物体的质量为2kg，受到10N的力，它的加速度是多少？A. 5 m/s²B. 4 m/s²C. 3 m/s²D. 2 m/s²答案：A4. 哪种类型的原子核反应可以释放出大量的能量？A. 核裂变B. 核聚变C. 放射性衰变D. 核融合答案：A5. 一个电路中的电阻为6Ω，电流为2A，那么电压是多少？A. 6VB. 12VC. 24VD. 36V答案：B二、计算题（每题10分，共30分）1. 一辆汽车以60 km/h的速度向东行驶，同时有一股西风以30 km/h 的速度吹。
如果汽车关闭发动机，它将受到风的影响，请问汽车的实际速度是多少？答案：汽车的实际速度是30 km/h，方向向东。
因为汽车关闭发动机后，它的速度将与风速相反，但由于风向与汽车行驶方向相反，所以实际速度是两者之差。
2. 一个质量为0.5kg的物体从静止开始自由下落，忽略空气阻力，求物体下落2秒后的速度和位移。
答案：物体下落2秒后的速度是 v = gt = 9.8 m/s² × 2 s = 19.6 m/s。
位移是s = 1/2 × g × t² = 1/2 × 9.8 m/s² × (2 s)² = 19.6 m。
3. 一个电路包含一个12V的电池和一个8Ω的电阻。
如果电路中的电流是1.5A，那么电路中的总电阻是多少？答案：根据欧姆定律，电压V = IR，所以电阻R = V/I = 12V /1.5A = 8Ω。
大学物理期末考试试卷(含答案)
《大学物理（下）》期末考试（A 卷）一、选择题(共27分) 1. (本题3分)距一根载有电流为3×104 A 的电线1 m 处的磁感强度的大小为 (A) 3×10-5 T ． (B) 6×10-3 T ． (C) 1.9×10-2T ． (D) 0.6 T ．(已知真空的磁导率μ0 =4π×10-7 T ·m/A) ［ ］ 2. (本题3分)一电子以速度v 垂直地进入磁感强度为B 的均匀磁场中，此电子在磁场中运动轨道所围的面积内的磁通量将(A) 正比于B ，反比于v 2． (B) 反比于B ，正比于v 2．(C) 正比于B ，反比于v ． (D) 反比于B ，反比于v ．［ ］ 3. (本题3分)有一矩形线圈AOCD ，通以如图示方向的电流I ，将它置于均匀磁场B 中，B 的方向与x 轴正方向一致，线圈平面与x 轴之间的夹角为α，α < 90°．若AO 边在y 轴上，且线圈可绕y 轴自由转动，则线圈将(A) 转动使α 角减小．(B) 转动使α角增大． (C) 不会发生转动．(D) 如何转动尚不能判定． ［ ］ 4. (本题3分)如图所示，M 、N 为水平面内两根平行金属导轨，ab 与cd 为垂直于导轨并可在其上自由滑动的两根直裸导线．外磁场垂直水平面向上．当外力使ab 向右平移时，cd (A) 不动． (B) 转动． (C) 向左移动． (D) 向右移动．［ ］5. (本题3分)如图，长度为l 的直导线ab 在均匀磁场B中以速度v移动，直导线ab 中的电动势为(A) Bl v ． (B) Bl v sin α． (C) Bl v cos α． (D) 0． ［ ］ 6. (本题3分)已知一螺绕环的自感系数为L ．若将该螺绕环锯成两个半环式的螺线管，则两个半环螺线管的自感系数c a bd NMB(A) 都等于L 21． (B) 有一个大于L 21，另一个小于L 21． (C) 都大于L 21． (D) 都小于L 21． ［ ］7. (本题3分)在双缝干涉实验中，屏幕E 上的P 点处是明条纹．若将缝S 2盖住，并在S 1 S 2连线的垂直平分面处放一高折射率介质反射面M ，如图所示，则此时 (A) P 点处仍为明条纹．(B) P 点处为暗条纹．(C) 不能确定P 点处是明条纹还是暗条纹．(D) 无干涉条纹． ［ ］8. (本题3分)在单缝夫琅禾费衍射实验中，若增大缝宽，其他条件不变，则中央明条纹 (A) 宽度变小． (B) 宽度变大． (C) 宽度不变，且中心强度也不变． (D) 宽度不变，但中心强度增大． ［ ］ 9. (本题3分)若用衍射光栅准确测定一单色可见光的波长，在下列各种光栅常数的光栅中选用哪一种最好？(A) 5.0×10-1 mm ． (B) 1.0×10-1 mm ． (C) 1.0×10-2 mm ． (D) 1.0×10-3 mm ． ［ ］ 10. (本题3分)下述说法中，正确的是 (A) 本征半导体是电子与空穴两种载流子同时参予导电，而杂质半导体(n 型或p 型)只有一种载流子(电子或空穴)参予导电，所以本征半导体导电性能比杂质半导体好．(B) n 型半导体的导电性能优于p 型半导体，因为n 型半导体是负电子导电，p 型半导体是正离子导电．(C) n 型半导体中杂质原子所形成的局部能级靠近空带(导带)的底部，使局部能级中多余的电子容易被激发跃迁到空带中去，大大提高了半导体导电性能． (D) p 型半导体的导电机构完全决定于满带中空穴的运动． ［ ］ 二、填空题（共27分） 11 (本题3分)一根无限长直导线通有电流I ，在P 点处被弯成了一个半径为R 的圆，且P 点处无交叉和接触，则圆心O 处的磁感强度 大小为_______________________________________，方向为 ______________________________． 12. (本题3分)图示为三种不同的磁介质的B ~H 关系曲线，其中虚线表示的是B = μ0H 的关系．说明a 、b 、c 各代表哪一类磁介质的B ~H 关系曲线：a 代表______________________________的B ~H 关系曲线．b 代表______________________________的B ~H 关系曲线．c 代表______________________________的B ~H 关系曲线． 13. (本题3分一个中空的螺绕环上每厘米绕有20匝导线，当通以电流I =3 A 时，环中磁 场能量密度w =_____________ ．(μ 0 =4π×10-7 N/A 2) 14. (本题3分)一平行板空气电容器的两极板都是半径为R 的圆形导体片，在充电时，板间电场强度的变化率为d E /d t ．若略去边缘效应，则两板间的位移电流为 ________________________．15. (本题4分)如图，在双缝干涉实验中，若把一厚度为e 、折射率 为n 的薄云母片覆盖在S 1缝上，中央明条纹将向__________移动；覆盖云母片后，两束相干光至原中央明纹O 处的光程差为__________________． 16. (本题3分)某一波长的X 光经物质散射后，其散射光中包含波长________和波长 __________的两种成分，其中___________的散射成分称为康普顿散射． 17. (本题5分)设描述微观粒子运动的波函数为),(t rψ，则*ψψ表示____________________________________________________________________； ),(t rψ须满足的条件是______________________________________；其归一化条 件是__________________________________________． 18. (本题3分)在主量子数n =2，自旋磁量子数21=s m 的量子态中，能够填充的最大电子数是_________________． 三、计算题（共33分） 19. (本题10分)S 21AA ＇和CC ＇为两个正交地放置的圆形线圈，其圆心相重合．AA ＇线圈半径为20.0 cm ，共10匝，通有电流10.0 A ；而CC ＇线圈的半径为10.0 cm ，共20匝，通有电流 5.0 A ．求两线圈公共中心O 点的磁感强度的大小和方向．(μ0 =4π×10-7 N ·A -2) 20. (本题8分)用白光垂直照射置于空气中的厚度为0.50 μm 的玻璃片．玻璃片的折射率为1.50．在可见光范围内(400 nm ~ 760 nm)哪些波长的反射光有最大限度的增强？ (1 nm=10-9 m) 21. (本题5分)强度为I 0的一束光，垂直入射到两个叠在一起的偏振片上,这两个偏振片的偏振化方向之间的夹角为60°.若这束入射光是强度相等的线偏振光和自然光混合而成的，且线偏振光的光矢量振动方向与此二偏振片的偏振化方向皆成30°角，求透过每个偏振片后的光束强度． 22. (本题5分)以波长λ = 410 nm (1 nm = 10-9 m)的单色光照射某一金属，产生的光电子的最大动能E K = 1.0 eV ，求能使该金属产生光电效应的单色光的最大波长是多少？ (普朗克常量h =6.63×10-34 J ·s) 23. (本题5分)已知电子在于均匀磁场B的平面内运动，设电子的运动满足玻尔量子化条件，求电子轨道的半径r n =？四、理论推导与证明题（共5分） 24. (本题5分)一束具有动量p的电子，垂直地射入宽度为a 的狭缝，若在狭缝后远处与狭缝相距为R 的地方放置一块荧光屏，试证明屏幕上衍射图样中央最大强度的宽度)/(2ap Rh d =，式中h 为普朗克常量． 五、回答问题（共5分） 25. (本题5分)粒子(a)、(b)的波函数分别如图所示，若用位置和动量描述它们的运动状态，两者中哪一粒子位置的不确定量较大？哪一粒子的动量的不确定量较大？为什么？参考答案：一、选择题(共27分) 1. (本题3分) (2717) B 2. (本题3分)(2391) B 3. (本题3分)(2594) Bx (a)x(b)4. (本题3分)(2314)D5. (本题3分)(2125)D6. (本题3分)(2421)D7. (本题3分)(3174)B8. (本题3分)(3718)A9. (本题3分)(3215)D 10. (本题3分)(4223)C 二、填空题（共27分） 11 (本题3分)(5125))11(20π-R I μ 2分垂直纸面向里． 1分 12. (本题3分)(5134)铁磁质 1分 顺磁质 1分 抗磁质 1分 13. (本题3分)(2624)22.6 J ·m -3 3分 14. (本题3分)(5161)t E R d /d 20πε 3分 15. (本题4分)(3177)上 2分 (n -1)e 2分 16. (本题3分)(4611)不变 1分 变长 1分 波长变长 1分 17. (本题5分)(4203)粒子在t 时刻在(x ，y ，z )处出现的概率密度 2分 单值、有限、连续 1分1d d d 2=⎰⎰⎰z y x ψ 2分18. (本题3分)(4787)4 2分三、计算题（共33分） 19. (本题10分)(2567)解：AA ＇线圈在O 点所产生的磁感强度002502μμ==AA A A r I NB (方向垂直AA ＇平面) 3分 CC ＇线圈在O 点所产生的磁感强度 005002μμ==CC C C r IN B (方向垂直CC ＇平面) 3分 O 点的合磁感强度 42/1221002.7)(-⨯=+=C A B B B T 2分 B 的方向在和AA ＇、CC ＇都垂直的平面内，和CC ＇平面的夹角︒==-4.63tg 1A C B Bθ 2分20. (本题8分)(3628)解：加强， 2ne+21λ = k λ， 2分 123000124212-=-=-=k k ne k ne λ nm 2分 k = 1， λ1 = 3000 nm ，k = 2， λ2 = 1000 nm ， k = 3， λ3 = 600 nm ， k = 4， λ4 = 428.6 nm ，k = 5， λ5 = 333.3 nm ．