阅读补充材料
六年级英语阅读补充材料60篇
六年级英语阅读补充材料60篇Passage 1The traffic lights交通灯are the same in every country . There are three lights. They’re red, yellow and green. Red means意思是“Stop”. You mustn’t cross the road now. Yellow means “Wait”. You must wait for the green light. And green mean s “Go”. In China and the USA, drivers drive开车on the right side of右边the road. In England and Australia drivers drive on the left side of左边the road. If you go by car,by bike or on foot,you must know the traffic rules交通规则.阅读下列短文,根据短文的内容打“√”或者“×”( )1. There are three lights: red, yellow and green.( )2. Yellow light means “Go”.( )3. In China , drivers drive on the right side of the road.( )4. In England drivers drive on the right side of the road.( )5. If yo u go on foot, you mustn’t know the traffic rules.Passage 2阅读这封电子邮件, 完成下列表格Passage 3My name is Wu Bing. I’m eleven years old. I’m a good student. I live in China with my mum and my dad. I don’t have a sister or a brother. My mum is a teacher. She likes collectinting stamps. My dad is a TV reporter. He likes listening to music. He is good at playing the violin and writing emails. I enjoy playing football.阅读短文,完成下列信息Passage 4仔细看图,阅读短文,填入所缺单词place is in China. It’s famous forgrapes ,watermelons and pears. The fruit is veryjuicy果汁多and sweet. People there are veryfriendly. They like singing and dancing. Theplace is _______________2. There are a lot of beautiful parks in this city.You can go to the Great Wall and the SummerPalace. You can eat Beijing Duck. People allover the world visit the Great Wall . It is ourcapita l首都. It is ____________.3. Do you know th e big clock? It’s a famousclock. It’s big and tall. It’s in England. It’s_____________.4. It’s a big city in America. You can see theStatus of Liberty自由女神on the map. The cityis _______________.5. Animals are in Australia. They’re cute .They’re koala and ______________.Passage 5I’m a fireman. My name is Jim. I go to work atsix every morning. I don’’t have breakfast at home. My wife prepares准备eggs and bread for me. When you telephone 119, I will take the engine(装备) and get to the place. I can put out扑灭the fire. I like to help they like me. I’m very busy. I go home at about half past nine.仔细阅读,然后判断正T误F( ) 1. Jim is a fireman.( ) 2. He has breakfast at home.( ) 3. When somewhere某处is in fire, please telephone 911.( ) 4. The fireman can put out the fire.( ) 5. He goes home at eight.Passage 6Jane is a schoolgirl. She is fifteen. She lives with her parents and her grandfather. Her grandfather is seventy years old. He has got a backache背痛;腰痛. He needs to see a doctor. But Jane’s parents are very busy. Her father is a policeman. Her mother is a teacher. So Jane wants to go to hospital with her grandfather after school. She hopes希望her grandfather gets better soon.根据短文内容选择填空()1. What’s Jane’s job? A. A teacher B. A policewoman C. A student()2. How old is Jane? A. fourteen B. fifteen C. sixteen()3. --What’s wrong with her grandfather?--He’s got_____.A. a toothacheB. a backacheC. an earache()4. Her father is a _____ and her mother is a _____ .A. teacher, policewomanB. policeman, doctorC. policeman, teacher()5. Who needs to see a doctor? A. Jane B. Jane’s parents C. Jane’s gra ndfather Passage 7Liu Tao: Hi, Mike. Nice to see you.Mike: Nice to see you, too. Liu Tao.Liu Tao: What day is it today?Mike: It’s Thursday. What lessons do you have in this morning?Liu Tao: We have Maths, Chinese, Art, and Science.Mike: Oh, I like P E very much. But we don’t have PE today.Liu Tao: We have PE and Computer this afternoon.Mike: Great! Do you like PE?Liu Tao: No, I don’t. I like English very much. Tomorrow we will have an English lesson in the morning.Mike: It’s time for class. Let’s go!根据对话内容判断对错()1. It’s Tuesday today.()2. Liu Tao has PE in the afternoon.()3. Liu Tao has six lessons today.()4. Liu Tao doesn’t like English.()5. Liu Tao will have English an lesson on Friday morning.Passage 8My birdMy father gave me a bird. I put it into the cage笼子. I gave her some food. One morning she ran out of跑出来the cage. I couldn’t find her. I was sad and worried. I went into the kitchen厨房. What happened发生to my breakfast? Everything made a mess. Then I saw my bird. She was eating my breakfast. I put 放her into her home . She had a big breakfast. But I didn’t eat anything.看图阅读下列故事,选择填空1. My dad gave a _______ to me.A. dogB. catC. bird2. She ran out of the________ .B. nestC. home3. The ______ had a big breakfast.A .boy B. Dad C .bird4. I was sad and __________.A .angryB .worried C. happy5. I _______ find her.A .couldn’t B. can C. can’tPassage 9My name is Li Xiang. I live in Nanjing. I have a sister. Her name is Li Fang. We are in the same school. Look at this picture of our school. There’s a new music room on the second floor. It’s big. I like music very much. O n the first floor, there are two computer rooms. There are eighty computers in them. My sister likes playing computer games.阅读短文,回答问题1. Where does Li Xiang live? ____________________________________________________2. Who is Li Xiang’s sister?____________________________________________________3. Is there a big new music room in the school?_______________________________________4. How many computer rooms are there in the school?____________________________________________________5. What does Li Fang like doing?____________________________________________________Passage 10It is Sunday. The sun is shining. The White family is at home. Mrs White is in the kitchen. She is cooking. Mr White is sitting in a sofa and reading the newspaper. Tom and his friend Dick are cleaning the bicycle. Jane and her friend Mary are in Jane’s bedroom. They are listening to the radio.阅读后填空,每空一词1. Today is Sunday. It is a _____ day.2. Mrs White is _____ the kitchen.3. Tom and Dick are cleaning the ______________.4. Jane is in her ________. She is listening to the radio with her ________.Passage 11My name is Jack. I live in my school. I don’t have a big room. I usually get up very late. My classes begin at nine. I don’t have breakfast in my room. I oft en eat breakfast in a small restaurant. I like to eat a big breakfast. I would like to have a glass of milk, some chicken, some fish and some bread. I don’t like coffee. After breakfast, I often have sports in the school.阅读理解,判断正“T”误“F”( ) 1. Jack lives in his school.( ) 2. Jack’s room is big.( ) 3. He eats breakfast in his room.( ) 4. He likes coffee in the morning.( ) 5. He always has sports after breakfast.Passage 12Alice is my new friend. She lives in father works in a school. He is a goes to work by bus. Her mother is a works in a hospital. She goes to work by and her sister are twins双胞胎. They look the same, but they are very different不同的. Alice goes to school by bike. But Ann goes to school on foot. Every evening Alice reads books. Ann watches cartoons卡通片on TV. Alice sometimes plays in the park on Sunday. Ann sometimes fly a kite.阅读短文,选择正确的答案( ) 1. ---Does Alice go to school by bus? --Yes, she _____ .A. doesB. doC. is( ) 2. ---Does her father work in a hospital? --No, he _____.A. doesB. doesn’tC. don’t( ) 3. ---Who goes to work by bus? --- ______ goes to work by bus.A. dadB. mumC. Alice( ) 4. ---Does Ann go to school on foot? ---______, she does.A. YesB. NoC. yes( ) 5. ---Does Alice read in bed? --- _____, she doesn’t.A. YesB. NoC. noPassage 13I met Darning here in New York.I’ve got long,red hair and blue eyes.I like Chinese food and I’ve got some Chinese chopsticks.But they are very difficult for me.My brother has got a Chinese kite:It is a very big bird.Do Chinese children play with kites a lot? I am from New York.It’s a very big city.Have you got a book about America? Please write and 1 will answer your questions about America.From,Laura阅读短文,判断正T误F()1.Laura likes Chinese food.()2.Her brother has got some Chinese chopsticks.()3.She has got a Chinese kite.It is a big bird.()4.Laura is an English girl.()5.Laura has got long,red hair and blue eyes.Passage 14It is Saturday. The Browns are at home. Mrs Brown is in the kitchen厨房. She’s making apple pies饼. The pies are very delicious. Do you want to eat?Mr Brown isn’t in t he living room. He is outside外面. He is washing his car. The car is new and very beautiful. So he looks after it very well. Jim is in the garden. He is playing football with some other其他的boys. Where is his sister,Sue?She’s in her bedroom with her friend,Ann. They are watching the Animal World.阅读理解,选择填空()1. There are _____ people in Mr Brown’s family.A sixB fourC twoD three()2. Mrs Brown is ____.A tasting the apple piesB watching TVC cookingD eating a cake()3. Mr Brown looks after _____very well.A Mrs BrownB his daughterC his familyD his car()4. Who are playing outside? _____A Mrs Brown and SueB Some boysC Sue and AnnD Some girls()5. Sue and Ann are ____.A watching TV in the living roomB playing football in the open airC watching TV in Sue"s roomD playing in Ann"s roomPassage 15Poor 可怜的Man!Look at this man. What is he doing? He’s carrying搬a very big box. The box is full of(充满) big apples. He wants to put it on the back of his bike自行车后面and take it home. Can he do that? No, I don’t think so. Why not? Because(因为) the box is too ful l(满) and too heavy(重). Look! What’s wrong? He drops掉the box. Poor man!仔细阅读,在下列句子前写上T(对)或F(不对)( )1. The box is not very big. ( )2. The box is full of apples.( )3. He puts the apples in the bag. ( )4. He can carry the box home.阅读短文,选择正确的答案( )1. What is the man doing? He is _________.A. eating some applesB. carrying a boxC. riding a bikeD. making a box( )2. What’s in the box?A. Some books.B. Some bikes.C. Some apples.D. Some boxes.( )3. Can he carry the box?A. Yes, he can.B. Yes, he is.C. No, he can’t.D. No, he isn’t.( )4. Is the box full满的or empty空的?A. Yes, it is.B. No, it isn’t.C. It’s empty.D. It’s full.Passage 16阅读短文,仿照Lucy一天的活动卡将爸爸的活动记录在卡片上I’m Lucy. I get up at eight every morning . I go to school at nine.School begins at ten. I have four calsses in the morning. I have lunchat two o’clock. I have two classes in the afternoon. I get home at seven .I have dinner at about eight. After dinner, I do my homework. Then Iwatch TV at half past nine. I go to bed at10:00.My father gets up at 7:30 . He goes to work at 8:30. He begins towork . He has meals in the office at 2:00. He often meets scientistsin the afternoon. He goes home at 9:00. He reads newapaper at10:00. He stays up very late in the evening.Passage 17 A new studentKate is a new student. She is twelve. She is from America. She can speak English very well and she can speak a little Chinese. She is in Nanjing. Her parents are doctors. Kate is studying in a school near her home. She has classes from Monday to Friday. On Saturdays and Sundays, she often plays games with her Chinese friends. She loves China and her Chinese friends.A.阅读短文,选择正确答案( )1. Kate’s hometown家乡is in England.( )2. Her father is not a doctor.( )3. Her school is not far from her home.( )4. There aren’t any lessons from Monday to Friday.B. 阅读短文,选择正确的答案( )1. Kate is________.A. a new studentB. a Chinese girlC. a doctorD. a driver( )2. kate can _____________.A. speak a lot of ChineseB. speak English very wellC. speak a little JapaneseD. speak little English( )3. Kate often studies___________.A. from Monday to FridayB. in BeijingC. on Saturdays and SundaysD. at home( )4. Her parents _____________.A. are working in a schoolB. have classes on MondaysC. often play games with KateD. are doctorsPassage 18Can You Find Bob?Hello, Betty. Please meet Bob at the station车站at nine o’clock tomorrow morning. Go to the big clock. Carry a green bag and wear a white hat. He’s not very tall but quite fat. He has short black hair and brown eyes. He also has glasses眼镜. He likes wearing(穿) blue trousers and a red sweater. Can you find him, Betty?A. 仔细阅读,在句子前写上T或F( )1. Betty wants to find Bob at the station.( )2. Betty wears a green hat.( )3. Bob is tall and fat.( )4. Bob likes red trousers.B. 选择填空( )1. What time will Betty and Bob meet?A. At one o’clock.B. At nine o’clock tomorrow morning.C. At the station.D. Near the big clock.( )2. What colour are Bob’s eyes?A. Red.B. Blue.C. Green.D. Brown.( )3. Betty carries ___________.bag glasseswhite sweater black trousers( )4. Who likes wearing red sweaters?A. Bob.B. Betty.C. Yes, he is.D. No, he isn’t.Passage 19Tom is seven . He goes to school every day. The school is near his home . So he comes back home回家on time. But today he is late. His mother asks him, “Why are you late today?”“I’m in the headmaster’s office.”“Why do you go to the headmaster’s office?”“Because my teacher asks us a ques tion in class, and nobody没有人can answer it , but I can.” “It’s good to answer the teacher’s questions.”“But the question is ‘Who puts 放ink墨水on my chair?’”在A、B、C、D中选出一个最佳答案()1. Tom often goes back home _____.A. lateB. earlyC. on timeD. in time( ) can answer the teacher’s question.A. The headmasterB. Tom’s motherC. No oneD. Only Tom( ) puts _____ on the teacher’s chair.A. some inkB. some waterC. some paperD. a pencil( ) 4. The boy is very _____.A. niceB. kindC. happyD. naughty( ) 5. He goes to school on _____.A. footB. busC. bikeD. carPassage 20Sunday 1st, January SunnyThis morning , Mum and I went to the shop by bus. We sat at the back of the bus. Soon the bus stopped, then it started again. I saw a CD Walkman 光盘随身听on the seat座位. I asked a man in front of me. “Is it yours?” “No, it’s not mine.” Maybe也许it’s hers. He pointed to指向the woman . “Is it yours?” I asked the woman . “No, it’s not mine.”“Whose CD Walkman is it ?” I asked.Nobody没有人answered. I walked to thedriver and asked him to take it to thepolice station公安局.选择正确的答案填空1._________ went to the shop by bus.A WhoB Mother and IC Aunt and I2. I saw a CD Walkman ________ the seat座位.A underB nearC on3. Is it yours? No, it’s not ________.A myB IC mine4. Maybe it’s the woman’s. It’s ________.A hersB sheC her5. ________ CD Walkman is it ?A WhoseB whoC WhatPassage 21 The parkThere is a new park near my house. It’s a fine day today. My family and I are in the park now. On my left左边, there is a cafe咖啡馆. On my right右边, there is a big lake. There are many fiowers and trees near thelake. There’s a small hill behind the lake. Near the lake, there is a sign标牌. It says,“Don’t swim in the lake!” There is a playground in the middle of在中间 the park.There are some small shops near the gate. The park is so beautiful. We like it verymuch.阅读短文,选择正确答案( )1. The park near my house is _____.A. new and beautifulB. old and beautifulC. clean and newD. old and clean( )2. Is there a cafe in the park? ______A. Yes, there isn’t.B. No, there isn’t.C. Yes, there is. , there is.( )3. Peopie can’t _______in the lake.A. swimB. fishC. boat( )4. The shops in the park are not _______A. smallB. bigC. good( )5. -Do we like the park? -________A. Yes, we do. ,we do., you do. D. No,we don’tPassage 22Hi, I am Susan. I am from the .(英国). But now I’m in China. I’m going to do many things(事情) in the winter holiday寒假. First, I’m going to finish my homework. Then I’m going to take a trip旅行. I’m going to Beijing. It’s snowy in Beijing. There is white snow everywhere (到处). So I’m goin g to make a snowman. I canski滑雪. My parents will come to China and go with me. We are going to fly there. We are going to have a nice trip度过一个愉快旅途.阅读短文,判断正T误F( )1. Susan is from China .( )2. Now Susan is in England( )3. There is white snow everywhere in China.( )4. Susan is going to play with the snow in Beijing.( )5. They are going to Beijing by planePassage 23Jim lives in a city with his wife. He is a car designer(设计者). He works in a car company公司. It is not far from his home, so he goes to work on foot every day. His wife妻子is a worker. she works in a factory. It’s far from her home. She goes to work by car. When she drives the car, she is very careful小心. When the light is red, she stops. When the light is yellow, she waits. The light is green, she goes. She always says that we must obey the traffic rules.交通规则阅读短文,判断对错,对写“T”错写“F”( ) 1. Jim and his wife live in a city( ) 2. His wife is a worker.( ) 3. Jim goes to work by car.( ) 4. Jim’s wife goe s to work by car.( ) 5. We must obey the traffic rules.Passage 24阅读班规和家规,判断下列行为哪些符合规则哪些违背了规则,用should, shouldn’t填空1.We ___________keep our room clean.2.We _____________ hand in our homework on time.3.You___________ read in bed.4.You _____________ make noise in class.5.You___________ watch TV the whole evening.Passage 25A: Hi, Ann. Who is your good friend?B: Bill is my good friend.A: What does he look like?B: He is tall. His hair is black.A: What is he like?B: He is friendly.A: What is he good at?B: He is good at English.A: What’s his hobby?B: His hobby is swimming.阅读对话,根据对话内容填写单词Bill is Ann’s good . He is . His hair is . He is good at4. ___________. He likes5. ____________.Passage 26Lisa’s birthday is on O ctober 20th. She invites 邀请her friends to come to her home. They’re going to celebrate庆祝her birthday.The doorbell门铃rings. Her friends all come. Here comes her first present. Then the second, third,fourth, fifth to Lisa. She is happy to open the box. Wow five cute dogs. She loves them very much.The birthday party begins. First they light the candles点亮蜡烛on the cake and sing the birthday song.Lisa makes a wish and then she blows out吹灭the candles. After that, Lisa cuts the cake and they eat the cake. They have a good time.根据理解,请你给下列句子用A, B, C, D, E排序( )1. Cut the cake. ( )2. Make a wish.( )3. Blow out the candles. ( )4. Light the candles and sing the birthday song.( )5. Eat the cake.Passage 27January 1st is called New Year’s Day. The Spring Festival is in January or February. Everyone in China eats dumplings. Tree Planting Day is On March 12th. Children plant trees. Easter is in March or April. Children get colourful Easter eggs on a Suanday. The first day of June is Children’s Day. In July and August students have their summer holiday暑假. Mid-Autumn Festival is in September or October. We look at the moon. We eat mooncakes at home. China’s National Day is on October 1st. In America ,Thanksgiving Day is on the 4th Thursday of Novermber. They eat turkey火鸡and pumpkin pie南瓜饼. Christmas is on December 25th. Children get the presents from Santa Claus .