2分∴ 在可见光范围内，干涉加强的光的波长是λ＝600 nm 和λ＝428.6 nm ． 2分 21. (本题5分)(3768)解：透过第一个偏振片后的光强为2001cos 212121⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=I I I 30° 2分＝5I 0 / 8 1分 透过第二个偏振片后的光强I 2＝( 5I 0 / 8 )cos 260°1分＝5I 0 / 32 1分22. (本题5分)(4393)解：设能使该金属产生光电效应的单色光最大波长为λ0． 由 00=-A h ν可得 0)/(0=-A hc λ A hc /0=λ 2分 又按题意： K E A hc =-)/(λ ∴ K E hc A -=)/(λ得 λλλλK K E hc hc E hc hc -=-=)/(0= 612 nm 3分A23. (本题5分)(4547)解：设轨道半径为r n ，电子运动速度为v ．则由n r m B e /2v v = 2分 n r m L n ==v 2分 得 n eB r n ⋅=2/1)/( ( n = 1，2，3……) 1分四、理论推导与证明题（共5分） 24. (本题5分)(4550)证：单缝夫朗禾费衍射各级极小的条件为： λφk a ±=sin ( k = 1，2……)令 k = 1， 得 λφ=sin a 1分 可见，衍射图形第一级极小离中心点距离 a f f R x /sin tg 1λφφ⋅=≈= 1分 又电子德布罗意波的波长 p h /=λ 2分 所以中央最大强度宽度 )/(221ap Rh x d == 1分 五、回答问题（共5分） 25. (本题5分)(4781)答：由图可知，(a)粒子位置的不确定量较大． 2分 又据不确定关系式 xp x ∆∆≥π2h可知，由于(b)粒子位置的不确定量较小，故(b)粒子动量的不确定量较大. 3分x(a)x (b)。
美国物理试题与解答
美国物理试题与解答.第六卷,量子力学
第六卷，精选自关于量子力学的经典文献，旨在梳理量子力学的基本原则以及这些原则在实验中的应用。
文章内容涵盖了量子力学的原理和结构，量子力学求解方法，以及量子力学在实际应用中的角色。
本卷是量子物理学家们探索量子力学世界的完美入门之作，为深入理解量子力学世界提供了坚实基础。
试题一：如何求解线性简并潜质方程？
答：线性简并潜质方程可以使用梯度下降（Gradient Descent）算法求解。
梯度下降算法要求计算函数的梯度，即函数在每个方向的导数，并以此确定如何降低函数值的过程。
该算法的步骤如下：1）计算目标函数在每一点的梯度向量；2）使用该梯度向量更新函数值；3）重复上述步骤直至收敛。
试题二：量子力学中能量级别的理解？
答：在量子力学中，能量被认为是一种看不见的粒子，用来描述介质中存在的力学系统。
主要涉及到每个粒子的能级，即它在能量空间中
的位置。
基态（ground state）是粒子能量最低的状态，而激发态（excited state）是范畴能量最低的状态。
能量级的划分，有助于描述
粒子系统的量子特性，从而帮助理解它们之间的相互作用及粒子运动。
英语物理试题及答案
英语物理试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI)?A. NewtonB. JouleC. WattD. Coulomb2. What is the speed of light in a vacuum?A. 299,792 kilometers per secondB. 299,792 meters per secondC. 299,792 miles per hourD. 299,792 feet per second3. The formula for calculating work done in physics is:A. Work = Force × DistanceB. Work = Force × TimeC. Work = Mass × AccelerationD. Work = Force × Velocity4. Which of the following is not a fundamental force in nature?A. Gravitational forceB. Electromagnetic forceC. Nuclear forceD. Frictional force5. The principle of conservation of energy states that:A. Energy can be created or destroyed.B. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.C. Energy can only be transformed from one form to another.D. Energy can be transformed and destroyed.6. What is the formula for calculating the kinetic energy ofan object?A. KE = 1/2 mv^2B. KE = 1/2 mvC. KE = mv^2D. KE = mv7. The law of reflection states that:A. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.B. The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection.C. The angle of incidence is less than the angle ofreflection.D. The angle of reflection is always 90 degrees.8. What is the primary difference between a conductor and an insulator?A. Conductors have a higher resistance than insulators.B. Conductors allow the flow of electric current, while insulators do not.C. Insulators have a higher resistance than conductors.D. Conductors are made of metals, while insulators are not.9. The formula for calculating the electric power is:A. Power = Voltage × CurrentB. Power = Voltage / CurrentC. Power = Current^2 / VoltageD. Power = Voltage^2 / Current10. The relationship between wavelength, frequency, and speed of light is given by the equation:A. Speed = Wavelength × FrequencyB. Speed = Wavelength / FrequencyC. Speed = 1 / (Wavelength × Frequency)D. Speed = Frequency / Wavelength二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The SI unit for electric current is the ________.2. The process of an object moving from a higher potential energy to a lower potential energy is called ________.3. The formula for calculating the gravitational force between two objects is ________.4. The SI unit for electric charge is the ________.5. The formula for calculating the electric field strength is ________.6. The principle that states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction is known as ________.7. The formula for calculating the magnetic force on a current-carrying wire is ________.8. The SI unit for temperature is the ________.9. The process of converting electrical energy into other forms of energy is called ________.10. The formula for calculating the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is ________.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave.2. Describe the process of photosynthesis in plants.3. Discuss the concept of the Doppler effect and its applications.四、计算题（每题15分，共30分）1. A 5 kg object is moving at a velocity of 10 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy.2. A 10 m long wire carries a current of 5 A. If the wire is placed in a magnetic field with a strength of 0.2 T,calculate the magnetic force acting on the wire.五、实验题（每题20分，共20分）1. Design an experiment to demonstrate the principle of the conservation of momentum. Include the materials needed, the procedure, and the expected results.答案：一、选择题1. A2. B3. A4. D5. B6. A7. A8. B9. A10. A二、填空题1. Ampere2. Energy conversion3. F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2 (where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects, and r is the distance between their centers)4. Coulomb5. E = F / q (where E is the。