根据短文内容,请将下列节日翻译成中文1. Spring Festival ________________ ( 一月或者二月)2. Children’s Day ___________________ (六月一日)3. Mid-Autumn Festival ______________ (九月或者十月)4. Thanksgiving Day _____________________________ (十一月的第4个星期四)5. Christmas ____________________ (十二月二十五日)请你给1—12个月排序December, October, January, February, June, July, September, March,April, August, May. NovemberJanuary ____________, _________ April ____________ June ,July, August , September ,______ , November __________Passage 28阅读下列对话,分别填出Peter和Bob相同的爱好和不同爱好Bob: Do you like toy cars?Peter: Yes, my hobby is fishing. What’s your hobby?Bob: I’m interested in fishing, too.Peter: We have the same hobby.Bob: What are you good at?Peter: I’m good at reading and singing.Do you enjoy them?Bob: No, I don’t. I enjoy playing footballand raising animals.Peter: What do you like eating?Bob: I like eating bananas.What about you ?Peter: Me, too.Passage 29Seasons in CanadaI love summer! In summer , it is very hot. I can swim in the sea大海. Spring is beautiful, but it often rains in Canada. And it is hard很难to plant the plowers. I love my garden. I watch the flowers in it. In autumn I can pick apples. They are so delicious美味可口in the autumn. I also也watch the leaves fall树叶落下来. Is that why we can call autumn“fall”? It’s snowy in winter in Canada. It snows in Xinjiang , too. When it snows. I can make a snowman. I can play with the snow. I love all the seasons.判断正误Yes No1. Summer is very hot. _______ ______2. I can’t swim in the sea. _______ _______3. It’s easy to plant trees in s pring. _______ _______4. In autumn I can pick apples. _______ _______5. It’s snowy in winter in Canada and China, ______ _______Passage 30It’s a fine day. Toaday is Sunday. Tom gets ____1___ early. He has breakfast ____2___ seven. Then he ______3_____his homework and plays computers games. After lunch, his friend comes to see him. Then they go ____4_____ in the park. He goes ___5____ at 7:30. He goes to bed at 9:30. Tom’s Sunday is a busy忙碌day.完型填空( ) 1. A. up B. down C. on( ) 2. A. in B. at C. about( ) 3. A. do B. Does C. does( ) 4. A. fish B. fishing C. to fish( ) 4. A. school B. home C. parkPassage 31The policemen are looking for寻找Jones. They can’t findhim.But you find his baggage行李in a small hotel旅馆.Look at his baggagecarefully. What can you tell the policeman about Jones?Where did he go?---He went to Japan and Shanghai. How did he go there?---By plane. What did he do there? --- He bought买somepresents礼物.Name Age年龄Place地方How Actives活动bought some presents Passage 32It was Saturday. I got up early. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time. I looked out of the window. It was dark黑暗outside. “What a day!” I thought想. “It’s raining again.” Just then, the phone rang. It was my aunt Lisa. “Let’s go to the park,” she said.“But I’m still having breakfast,” I said.“Dear me,” she said. “Do you always get up so late? It’s one o’clock!”阅读短文,判断正T误F1. ( )The man gets up early on Saturdays.2. ( )It was a beautiful day last Saturday.3. ( )It was raining outside.4. ( )Lisa is his aunt’s name.5. ( )The man was having breakfast then.Passage 33My name is Lily. This is my house. There are five rooms in my house. This is my father and mother’s room. T here are three pictures on the wall. There is a desk near the window. There aretwo chairs behind在……后面the desk. On the left of the room, there is a toilet厕所.On the right, it’s my room. There are four pictures and a post海报 on the wall.阅读短文,判断对,对写R错写W( )1. This is Lily’s house.百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我11( )2. There are four rooms in the house.( )3. There are three pictures in Lily’s room.( )4. There are two chairs and a desk in father and mother’s room.( )5. The toilet is on the left of my father and mother’s room.Passage 34Hi, I’m Wu Yifan. I’m going to have a busy weekend! On Saturday, my father is going to buy some newspapers报纸. My mother is going to go shopping . I’m going to visit my friend,Mike. On Sunday,my father is going to read a magazine杂志. My mother is going to watch TV. I’m going to the bookshop . I’m going to buy some books. After that we are going to the cinema.阅读短文,判断对错,对的打√错的打×( ) 1. Wu Yifan’s father is going to buy a dictionary on Saturday.( ) 2. His mother is going to go shopping on Sunday.( ) 3. Wu Yifan is going to visit his friend on Sunday.( ) 4. His mother is going to watch TV on Saturday.( ) 5. Wu Yifan is going to buy some books on Sunday.Passage 35It’s a hot day. Mrs Brown is walking by the sea在海边. Shesees a green bottle.She t akes拿起the bottle瓶子. She shakes摇晃it.A little man with gold金色hat comes out. He says,“Thank you for helping救me! I give you two wishes愿望. ”Mrs Brown says, “I’m hungry. I wish fo r希望得到a big dinner.” Then she sees beef and chicken.Mrs Brown says, “I wish for a dog.” She s ees a dog.根据故事的内容,选择正确的答案( ) 1. ---Where is Mrs Brown walking? ---She is walking by the _____.A. lakeB. seaC. river( ) 2. ---Does she see a red bottle? ---No, ________________.does B. she doesn’t C. she isn’t( ) 3. –What food does she see? --- She sees ____________.A. beef and meatB. chicken and porkC. beef and chicken( ) 4. How many wishes does man give her? ---________ .A. threeB. TwoC. two( ) 5. –What food does she see? --- She sees ____________.A. catB. duckC. dogPassage 36阅读短文,选择正确答案百度文库- 让每个人平等地提升自我12 I often get up at 6:00 in the morning. I have breakfast at 6:30. I usually go to school at 7:00. Our classes beginat 8:20 a.m.. I often have Chinese,Maths,English in the morning. I have lunch at 12:00. I have other其它的three lessons in the afternoon. I’m very happy at school. At about 4:30 , I go home. I have dinner at 6:00 . I often watch TV at 7:00. I like “Animal World” very much. I go to bed at 8:30.Activities活动Time时间get uphave breakfastgo to schoolhave lunchgo homehave dinnerwatch TVgo to bedPassage 37andMr. Cow: Hello, Mr. Pig. Why are you sad?Mr. Pig: Everybody likes you, but nobody likes always say,“How nice the cow is!”Mr. Cow: Yes. Maybe I give you milk and cream奶油.Mr. Pig: I give more. Bacon(咸肉), pork(猪肉),ham(火腿)and ……But they don’t like me,why?Mr. Cow: Maybe也许you’re too fat. You should do morning exercises everyday.Mr. Pig: Oh,no……阅读短对话,选择正确答案1. Mr. Pig is ___________ . A. happy B. angry C. sad2. The cow give us _______ and cream. A. milk C. pork3. The pigs give us bacon, pork and _________ . A. cream B. milk C. ham4. Mr. Pig can’t do ________________ everyday.A. his homeworkB. morning exercises washing5. Mr. Pig is too ________ . A. big B. thin C. fatPassage 38On Christmas morning, children like to get up early to find the presents in the stockings(长统袜)or under the Christmas trees. On Christmas Day, Mike got up at six twenty. He quickly快速put on the clothes and looked for his present in the stocking. “Wow, what a lovely toy dog! I like it very much.” He said happily. Then he ran down to the ground floor to see what’s in the box. He shook(摇)the box and listened. His sister, Nancy came to him, “Oh, Mike, you are taking my present.” “What? Open it and have a look!” Then they opened the box, a pretty dress in it. Mike looked around, and he saw another另一个box for him under the tree.阅读短文,选择正确答案( )1. Mike got up at __________.A. twenty to sixB. twenty past sixC. six( )2. The lovely dog was for ___________.A. NancyB. Nancy’s sisterC. Nancy’s brother( )3. The pretty dress was for ___________.A. MikeB. Mike’s sisterC. Mike’s brother( )4. Mike got ___________ presents from his family.A. only oneB. twoC. three( )5. What’s in the box for Mike?A. A toy dog.B. A s kateboard.C. Sorry, I don’t know.Passage 39阅读这封信的内容Read and circle.1. Tom is from America. T F2. He can speak Chinese. T F3. He likes playing computer games. T F百度文库- 让每个人平等地提升自我4. He wants to go Australia by ship. T F5. He sends e-mails to his friends twice a week. T FPassage 40 Cutting the CakeDick is seven years old. His sister is five. Today their mother takes them to their grandma’s house. Then mother goes out. The children play outside. After an hour一个小时之后, grandma takes Dick into the kitchen. She gives him a cake and a knife小刀and says, “Like a gentleman绅士, give the bigger cake to the othe别人.” Dick thinks about考虑了一下. He says to Mary, “You cut this cake, Mary.”仔细阅读,在下列句子前写上T(对)或F(不对)()1. Mary is seven years old.()2. Dick and Mary go to their grandma’s house today.()3. Dick wants to cut the cake.()4. Dick does like像 a gentleman.()5. Grandma give Dick a cake and a knife.Passage 41Thanksgiving is in November in America. Families are together. They have a big dinner. They say thank you for all the good things . They eat turkeys火鸡and pumpkin pies南瓜饼. They have a lot of fun .阅读理解,选择正确答案( ) 1. When is Thanksgiving? ---It’s in ___________.A. OctoberB. NovemberC. June( ) 2. What do families do? --- Families _________together.A. getB. isC. am( ) 3. What do they eat?---- They eat __________.A. moon cakesB. dumplingsC. turkeys and pumpkin pies( ) 4. Do they have a good time?-----Yes, they ______.A. doB. didC. don’t( ) 5. They have a _______ dinner.A. smallB. prettyC. bigPassage 42The Spring Festival is a Chinese festival. It is in January or in February. Before之前the festival comes, people clean their houses and go shopping. Children are happy. Because they will have new clothes and lucky money. Families usually通常get together团聚在一起and have a big dinner together. Then they watch TV and make dumplings. When twelve o’clock comes, people welcome迎接New Year.判断下列句子的对错,对的用“√”表示,错的用“×”表示( ) 1. The Spring Festival is in June. ( ) 2. Children will have lucky money.( ) 3. Families are usually together . ( ) 4. They watch TV and make zongzi粽子.( ) 5. People welcome Tree Planting Day.Passage 43A: Can you tell me about Christmas?B: Yes. It’s a very important重要的festival in many countries国家.A: When is Christmas? Do you know?B: It is on the 25th of 1 .A: What do people put in their homes?B: People put Christmas 2 in their homes.A: What can you see in the streets and shops?B: I can see 3 in the streets and shops.A: What do people give?B: They give 4 .A: What do people send?B: They send 5 .阅读理解,完型填空( ) 1. A. December B. November C. February ( ) 2. A. tree C. trees( ) 3. A. moon cakes B. sweets C. lights ( ) 4. C. flowers13。
三年级英语阅读 (2)
三年级英语阅读补充材料30篇Passage1TomandJohnaregoodfriends.To mis12.Johnis13.Theyaregoodstu dents.Theylikehamburgers.Miss WhiteistheirEnglishteacher.阅读短文,判断正(T)误(F)()1.TomandJohnaregoodfriends. ()2.Tomis12. ()3.Johnis12.()4.Theylikeeggs.Passage2Hi,mynameisTom.I’m9.IlikeE nglishverymuch.MysisterisAmy. She’s5.Myfatheris39.Mymother is37.Theyloveme.Ilovemyfamily .阅读理解并选择合适的选项()1.Mynameis_______.A.AmyB.Tom()2.Mysisteris______.A.9B.5 ()3.Mymotheris_______.A.39B.37()4.Ilike_______.A.EnglishB.ChinesePassage3Ihaveafriend,Kate.She’sagirl .She’s American.(美国人)Herfatherisateacher.Hermothe risanurse.(护士)阅读理解并选择合适的选项()1.Kateisa.A.boyB.girl()2.She’s.A.AmericanB.China ()3.Herfatherisa.A.teacherB.nurse ()4.Hermotherisa.A.teacherB.nursePassage4Hello.I’mTom.I’matthezoo(动物园).Lookatthetiger.Thisisasmal ltiger.Ithasalongnose.Who’ssin gingOh,it’sthebirdinthetree.阅读短文,判断正(T)误(F)()1.I’matthezoo.()2.Thisisabigtiger.()3.Ithasalongnose.()4.Thebirdintheskyissinging.Passage5Ihaveapencilbox.It’sblue.The rearelotsofthingsinit.Ihaveapen .It’sredandlong.Ilikeit.Ihavet hreepencils.Theyareshort.Ihavea ruler.It’sbig.Ihaveaneraser.It ’ssmall.阅读理解并选择合适的选项()1.Thepencilboxis_____.A.blueB.red ()2.Thepenis______.A.yellowB.red()3.Ihave______pencils.A.3B.2()4.Thepencilsare_______.A.shortB.long()5.Theeraseris_______.A.bigB.smallPassage6 Ihaveacat.Itisalovely(可爱的)cat.HernameisDongdong.Herfur (毛)isblackandwhite.Sheismybestfrie nd.Ilikeherverymuch.Ioftentells tories(故事)toher.根据短文内容判断正(T),误(F)()1.Ihaveadog.()2.HernameisTom.()3.Sheismybestfriend.()4.Idon’tlikeher.()5.Ioftentellstoriestoher.Passage7MynameisJim.Igetupat7:30every day.Idomyhomeworkat8:30.IwatchT Vat11:30.Igoshopping(购物)at2:00.Iplaycomputergames(玩电脑游戏)at7:00.Igotobedat10:00. 填空1.Igetupat______everyday.2.Idomyhomeworkat______.3.IwatchTVat______.4.Igoshoppingat______.5.Igotobedat_______.Passage8I'mDaming.IliveinChina.Ilikes wimming,readingbooks,cooking(烹饪),watchingTV,listeningtomusi candridingbikes(骑车).Tellmesomethingaboutyou:what'syourhobby(爱好)判断正误,正(T),误(F)()1.I’mLingling.()2.IliveinAmerica.()3.Ilikeswimming.()4.Idon’tlikewatchingTV.Passage9看图回答下列问题,用数字作答1.______balls.2.______dogs.3.______birds.4.______trees.Passage10 Ilikeanimalsverymuch,myfavorite animalisdog,butmymotherdoesnotlik edogs,shelikescatsbest,sowehaveacat named(名字叫)iisverylovelybutsometimes (有时)itmakesmeangry(生气的),soIdonotlikeit.判断正误,正(√),误(×)()1.Idonotlikeanimals.()2.WehaveadognamedMili. ()3.Mymotherlikescats.()4.Ilikecats,too.()5.IdonotlikeMili.Passage11 Passage12Tom:Look.I’mshortand fat. Jerry:Ha,ha!I’mshortandfat,too.Tom:Howoldareyou?Jerry:I’mnine.Howaboutyou Tom:I’meight.判断对错,正(√),误(×)()1.Tomisshortandfat.()2.Jerryisthin.()3.Tomiseight. ()4..Jerryisnine.GaoWei:Hello!Kate:1GaoWei:Myname’sGaoWei. Kate:2GaoWei:3Kate:Gladtomeetyou,too. 选词填空,把对话补充完整()1.A.Hi!B.Goodmorning!()2..A.Myname’sKate.B.I’mGaoWei.()3.A.HowareyouB.Gladtomeetyou.Passage13LiYan:Hello,Peter.Isthispenci lPeter:,itisn’t.Maybe(可能)it’sTom’s.LiYan:Hello,Tom.Isthisyourpen cilTom:Yes.Thank.LiYan:That’s.选词填空(请注意在横线上填A或B序号)1.A.youB.your2.A.Yes.B.No.3.A.youB.your4.A.OKB.okPassage14Hi,myfriends!Thisismyroom.It ’sverysmall.Thewalls(墙)areyellow.Thedoorispink.Thewi ndowisorange.Thedeskispurple.Thereisapictureonthewall.Ilik eitverymuch.根据你所看到的短文内容填写单词1.Thewindow_______green.2.Thewallsare_________.3.Thisismy_________.Passage15Ihaveafriend.Hehasbigeyesan dshortblackhair.Heistall.Heli kesplayingonthecomputer(计算机).Helikesapples.Hisfavourit e(喜欢的)foodishamburger.根据短文判断对(√)错(×) ()1.Hehassmalleyes.()2.Helikesplayingonthecomput er.()3.Hisfavouritefoodisnoodles .Passage16Amy:Sam,Let’sgotoschool. Sam:OK.Let’sgo.Butwhere’smypencil-boxAmy:Whatcolourisyourpencil-bo xSam:Blueandwhite.Amy:Look!It’soverthere,onthe desk.Sam:Thankyou.根据短文判断对(√)错(×) ()1.SamandTomgotoschool.()2.Samhasablueandwhitepencil-box. ()3.Thepencil-boxisonthedesk.Passage17Sam:Thisismybrother.Amy:What’shisnameSam:HisnameisBob. Amy:Hi,Bob.Nicetomeetyou. Bob:Nicetomeetyou,too. Amy:Howoldareyou?Bob:I’mfive.阅读理解并选择合适的选项1.BobisSam’s_________.A.sisterB.brother2.Bobisa__________A.boyB.girl3.Bobis______yearsold.A.threeB.five.Passage18Myfavouritesport(运动)isbasketball.Ilikebasketba ll.Somyfriendsliketoplaybaske tballwithme.Soweareveryhappy. Doyouliketoplaybasketball阅读短文,判断下列句子正(T)误(F)()1.Myfavouritesportisfootbal l.()2.Iplaybasketballverywell. ()3.Myfriendsdon’tliketoplaywithme.Passage19Lucy:Hi,Andy.Ihaveatoy(玩具)car.Andy:ReallyWhatcolourisit Lucy:White.Andy:Good.Ihaveatoybus.It’sy ellow.Lucy:Let’splaytogether.OK Andy:Goodidea. 判断下列句子正(√)误(×) ()1.Andyhasatoycar.()2.Andy’stoybusisyellow. ()3.Lucyhasatoycar.()4.Lucy’stoycariswhite.Passage20Lookatthephoto.Themaniniti smyuncle.HeisMrLi.Heworksinourschool.Heteaches(教)usEnglish.Thewomanishiswife (妻子).She’sadoctor.根据短文填空1.The_____initismyuncle.2.HeisMr____.3.Heworksinour____.4.Heteachesus_____.5.Thewomanishis_____.Passage21Ihavemanytoys.Myfavourite(最喜欢的)toyisadoll.Itisverynice.It hasredhair.Ithasbigeyesandasm allmouth.Itwears(穿)agreendress.Igotosleep(睡觉)withiteverynight.Ilikeitverym uch.判断下列句子正(√)误(×)()1.Ihaveatoy.()2.Myfavouritetoyisadoll. ()3.Ithasyellowhair.()4.Itwearsagreendress. ()5.Idon’tlikeit.Passage22Hi,I’mPeter.I’mapupil.I’m tenyearsold.Ioftengoswimmingatt heweekend(周末).IhaveChinesea ndMathsatschooltoday.Ihaveabrother,Ben.He’seight. Heoftengoesswimmingattheweekend. HehasPE,MusicandChinesetoday.We arehappyatschool.判断下列句子正(√)误(×)()1.Peterissixyearsold.()2.Peteroftengoesswimmingattheweekend.()3.PeterhasMaths,MusicandChinesetoday.()4.Benoftengoesswimmingattheweekend.()5.Thereisawindownearthepiano.Passage23TomandJohnaregoodfriends.T omistwelve(12)yearsold.Johnisthirteen(13)yearsold.Theyaregoodstudents (学生).Theyliketoeathamburgers. MissWhiteistheir(他们的)Englishteacher.Shelikesthe mverymuch.判断下列句子正(√)误(×)()1.TomandJohnaregoodfriends.()2.Tomistwelveyearsold.()3.Johnistwelveyearsold. ()4.Tomlikestoeathamburgers. ()5.MissWhitethinks(认为)theyaregoodstudents.Passage24MynameisSusan.Todayismybirth day(生日).Myfriendsgive(给)meatoypla ne,atoytrainandatoyship.Mymumgi vesmeabigyellowball,mydadgivesm eateddybear(玩具熊)andasmalldoll.Wedanceandsing(又唱又跳).Whatahappyday!判断下列句子正(√)误(×)()1.TodayisSusan'sbirthday. ()2.Susan'smumgivesherabigcake. ()3.Susan'sfriendsgiveherabigdo ll.()4.Susan'sdadgivesherateddybearandasmalldoll.()5.Theydanceandsing. Passage25TodayisSunday(星期天).OnSundays,Iusually(通常)playthepiano.Mymotherusuallycleansthehouse(房子).Myfatherusuallyreadsthen ewspaper(报纸).Mysisterusuallyreadsstor y-books(故事书).根据文章内容判断对(T)错(F)()1.Iusuallyreadthenewspaper. ()2.Mysisterusuallyreadsstor y-books.()3.Mymotherusuallyplaysthep iano.Passage26It’sasunny(晴朗的)day.LiYanandIgotothezoo.We seemanyanimals(动物).WhatisitOh,atiger.Look,thelionsareunderthetree.Thebir dsareinthenest(窝).Thezooisveryclean(干净的).Wecannotseemosquitoes(蚊子).根据短文判断对(T)错(F)()1.LiYanandIgotothezoo.()2.Themonkeysareunderthetree .()3.Wecanseemosquitoesatthezo o.Passage27 Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.Look ,theboyisme.Mysisterisnextto(在…旁边)me.Theoldmanismygrandpa,theoldwomanismygrandma.Myfather isadoctor.MymotherisanEnglish teacher,shelovesherstudents. 阅读理解并选择合适的选项()1.Whoisnextto(在…旁边)me A.Mymother.B.Mysister.()2.Myfatherisa.A.teacher.B.doctor ()3.Mymotherisa.A.teacher.B.doctorPassage28clouds(云)arewhite.Thetreesaregreen.The flowers(花)areyellow.Thebiglake(湖)isblu e.Thereisapurplebikeunderatree.Somechildrenarerowingaboat (划船)onthelake.根据短文填词1.Thesunis________.2.Thetreesare________.3.The_______isblue.4.Thereisapurple________under atree.5.Somechildrenare________aboaton thelake.Passage29 Ihaveahappyfamily(家庭).Myfatherisapoliceman(警察).Heistall.Helikestoplaybas ketball(篮球).Mymotherisateacher.Sheli kestowatchTVandreadbooks.Iamastudent.Iamaboy.Iamshort.Weli ketoeatnoodles(面条).Weareahappyfamily.阅读理解,判断对(T)错(F)()1.Myfatherisateacher.()2.Mymotherisapoliceman. ()3.Myfatheristall.()4.Myfatherlikestoplayfootba ll.()5.Iamastudent.Iamagirl. ()6.Iamshort.Passage30 Dalianisabeautifulcity(城市).Itisnearthesea.Theroads (路)areclean.Therearemanytreesandflowersatthesideoftheroad(路边).Theseaisblue.Manypeopleli keswimminginthesea.Doyouwantt ogothere阅读理解(阅读短文,选出与短文内容相符的选项,把它的编号写在左边的括号里)()1.Dalianisasmallcity.()2.Theroadsarewide(宽的). ()3.Itisnearthesea. ()4.Theseaisblue.()5.Manypeoplelikeswimminginthes ea.。
强化班补充材料