大学基础教育《大学物理（下册）》期末考试试题A卷 含答案
大学基础教育《大学物理（下册）》期末考试试题A卷含答案姓名：______ 班级：______ 学号：______考试须知：1、考试时间：120分钟，本卷满分为100分。
2、请首先按要求在试卷的指定位置填写您的姓名、班级、学号。
一、填空题（共10小题，每题2分，共20分）1、一束平行单色光垂直入射在一光栅上，若光栅的透明缝宽度与不透明部分宽度相等，则可能看到的衍射光谱的级次为____________。
2、一圆盘正绕垂直于盘面的水平光滑固定轴O转动，如图射来两个质量相同，速度大小相同，方向相反并在一条直线上的子弹，子弹射入圆盘并留在盘内，则子弹射入后的瞬间，圆盘的角速度_____。
3、某人站在匀速旋转的圆台中央，两手各握一个哑铃，双臂向两侧平伸与平台一起旋转。
当他把哑铃收到胸前时，人、哑铃和平台组成的系统转动的角速度_____。
4、均匀细棒质量为，长度为，则对于通过棒的一端与棒垂直的轴的转动惯量为_____，对于通过棒的中点与棒垂直的轴的转动惯量_____。
5、二质点的质量分别为、. 当它们之间的距离由a缩短到b时，万有引力所做的功为____________。
6、反映电磁场基本性质和规律的积分形式的麦克斯韦方程组为：（）。
①②③④试判断下列结论是包含于或等效于哪一个麦克斯韦方程式的．将你确定的方程式用代号填在相应结论后的空白处。
(1) 变化的磁场一定伴随有电场；__________________(2) 磁感线是无头无尾的；________________________(3) 电荷总伴随有电场．__________________________7、沿半径为R的圆周运动，运动学方程为 (SI) ，则ｔ时刻质点的法向加速度大小为________；角加速度=________。
8、一根长为l，质量为m的均匀细棒在地上竖立着。
如果让竖立着的棒以下端与地面接触处为轴倒下，则上端到达地面时细棒的角加速度应为_____。
2020-2021某大学《物理学》期末课程考试试卷B1(含答案)
2020-2021《物理学》期末课程考试试卷B1 适用专业：考试时间：试卷所需时间：120分钟闭卷试卷总分：100分一、填空题（共5小题，每空1分，共10分）1、在双缝干涉实验中，若使两缝之间的距离增大，则屏幕上干涉条纹间距___________；若使单色光波长减小，则干涉条纹间距_________________。
2、物理学的研究中，把与外界既不交换物质又不交换能量的系统称为系统；把与外界仅交换能量不交换物质的系统称系统；把与外界既交换物质又交换能量的系统称系统。
3、线偏振光的获得方法：____________________ ，_______________，________________。
4、一平面简谐波,表达式x=0.05cos3t-4y+5(SI),则该波的频率________.波速________。
二、选择题（共5小题，每题2分，共10分）1、理想流体作稳定流动时，任一水平流管中：（）A 流速大的地方压强小B 流速大的地方压强大C 流速与压强无关D 无法判断2、一定量的理想气体，体积被压缩一半，气体经历下列哪一个过程，外界压缩气体做功最多：（）A、绝热过程；B、等温过程；C、等压过程；D、都一样。
3、图一为一平面简谐波在t时刻的波形曲线，若此时A点处介质质元的振动动能在增大，则可知：（）A 波沿x轴正方向传播B A点处质元的弹性势能在减小C B点处质元的振动动能在增大D C点处质元的弹性势能在增大图14、一点电荷q位于一立方体中心，通过立方体每个面的电通量为：（）A q/16ε0B q/8ε0C q/6ε0D q/4ε05、一根无限长细导线载有电流I ，折成图 2 所示的形状，圆弧部分的半径为R ，则圆心处磁感应强度B 的大小为：( )A BC D三、计算题（共7小题，1-6每题8分，第七题10分，共58分）1、已知一沿x轴作直线运动的质点的初位移为0x，初速度为0v，加速度为常矢量0a，求质点在t时刻的速度和加速度。
大学物理上(英文版)期末复习资料整理
Concept Summery for FP FINAL 2012 spr.Chapter 1 【force and motion】(1) Concept1.particle: ideal object with mass, neglect size, shape, internal structure ...When the size of the object is much less than its moving range. It could be treat as a particle.2.description：equation of motion/position vector/displacement/Velocity (vector)/speed(scalar)/acceleration/instantaneous velocity/Angular velocity/acceleration –circular motion=>Common particle motions: Circular motion, projectile motion and general curvilinear motionmon force: Gravity/ Elastic force/ Friction/ Universal gravity4.Newton’s law of motion:[FIRST] Every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it. [SECOND] The change of motion is proportional to the net force exert on the object, and occurs on the direction of the net force.[THIRD] If two objects interact, the force F12 exerted by object 1 on object 2 is equal in magnitude to and opposite in direction to the force F21 exerted by object 2 on object 1.5.Galilean relativity: You can not determine whether a frame is still or move at aconstant speed by mechanical experiment in this frame. This is called the Galilean relativity.(2) Calculation:1.v=dx/dt a=dv/dt 积分应用2.力学动力学过程分析Chapter 2【Conserved quantities and laws in motion】1.(1)Centroid: The center of mass of the system is called centroid.(2) Theorem of motion of centroid:No matter how distribution in mass of the body and how external froces are exerted on the body, the movement of centroid is like that all the mass as well as all the external force are focused at this point. (理解：炮弹飞行轨道上爆炸其质心运动的轨迹不变。
2020-2021《大学物理学》(上)期末课程考试试卷A(含答案)
2020-2021《大学物理学》(上)期末课程考试试卷A 卷（适应专业：时间：用时：2小时；考试类型：闭卷；总分：100分）一、填空题（共8题，每空1分，共22分）1、一质点的运动方程为t x 2=，2219t y -=，其中y x ,以m 计，t 以s 计。
则质点的轨道方程为 ；s t 2=时的位置矢径=r；st 2=的瞬时速度=v ；前2秒内的平均速度=v。
2、一个质点在几个力同时作用下的位移为∆r =(4i -5j +6k )米，其中一个恒力可表达成Ｆ=(-3i -5j +9k )牛顿，则这个力在这过程中做功为___ _ ___。
3、有两矢量A 和B ，则A ×A =________，若A 垂直B ，则A ·B =_______。
4、转动惯量是物体 量度，其大小与刚体的 ， ，和 有关。
5、由磁高斯定理知磁场是_ ___场，由安培环路定理知磁场是 场。
6. 质量为kg 10103-⨯的小球与轻弹簧组成的系统，按20.1cos(8)3x t ππ=+m 的规律作谐振动，则振动的周期 、振幅 、初位相 、速度的最大值 、加速度的最大值 。
7、按照产生的机理不同，电介质的极化现象可分为两种，一种是_ __，另一种是_ _ __ ___。
8、在一个带正电的大导体附近P 点处放置一点电荷q （电荷q 不是足够小）实际测得它的受力为F ，如果q>0,则F/q 与P 点场强E 关系 ,如果q<0,则F/q 与P 点场强E 关系 。