强化班补充材料雅思阅读补充材料T/F/NG 专项练习1.原文:It is almost impossible to write of the Arts in Australia without mentioning the building that first put Australia firmly on the world cultural map-the Sydney Opera House.题目:The Opera House drew world attention to the Arts in Australia.2.原文:The Opera House was designed not by an Australian but by a celebrated Danish architect, Jorn Utzon, whose design won an international competition in the late1950s. Its distinctive and highly original shape has been likened to everything fromthe sails of a sailing ship to broken eggshells, but few would argue with the claim thatthe Opera House is a major contribution to world architecture.题目:Utzon designed the roof to look like the sails of a sailing ship.3. 原文:Set amidst the graceful splendor of Sydney Harbour, presiding like a queen over thebustle and brashness of a modern city striving to forge a financial reputation in atough commercial world, it s a reminder to all Australians of their deep and abidinglove of all things cultural.题目:According to the author, Sydney is a quiet and graceful city.4. 原文:Utzon left the country before completing the project and in a fit of anger vowed never toreturn.题目:Utzon never returned to Australia to see the completed building.5. 原文:The Queen officially opened the building in 1975 and since the, within its curved andtwisted walls, audiences of all nationalities have been quick to acclaim the manyworld-class performances of stars from the Australian opera, ballet and theatre.题目:Australian artists give better performances in the Opera House.6. 原文:Chances are, if you live in a city, you have not seen one for some time. Even in wet areasonce teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy,hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom.题目:Frogs are disappearing only from city areas.7. 原文:All over the world, and even in remote parts of Australia, frogs are losing the ecologicalbattle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise.题目:Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.8. 原文:The danger is that planet Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological foodchain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilen t insects at manageable levels)…题目:Frogs are important in the ecosystem because they control pests.9. 原文:It exhibited some very strange behaviour; instead of giving birth to tadpoles in the water,it raised its young within its stomach. The baby frogs were actually born from out oftheir mother's mouth.题目:Frogs usually give birth to their young in an underwater nest.10. 原文:Unfortunately, this freak of nature is not the only frog species to have been lost in题目:Eight frog species have become extinct so far in Australia.11. 原文:Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breedingcycles of frogs.题目:It is a fact that frogs' breeding cycles are upset by worldwide in creases in temperature.12. 原文:Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often beencriticized by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computerusers.题目:The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.13. 原文:In fact, it would be true to say that both Australian Labor Party and the Liberal Partyconsist of conservative, moderate and radical elements, and therefore the generalpublic is often perplexed about which party to vote for.题目:Radical groups are only found within the Labor Party.14. 原文:Welfare societies tend towards bankruptcy unless government spending is kept incheck..题目:Welfare-based societies invariably become bankrupt.15. 原文:Thus, for instance, at the last election there was the No Aircraft Noise Party, popular incertain city areas, and the Green Party, which is almost solely concerned withenvironmental issues.题目:The No-Aircraft-Noise Party is only popular in the city.16. 原文:Nowadays, without a qualification from a reputable school or university, the odds oflanding that plum job advertised in the paper are considerably shortened.题目:It is impossible these days to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.17. 原文:It is no secret that competition is the driving force behind the need to obtainincreasingly higher qualifications. In the majority of cases, the urge to upgrade is nolonger the result of an insatiable thirst for knowledge.题目:Most people who upgrade their qualifications do so for the joy of learning.18. 原文:Naturally, although there is agreement that learning can cause stress, Gatsby'scomments regarding university standards have been roundly criticised as alarmist bymost educationists who point out that, by any standard of measurement, Australia'seducation system overall, at both secondary and tertiary levels, is equal to that of anyin the world.题目:Australia's education system is equal to any in the world in the opinion of most educationists.19. 原文:Wealthy parents have always been willing to spend the vast amounts of extra moneynecessary to send their children to schools with a perceived educational edge.题目:Some parents spend extra on their children's education because of the prestige attached to certain schools20.原文:For example, it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihoodof arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by thepolice. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes, still quite a rapid response, thelikelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.题目:A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.21. 原文:Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject todemand. Subject to availability, stand by tickets can be purchased from the driver.题目:Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent.22. 原文:In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palatesand pockets.题目:There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.23. 原文:Of the 26 species that are known to have become successful integrated into the local.题目:At least twenty-six of the introduced species have become established in Australia. 24. 原文:In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence isin fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most.题目:The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest.25. 原文:Los Angeles has some of the world’s cleanest cars-far better than those of Europe-but the t otal number of miles those cars drive continue to grow.题目:Residents of Los Angeles are now tending to reduce the yearly distances they travel by car.26. 原文:According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying thework wear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22% account for 85% of totalsales-$380 million in 1994题目:Most businesses that supply company clothing are successful.27. 原文:Most people think of the cultures represented in the collection in terms of the absenceof advanced technology. In fact, traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth oftechnological ingenuity.题目:Traditional societies are highly inventive in terms of technology.28. 原文:Singapore has for a while had a scheme that forces drivers to buy a badge if they withto visit a certain part of the city. Singapore is advancing in this direction, with acity-wide network of transmitters to collect information and charge drivers as theypass certain points. When the local government in Cambridge, England, consideredintroducing Singaporean techniques, it faced vocal and ultimately successfulopposition.题目:Charging drivers for entering certain parts of the city has been successfully done in Cambridge, England.29. 原文:With declining birthrates and an anticipated shortage of new entrants to thework force, early retirement will become an issue for organizations toexplore in more detail .题目:Organizations need to examine in more detail the effects of a declining birthrate 30. 原文:They hunted by preference whales ,walruses, caribou and seals, although polar bears,birds and any other edible animal might be taken in a pinch, The Arctic has very littleedible vegetation, although Inuit did supplement their diet with seaweed.题目:Inuit hunters prefer to eat walruses and birds.Answer keys:1-10 T F F NG NG F T T NG F11-20 F F F F NG F F T NG T21-30 F NG T T F F T F F FList of Headings 补充练习Exercise 1Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.1. Section A2. Section B3. Section C4. Section D5. Section E6. Section F7. Section GUnderstanding Bee BehaviourAA bee’s brain is the size of a grass seed, yet in this tiny brain are encoded some of the most complex and amazing behavioural patterns witnessed outside humankind. For bees are arguably the only animals apart from humans which have their own language. Earlier this century Karl V on Frisch, a professor of Zoology at Munich University, spent decades of “the purest joy of discovery” unraveling the mysteries of bee behaviour. For his astonishing achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize and it is from His work that most of today’s knowledge of what bees say to each other derives.B.It started simply enough. Von Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup. Von Frisch realized that, in some way, messages were being passed on back at the hive, messages which said, ‘out there, at this spot, you’re going to find food.’CBut how was it happening? To watch the bees, V on Frisch constructed a glass-sided hive. He found that, once the scout bees arrived back at the hive, they would perform one of three dance types. In the first type, a returning scout scampered in circles, alternating to right and left, stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to the excited bees chasing after her. In the second dance, clearly and extended version of this round dance, she performed a sickle-shaped figure-of-eight pattern instead. In the third, distinctly different dance, she started by running a short distance in a straight line, waggling her body from side to side, and returning in a semi-circle to the starting point before repeating the process. She also stopped from time to time to give little bits of food to begging bees. Soon the others would excitedly leave the hive in search of food. Minutes later, many of them, marked by V on Frisch, could be seen eating at the bowls of sugar syrup.DExperimenting further, V on Frisch unraveled the mystery of the first two related types, the roundand the sickle dances. These dances, he concluded, told the bees simply that, within quite short distances of the hive there was a food source worth chasing. The longer and more excitedly the scout danced, the richer the promise of the food source. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this particular food was the one they were looking for. The others would then troop out of the hive and fly in spiraling circles ‘sniffing’ in the wind for the promised food.EAt first, Von Frisch thought the bees were responding only to the scent of the food. But what did the third dance mean? And If bees were responding only to the scent, how could they also ‘sniff down’ food hundreds of metres away from the hive, food which was sometimes downwind? On a hunch, he started gradually moving the feeding dish further and further away and noticed as he did so, that the dances of the returning scout bees also started changing. If he placed the feeding dish over nine metres away, the second type of dance, the sickle version, came into play. But once he moved it past 36 metres, the scouts would then start dancing the third, quite different, waggle dance.The measurement of the actual distance too, he concluded, was precise. For example, a deeding dish 300 metres away was indicated by 15 complete runs through the pattern in 30 seconds. When the dish was moved to 60 metres away, the number dropped to 11.FV on Frisch noted something further. When the scout bees came home to tell their sisters about the food source, sometimes they would dance outside on the horizontal entrance platform of the hive, and sometimes on the vertical wall inside. And, depending on where they danced, the straight portion of the waggle dance would point in different directions. The outside dance was fairly easy to decode: the straight portion of the dance pointed directly to the food source, so the bees would merely have to decode the distance message and fly off in that direction to find their food.GBut studying the dance on the inner wall of the hive, V on Frisch discovered a remarkable method which the dancer used to tell her sisters the direction of the food in relation to the sun. When inside the hive, the dancer cannot use the sun, so she uses gravity instead. The direction of the sun is represented by the top of the hive wall. If she runs straight up, this means that the feeding place is in the same direction as the sun. However, if, for example, the feeding place is 40° to the left of the sun, then the dancer would run 40° to the left of the vertical line. This was to be the first of von Frisch’s remarkable discoveries. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable discoveries. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behaviour.Answer Keys:1. Section A VI2. Section B IV3. Section C X4. Section D VIII5. Section E VII6. Section F II7. Section G VExercise 2Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of heading below. Write the appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes 12-16 on your answer sheet.2. Paragraph C3. Paragraph DPEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS: THE SELECTION ISSUEA In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 British companies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionally undertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguably organisations do fail because of undercapitalisation, poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc. Yet, conversely, organisations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen often underperform and fail to meet shareholders' expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainment of organisational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet and the "paper conversion" of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more complete explanation of "what went wrong" necessarily must consider the essence of what an organisation actually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, is people.B An organisation is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.C Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a particular organisational setting. The individual has to "fit" in with the work environment, with other employees, with the organisational climate, style or work, organisation and culture of the organisation. Different organisations have different cultures (Cartwright & Cooper, 1991; 1992). Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.D Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman areabout £ 20,000 (approx. US$ 30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organisational commitment and employee stress, which affect organisational outcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e. physical, psychological and mental well-being.E However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests, assessment centres etc., many organisations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial "accept" or "reject" decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better that more controversial methods like graphology and astrology. In times of high unemployment,! recruitment becomes a "buyer's market" and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s.F The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economic trends in the European community show that Europe's population is falling and getting older, The birth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacement of the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeans will be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the Community's female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% of all women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% of men.G The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make it increasingly important for organisations wishing to mainta in their competitive edge to be more responsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain and develop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity of work from home or job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting and retaining staff in the future.Questions 6-11Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2In boxes 17-22 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage6. Organisations should recognise that their employees are a significant part of theirfinancial assets.7. Open-structured 45 minute interviews are the best method to identify suitable employees.8. The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.9. Graphology is a good predictor of future fob performance.10. In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.11. In 2020, the percentage of the population under 20 will be smaller than now.1. IV2. VIII3. V4. III5. I6. YES7. NO8. NG9. NO 10. YES 11. YESSummary 补充练习Exercise AA commonly drawn distinction is between pre-history, i.e. the period before written record s- and history in the narrow sense, meaning the study of the past using written evidence. To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or without writing, the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenient dividing line that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no way lessens the importance of the useful information contained in oral histories.Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study, and since it deals with the human past, it is a historical discipline. But if differs from the study of written history in a fundamental way. The material the archaeologist finds does not tell us directly what to think. Historical records make statements, offer opinions and pass judgements. The objects the archaeologists discover, on the other hand, tell us nothing directly in themselves. In this respect, the practice of the archaeologist is rather like that of the scientist, who collects data, conducts experiments, formulates a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis against more data, and then, in conclusion, devises a model that seems best to summarise the pattern observed in the data. The archaeologist has to develop a picture of the past, just as the scientist has to develop a coherent view of the natural world.Complete the summary of the two paragraphs. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Much of the work of archaeologists can be done using written records but they find ___1_____ equally valuable. The writer describes archaeology as both a __2____ and a ___3_____. However, as archaeologists do not try to influence human behaviour, the writer compares their style of working to that of a ___4____.Exercise BA representative sample of language, compiled for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers. Its range and size are variable. Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature. The size of the corpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take up to several hours to provide an accurate transcription of a few minutes of speech. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast, corpora in major research projects can total millions of words. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of nativespeakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the paragraphA linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on ___5_____. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a ___6____. The length of time the process takes will affect the ___7____ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the ___8____ of those who speak the language concerned.Exercise CWe have found that the blind understand other kinds of visual metaphors as well. One blind woman drew a picture of a child inside a heart- choosing that symbol, she said, to show that love surrounded the child. With Chang Hong Liu, a doctoral student from China, I have begun exploring how well blind people understand the symbolism behind shapes such as hearts that do not directly represent their meaning.We gave a list of twenty pairs of words to sighted subjects and asked them to pick from each pair the term that best related to a circle and the term that best related to a square. For example, we asked: What goes with soft? A circle or a square? Which shape goes with hard?All our subjects deemed the circle soft and the square hard. A full 94% ascribed happy to the circle, instead of sad. But other pairs revealed less agreement: 79% matched fast to slow and weak to strong, respectively. And only 51% linked deep to circle and shallow to square. When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list, we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the consensus, assigning ‘far’ to square and ‘near’ to circle. In fact, only a small majority of sighted subjects-53%- had paired far and near to the opposite partners. Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do. Complete the summary below using words from the box.NB Y ou may use any word more than once.A set of word __9___ was used to investigate whether blind and sighted people perceived the symbolism in abstract __10___ in the same way. Subjects were asked which word fitted best with a circle and which with a square. From the _11___ volunteers, everyone thought a circle fitted ‘soft’ while a square fitted ‘hard’. However, only 51% of the __12__volunteers assigned a circle to __13__. When the test was later repeated with __14_volunteers, it was found that they madeExcersise A1. oral histories2. humanistic study3. historical discipline4. scientistExersise B5. frequency of usage6. particular linguistic feature7. size8. intuitionsExersise C9. pairs 10. shapes 11. sighted 12. sighted 13. deep 14. blind 15. similarMatching 补充练习Why some women cross the finish line ahead of menA Women who apply for jobs in middle or senior management have a higher success rate than men, according to an employment survey. But of course far fewer of them apply for these positions. The study, by recruitment consultants NB Selection shows that while one in six men who appear on interview shortlists get jobs, the figure rises to one in four for women.B The study concentrated on applications for management positions in the $ 45,000 to $110,000 salary range and found that women are more successful than men in both the private and public sectors. Dr Elisabeth Marx from London-based NB Selection described the findings as encouraging for women , in that they send a positive message to them to apply for interesting management positions. But she added, “We should not lose sight of the fact that significantly fewer women apply for senior positions in comparison with men.”C Reasons for higher success rates among women are difficult to isolate. One explanation suggested is that if a woman candidate manages to get on a shortlist, then she has probably already proved herself to be an exceptional candidate. Dr Marx said that when women apply for positions they tend to be better qualified than their male counterparts but are more selective and conservative in their job search. Women tend to research thoroughly before applying for positions or attending interviews. Men, on the other hand, seem to rely on their ability to sell themselves and to convince employers that any shortcomings they have will not prevent them from doing a good job.D Managerial and executive progress made by women is confirmed by the annual survey of boards of directors carried out by Korn/Ferry/Carre/Orban International. This year the survey shows a doubling of the number of women serving as non-executive directors compared with the previous year. However, progress remains painfully slow and there were still only 18 posts filled by women out of a total of 354 non-executive positions surveyed. Hilary Sears, a partner with Korn/Ferry, said , “Women have raised the level of grades we are employed in but we have still not broken through barriers to the top.”E In Europe a recent feature of corporate life in the recession has been the de-layering of management structures. Sears said that this had halted progress for women in as much as de-layering has taken place either where women are working or in layers they aspire to. Sears also noted a positive trend from the recession, which has been the growing number of women who have started up on their own.F in business as a whole, there are a number of factors encouraging the prospect of greater equality in the workforce. Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing. In addition a far greater number of women are now passing through higher education, making them better qualified to move into management positions.G Organisation such as the European Women’s Mangement development Network provide a range of opportunities for women to enhance their skills and contacts. Through a series of both。
三年级新补充读本
三年级新补充读本
三年级新补充读本可能是指针对小学三年级学生的阅读教材或阅读材料。
这些读本通常由教育主管部门或学校选定,旨在提高学生的阅读能力、词汇量和理解力,同时培养他们对阅读的兴趣。
在中国的教育体系中,除了正规的语文教科书外,学校可能会根据教学需要和学生的阅读水平,推荐或提供一些额外的阅读材料作为补充。
这些补充读本可能包括:
课外阅读书籍:故事书、科普书籍、童话、寓言等,这些书籍能够帮助学生拓宽知识面,增加阅读兴趣。
阅读练习册:包含各种阅读理解练习和活动,旨在提高学生的阅读技巧。
诗歌和古文选读:适合小学生阅读的诗歌和古文,以培养学生对文学的兴趣和感悟。
英语或其他外语阅读材料:如果学校有外语教学,可能会有相应的外语补充阅读材料。
电子阅读资源:随着信息技术的发展,一些学校也可能提供电子书或在线阅读平台作为补充资源。
这些补充读本通常会根据学生的年龄和认知水平进行分级,以确保内容的适宜性。
在家庭环境中,家长也可以为孩子选择适合的补充阅读材料,以促进孩子的阅读习惯和语言能力的提升。
大学英语(A)补充阅读材料
补充阅读材料Running your small business requires good staff. Once you find them, you don’t want to let them go elsewhere.During an employee’s time with a company, there are a number of forces that influence his or her behavior. I like to refer to them as “push” and “pull”. You’re either pushing an employee towards the door, or pulling them deeper into your organization.Suppose that you’ve made a good hire and you want to keep the employees, the trick is to recognize individual needs of employees and satisfy those needs, within reason, on order to keep pulling them away from the door. Even if you can’t pull them away from the door, at least don’t do things to push them out the door.Recognize that some employees will lose interest and need something fresh to keep their interest. If you can’t continually provide challenges, opportunities for promotion and other interesting and rewarding opportunities, then you’ll have some employees leave through no fault of your own,The important thing is to identify your key employees and make certain they are being treated well. Communicate with them on a regular basis to make certain that you understand what makes them behave in a particular way, and be aware of concerns they may have about job satisfaction.1. The autho r uses the word “push” (Para.2) to mean the force that ___________.A. makes employees satisfied with their workB. drives employees to work more efficientlyC. causes employees to leave their companyD. keep employees to remain in their company2. To keep your employees, you are advised to ___________.A. recognize and meet their needsB. identify and overcome their faultsC. offer them a salary as high as possibleD. provide them with a better working condition3. According to the passage, when is it possible for some employees to lose interest?A. They have no rewarding opportunities.B. The company is located in a remote area.C. They make a mistake in their workD. The company is not big enough for development4. How should you deal with your key employees according to the last paragraph?A. Make them behave well.B. Meet with them every day.C. Pay regular visits to their familyD. Make sure they are well-treated.5. The passage is mainly about____________.A. how to keep your employeesB. the importance of key employeesC. how to challenge your employeesD. the difference between “push” and “pull”答案: C A A D A。
17《黄果树瀑布》补充阅读材料
17《黄果树瀑布》补充阅读材料一、瀑布的形成瀑布,地质学上叫作跌水,是由地球内力和外力作用而形成的。
如断层、凹陷等地质构造运动和火山喷发等造成地表变化,流动的河水突然地、近于垂直地跌落,这样的地区就构成了瀑布。
瀑布表明河流的重大中断。
这种瀑布主要是以内力作用为主导因素而形成的。
另一种由流水的侵蚀和溶蚀等外力作用为主导因素而形成,如河床岩石软硬不一,较松软的岩石易被流水侵蚀掉,从而形成高低差异很大的地势差别成为瀑布。
此外,冰川对岩石的刨蚀也可造成瀑布。
在河流的时段内,瀑布是一种暂时性的特征,它最终会消失。
侵蚀作用的速度取决于特定瀑布的高度、流量、有关岩石的类型与构造,以及其他一些因素。
在一些情况下,瀑布的位置因悬崖或陡坎被水流冲刷而向上游方向消退;而在另一些情况下,这种侵蚀作用又倾向于向下深切,并斜切包含有瀑布的整个河段。
随着时间的推移,这些因素的任何一个或两个在起作用,河流不可避免的趋势是消灭任何可能形成的瀑布。
河流的能量最终将建造起一个相对平滑的、凹面向上的纵剖面。
甚至当作为河流侵蚀工具的碎石不存在的情况下,可用于瀑布基底侵蚀的能量也是很大的。
与任何大小的瀑布相关、也与流量和高度相关的特征性特点之一,就是跌水潭的存在,它是在跌水的下方,在河槽中掘蚀出的盆地。
在某些情况下,跌水潭的深度可能近似于造成瀑布的陡崖高度。
跌水潭最终造成陡崖坡面的坍塌和瀑布后退。
造成跌水的悬崖在水流的强力冲击下将不断地坍塌,使得瀑布向上游方向后退并降低高度,最终导致瀑布消失。
二、黄果树风景名胜区黄果树风景名胜区位于安顺以西45 公里,景区由黄果树大瀑布、天星景区、灞陵河峡谷等景点构成。
景区的中心是世界著名的黄果树大瀑布,高74 米,宽81 米,气势磅礴,宏大壮观。
明代地理学家徐霞客竭尽赞美之词:“一溪悬岛,万练飞空,捣珠崩玉,飞沫反涌,所谓‘珠帘钩不卷,匹练挂遥峰\'俱不足以拟其壮也”。
??“盖余所见瀑布高峻者有之,从无此阔而大者”。
英语专业阅读补充材料
A Fable for TomorrowThere was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midest of a checkerboard(西洋跳棋盘)of prosperous (繁盛的)farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards(围起来的果园).Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler`s eyes through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of dried weeds(杂草)rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout(鳟鱼)lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns.Then the strange blight(枯萎,荒芜)crept(匍匐,爬)over(偷偷袭近)the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell(咒语)had settled on the community: mysterious maladies(疾病) swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours.There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example, where had they gone? Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund(垂死的); they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds(猫雀), doves鸽, jays鸟, wrens鹪鹩, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.On the farms the hens brooded孵蛋, but no chicks hatched. The farmers complained that they were unable to raise any pigs --the litters were small and the young survived only a few days. The apple trees were coming into bloom but no bees droned嗡嗡among the blossoms, so there was no pollination (授粉) and there would be no fruit.The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered枯萎vegetation as though swept by fire. There, too, were silent, deserted by all living things. Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers no longer visited them, for all the fish had died.In the gutters沟under the eaves屋檐and between the shingles小圆石of the roofs, a white granular颗粒状powder still showed a few patches; some weeks before it had fallen like snow upon the roofs and the lawns, the fields and streams.No witchcraft, no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this stricken world. The people had done it themselves.Climate talks remain alive, but so do many obstaclesWashington Post Staff Writer Sunday, November 29, 2009By offering concrete emission targets last week, the United States and China have resuscitated global climate talks that were headed toward an impasse. But the details that have yet to be resolved -- including the money that industrialized countries would offer poorer ones as part of an agreement -- suggest a political deal remains a heavy lift for the 192 countries set to convene in Copenhagen in little more than a week.Negotiators aim to produce a blueprint for a legally binding international treaty that would replace the Kyoto Protocol when it expires in 2012 and govern individual countries' greenhouse gas emissions.Although the proposals from the world's two biggest greenhouse-gas emitters have boosted the prospects for a deal, they demonstrate something else as well: No one wants to shoulder the blame for failure at Copenhagen, even if it means the final outcome falls short of what many had envisioned a year or two ago. The U.S. pledge to cut its emissions by 2020 and China's offer to lower its carbon dioxide output relative to the size of its economy by the same date are more modest than what their negotiating partners had demanded.The fact that countries are defining their climate goals in varied ways -- including different baseline years and efficiency targets rather than absolute cuts -- makes it hard to assess their commitments. The United States has pledged cuts that are modest in the first decade but ambitious 15 and 20 years from now, while China has set a target that could amount to a meaningful reduction if the country's growth rate slows somewhat.Keya Chatterjee, the U.S. director for the World Wildlife Fund climate change program, likened the developments to "a phoenix . . . rising from the ashes." She added that, under a best-case scenario, "It's not a deal that's going to solve the problem of climate change a hundred percent. . . . But it is a deal that's going to create a foundation and an international architecture for resolving this issue over time."A senior Obama administration official offered a more cautious assessment: "There's a very real chance of getting this done, but hurdles remain."The biggest remaining obstacle is money, including how much the developed world will give developing nations to cope with the impact of global warming and to acquire technology to curb their emissions. The United States has not said how much it would pay into any global fund, which the Europeans have estimated would require at least $10 billion annually beginning next year.And on Thursday, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva said at a meeting of Amazon nations that wealthier countries must "pay the price" for protecting rain forests that are vulnerable to clear-cutting and burning by farmers and ranchers, activities that help fuel global warming.Connie Hedegaard, the Danish minister for the climate conference, said "the decision on finance" was the most pressing issue developed countries face.The Obama administration has allocated about $1.2 billion toward international climate programs as part of its proposed fiscal 2010 budget. Sen. John F. Kerry, chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, said in an interview that it would take at least twice as much to help seal a deal in Copenhagen.China's announcement Thursday that it would send Premier Wen Jiabao to the talks and improve its economy's energy efficiency -- by as much as 45 percent by 2020, compared with 2005 levels -- makes it easier for other countries to commit to a treaty, but it remains unclear how the outside world would verify these cuts.South Korea's climate change ambassador, Chung Rae-kwon, whose country just pledged to cut its emissions 4 percent below 2005 levels by 2020, wrote in an e-mail to The Washington Post that China's proposal was "a great step forward" but added, "The issue now is how this Chinese target can be captured in the agreement to be achieved in Copenhagen."Several U.S. senators have said they cannot endorse domestic climate legislation or an international treaty unless it ensures that such economic competitors as China and India will take steps to curb their carbon dioxide output.Senate Republican Conference Chairman Lamar Alexander said in an interview that it was hard to determine whether the Chinese announcement addresses that concern. He added that he would rather have Obama focus on building more nuclear power plants and electrifying the U.S. auto fleet than "making trips to Copenhagen, trying to convince China to make itself poorer when so many people there live on less than a dollar a day."Daniel Price, an international economics adviser on the climate talks under former president George W. Bush, said negotiators still must resolve a range of issues, such as protecting the intellectual property rights of technological innovators and ensuring the integrity of any carbon trading scheme created under the pact.The need for consensus under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which governs the talks, offers further complications. A bloc of African nations agreed this month on their bottom line for any deal but have not disclosed it. Major developing countries such as China, India and Brazil say they, too, will offer a unified position at the negotiations, but they have yet to determine it.India's environment minister, Jairam Ramesh, told the Hindustan Times newspaper thatChina's announcement was "a wake-up call. . . . We have to think hard about our climate strategy now and look for flexibility."Dominick DellaSala, president of the National Center for Conservation Science and Policy, said the emerging compromise could prompt negotiators to "lock in" less ambitious emission targets in the short term.Even Hedegaard, the Danish minister, noted that the current climate pledges by developing countries amount to an 18 percent reduction below 1990 emission levels by 2020, but the United States is pledging to cut emissions by about 4 percent by then. Europeans and many scientists have called