二、单项选择题（共8题，每题3分，共24分）1、船浮于静水中，船长L ，质量为m ，一个质量也为m 的人从船尾走到船头. 不计水和空气的阻力，则在此过程中船将（ ）A 、 不动 ；B 、 后退L ；C 、 后退L 21； D 、 后退L 31 。
2、在静电场中，下列说法中正确的是 （ ）A 、带正电荷的导体其电势一定是正值；B 、等势面上各点的场强一定相等；C 、场强为零处电势也一定为零；D 、场强相等处电势不一定相等。
大学物理(电磁学部分)试题库及答案解析
大学物理（电磁学部分）试题库及答案解析一、 选择题1.库仑定律的适用范围是()A 真空中两个带电球体间的相互作用； ()B 真空中任意带电体间的相互作用； ()C 真空中两个正点电荷间的相互作用； ()D 真空中两个带电体的大小远小于它们之间的距离。
〔 D 〕2.在等量同种点电荷连线的中垂线上有A 、B 两点,如图所示，下列结论正确的是()A A B E E ，方向相同；()B A E 不可能等于B E ,但方向相同；()C A E 和B E 大小可能相等，方向相同；()D A E 和B E 大小可能相等，方向不相同。
〔 C 〕4.下列哪一种说法正确()A 电荷在电场中某点受到的电场力很大,该点的电场强度一定很大；()B 在某一点电荷附近的任一点,若没放试验电荷,则这点的电场强度为零；()C 若把质量为m 的点电荷q 放在一电场中,由静止状态释放,电荷一定沿电场线运动；()D 电场线上任意一点的切线方向,代表点电荷q 在该点获得加速度的方向。
〔 D 〕5.带电粒子在电场中运动时()A 速度总沿着电场线的切线，加速度不一定沿电场线切线；()B 加速度总沿着电场线的切线，速度不一定沿电场线切线；()C 速度和加速度都沿着电场线的切线；()D 速度和加速度都不一定沿着电场线的切线。
〔 B 〕7．在真空中的静电场中，作一封闭的曲面，则下列结论中正确的是A.通过封闭曲面的电通量仅是面内电荷提供的B.封闭曲面上各点的场强是面内电荷激发的C.由高斯定理求得的场强仅由面内电荷所激发的D.由高斯定理求得的场强是空间所有电荷共同激发的〔 D 〕9、下面说法正确的是(A)等势面上各点场强的大小一定相等；(B)在电势高处，电势能也一定高；(C)场强大处，电势一定高；(D)场强的方向总是从电势高处指向低处〔 D 〕10、已知一高斯面所包围的体积内电量代数和为零，则可肯定：（A ）高斯面上各点场强均为零。
（B ）穿过高斯面上每一面元的电通量均为零。
2003年美国物理竞赛试题
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美国物理试题与解答
美国物理试题与解答.六,量子力学
题记：本文将探讨量子力学，并介绍其基本概念，以及它是如何能够解释我们观测到的现象。
我们将还详细解释定律以及在现代物理中
应用量子力学的方法。
美国物理试题：六、量子力学
1、概述量子力学：量子力学是一门研究微观世界规律的物理学，它是由爱因斯坦在20世纪初提出的微观力学，是认识粒子运动规律的基础理论。
2、讨论关于量子力学的试题：（1）量子力学可以解释为什么事态中
存在统计机制？（2）运用量子力学模型可以用什么算法关联原子外层电子的配置？（3）量子力学可以解释为什么物质的特性可以同时具有波动和粒子的特征？
试题解答：（1）量子力学是一种统计力学，可以解释为什么对于构成事物的最小元素来说，不存在确定的运动定律，而是只有概率性规律；（2）用量子力学模型可以用波函数算法关联原子外层电子的配置；
（3）量子力学解释了为什么物质的特性可以同时具有波动和粒子的特征，因为量子力学认为，粒子在一定程度上是概率性的，即粒子既有波的特征，又有粒子的特征。
美国物理奥林匹克竞赛2015试题
2015 F = ma Exam2015 F = ma Contest25 QUESTIONS - 75 MINUTESINSTRUCTIONSDO NOT OPEN THIS TEST UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO BEGIN •Use g = 10 N/kg throughout this contest.•You may write in this booklet of questions. However, you will not receive any credit for anything written in this booklet.•Your answer to each question must be marked on the optical mark answer sheet.•Select the single answer that provides the best response to each question. Please be sure to use a No. 2 pencil and completely fill the box corresponding to your choice. If you change an answer, the previous mark must be completely erased.•Correct answers w山be awarded one point; incorrect answers and leaving an answer blank will be awarded zero points. There is no additional penalty for incorrect answers.• A hand-held calculator may be used. Its memory must be cleared of data and programs. You may use only the basic functions found on a simple scientific calculator. Calculators may not be shared.Cell phones may not be used during the exam or while the exam papers are present. You may not use any tables, books, or collections of formulas.•This test contains 25 multiple choice questions. Your answer to each question must be marked on the optical mark answer sheet that accompanies the test. Only the boxes preceded by numbers 1 through25 are to be used on the answer sheet.•All questions are equally weighted, but are not necessarily the same level of difficulty.•In order to maintain exam security, do not communicate any information about the questions (or their answers or solutions) on this contest until after February 20. 2015.1•The question booklet and answer sheet w山be collected at the end of this exam. You may not use scratch paper.DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO BEGIN1. A 600 meter wide river flows directly south at 4.0 m/s. A small motor boat travels at 5.0 m/s in still water and points in such a direction so that it will travel directly east relative to the land.1 4 m/s 600 mThe time it takes to cross the river is closest to67 s120 s150 s200 s 600 s2. A car travels directly north on a straight highway at a constant speed of 80 km/hr for a distance of 25 km. The car then continues directly north at a constant speed of 50 km/hr for a distance of 75 more kilometers. The average speed of the car for the entire journey is closest to(A) 55.2 km/hr(B) 57.5 km/hr(C) 65 km/hr(D) 69.6 km/hr(E) 72.5 km/hr \]/ \]z / / / A B c D E/(\ /(X /lx zv3. The force of friction on an airplane in level flight is given by F f =加匕 where k is some constant, and v is the speed of the airplane. When the power output from the engines is B), the plane is able to fly at a speed u 0. If the power output of the engines is increased by 100% to the airplane w 山 be able to fly at a new speed given by4. A 2.0 kg box is onginally at rest on a liorizontal surface where the coefficient of static friction between the box and the surface is and the coefficient of the kinetic friction between the box and the surface is = 0.90^s . An external horizontal force of magnitude P is then applied to the box. Which of the following is a giaph of the acceleration of the box a versus the external force P?\J/ \J/ \)z \)/ A B c D E /(\ /(\ /(\ 如6.2 428E)D UONSOOOUBD UONEJOoooe (B) Force PD UO 2913003 XI/ brce P Force P 0 4-0 Force P5. A 470 gram lead ball is launched at a 60 degree angle above the horizontal with an initial speed of 100 m/s directly toward a target on a vertical cliff wall that is 150 meters away as shown in the figure. targetIgnoring air friction, by what distance does the lead ball miss the target when it hits the cliff wall?1.3 m2.2 m5.0 m7.1 m11 m6. Three trolley carts are free to move on a one dimensional frictionless horizontal track. Cart A has a mass of 1.9 kg and an initial speed of 1.7 m/s to the right; Cart B has a mass of 1.1 kg and an initial speed of 2.5 m/s to the left; cart C has a mass of 1.3 kg and is originally at rest. Collisions between carts A and B are perfectly elastic; collisions between carts B and C are perfectly inelastic.What is the velocity of the center of mass of the system of the three carts after the last collision?\J / \J /\J/\J / A B c D m/ 3 2 3.(E)Cart A Cart B CartC1.7 m/s2.5 m/sThe following information applies to questions 7 and 8Carts A, B, and C are on a long horizontal frictionless track. The masses of the carts are m, 3m, and 9m. Originally cart B is at rest at the 1.0 meter mark and cart C is at rest on the 2.0 meter mark. Cart A is originally at the zero meter mark moving toward the cart B at a speed of7. Assuming that all collisions are completely inelastic, what is the filial speed of cart C?8. Assuming that all collisions are completelv elastic, what is the final speed of cart C?如/8如/4如/2如2&The following information applies to questions 9 and 10A 0.650 kg ball moving at 5.00 m/s collides with a 0.750 kg ball that is originally at rest. After the collision, the 0.750 kg ball moves off with a speed of 4.00 m/s, and the 0.650 kg ball moves off at a right angle to the final direction of motion of the 0.750 kg ball. 9. What ，is the final speed of the 0.650 kg ball?Cart A Cart B 3 m Cart C 9 m------- tr2 m3 o 5 119 3 // / / / / ^灼灼灼VO21 Xu/ \u/ \u/\u/ Xu/ A B c D E /(X /(X /J\ /(\ m/ .9 1 nV2 3 2. Xu/ \u/ \u/ \u/ Xu/ A B c D E /(X /(X /J\ /(\ nV00 3. m/.64m/ 77 5.10. Let the change m total kinetic energy in this collision be denned by AA = Kj — where K. is the totalfinal kinetic energy, and K, is the total initial kinetic energy. Which of the following is true?△K = (K + 绮)/2K f <^K< K<1(f△K = 0-A ； < AK < 011. A sphere floats in water with 2/3 of the volume of the sphere submerged. The sphere is removed and placedin oil that has 3/4 the density of water. If it floats in the oil, what fraction of the sphere would be submerged in the oil?(A)(B)(C)(D)(E) The sphere will not float, it will sink in the oil.The following information applies to questions 12 and 13A pendulum consists of a small bob of mass m attached to a fixed point by a string of length L.The pendulum bob swings down from rest from an initial angle 0nmx < 90 degrees.12. Wliich of the following statements about the pendulum bob's acceleration is true?(A) The magnitude of the acceleration is constant for the motion.(B) The magnitude of the acceleration at the lowest point is g ： the acceleration of free fall.(C) The magnitude of the acceleration is zero at some point of the pendulum's swing.(D) The acceleration is always directed toward the center of the circle.(E) The acceleration at the bottom of the swing is pointing vertically upward. 12 r 2 9 // / // // 7 1 1 oo 113.Consider the pendulum bob when it is at an angle 0 = |^lnax on the way up (moving toward ^niax). What isthe direction of the acceleration vector?The following information applies to questions 14 and 15A 3.0 meter long massless rod is free to rotate horizontally about its center. Two 5.0 kg point objectsare originally located at the ends of the rod; they are free to slide on the frictionless rod and are kept from flying off the rod by an inflexible massless rope that connects the two objects.Originally the system is rotating at 4.0 radians per second; assume the system is completelyfrictionless; and ignore any concerns about instability of the system.14.Calculate the original tension in the rope.N N N N >-600 0 0 2 4 6 112 \J/ \J/ \J/ \J/ \u/480N15.The rope is slowly tightened by a small massless motor attached to one of the objects. It is done in sucha way as to pull the two objects closer to the center of the rotating rod. How much work is done by themotor in pulling the two objects from the ends of the rod until they are each 0.5 meters from the center of rotation?120 J180 J240 J1410 J1620 J16.Shown below is a graph of potential energy as a function of position for a 0.50 kg object.2010II-10Wliich of the following statements is NOT true in the range 0 cm < x < 6 cm?