for a 25 to 40 percent cut.Cutting a political deal now, argued Hedegaard and environmental advocates such as Chatterjee, makes more sense than holding out for a perfect agreement."If we don't resolve it now, it's not going to get any easier," Chatterjee said. "Time doesn't really help resolve issues of equity."37. The end of the world as we know it?Posted By Stephen M. Walt Thursday, May 13, 2010 - 10:35 AM ShareFor the past 500 years or so, world politics has mostly been driven by the actions and priorities of the transatlantic powers ("the West"). This era began with the development of European colonial empires, which eventually carved up most of the globe, spread ideas like Christianity, nationalism and democracy, and created many of the state boundaries that still exist today. Although other actors (e.g., Japan) played significant roles too, especially after 1945, the transatlantic community (broadly defined) had been the most important set of players for centuries.Europe's decline after World War II was immediately followed the era of American liberal internationalism. With NATO and Japan as junior partners, the United States underwrote a variety of global institutions (mostly of its own making), maintained a vast array of military bases, waged and won a Cold War, and sought to spread core "Western" values and institutions to different parts of the world.I don't want to go all Spenglerian on you -- but I'm beginning to think this era is essentially over, and that we are on the cusp of a major shift in the landscape of world power. Asia's share of world GDP already exceeds that of the United States or Europe, and a recent IMF study suggests it will be greater than the United States and Europe combined by 2030. Europe has already become a rather hollow military power, and the current economic crisis is going to force European states-and especially the United Kingdom -- to cut those capabilities even more. Needless to say, hopes that the euro might one day supplant the dollar look rather hollow today. Politics within many European countries is likely to get nasty as austerity kicks in, and there will inevitably be less money and less support for Europe's various philanthropic projects in Africa, Central Asia, orthe Middle East. Such activities won't disappear entirely, but it's hard to see how they can continue at anywhere near their current levels.America's situation is more favorable for several reasons (greater growth potential, a younger and still-growing population, more flexible labor markets, greater capacity to borrow abroad, etc.), but it will face analogous pressures of its own. We've piled up some serious debt due to the Iraq war and the 2008 financial crisis, unemployment remains uncomfortably high, the health care bill won't cut costs fast enough to make up for all those aging (and demanding) baby boomers, state and local governments are facing major fiscal problems of their own, resistance to taxation remains endemic, and we've got a lot of deferred maintenance in our national infrastructure. As Secretary of Defense Robert Gates acknowledged in a major speech last week, the Department of Defense won't be immune from these realities and it is going to have to make some serious cuts in the next few years too. And I'm betting that once the dust settles, the combined experience of Iraq and Afghanistan is going to cool U.S. enthusiasm for more open-ended and ill-conceived efforts.Taken together, this means that the countries that have done the most to try to manage global politics over the past several centuries are going to be doing a lot less of that sort of activity in the decades to come. In some ways, this could be a good thing, because some Western meddling was misguided and harmful and it would be better if other countries started taking more responsibility for their own affairs. But it also means that some areas of the world are going to get messier, and in ways that could still affect us all directly. And it also means that a new set of players will be increasingly involved in shaping the global agenda, and in some unfamiliar ways.Of course, to some extent the shifts I am describing merely reflect the fact some parts of the world are now developing rapidly, and shifting the global balance of power largely through their own efforts. China is the poster child for this trend, and its rapid rise is mostly due to Beijing have finally cast off the failed policies of the past century or so. Similar trends are evident in India, albeit more slowly, and in other Asian countries too.But the impending end of the Atlantic Era also reflects the self-inflicted wounds that Europe and America have each suffered over the past decade. In the European case, it was the misguided attempt to float a common currency on an inadequate institutional foundation, combined with irresponsible budgetary practices (the Labor era in England), fiscal chicanery (Greece) or a speculative bubbles (Spain and Ireland). In the American case, it was simple hubris: somehow we convinced ourselves that markets would always go up, that debts did not need to be paid, that whole regions could be transformed in liberal democracies at a point of a rifle barrel, and that we really could run the world on the cheap and without raising taxes. In simple terms, we can now see that the United States and much of Europe were like happy drunks enjoying a pleasant if prolonged pub-crawl. But eventually the party has to end, sobriety returns, and the hangover must be faced.If this analysis is even partly correct, then we are going to need some serious rethinking of grand strategy in both Europe and the United States. Hard choices will have to be made, and traditional world-views and familiar platitudes won't help us very much. Experience is valuabletrait for policymakers in normal times, but it can also blind them when new circumstances arise and the conventional wisdom is no longer relevant.Call me fanciful, but I'd still like to see Obama create a "Team B" to inject some new thinking more directly into the policy process. Or why not create several? Why not a Team B on the future of NATO, another on the Middle East peace process, a third on how to deal with Iran, a fourth on how to rebuild global institutions, and yet another on future relations with China? Don't give these groups any formal authority, but tell them to take a zero-based look at our current strategy and populate them with at least a few people who might not pass a Senate confirmation hearing and who haven't spent their whole lives repeating what everyone else has said before. And then listen to what they have to say. Who knows? They might actually come up with something useful.。
托福阅读背景知识材料补充
托福阅读背景知识材料补充托福阅读背景知识材料补充, 站着办公的风险你知道吗?今天给大家带来了托福阅读背景知识材料补充,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读背景知识材料补充站着办公的风险你知道吗?托福阅读背景知识*:站着办公的风险A new study says that standing up at your desk doesn’t actually decrease your risk of death-by-office, unless you’re physically active otherwise.新研究表明:除非经常锻炼,否则站着工作也不会降低猝死风险。
After several studies asserted that sitting at work all day is slowly killing us, researchers at the University of Exeter and University College London took another look at the claims. The Washington Post reports:此前,已有多项研究表明,久坐会慢慢地致人死亡。
但埃克塞特大学和伦敦大学学院的几位研究员却从另一角度进行了研究。
华盛顿邮报报道:Researchers tracked 16 years’ worth of health data from 5,132 people in the Whitehall II study cohort. Participants reported their total time sitting and how long they sat during four different situations: at work, watching television, leisure time andnon-television leisure time. Researchers also tracked time spent walking daily and on physical activity.此次研究的调查对象来自白厅二级定群研究,共5132人。
新大学英语文化对比阅读(下) 补充阅读材料-3 Film Industry in the United States
Film Industry in the United Statesby Patricia ErensThe story of Jewish women in film reflects that of Jewish women in America in this century. Although, like their male co-religionists, a large number of Jewish women have contributed to the development of the film industry, they have had to fight for their place. From the early years of the silent era through today, the struggle of Jewish women to be recognized for their talents has been a difficult one.Any discussion of Jewish women in film must address several different areas. First, there is employment opportunity. How have they been treated as women at their work? What jobs have they been allowed? Second, there is the communication of the Jewish woman’s experience to the screen. How has their Jewishness influenced the way screenwriters wrote, actors acted, and directors directed? And finally, more broadly, how have Jewish women been represented as characters on film, and have those characters been played by Jewish women?In the early days of film, the silent era, the majority of women of all ethnicities were limited to acting. However, Jewish women also made their presence profoundly felt in the area of screenwriting, and continued to do so for the rest of the century.The first three decades of the twentieth century were a time of unusual freedom and discovery for the film industry, which was then more open than it would be in later decades. It made more films with ethnic story lines and roles, stereotypical and sometimes degrading as they were. In fact, by the 1920s, a distinct genre of films about Jewish life had developed: melodramas about Jewish life in the ghettos of New York. Some were sentimental, others harshly realistic, and still others broadly comic; all illustrated the dilemma of the immigrant Jews. During the teens, the films’ sympathies were with the older generation, but by the 1920s it was the children who were heroes, as those children chose assimilation over Orthodoxy.Jewish-Irish movies, a subgenre of the ghetto film, also promoted the “melting pot” philosophy, which was very prominent at the time. Story lines about adoption—an Irish child into a Jewish family, never the other way around—or intermarriage were used to create happy, assimilated endings. During the same period, the Yiddish film industry added to the profusion of Jewish roles and stories.The Jewish roles for Jewish women during this period fall into several categories. Most memorable were the Jewish mothers, matronly women who cooked for their families and provided unqualified love to their children. Such a type was played by Vera Gordon in Humoresque (1920). She also played Rosie Potash in the silent comedies Potash and Perlmutter, Mrs. Horowitz in Four Walls (1928), and later Mrs. Cohen in the popular comic series The Cohens and the Kellys, which spans the silent and the early sound years. Rosa Rosanova became identified with Jewish motherhood with Hungry Hearts (1922), His People (1925), The Younger Generation (1929), andPleasure Before Business (1927). Other Jewish mothers included Ida Kramer as Mrs. Cohen in Abie’s Irish Rose (1928) and Anna Appel in The Heart of New York (1932).The younger women played the sweet ingenues of the ghetto. Two examples are Jetta Goudal, who appeared in Salome of the Tenements (1925), and Carmel Myers, a rabbi’s daughter, who starred as Sonya Schonema in Cheated Love (1921). Myers also appeared in Jewish roles in Intolerance (1916) and Ben-Hur (1925), which were not films told from a Jewish perspective. (The Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith had to persuade D.W. Griffith to cut scenes from Intolerance that showed Jews as Christ killers.) Both actors also acted in non-Jewish roles, which fell into the third stereotype Jewish women were allowed to play: the vamp. Carmel Myers’s career is even summed up in Halliwell’s Filmgoer’s Companion as “in the vamp tradition.”But the woman who defined “vamp” was Theda Bara (born Theodosia Goodman). Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, she made her first screen appearance in Carmen (1915), but is best remembered for her performances in A Fool There Was (1915) and Cleopatra (1917). She made thirty-eight films between 1915 and 1926, when she retired. Theda Bara’s ethnic looks were perfect for the silent era, when there was great popular interest in the so-called exotic. Spanish, Latino, and Jewish actors found themselves employed as the “Arabs” or mysterious foreigners in a grea t number of films. Studio publicists promoted Theda Bara’s name as an anagram for “Arab death” and informed the public that she was the daughter of an Eastern potentate. Her image was not too ethnic, and certainly not openly Jewish, but ethnic enough to be considered exotic by the public.Ethnicity was less a problem for those out of the glare of the limelight, but jobs such as directing and producing were closed to most women. Many women, however, became screenwriters, and Jewish women obtained such work from the beginning. Some of the most influential films with Jewish themes were either written by Jewish women for the screen or adapted from novels and stories they wrote.Anzia Yezierska wrote stories of exceptional quality. Two of her works, adapted for the screen, were the aforementioned Hungry Hearts and Salome of the Tenements. Both films attest to the harsh circumstances of immigrant Jewish existence, much of it drawn from her Orthodox Jewish background. However, the contradictions between her Orthodox background and the make-believe world of Hollywood seem to have been too much for her. She returned to the East after only five years in Hollywood and was never produced again.Another writer whose novels and stories contributed to silent and later sound films was Fannie Hurst. Among these were Humoresque (1920, remade in 1946), The Good Provider (1922), The Younger Generation (1929), and Imitation of Life (1934, remade in 1959). While the stories of Yezierska exposed the harsher side of Jewish life, Hurst tended to treat life in America more sentimentally.With the advent of sound (corresponding with the 1930s and the Great Depression), films began to focus more and more on “WASP” characters. To a greater degree thanin the teens and 1920s, the roles Jewish women played in mainstream Hollywood films did not reflect their ethnic or religious heritage. And after a golden age from 1936 to 1939, the Yiddish film industry began its rapid decline.By 1939 Jewish representation in film had all but disappeared, for a great many reasons. As the major Jewish film moguls became more assimilated themselves, they reflected the American philosophy of the time: It was un-American to focus on an individual’s ethnicity, as opposed to his or her “Americanness.” At the same time, movies were becoming the most popular form of entertainment in America, from the large metropolitan areas to small rural communities; the moguls believed that ethnic stories would be unpopular with this broader audience. Finally, in the late 1930s, with antisemitism on the rise in America as well as Europe, and attacks against the Jewish influence in Hollywood increasing in the right-wing media, it made sense for Jews not to call attention to themselves. The threat of what openly Jewish stars, characters, and stories would do to the sale of Hollywood films in Europe and to their popularity at home was very real.This trend continued through the end of the 1950s, with a few notable exceptions. Jewish actors with successful Hollywood careers during this period included Sylvia Sidney, Paulette Goddard, Luise Rainer, Lauren Bacall, Joan Blondell, Judy Holliday, Shelley Winters and Lee Grant. Stage stars who also made successful forays into film included Fanny Brice, Sophie Tucker, and Stella Adler.Among the most famous of the thousands of stage performers who “went Hollywood” in the 1930s was Fanny Brice (born Fania Borach), who appeared in several early sound films, including My Man (1928), The Great Ziegfeld (1936), and Ziegfeld Follies (1946).Sophie Tucker (born Sophia Abuza) was a popular singer and the star of vaudeville. During her heyday, she was one of the few women in entertainment to make more than men doing the same job. Her first film role was in Honky Tonk (1929). She later appeared in Broadway Melody of 1937 (1937), Atlantic City (1944), and Follow the Boys (1944), among others.Stella Adler, best known as an acting teacher—of Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro, among many others—came to Hollywood for a short period in the late 1930s, and appeared in three films: Love on Toast (1937), Shadow of the Thin Man (1941), and My Girl Tisa (1948).Sylvia Sidney (born Sophia Koscow), on the other hand, was pure Hollywood. Starting her career in the early 1930s, she found her fame and fortune by avoiding any kind of ethnic stereotyping. Portraying a huge variety of working-class urban heroic women, neither her name, her looks, nor the parts she chose to play gave any hint of her Jewish identity. In a career that spanned eight decades, her most famous roles included Street Scene (1931), You Only Live Once (1937), Fury (1936), and Sabotage (1936). She was nominated for a “best supporting actress” Academy Award for her performance in Summer Wishes, Winter Dreams (1973). In 1996, she appeared inMars Attacks! Not until the 1970s did Sidney play any openly Jewish roles, among them a part in Raid on Entebbe, a 1977 TV movie.Luise Rainer began as a stage actor in Vienna, Austria. After moving to Hollywood, she won two Academy Awards. The first was for her performance as Anna Held, the great Jewish musical comedy artist, in The Great Ziegfeld (1936). The second was for her role as a Chinese peasant (!) in The Good Earth (1937).Paulette Goddard (born Marion Levy) played few openly Jewish roles; her role as Hannah in Charlie Chaplin’s The Great Dictator (1940) proved a powerful exception. Goddard began her career when she was selected by Chaplin for the female lead in Modern Times (1936). (She also married Chaplin.) Other films in which she appeared in include The Women (1939), Reap the Wild Wind (1942), Unconquered (1947), and The Diary of a Chambermaid (1946). When Chaplin chose Goddard for Hannah—a spunky Jewish waif who sets an example by her fearless response to Nazi brutality—he broke with Hollywood tradition in two ways: by casting a young, attractive woman in an openly Jewish role, and by dealing with the issue of Jews and Nazism.One of the