(A)The object could be at equilibrium at either x = 1 cm or 3： = 3 cm.(B)The minimum possible total energy for this object in the range is -10 J.(C)The magnitude of the force on the object at 4 cm is approximately 1000 N.(D)If the total energy of the particle is 0 J then the object will have a maximum kineticenergy of 10 J.(E)The magnitude of the acceleration of the object at x = 2 cm is approximately 4 cm/s2.17. A flywheel can rotate in order to store kinetic energy. The flywheel is a uniform disk made of a materialwith a density p and tensile strength a (measured in Pascals), a radius r. and a thickness h. The flywheel is rotating at the maximum possible angular velocity so that it does not break. Wliich of the following expression correctly gives the maximum kinetic energy per kilogram that can be stored in the flywheel? Assume that a is a dimensionless constant.(A) a y /r pa]r(B) ally/pa/r(C) c"(W 『)S/p)2(D) a(h/r)(a/p)(E) aa/p18. Shown below are three graphs of the same data.Wliich is the correct functional relationship between the data points? Assume a and b are con-gNJ/ \J/ \J/ \J/ \u/A B c D E /(X /J\ zv Lv + ./Jo + 卢log aThe following information applies to questions 19 and 20A U-tube manometer consists of a uniform diameter cylindrical tube that is bent into a U shape. It is originally filled with water that has a density p w . The total length of the column of water is L. Ignore surface tension and viscosity.19. The water is displaced slightly so that one side moves up a distance x and the other side lowers adistance x. Find the frequency of oscillation.(A)寿四兀 (B)(B) 寿罗巧(C) ^Vd/pw(D) 2Wp w gL20. Oil with a density half that of water is added to one side of the tube until the total length of oil isequal to the total length of water. Determine the equilibrium height difference between the two21. An object launched vertically upward from the ground with a speed of 50 m/s bounces off of the ground onthe return trip with a coefficient of restitution given by C R = 0.9, meaning that immediately after a bounce the upward speed is 90% of the previous downward speed. The ball continues to bounce like this; what is the total amount of time between when the ball is launched and when it finally comes to a rest? Assume the collision time is zero; the bounce is instantaneous. Treat the problem as ideally classical and ignore any quantum effects that might happen for very small bounces.71 s100 s141 s1000 soo (the ball never comes to a rest) 4 2 3 // 4 // / L / L L L 3 L \J/ \JZ \u/A B c D E/(X /J\ zl\ /V (E22. A solid ball is released from rest down inclines of various inclination angles 0 but through a fixedvertical height h. The coefficient of static and kinetic friction are both equal to fi. Which of the following graphs best represents the total kinetic energy of the ball at the bottom of the incline as a function of the angle of the incline?23. A 2.0 kg object falls from rest a distance of 5.0 meters onto a 6.0 kg object that is supported by avertical massless spring with spring constant k = 72 N/m. The two objects stick together after the collision, which results in the mass/spring system oscillating. What is the maximum magnitude of the displacement of the 6.0 kg object from its original location before it is struck by the falling object?(A)0.27 m(B) 1.1 m(C) 2.5 m(D) 2.8 m(E) 3.1 m24. The speed of a transverse wave on a long cylindrical steel string is given by v =where T is the tension in the string, M is the mass, and L is the length of the string. Ignore any string stiffness, and assume that it does not stretch when tightened.Consider two steel strings of the same length, the first with radius i\ and a second thicker string with radius r 2 = 4r 〔. Each string is tightened to the maximum possible tension without breaking. What is the ratio of the fundamental frequencies of vibration on the two strings?(E)25. Two identical carts A and B each with mass m are connected via a spring with spring constant k. Twoadditional springs, identical to the first, connect the carts to two fixed points. The carts are free to oscillate under the effect of the springs in one dimensional frictionless motion.Under suitable initial conditions, the two carts will oscillate in phase according to2A (t) = Zosingt = XB(i)where X A and TB are the locations of carts A and B relative to their respective equilibrium positions. Under other suitable initial conditions, the two carts will oscillate exactly out of phase according tox A (t) = x()sin — —^B (0Determine the ratio cv 2/cvi/3槌V 2 2 3 5 \J / \J / \J / \J /2槌 1 V 2 2\)/ \J/ \J/ A B c D /(V Cart A Cart B。
耶鲁大学基础物理期末考试
1Physics200a Finals18December2006180minutesFormulas and Figures at the end.Do problems in6books as indicated.(I)Book1A solid cylinder of mass m and radius r rolls(without slipping)down a slope from a height h and goes around a loop-the-loop of radius R as infigure1.What is h,the minimum height from which it must be released to make the trip around the loop?You may neglect r in comparison to R and h.(20)(II)Book1A record is spinning on a turntable at8rev/s.A non-rotating rod of equal mass is dropped onto it from negligible height.The rod’s length equals the diameter of the record.They begin to turn as one,with their centers coincident.What is thefinal rate of revolution in rev/s?What is r,the ratio of thefinal to initial kinetic energy of the system?If you use any conservation law(s)justify it(them).(20)(III)Book2A solid cylinder rolls without slipping on an incline of angleθ.Show that its linear acceleration downhill isa=23g sinθ.(Hint:Take torque about a judicious point.)(20)(IV)Book2An amusement park ride is shown infigure2.The terrified customer stands with the back against the wall of the rotating cylindri-cal drum.Once it picks up enough angular speed,thefloor drops out but customer does not fall down.(i)Draw the forces on customer(ii) Write down F=ma in two independent directions.(iii)Show that the minimum frequency of the drum isf min=12π gµs Rwhere R is its radiusµs is the coefficient of static friction between the rider and the drum.(15)(V)Book3A driven oscillator is vibrating according tom d2xdt2+mγdxdt+mω20x=F0cosωt.2 Using complex numbers derive x(t),the steady state solution in terms of F0,m,andω0for the caseω=2ω0andγ2=74ω20.The only informationI am giving you for this problem ise iθ=cosθ+i sinθ.(20)(VI)Book3A vibrating string(clamped at both ends)has a fundamental frequency440Hz is50cm long and under a tension of F=700Newtons.What is its mass?(10)(VII)Book4A400kg raftfloats on a lake.When a45kg man steps on it,it sinks4.5cm deeper into the water.When he steps off,it vibrates up and down.Calculate the frequency,amplitude,energy and maximum acceleration of oscillation.(Ignore any frictional or dissipative effects.Start byfinding k.)(15)(VIII)Book4A clock moving at velocity u=3c/5passes me,sitting at my origin,at t=t =0according to it and my clock.What is its location in my frame when it ticks1second in its frame?If it emits alight pulse at that time,at what time t∗according to me will that pulse reach my origin?Use(x,t)for me and(x ,t )for clock frame.(15)(IX)Book5(In this problem use c=1).A right moving photon with K=(ω,k)hits an electron at rest,i.e.,electron has P=(m,0).The photon bounces back with energyω while the electron recoils to the right.Show that1ω =1ω+2mHint:Use four vectors and take the square of the least known four-vector.(20)(X)Book6A rod of rest length L0is moving at speed v relative to me.Show that its length according to a person moving to the right at velocity u relative to me is(with c=1)L=L0 (1−u2)(1−v2)(1−uv).Test your result at u=v.(5)3 (XI)Book6One mole of a monatomic gas goes in a cycle ABCA as infigure3.Let(P0,V0,T0)be the parameters at A and2T0the temperature at B.Find(i)the values of T C and P B(ii)the work down in each part:AB, BC and CA in units of RT0.(iii)Repeat for heat input in each part.(iv) Find the entropy change in each part.You may use the fact that entropy is a state variable to save some work.(20)4 Data Sheetc=3·108m/s g=9.8m/s2x =x−ut1−u2/c2t =t−ux/c21−u2/c2A·B=A0B0−A·B dot product of four vectors A and BP=m0(1√1−v2,v√1−v2),P·P=E2−p2=m20,c=1here K=(ω,k)for photons with K·K=w2−k2=0w=u−v1−uv/c2L=L0 1−u2/c2τ=τ01−u2/c2Spacetime interval=s2=(ct)2−x2A1v1=A2v2P+12ρv2+ρgh=constantρwater=103kg/m3τ=Iατ=F r sinθI= j m j r2j I discCM=I cylinder=12MR2I CMrod=112ML2I=I CM+Md2v= T/µv=λfc water=1cal/(g o C)1cal=4.2J∆Q=mC∆T for heating∆Q=mL for phase change,L is latent heat P V=nRT R=2cal/mole·o C1cal=4.2JU=32NkT=32nRT=32P VW Adiabatic=P1V1−P2V2γ−1∆U=∆Q−P dV Law IC V=dQdT per mole V fixed C P=dQ dTper mole P fixedC P=C V+RW= 21P(V)dV∆S=∆QT reversibleFIG.1:A cylinder(solid circle)of radius r rolls down the loop-the-loop of radius R>>r.The petrified rider is the dark oval.FIG.2:A amusement park ride:as the drum picks up speed thefloor drops offand petrified rider is held up in place by friction.ABC VP V 02V 0T 0P 0FIG.3:A mole of monoatomic goes in a cycle ABCA.Let T 0be the temperature at A .。
【AP物理C】【真题】解答题 C1973