greatest Jewish-but-never-known-as-Jewish stars hit the big screen in 1944, when Betty Joan Perske debuted in To Have and Have Not. The film not only established her as the star Lauren Bacall but also led to her marriage with leading man Humphrey Bogart. Later films included The Big Sleep (1946), Key Largo (1948), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953), The Shootist (1976), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), and Misery (1990). Her most recent film, The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), garnered her an Academy Award nomination for “best supporting actress” and is one of her few openly Jewish roles.Another performer who started in the 1940s was Joan Blondell. At one time Blondell could have been characterized as the blonde of the year. However, she graduated into character roles as her career progressed.Blondell made more than eighty films during her long career, as diverse as Gold Diggers of 1933 (1933) and A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1944). Her most famous were probably Nightmare Alley (1947) and The Cincinnati Kid (1965); her last was The Champ (1979).The enormously talented Judy Holliday never played a Jewish role, but won fame on Broadway as a not-so-dumb blonde in Born Yesterday and repeated her comic performance in the 1950 film version. She made other memorable appearances in Adam’s Rib (1949), The Solid Gold Cadillac (1956), and her last film, Bells Are Ringing (1960).Shelley Winters (born Shirley Schrift), who rose to fame in the 1951 version of A Place in the Sun, was an attempt on the part of the studios to create another bombshell, but here they failed. While producers succeeded in getting Winters to bleach her hair, she refused the nose job. She also insisted upon taking her acting with great seriousness. As a result, her career has spanned fifty years. In the 1950s, her majorfilms included The Big Knife (1955) and The Night of the Hunter (1955). Most important, from the perspective of the image of Jewish women on film, she performed the role of Mrs. Van Daan in The Diary of Anne Frank (1959), for which she won an Academy Award.Lee Grant (born Lyova Haskell Rosenthal) was of the same era as Shelley Winters, but her career took a very different turn. She made her first film, Detective Story, in 1951, receiving an Oscar nomination for “best supporting actress.” Shortly thereafter, she was blacklisted for not testifying before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) against her husband, playwright Arnold Manoff. Over the next twelve years, she acted in only two films.Later in their careers, both Shelley Winters and Lee Grant would play the ubiquitous Jewish mother. Indeed, this stereotype never completely disappeared from the screen, even during the relatively arid period from the 1930s through the 1950s. The roles were played by both Jewish and gentile women. Several examples are Tamara Shayne in The Jolson Story (1946), Gusti Huber in The Diary of Anne Frank (1959), and Claire Trevor in Marjorie Morningstar (1958), which was adapted for the screen by a Jewish woman, Francis Goodrich, with her husband, Albert Hackett.Goodrich and Hackett also created the very popular Thin Man series (beginning in 1934), which was based on Dashiell Hammett’s novel but soon took on a life of its own. Subsequently, the pair wrote The Hitler Gang (1944), It’s a Wonderful Life (1946), and Father of the Bride (1950). Both The Hitler Gang and The Diary of Anne Frank dealt with the atrocities of Nazi Germany and were rarities of the period for that reason.The most prolific Jewish woman writer was one whose name is little known. Over the course of her career, Sonya Levien wrote more than seventy screenplays, ten with humorist S.N. Behrman, at least two with William Ludwig, and at least thirty-one on her own. Among her most famous scripts were Liliom (1931), Daddy Long Legs (1931), Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1932), Quo Vadis (1951), Oklahoma! (1955), and Bhowani Junction (1956). She won an Oscar for Interrupted Melody (1955).Dorothy Parker, the Manhattan wit, began her successful Hollywood career in the late 1930s. She wrote the original A Star Is Born (1937) with her husband, Alan Campbell. Later Parker worked with other writers on Saboteur (1942) and contributed dialogue to several films, including The Little Foxes (1941), which was based on the play by Lillian Hellman. Hellman herself not only wrote original, highly successful theatrical plays but also adapted most of them to the screen and penned some original screenplays.Betty Comden, who also established her reputation on Broadway, was brought to Hollywood by MGM in the late 1940s. Together with Adolph Green, she wrote the scenario and songs for three Hollywood musicals released in 1949: The Barkleys of Broadway, On the Town, and Take Me Out to the Ballgame. They went on to write some of Hollywood’s greatest musicals, including Singin’ i n the Rain (1952), TheBand Wagon (1953), It’s Always Fair Weather (1955), and Bells Are Ringing (1960). Comden and Green maintained a working partnership for more than forty years.One of the most prolific women writers was Phoebe Ephron, who worked as a team with her husband, Henry. Together they wrote What Price Glory (1952), the remake of Daddy Long Legs (1955), dialogue for Carousel (1956), and Desk Set (1957).Fay Kanin also worked with her husband, Michael Kanin, on Rhapsody (1954), The Opposite Sex (1956), and Teacher’s Pet (1958). Alone she wrote the TV movie Tell Me Where It Hurts (1974). She also served as president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the first woman in history to hold this position.Sylvia Fine and Danny Kaye were also a husband-and-wife team. Unknown to many, Fine wrote most of the lyrics for Kaye’s screen performances. As Kaye himself said, “I am a wife-made man” (Halliwell’s).Adeline Schulberg proved that it was possible, though not common, for women (and Jewish women) to move beyond the actor or screenwriter boundary. Her Ad Schulberg Agency, operating in the 1930s, represented such stars as Marlene Dietrich, Frederic March, and Herbert Marshall. During World War II, Schulberg lived in London, where she set up an “underground railroad” for refugee talent from Nazi Germany. After the war, she worked as a talent scout for Columbia Pictures. She is credited with giving Shelley Winters her start in film.Many Jewish women working in Hollywood in the 1950s had commitments to liberal and social causes. Some, like Schulberg, had been active in the fight against Nazism. Others were members of socialist or communist groups. Some did little but support these efforts financially. However, along with their male counterparts, many were caught up in the HUAC investigations, cited correctly or incorrectly as Communists.Among the many Jewish women from Hollywood who were blacklisted during the McCarthy era were Judy Holliday, Lillian Hellman, Lee Grant, and Gertrude Berg. In this atmosphere, with antisemitism more open, fervent, and frightening than ever before in America, it is amazing that any films that openly represented Jewish actors, characters, and stories were made.In 1949, Gertrude Berg took her beloved radio character, the irrepressible matriarch Molly Goldberg of “The Goldbergs,” to television, becoming one of the medium’s first stars. Molly, a film version, was released in 1951. Molly was one of the few films since the silent era, outside the Yiddish cinema, to deal with the everyday life of Jews in America. Unfortunately, it failed to find an audience.By the end of the 1950s, the number of exceptions to the unwritten rule against Jewish themes and stories was increasing. Perhaps as a reaction to the Holocaust, or to the creation of the State of Israel, or to the fact that America, albeit belatedly, had rejected McCarthyism—or all of those things—the Hollywood studios began making more films dealing with themes of antisemitism and, more specifically, American antisemitism. In 1947, the Motion Picture Project had been created, funded by majorAmerican Jewish agencies that wanted to encourage Hollywood to make more films with Jewish themes and depict Jewish characters more positively. The influence of this agency, which somehow survived McCarthyism, can be seen in the films of the late 1950s that explore religious tolerance and ethnic hatred. As positive a step as these films were, most did not have leading female characters or explore in any way what it meant to be a woman and Jewish. But the door that had closed on portrayals of Jewish women in film was opening, if just a crack.One example was Marjorie Morningstar (1958). Like Molly before it, this feature film was unusual because its story revolved solely around Jewish issues and characters and many of its main characters were women, including Marjorie herself. A sign that Hollywood hadn’t changed all that much was the casting of Natalie W ood in the title role. It was becoming somewhat acceptable to introduce the idea that Jews, including Jewish women, did in fact live in America, but the studios were not ready to cast “real” Jewish women to play them.Another film that succeeded, hugely a nd on many levels, was Hollywood’s 1959 version of the successful Broadway play The Diary of Anne Frank. Again, although Susan Strasberg had played Anne on Broadway, the film role was given to a non-Jew, Millie Perkins. As critic Pauline Kael noted, “In th e movies, the unfortunate fact that Anne Frank was Jewish and hence not acceptable as the heroine of an expensive production, was rectified by casting Millie Perkins in the role.” The film was important in that it constituted one of Hollywood’s first treat ments of the Holocaust. Although it did not depict the horrors of the camps, it did introduce the subject to a mass audience.Maya Deren was the exception to all the rules limiting women to the makeup table or typewriter. Considered the “mother of underground film,” she operated completely outside the Hollywood system and was therefore not governed by any of its rules. Deren was one of the earliest of the experimental avant-gardists. From 1943, when she made her first film, Meshes of the Afternoon, until her death in 1961, she influenced actors, artists, photographers (including Diane Arbus), and filmmakers. Her other films include Ritual in Transfigured Time (1946), At Land (1944), and The Very Eye of Night (1959). Twenty years before the largest social revolution in American history, Maya Deren was laying the groundwork.In the 1960s and 1970s, America experienced huge social and political changes. Reflecting those changes, Jewish women’s roles in films and in the film industry began to expand. The movements promoting racial and ethnic pride led to an increase in Jewish stories and characters. Marching through the doors opened by the women’s movement, Jewish women moved into previously male jobs such as producing and directing.For many Jewish actors who had established careers before the 1960s, the changes of the period gave their careers a new boost. Lee Grant’s film career revived in 1963 when she made two films, An Affair of the Skin and The Balcony. She soon established herself as an actor of substance in such films as In the Heat of the Night(1967) and The Landlord, for which she received her second Oscar nomination for “best supporting actress.” Her third and fourth nominations came for Shampoo (1975) and V oyage of the Damned (1976). For Shampoo she won the award itself.Shelley Winters built the latter part of her career around the role of the Jewish mother. She has appeared as Jewish characters in the following films: Enter Laughing (1967), The Poseidon Adventure (1972), Blume in Love (1973), Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976), Over the Brooklyn Bridge (1983), and The Delta Force (1989).Susan Strasberg began her career in Hollywood with Picnic (1956). Although she was passed over for the role of Anne in The Diary of Anne Frank, she did appear later in two Jewish roles of note—Maritou (1978) and Delta Force (1989)—in addition to non-Jewish roles in films such as In Praise of Older Women (1978).Molly Picon, a veteran of the Yiddish stage and film, took roles in several Hollywood films during the 1960s and 1970s. She appeared in Come Blow Your Horn (1963), as a Jewish matchmaker in Fiddler on the Roof (1970), and as a Jewish madam in For Pete’s Sake (1974).The actor who changed all the rules on how women, and especially Jewish women, could look and behave was Barbra Streisand. She proved that a woman actor could simultaneously be openly Jewish, attractive, sensual, and a “romantic heroine.” She also proved that an openly Jewish story could be a blockbuster hit. Her breakthrough performance, appropriately enough, was as Fanny Brice in the Broadway and Hollywood versions of Funny Girl (1968). (She also played Brice in the 1975 film sequel, Funny Lady.) In subsequent roles, she was either clearly identified as Jewish or her ethnicity was implied in her characterization. Some of her most famous early films include Hello, Dolly! (1969), What’s Up, Doc? (1972) and The Way We Were (1973).It could be argued that without Streisand many, if not all, of the other Jewish actors of the last few decades would have had very different roles in Hollywood. Dyan Cannon, Carol Kane, Jill Clayburgh, Goldie Hawn, Barbara Hershey, Gilda Radner, Janet Margolin, Bette Midler, and Carrie Fisher have played fuller, more arresting characters because of the ground Streisand broke.Dyan Cannon (born Samille Diane Friesen) began her film career in 1959. Among her best performances were those in Bob and Carol and Ted and Alice (1969) and The Last of Sheila (1973). She has particularly distinguished herself in comedy. Jill Clayburgh made her first film in 1969. Since then she has starred in such films as An Unmarried Woman (1978) and Gable and Lombard (1976). She played a Jewish defense attorney in Hannah K (1983).Carol Kane rose to fame in Hester Street (1975), for which she received an Academy Award nomination for “best actress.” She also playe d Jewish women in Annie Hall (1977) and Over the Brooklyn Bridge (1983). Other films of note include Carnal Knowledge (1971), Dog Day Afternoon (1975), and The Princess Bride (1987). She has also had major success on television in such shows as Taxi and Pearl.Goldie Hawn became famous on Rowan and Martin’s Laugh-In and won an Academy Award for “best supporting actress” for her film debut in Cactus Flower (1969). Among her better-known films are Sugarland Express (1974), Shampoo (1975), and Swing Shift (1984). In The First Wives Club (1996), with Diane Keaton and Bette Midler, she helped to prove that women in their fifties can score box office successes.Barbara Hershey (born Barbara Herzstein) started in films in the late 1960s. For a short period in the early 1970s, she also used the name Barbara Seagull. Among her works are Boxcar Bertha (1972), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), Beaches (1988), and A World Apart (1988), which was based on the life of a Jewish activist, although religion went unacknowledged in the film. In 1996, she earned an Oscar nomination for her performance in the film adaptation of Portrait of a Lady.Gilda Radner, best known for her comedy work on television’s Saturday Night Live, died before her film career had a chance to blossom. However, she did appear in Hanky Panky (1982), The Woman in Red (1984), and Haunted Honeymoon (1986). Janet Margolin started her career with David and Lisa (1962), playing a Jewish adolescent with emotional problems. She later appeared in The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), Enter Laughing (1967), Take the Money and Run (1970), and Annie Hall (1977).Bette Midler, who started her career in gay bathhouses, was already famous as a singer before she made The Rose (1979), based on the life and death of Janis Joplin. She has appeared as a Jewish character in Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986), Beaches (1988), Scenes from a Mall (1991), and The First Wives Club (1996). She also took starring roles in Ruthless People (1986) and Stella (1990). Midler, like Streisand, has a strong celebrity persona and tends to be seen as Jewish, even in roles for which the script does not identify a specific ethnicity.Carrie Fisher, daughter of Debbie Reynolds and Eddie Fisher, made her first film, Shampoo, in 1975. But her real fame came when she was cast as Princess Leia in Star Wars (1977). She went on to star in the next two films of the trilogy, The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983). Her other films include The Blues Brothers (1980), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), and When Harry Met Sally (1989). However, Fisher may be remembered for her work as a writer. She has written three novels: Postcards from the Edge, Surrender the Pink, and Delusions of Grandma; when her Postcards was made into a film (1990), she wrote the screenplay. Currently she works in that great uncredited Hollywood profession of script doctor—or, as Fisher calls it, script nurse. To date she has nursed more than fifteen filmscripts, among them Hook, Lethal Weapon 3, and Sister Act.In the “new Hollywood” of the 1960s and 1970s, Jewish women continued to have major influence as screenwriters. Films by Harriet Frank Jr. and her husband, Irving Ravetch, who began a long and successful career toward the end of the 1950s, include The Long Hot Summer (1957), Hud (1963), Hombre (1967), and Conrack (1974). Their Norma Rae (1983), based on the real-life experiences of the Jewish labor。
高中语文散文阅读《我与地坛》补充材料
我与地坛阅读补充材料一、自然的治疗:地坛——人生的导师对生命的感悟可以说是自小而知的。
怕火烧,怕水烫,远离危险,不能爬高等可以说是幼年时的感悟与经验。
再如面对困难与挫折,师长们教导说要有克服的勇气与毅力,也可以说是不断经历,而有所收获。
自小而大,我们涉足面的不断扩大,未经验的事越来越多,每一种新鲜都在我们面前展示了生命的颇具诱惑力的一面,同时又增加了我们对于未创世界的风险意识。
《散步》讲的是一家三代人之间相互扶助的事情。
其尊老爱幼,充满强烈温馨气氛的伦理美德便是一首战胜严寒、喜迎生命的赞歌。
《生命的意义》则直接教给人一个严肃的思考:一个人的一生究竟应该怎样度过?《我的小桃树》,说的是一个在旮旯里不受人关心的丑小鸭不断长大的故事。
虽说无情的风雨残酷地袭倾着,然而小桃树却能顽强地对抗着。
生命的积极意义不是正在这里吗?《我与地坛(一)》也是一篇感悟生命的诗歌。
文章以“我”与地坛的“缘分”起笔,表达与这荒园的某种命运联系。
作者说:“这古园仿佛是为了等我,而历尽沧桑在那儿等待了四百多年。
”这里的“等”“等待”颇值得我们来推敲。
我们不禁要问:他(地坛)为什么要等待呢?而且还是“它等待我出生,然后又等待我活到最狂妄的年龄上忽地让我残废了双腿”?其目的究竟何在?我们还可以就此不断地发问下去。
但问题显然在本段内难以找到颇具信服力的答案。