AP® Physics C1973 Free Response QuestionsThese materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their programs, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, thePSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.1973M1. A horizontal force F is applied to a small block of mass m1 to make it slide along the top of a larger block of mass m2 and length l. The coefficient of friction between the blocks is μ. The larger block slides without friction along a horizontal surface. The blocks start from rest with the small block at one end of the larger block, as shown.a. On the diagrams below draw all of the forces acting on each block. Identify each force.b. Find the acceleration of each block. a1 and a2, relative to the horizontal surface.c. In terms of 1, a1, and a2, find the time t needed for the small block to slide off the endof the larger block.d. Find an expression for the energy dissipated as heat because of the friction betweenthe two blocks.1973M2. A 30-gram bullet is fired with a speed of 500 meters per second into a wall.a. If the deceleration of the bullet is constant and it penetrates 12 centimeters into the wall, calculate theforce on the bullet while it is stopping.b. If the deceleration of the bullet is constant and it penetrates 12 centimeters into the wall, how muchtime is required for the bullet to stop?c. Suppose, instead, that the stopping force increases from zero as the bullet penetrates. Discuss themotion in comparison to the case for a constant deceleration.1973M3. A ball of mass m is attached by two strings to a vertical rod. as shown above. The entire system rotates at constant angular velocity ω about the axis of the rod.a. Assuming ω is large enough to keep both strings taut, find the force each string exerts onthe ball in terms of ω, m, g, R, and θ.b. Find the minimum angular velocity, ωmin for which the lower string barely remains taut.1973E1. The plates of an isolated parallel plate capacitor are pulled apart very slowly by a force F. Each plate has charge q and area A. Assume that edge effects are negligible, i.e., the spacing x is much smaller than the plate dimensions.a. Determine the change in capacitance as x is increased by dxb. Determine the change of stored energy in the capacitor as x is increased by dxc. How is the force F related to the change in stored energy ? Determine F in terms of x, q,and A.1973E2. A surveyor attempts to use a compass below a power line carrying a steady currentof 103 amperes. The compass Is 6.0 meters directly below the wire.a. If the horizontal component of the Earth’s field is 0.10 gauss, could the power linedisturb the compass reading? Give a quantitative argument.b. Suppose, instead, the current were 103 amperes of 60 cycles per second alternatingcurrent. Would the compass reading be disturbed? Explain your answerqualitatively in terms of the properties of the compass.1973E3. In a uniform magnetic field B directed vertically downward. a metal bar of mass m is released from rest and slides without friction down a track inclined at an angle , as shown above. The electrical resistance of the bar between its two points of contact with the track is R: the track has negligible resistance. The width of the track is l.a. Show on the diagram the direction of the current in the sliding bar.b. Denoting by v the instantaneous speed with which the bar is sliding down the incline,determine an expression for the magnitude of the current in the bar.c. Determine an expression for the force exerted on the bar by the magnetic field.d. Determine an expression for the terminal velocity of the sliding bar.。
AAPT物理竞赛和ARML数学竞赛
AAPT“物理杯”高中物理竞赛高中物理竞赛“物理杯”(PHYSICS BOWL)由“美国物理教师协会”(英文全称：American Association of Physics Teachers.缩写：AAPT）主办，是美国乃至全球最具影响力的高中生物理竞赛，每年有超过一万名美国优秀高中生参加。
在“物理杯”中取得最优异成绩的美国学生，将有机会受邀参加美国国家物理奥林匹克夏令营、甚至进入美国物理竞赛国家队。
在比赛中获得高分者备受美国名校欢迎。
过去8年中，仅1名高中生在该竞赛中得到满分。
美国物理教师协会是美国唯一专注于普及与提升物理教育的学术机构，由8000名美国大学物理教授、中学资深物理老师和物理教育工作者组成。
其中一半成员是美国各名牌大学物理教授，约1/3成员是美国高中的有经验的物理老师。
协会每年都会通过会议、论坛、杂志、竞赛等方式为美国大学与高中物理教育提供最新的物理前沿思想与更丰富的物理教育资源。
“物理杯”全部试题均由AAPT协会注册的大学物理教授和教学经验丰富的高中物理老师组成理事会进行出题和审核。
从2014年9月起，“物理杯”由AAPT协会和英国素质发展认证中心（ASDAN）合作，首度引入大中华地区。
这次在大中华区（大陆及港澳台）设立了五个赛区，比赛高分者将备受美国名牌大学的欢迎及更多竞争优势。
1. 参赛费用每人250元人民币（含考试费用、国际邮寄费与历年考试真题资料费用）2. 报名时间2016年3月20日截止3. 考位分配每个考点的考位有限，报完截止。
本赛区学校同学可以选择不同考点的考位，但是不能够跨赛区选择考位4. 选择考题不需预先分组，所有参赛选手下发同样试卷。
在答题卡上选择A组同学，回答1至40题，AAPT自动对1至40题评分；如果选择B组同学，回答10至50题，AAPT自动对10至50题评分。
5. 考试语言英文6. 考试时间2016年4月09日（星期六）下午：14:00-14:45 （45分钟）7. 考试地点全国主要城市各考点（报名注册后可以查阅、选择和注册参赛考点）8. 参赛人员高中各个年级学生9. 比赛内容笔试，40道单选题10. 考题难度说明考题分为两套，高一学生（IB10年级，A-Level的G1年级部分优秀学生和G2年级）建议选择Division1考题，高二，高三学生（IB11-12年级，A-Level年级）选择Division2考题。