只是到了第五段时,我们才渐渐地理出文章的一些眉目来。
于是作者的内心在我们面前缓缓地展开来了。
作者在他那金子般的二十岁时突然失去了他的双腿,我们能够充分地理解他的难耐而苦的内心:“我找不到工作,找不到去路,忽然间几乎什么都找不到……我便一天到晚耗在这园子里。
”他在这里一连几小时专心致志地想关于死的事,想了好几年。
我想作者他一定想到了为什么他会在二十岁时突然失去双腿,但他肯定想不通这是为什么。
也许是上帝的安排吧,正如与自古以来的人们关于命运的看法一样,作者自然把这归之于“宿命”。
于是,他感到也许他与命运中的某种事物是相联系的,而这种联系正是要告诉他什么。
英语人教版八年级上册【补充阅读材料】
What kind of friend are you?Do you think you’re a good friend? Try to do our quiz and find out what kind of friend you are!1.Your best friend is upset because he got 60% in his math exam and he needed 70% to get into agood high school. Do you:a)tell him not to worry? He isn’t clever enough for a good high school anyway.b)advise him that he should speak to the teacher and ask to do the exam again?c)tell him about your excellent mark in the exam—90%? Tell him you are going to the best highschool in the city.2.Your friend is upset because his 80-year-old grandfather is in hospital and is very ill. Do you:a)ask him what he is so upset about? His grandfather is very old so he will probably die soonanyway.b)invite him to your house for the evening to watch a DVD and talk about his grandfather.c)leave him alone and talk to more interesting friends? Who wants to spend time with someonewho cries all the time?3.Your friend is excited because he has become a ping-pong player for the province. Do you:a)tell him that lots of people only play one or two matches and then get dropped from the team?b)tell him that you are really pleased and ask if you can watch his first match?c)secretly try to get into the team yourself and tell the team teacher that your friend has neverwon a match against you?4.You see your friend wearing a new yellow T-shirt which looks terrible on him. Do you:a)laugh at the T-shirt and say his taste is terrible?b)say nothing, but later tell your friend that other colors look better on him?c)say nothing, but laugh with your other friends about it?5.Your friend gives you a scarf for your birthday that you don’t like. Do you:a)tell your friend you don’t like it and ask him to take it back to the shop and give you the moneyinstead?b)thank your friend for the scarf and wear it a few times when you see your friend?c)say nothing, give the scarf away and stop buying presents for your friend’s birthday?How did you get on in the quiz? To find out, count how many times you chose A, B and C. WriteABC班级____________ 姓名____________。
大学英语IV补充阅读材料大全(英文版)(doc 81页)(正式版)
1. Care for Our Mother Earth(Dr. McKinley of Awareness Magazine interviews a group of experts on environmental issues.) Dr. McKinley: What do you think is the biggest 1. _________ to the environment today?Aman Motwane: The biggest threat to our environment today is the way we, as human beings, see our environment. How we see our environment 2.________ our whole world.Most of us see everything as independent from one another. But the 3. ________ is that everything is part of one interconnected, interrelated whole. For example, a tree may appear 4. ________, but in fact it affects and is affected by everything in its environment — sunshine, rain, wind, birds, minerals, other plants and trees, you, me. The tree shapes the wind that blows around it; it is also shaped by that wind. Look at the 5. __________ between the tree and its environment and you will see the future of the tree.Most of us are blind to this interconnectedness of everything. This is why we don't see the 6.__________ of our actions. It is time for each of us to open our eyes and see the world as it 7. ________ is — one complete whole where every cause has an8.________.Dr. McKinley: Hello Dr. Semkiw. In your research, what environmental issues do you find most pressing?Walter Semkiw: 9____________________________________________________________________. Mankind has now cut down half of the trees that existed 10,000 years ago. The loss of trees upsets the ecosystem as trees are necessary to build topsoil, maintain rainfall in dry climates, purify underground water and to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen. 10. ___________________________________________________________________________. The evaporated water then returns as rain, which is vital to areas that are naturally dry. Areas downwind of deforested lands lose this source of rainfall and transform into deserts.11.__________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses then resulting in the trap heat, resulting in warming of our atmosphere.Dr. McKinley: Mr. Nacson, thanks for participating all the way from Australia! What do you suggest the readers of Awareness Magazine can do to help the environmental problem?Leon Nacson: The simplest way to help the environment is not to impact on it. Tread as lightly as you can, taking as little as possible, and putting back as much as you can.Dr. McKinley: What is your specific area of concern regarding the current and future state of the environment?Leon Nacson: Air and water pollution are our Number One priorities. It is hard to understand that we are polluting the air we breathe and the water we drink. These are two elements that are not inexhaustible, and we must realize that once we reach the point of no return, there will be nothing left for future generations.Dr. McKinley: Mr. Desai, what an honor it is to have this opportunity to interview you. Can you please share your wisdom with our readers and tell us where you see the environmental crisis heading?Amrit Desai: We are not separate from the problem. We are the problem. We live divided lives. On one hand, we ask industries to support our greed for more and more conveniences, comfort and possessions. We have become addicted consumers, which causes industrial waste. At the same time, we ignore our connection between our demands and the exploitation of Mother Earth. Whenwe are greedy for more than what we need for our well being, we always abuse the resources of our body and the earth.We are nurtured by the healthy condition of Mother Earth. In humans, if the mother is ailing, the child suffers. We are the cause of the ailing planet and we are the victims.Dr. McKinley: In closing, I thank all of the participants. I have learned a great deal about what I can do as an individual to help the environment.I hope these interviews encourage the readers of Awareness Magazine to take action and develop your own strategy. Too many of us just sit back and say "I'll let the experts deal with it." Meanwhile, we are killing the planet. My aim of this interview is to show how one person can make a difference. Thanks to all for offering your wisdom. (731 words)I. Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage.1. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A) fossils fuel are the only cause of global warmingB) trees play an important role in avoiding global warmingC) the interview is held in AustraliaD) experts do not have a solution to the environmental crisis2. By saying that "the biggest threat to our environment today is the way we see our environment" (line 2-3), Aman Motwane implies that ______.A) everything in the ecosystem is part of one complete wholeB) most people hold a wrong view on the environmentC) everything affects and is affected by its environmentD) people are indifferent to the environment protection3. In Leon Nacson's view, air and water pollution are our Number One priorities because ______.A) he cannot understand why people are polluting air and waterB) there will be nothing left for future generationsC) we would run out of air and water if we didn't stop polluting themD) air and water pollution are the current and future state of the environment4. TWhich of the following best explains Amrit Desai's words "we live divided lives"?A) We pollute Mother Earth in pursuing a better life, which, consequently, hurts ourselves.B) We are never satisfied with what we have, and we do not make good use of natural resources.C) If Mother Earth is ill, we, as her children, only enjoy part of our life.D) Though we have created the environmental problem, we try to separate ourselves from it.5. According to Dr. McKinley, what is the root cause of the environmental problem?A) Deforesting and global warming.B) The abuse of natural resources.C) Air and water pollution.D) The attitude of human beings.II. Translate the following sentences into English.1. 这场给人类带来巨大灾难的战争对这样一个诗人产生了什么影响呢?(impact on)2. 做母亲的有时候不能察觉她们所宠爱的孩子们的过错,这样做的结果会使孩子们再次犯同样的过错。
一年级语文补充阅读材料
我在山坡上割草,感到天气闷热,伸了伸腰大喊一声。看见潮湿的地面,虫子正忙着搬家,就知道阵雨马上就要来了,哗,消火的雨真的下了。(16、《要下雨了》)
壁虎要吃蚊子,蚊子逃到蛇的新房避难,说:“蛇姐姐,借我个地方躲一躲。”
(17、《小壁虎借尾巴》)
因为春天要到了,大街小巷真热闹。约上伙伴尝甜枣,冻红的脸蛋温暖的心。
一年级语文补充阅读材料
春天到,柳树苏醒了。冰雪化,泉水响丁冬。百花一齐开,百鸟齐歌舞。我会用成语,一起跟我说:百花齐放、百鸟争鸣、万物复苏。
(《识字1》)
(1)软软的柳枝和春雷是好朋友,他们在一起正说悄悄话呢!
(2)春天到了,柳树醒了,春风为它梳理发梢,春雨给它洗澡。看,它们正在一起玩耍呢!(1、《柳树醒了》)
(1)带红领巾的同学手拿铜号,站在没有帆的军舰上,海滩上还落着一群海鸥。
(2)小溪水清清,稻田绿油油,秧苗随风飘,池塘小鱼游,好美的景色!
(《识字6》)
(1)10月1日是祖国妈妈的生日,全国人民一同祝贺她,欢度十一长假。
(2)我希望自己长出丰满的羽毛,飞上蓝天。
(3)王二小是一个勇敢的小英雄。
(4)我们怀念敬爱的周总理。
(25、《快乐的节日》)
(1)妈妈待人很热情,爸爸待人很冷淡。
(2)王小红虚心好学,诚实勇敢,赢得大家的赞扬。
(3)我们要向别人学习,用他们的长处弥补自己的短处。
(《识字7》)
农民伯伯在春天给种子翻土、浇水、施肥,到了秋天就可以把沉甸甸的担子挑回家。
(26、《小白兔和小灰兔》)
(9、《两只鸟蛋》)
活泼可爱的小红可聪明了,爱动脑,主意多。一天,放学的路上忽然刮起了大风,小红想到教室的窗户没关严,就跑回学校把窗户关好。老师表扬了她,说她心里总是想到大家,以后大家要向她学习。
14《高尔基和他的儿子》补充阅读材料
14《高尔基和他的儿子》补充阅读材料一、高尔基生平简介高尔基(1868~1936)前苏联无产阶级作家,社会主义现实主义文学的奠基人。
他出身贫苦,幼年丧父,11岁即为生计在社会上奔波,当装卸工、面包房工人,贫民窟和码头成了他的“社会”大学的课堂。
他与劳动人民同呼吸共命运,亲身经历了资本主义残酷的剥削与压迫。
这对他的思想和创作发展具有重要影响。
高尔基刻苦自学文化知识,并积极投身革命活动,探求改造现实的途径。
1892年发表处女作《马卡尔•楚德拉》,登上文坛,他的早期作品,杂存着现实主义与浪漫主义两种风格,这是他无产阶级世界观形成前必然经历的阶段。
浪漫主义作品如《马卡尔•楚德拉》、《伊则吉尔老婆子》(1895)、《鹰之歌》(1895)等,赞美了热爱自由、向往光明与英雄业绩的坚强个性,表现了渴望战斗的激情;现实主义作品如《契尔卡什》、《沦落的人们》、《柯诺瓦洛夫》等,描写了人民的苦难生活及他们的崇高品德,表达了他们的激愤与抗争。
这些作品的主人公大多是努力探求新的生活道路、思考生活的意义并充满激烈内心冲突的人物。
1901年他创作了著名的散文诗《海燕之歌》,塑造了象征大智大勇革命者搏风击浪的勇敢的海燕形象,预告革命风暴即将到来,鼓舞人们去迎接伟大的战斗,这是一篇无产阶级革命战斗的檄文与颂歌,受到列宁的热情称赞。
1905年革命前夕,高尔基的创作转向了戏剧,1901~1905年,他先后写出了《小市民》、《底层》、《避暑客》、《太阳的孩子们》和《野蛮人》等剧本。
特别是《小市民》、《底层》展现了现实生活中工人的新形象与新的精神面貌,表现了他们为自己权利而斗争的决心与乐观情绪,它们的上演,在当时俄国的剧坛上引起了轰动。
1906年高尔基写成长篇小说《母亲》和剧本《敌人》两部最重要的作品——标志着其创作达到了新的高峰。
《母亲》塑造了世界文学史上第一批自觉为社会主义而斗争的无产阶级革命者的英雄形象,是社会主义现实主义文学的奠基作。
仔细阅读补充材料
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in thebank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Y ou may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s civil rights movement was the first step towards a truly desegregated(废除种族隔离的)America for blacks. Today, racism and discrimination(歧视)have 47 , but there are still many black people who have the 48 scars of racism and will never be able to forget the 49 racism has had on their lives. Racism is clearly an institution in America. It has existed since our nation’s founding, and it is now woven into many facets of 50 . Much of today’s racism stems from pride in one’s own race. Many people find it 51 to put down other ethnic groups in an attempt to strengthen their own. However, the 52 racist today is usually not even aware of the fact that he is being racist. Racism, 53 is simply fear that comes from ignorance. No one will ever know every single person of the African American race, yet people will tend to make 54 based upon their own personal beliefs and stereotype s(陈规)about blacks. Furthermore, if all men are created 55 , then why should differences in “race” matter so much? 56 our society has not lived up to the standards set by its forefathers. And, if it had not been for people like Dr. King, Maya Angelou and other strong-willed and just people, the country would probably still have two types of rest rooms--- one for whites and one for blacks.Section BDirections:There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Does money buy happiness? Not! Ah, but would a little more money make us a little happier? Many of us smirk(傻笑,假笑)and nod. There is, we believe, some connection between fiscal fitness and emotional fulfillment. Three in four American collegians(大学生)now consider it “very important” or “essential” that they become “very well off financially”. Money matters.But a surprising fact of life is that in countries where nearly everyone can afford life’s necessities, increasing affluence matters surprisingly little. The correlation between income and happiness is “surprisingly weak”, observed University of Michigan researcher Ronald Inglehart in one 16-nation study of 170,000 people. Once comfortable, more money provides diminishing returns. The second piece of pie, or the second $100,000, never tastes as good as the first. Even lottery winners and the Forbes’100 wealthiest Americans have expressed only slightly greater happiness than the average American. Making it big brings temporary joy. But in the long run wealth is like health: its utter absence can breed misery, but having it doesn’t guarantee happiness. Happiness seems less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have.Has our happiness floated upward with the rising economic tide? Are we happier today than in 1940s, when two out of five homes lacked a shower or tub? Actually, we are not, since 1957, the number of Americans who say they are “very happy”has declined from 35 to 32 percent. Meanwhile, the divorce rate has doubled, the teen suicide rate has nearly tripled(使成三倍), the violent crime rate has nearly quadrupled(使成四倍)(even after the recent decline), and more people than ever (especially teens and young adults) are depressed.This soaring wealth and shrinking spirit is called “the American paradox.” More than ever, we have big houses and broken homes, high incomes and low morale, secured rights and diminished civility. We excel at making a living but often fail at making a life. We celebrate our prosperity but yearn for a purpose. We cherish our freedoms but long for connection. In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.57. Which of following statements best expresses the author’s view?A) The more money we earn, the happier we would be.B) The more money we earn, the diminished returns we have.C) With the economy goes up, our happiness decreases.D) In the long run, money cannot guarantee happiness.58. “The second $100,000 never tastes as good as the first”, because______________.A) it’s not so fresh as the first $100,000B) it is not so important as the first $100,000C) profit brought by it is less than that from the first $100,000D) happiness brought by it is less than that from the first $100,00059. In this passage, “the American paradox” probably means______________ (Line 1, Para.4).A) the American characteristic B) the American contradictionC) the American wonder D) the American phenomenon60. According to the passage, people excel at making a living but ______________.A) don’t have any aim or ideal B) don’t know how to enjoy lifeC) don’t have any contact with other people D) don’t know how to spend money61. The things happened after 1957 are given to illustrate that ______________.A) people’s spiritual needs cannot be fulfilled by wealthB) family problems become more and more seriousC) social crimes have increased by a large marginD) young people are not happy about their lifePassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.To a large degree, the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment. Irrespective of what happened yesterday or last year, and what may or may not happen tomorrow, the present moment is where you are —always!Without question, many of us have mastered the neurotic art of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things—all at once. We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments, so much so that we end up anxious, frustrated, depressed, and hopeless. On the flip side(另一方面), we also postpone our gratification, our stated priorities, and our happiness, often convincing ourselves that “someday” will be better than today. Unfortunately, the same mental dynamics that tell us to look toward the future will only repeat themselves so that “someday” never actually arrives. John Lennon once said, “Life is what’s happening while we’re busy making other plans.” When we’re busy making “other plans”, our children are busy growing up. The people we love are moving away and dying, our bodies are getting out shape, and our dreams are slipping away. In short, we miss out on life.Many people live as if life were a dress rehearsal for some later date. It isn’t. In fact, no one has a guarantee that he or she will be here tomorrow. Now is the only time we have, and the only time that we have any control over. When our attention is in the present moment, we push fear from our minds. Fear is the concern over events that might happen in the future —we won’t have enough money, our children will get into trouble, we will get old and die, whatever.To combat fear, the best strategy is to learn to bring your attention back to the present. Mark Twain said: “I have been through some terrible things in my life, some of which actually happened.” I don’t think I can say it any better. Practice keeping your attention on the here and now, and your efforts will pay great dividends(奖金,红利).62. The word “neurotic” in the context refers to ______________ (Line 1, Para.2)A) nerve B) worrisome C) crazy D) angry63. It can be concluded from John Lennon’s remarks that______________.A) life is what we have planned in the pastB) life will never realize what we have plannedC) plans are making preparation for future lifeD) life is slipping away when we make “other plans”64. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A) We are often upset because we worry about future problems.B) We delay our happiness because we’re afraid of missing our dreams.C) Life isn’t for controlling the time in some later date.D) We have missed many things when we’re busy making “other plans”.65. Which has NOT been included in the behavior of fear in this context?A) Concern the terrible things that happened in the past.B) Concern whether there will be enough money to use tomorrow.C) Concern whether our children will have troubleD) Concern whether we will get old and die.66. The best title for this passage would be ______________.A) Don’t Miss Out on Life! B) “Someday” Is Never Better than TodayC) Learn to Live in the Present Moment D) How to Conquer FearPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A: BCGAI/LDENFSection B: CDBBA/ BDBACPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in thebank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Y ou may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge(大杂烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study 47 by Consumers International Friday.Among the report’s more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer 48 itself as “earthworm friendly”a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting”and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”.The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was 49 by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in 50 shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,”said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.The 10-country study 51 product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on 52 .The report focused on claims made by 53 products, such as detergent (洗涤剂) insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but 54 them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.The ISO labeling standards 55 vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be 56 . “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO,”said Page.Section BDirections:There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a person’s gaze without being intimate, rude, or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you typically do. You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up (打量) and to assure them that you mean no threat. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction. You need to emit a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eyecontact, what sociologist Erving Goffman (1963) calls “a dimming of the lights”. You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere but into another passenger’s eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in the manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he signals, “I know you”, “I am interested in you,” or “You look peculiar andI am curious about you.” This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.57. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________________.A) every glance has its significanceB) staring at a person is an expression of interestC) a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptableD) a glance conveys more meaning than words58. If you want to be left alone on an elevator, the best thing to do is ________________.A) to look into another passenger’s eyesB) to avoid eye contact with other passengersC) to signal you are not a threat to anyoneD) to keep a distant from other passengers59. By “a dimming of the lights” (Para. 1, Line 8) Erving Goffman means “________________”.A) closing one’s eyes B) turning off the lightsC) ceasing to glance at others D) reducing gaze-time to the minimum60. If one is looked at by a stranger for too long, he tends to feel ________.A) depressed B) uneasy C) curious D) amused61. The passage mainly discusses ________________.A) the limitations of eye contactB) the exchange of ideas through eye contactC) proper behavior in situationsD) the role of eye contact in interpersonal communicationPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.The picnics, speeches, and parades of today’s Labor Day were all part of the first celebration, held in New York City in 1882. Its promoter was an Irish-American labor leader named Peter J. McGuire. A carpenter by trade, McGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (UBCJ). Approaching the City’s Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud (赞许) “the industrial spirit-the-great vital force of every nation.” On September 5 his suggestion bore fruit, as an estimated 10,000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses’ warnings, left work to march from Union square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street. The event gained national attention, and by1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday.The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’ respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor. Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of “progress and poverty.”In a society in which factory, owners rode in private Pullmans while ten-year-olds slaved in the mines, strong anti-capitalist feeling ran high. Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. With socialists demanding an end to “wage slavery” and anarchists (无政府主义) singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite (炸药), middle-of-roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison. One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: A one-day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages.62.Judging from the passage, McGuire was________________.A) a moderate labor leaderB)an extreme-anarchist in the labor movementC) a devoted socialist fighting against exploitation of man by manD) a firm anti-capitalist demanding the elimination of wage slavery63.We can see from the first paragraph that the first Labor Day march ________________.A) immediately won nationwide support B) involved workers from 30 statesC) was opposed by many factory owners D) was organized by the UBCJ64. Which of the following is the key factor in the immediate approval of Labor Day as anational holiday?A) The lawmakers’ respect for the workers.B) The workers’ determination to have a holiday of their own.C) The socialists’ demands for thorough reform.D) The politicians’ fear of the workers’ anger.65. We learn from the passage that the establishment of Labor Day ________________.A) was accepted by most bosses as a compromiseB) marked a turning point in the workers’ struggle for more rightsC) indicated the improvement of the workers’ welfareD) signaled the end of “wage slavery”66. McGuire proposed Labor Day in order to ________________.A) draw people’s attention to the striking contrast between the rich and the poorB) make prominent the important role of the working class in societyC) win for the workers the right to shorter working hoursD) expose the exploitation of the workers by their bossesPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A: H I J C K/M E G O ASection B:ABCBD/ACDAB。
阅读教学中的“补白”
阅读教学中的“补白”引言阅读是学生学习中最基本的能力之一,也是学习的基石。
在阅读教学中,教师往往会提供一些辅助材料,帮助学生更好地理解文章。
这些辅助材料被称为“补白”或“补充材料”。
本文将探讨阅读教学中补白的重要性以及如何在阅读教学中使用它。
什么是“补白”?“补白”是指在阅读教学中提供的一些辅助材料,用于帮助学生更好地理解文本。
补白可以包括以下内容:•词汇解释•情境说明•图片或图表•相关文章或例子这些补充材料需要与原文有紧密联系,帮助学生更好地理解文章内容。
补白的重要性在阅读教学中,补白的作用是不可忽视的。
下面是补白的几个重要作用:帮助学生理解词汇在阅读过程中,学生可能会遇到不熟悉的单词或词语,这时提供词汇解释可以帮助学生理解文章内容。
词汇解释不仅可以拓展学生的词汇量,还可以帮助学生更好地理解文章的意思。
帮助学生理解情境阅读过程中,学生还需要理解文章的情境和上下文。
补白可以通过情境说明或相关例子,帮助学生更好地理解外部信息。
这些信息可以帮助学生更好地理解文章的内容,从而更好地理解文章的意义。
提高阅读理解能力在阅读教学中,补白可以帮助学生理解文章,并更好地掌握阅读理解技巧。
学生通过阅读补白材料,可以更好地理解文章的意思,并提高阅读速度和理解能力。
拓展学生的知识面阅读教学中的补白可以帮助学生了解新的知识点和背景信息。
这些信息可以帮助学生更好地理解文章,同时拓展学生的知识面。
如何在阅读教学中使用补白在阅读教学中,教师可以通过以下方式使用补白:注释词汇当学生遇到不熟悉的词汇时,教师可以在文本旁边注释这些词汇的含义。
这些注释有助于学生对文章的理解。
提供相关材料在阅读教学中,教师还可以提供一些相关材料,用于帮助学生更好地理解文章内容。
这些材料可以包括图片、图表、相关文章或例子等。
与学生互动在阅读教学中,教师还可以与学生互动,问答解释。
教师可以向学生提出问题,以帮助学生更好地理解文章内容。
同时,教师还可以向学生解释文章的意思,并引导学生进行思考和分析。
《三国演义》阅读问答及补充材料
《三国演义》阅读问答及补充材料1.简述《三国演义》中能体现曹操“奸雄”性格的一个故事。
【p4】曹操献刀:董卓欺主弄权,曹操借王允七星宝刀进府行刺。
见董卓躺下,急抽刀欲刺,董卓在穿衣镜内看见了曹操的动作,转身相问。
曹操急中生智说:“我得一口宝刀,欲献恩相。
”董卓接刀一看,果然是一口宝刀。
董卓引曹操出阁看马,曹操谢道:“愿借马一试。
”然后快马加鞭,逃之夭夭。
链接:欺骗叔父、【p14】割发代首、【p19】望梅止渴、【p13】借首平怨、梦中杀人等2.一些《三国演义》中的重要情节:【p6】(1)温酒斩华雄:袁绍率十八路诸侯讨伐董卓,虎牢关守将华雄一连斩杀联军多员大将。
关羽主动请缨,因为身份低微而受他人嘲笑。
关羽于是立下军令状。
曹操觉得他是英雄,奉温好的美酒一杯,关羽道:“酒且斟下,某去便来。
”关羽瞬间拿了华雄的首级回营,此时酒尚未冷。
【p13】(2)割发代首:建安三年夏,曹操再次率军攻打张绣。
正当麦熟之时,他下令大小将领,凡过麦田,践踏的斩首。
不料他本人所乘之马突然受惊,窜入麦田中,踏坏一大片麦子。
他召来行军主簿议已之罪,主簿为难,曹操欲拔剑自刎,左右救住,他沉吟良久,用剑割下自己的头发代替斩首以严明军纪。
【p20】(3)煮酒论英雄:曹操派人请刘备到小亭煮青梅喝酒。
曹操问刘备当世英雄是谁,刘备说了几个人,都被否定。
刘备反问曹操,曹操说:“今天下英雄,惟使君与操耳!”刘备惊得手中的筷子掉在地下。
突然天降大雨,雷声大作,刘备说是因为害怕打雷,才掉了筷子。
曹操认为刘备胆小如鼠,再也不疑刘备了。
【p42】(4)子龙单骑救主:赵云与甘糜二夫人及幼主阿斗失散,拍马于乱军中寻觅,先救了甘夫人,反身又入敌阵找寻.糜夫人伤重让赵云快走,自己投枯井而死,赵云便将阿斗抱护在怀中,杀开血路来见刘备。
刘备接过儿子掷之于地说:为这孺子差点损我一员大将。
【p44】(5)张飞大闹长坂桥:文聘追赵云至长坂桥,见张飞立马桥上,疑桥东有伏兵,不敢近前。
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AWhen I learned that my 71-year-old mother was playing Scrabble – a word game – against herself, I knew I had to do something. My husband suggested we give her a computer to play against. I wasn’t sure my mother was ready for it. After all, it had taken 15 years to persuade her to buy an electric cooker. Even so, we packed up our old computer and delivered it to my parents’ home. And so began my mother’s adventure in the world of computers.It also marked the beginning of an u nusual teaching task for me. I’ve taught people of all ages, but I never thought I would be teaching my mother how to do anything she has been teaching me all my life: to cook and sew; to enjoy the good times and put up with the bad. Now it was my turn to give something back.It wasn’t easy at the beginning. There was so much to explain and to introduce. Slowly but surely, my mother caught on, making notes in a little notebook. After a few months of scrabble and other games, I decided it was time to introduce her to word processing(文字处理). This proved to be a bigger challenge to her, so I gave her some homework. I asked her to write me a letter, using different letter types, colors and space.“Are you this demanding with your kindergarten pupils?” she asked.“No, of course not,” I said. “They already know how to use a computer.”My mother isn’t the only one experiencing a fast personal growth period. Thanks to the computer, my father has finally got over his phone allergy (过敏反映). For as long as I can remember, any time I called, my mother would answer. Dad and I have had more phone conversations in the last month than we’ve had in the past 20 years.67. What does the author do?A. She is a cook.B. She is a teacher.C. She is a housewife.D. She is a computer engineer.68. The author decided to give her mother a computer _______.A. to let her have more chances to write lettersB. to support her in doing her homeworkC. to help her through the bad timesD. to make her life more enjoyable69. The author asked her mother to write her a letter _______.A. because he mother had stopped using the telephoneB. because she wanted to keep in touch with her motherC. so that her mother could practice what she had learnedD. so that her mother could be free from housework70. After the computer was brought home, the author’s father _______.A. lost interest in cookingB. took more phone callsC. played more gamesD. began to use itBHiring a self-drive car really adds to the enjoyment of your holiday. There are so many places of interest to visit, and if you enjoy seeing more than just the city center there’s no better way to explore than by car.Hire ChargesWhat’s includeda) Unlimited distance of milesb) Expenses on maintenance (保养) and repairs, which will be repaid on production of invoices (发票)c) Full insurance except personal accident (see below) and contents.What’s not includeda) personal accident insuranceb) Garaging, petrol, parking and traffic fines.Conditions of HireThe shortest rental period at these special low prices is three days. For prices for periods of one or two days you only see our representative at the hotel.Car hire must be booked six weeks or more before arrival in London to guarantee a car. But if you have been unable to make a booking in advance please see yourrepresentative at the hotel who may still be able to help you.The car types on the sheet are examples of the types of cars in each price range, but a particular car cannot be guaranteed.If you decide to hire a car, just fill in the Booking Form and return it to us. A booking of fee £12 as part of the car hire cost is required.Should you be forced to cancel (取消) your car hire booking after payment in full (two weeks before date of hire), a cancellation charge of £12 will be made.1. From the advertisement we can see a car hired will pay ______.A.insurance against damage to the carB.insurance against injury to the driverC.the cost of maintenance of the carD.the cost of repairs of the car2. Which of the following is true judging from the advertisement?A.If your rental period is beyond three days, you have to see the representative atthe hotel.B. A car is not available if you don’t book it in advanceC.You are required to fill in a form before you hire a carD.The company can provide all kinds of cars you need3. If car hirer change their minds after paying the whole cost of hiring, the £12 booking fee is ______.A. partly retunedB. doubly paidC. Not returned at allD. returned within six weeksCMy summer hols wr CWOT. B4, WE USED 2go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr3 :-@ KIDS FTF. ILNY, its gr8.Can you understand this sentence? If you can’t, don’t feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet orcellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the “translation” of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it’s great.Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students’ writing. They fear the language could become corrupted(面目全非的).Everyone should just relax, say linguists. They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. “People get better at writing by writing,” he says. “Kids who are now doing text messaging,e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.”Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that whe n today’s teenagers become tomorrow’s parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”; they simply change to meet the new needs.However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, “I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it’s important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.”Perhaps, we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, “I wouldn’t use text language in my homework. Text is just for fun.”57. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?A. To give an example of foreign paragraph.B. To show an example of creative method.C. To express worries about using Netspeak.D. To lead in the topic of Netspeak.58. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Cynthia McVry points out teenagers can deal with Netspeak properly.B. Geoffrey Nunberg believes Netspeakers can write Standard English.C. David Crystal thinks Netspeak helps develop the habit of writing.D. James Milroy says that language is changing and improving.59. The expression “bet your bottom dollar” in paragrap5 meansA. be fairly sureB. be greatly surprisedC. think it a pityD. find it interesting60. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Netspeak: A Widely-Used Language on InternetB. Is Netspeak Harming the English Language?C. Is Netspeak Helpful in Language Learning?D. Netspeak: Advantages and DisadvantagesDEvery living thing has a physical boundary that separates it from its outside environment. Beginning with the simple cell and ending with man, every organism has a certain limit which marks where it begins and ends.Anyone who has had experience with dogs, particularly in the countryside such as on farms, is familiar with the way in which the dog handles space. In the first place, the dog knows the limits of his master’s yard and will defend it against encroachment (侵入). There are also certain places where he sleeps: a spot next to the fireplace, a spot in the kitchen, or one in the dining room if he is allowed there. In short, a dog has fixed points to which he returns time after time depending upon the occasion. One can also observe that the dog creates the zone he is in, a trespasser (非法进入者) can cause different response of the dog when he crosses the invisible lines which are meaningful to the dog.This is particularly noticeable in females with her babies. A mother who has newbabies in a little-used barn will take the barn as her territory (地盘). When the door opens she may make a slight movement in one corner. Nothing else may happen as the trespasser moves ten or fifteen feet into the barn. Then the dog may raise her head or get up, circle about and lie down as another invisible boundary is crossed. One can tell about where the line is by going backwards and watching when her head goes down. As additional lines are crossed, there will be other signals, a thump (重击) of the tail, and a howl. One can observe comparable behavior in other vertebrates such as fish, birds.1. A dog on a farm knows _____.A. the size of its master’s yard is limitedB. a dining room is where it should sleepC. it should not sleep next to the fireplaceD. where the furthest edge of his yard is2. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that mother dogs ______.A. have a strong sense of owning their territoryB. have a tendency to protect their babies carefullyC. are ready to attack strangers coming towards them.D. prefer to raise their babies in barns3. The underlines word “comparable” ( in Paragraph3) probably means _____.A. similarB. differentC. sameD. familiar4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Dogs sleep at fixed places in the yard or house.B. Dogs will respond to the territory trespasser.C. The boundary is visible and meaningful to dogs.D. Fish and birds should both belong to vertebratesFor the rest of March, a disease will sweep across the US. It will keep kids home from school. 1 Employees will suddenly lose their ability to concentrate.The disease, known as “March Madness”, refers to the yearly 65-team US men’s college basketball tour na ment. 2 Teams compete against each other in asingle-elimination (单局淘汰) tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness. The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game. Friends compete against friends. Husbands against wives. Colleagues against bosses.Big-name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little-known universities.This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Two years ago, the little-known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. 3College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. 4 About $ 4 billion will be spent gambling (赌) on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will bring in $ 500 million in advertising income this year, topping the post –season income of every US professional league, including that of the NBA.A. The players will go all out for the games.B. But that doesn’t mean money isn’t involved.C. College students will ig no re piles of homework.D. People are willing to spend more money on watching it.E. It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April.F. Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament.C E B F。