the ages of man
Seven ages of man
The Seven Ages of ManAll the world's a stage,大千世界是个舞台,And all the men and women merely players;所有男男女女不外是戏子;They have their exits and their entrances;各有登场和退场,And one man in his time plays many parts,一生扮演着那么些角色,His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,七样年龄分七幕.首先是婴儿,Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms;在奶妈怀中啼哭着,呕吐着。
Then the whining school-boy, with his satchel接着是怨天尤人的小学生,背着书包,And shining morning face, creeping like snail挂着洁亮晨光的面孔,象蜗牛般Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,勉强爬行上学。
跟着是情人,Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad叹息得象锅炉,专为情妇的Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier,娥眉作悲歌。
随后是士兵,Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the leopard, 胡子象豹的, 满是新奇的骂人话,Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,吵架时鲁莽冲动,却热衷荣誉,Seeking the bubble reputation追求那泡沫般的名声Even in the cannon's mouth. And then the justice, 连火炮口也不怕。
高级英语1课后LESSON+6--11翻译练习
⾼级英语1课后LESSON+6--11翻译练习LESSON 6Ⅻ. TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into English, using the following words or expressions in the brackets:1）汤姆的聪明丝毫不亚于班上的第⼀名学⽣。
2）对贫困的担⼼使他忧虑重重。
3）洞庭湖盛产鱼虾。
4）在压⼒下，他别⽆办法，只好离职。
5）那时许多⼉童死于天花。
6）他发现船舱⾥进了很多⽔，⼗分惊恐。
7）直到半夜医⽣才做完这项复杂的⼤⼿术。
8）彼得的特点真是如此。
9）历史课使我对古代⽂明有所了解。
10）新上演的那出话剧充分表现了年轻⼈的追求与烦恼。
B. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. (Para.2)马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他⼀⽣之中有超过三分之⼀的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新⽣活，尔后便以作家和演说家的⾝分将他所感受到的这⼀切介绍给全世界。
2All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic. (Para.4)所有这⼀切，连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语⾔，后来都有机会在他的作品中得以再现。
安徽省部分高中2024届高考仿真卷英语试卷含解析
安徽省部分高中2024届高考仿真卷英语试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．The health of garden plants depends on the soil _____ --the proper balance of mineral pieces, organic matter, air and water.A．construction B．conservationC．corporation D．composition.2．The researchers who study jokes want to find out _______ people from different nations and cultures find funny. A．why B．thatC．what D．whether3．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________.A．purpose B．reference C．memory D．assessment4．Cells are important because they are organized structures that help living thing the activities of life. A．carry on B．expand onC．put on D．hang on5．It was in that small house ________ was built with stones by his father ________ he spent his childhood.A．that; where B．which; thatC．which; which D．that; which6．It’s always difficult ______ in a foreign country, especially when you don’t speak the language.A．being B．to beC．having been D．to have been7．Don’t touch your eyes, nose and mouth, because they aren’t covered by skin and can _______ the virus more easily. A．take up B．pick up C．make up D．set up8．_______ it is so hot, I guess we can’t do anything until after dark.A．In case B．Now that C．Even if D．As though9．Everything is amazing. Thank you all. We without your help.A．can’t make it B．mustn’t have madeC．won’t make D．couldn’ t have made it10．—What about asking these new graduates to take on the task?—I m afraid not．While they are energetic and ambitious, _____ of them seems to be suitable for this demanding job．A．no one B．everyone C．none D．few11．Don’t throw away the old books．Give them to ____needs them．A．whoever B．anyone C．who D．whomever12．Only after talking to two students that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A．I did discover B．did I discoverC．I discovered D．discovered13．Communication can help you gain more respect from your parents, and you may be able to reach ____ that make everyone happy.A．compromises B．contributions C．congratulations D．competitions14．—I have been considering cancelling the project because it seems hard to go farther.—But it's too early to________ now. There's still much hope.A．pick up the pieces B．throw in the towelC．go through your paces D．jump down your throat15．—Have you watched the film “Avatar”?— Not yet. But I the film is worth watching.A．am told B．was told C．have told D．have been told16．We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.A．attempts B．requestsC．doubts D．promises17．"We can not afford limited progress. We need rapid progress," Ban said at the Third World Climate Conference in Geneva, by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).A．organized B．being organized C．organizing D．was organized18．— Y ou've got your flat furnished, haven't you?— Y es, I ______ some used furniture and it was a real bargain.A．will buy B．have boughtC．had bought D．bought19．---Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month?---No, we____ it, but we spent too much time shopping．A．could have visited B．must have visitedC．can't have visited D．shouldn't have visited20．---- What do you think of zoology?---- In my opinion, zoology is ______ botany.A．a subject so interesting as B．as a interesting subject asC．as interesting a subject as D．interesting as a subject as第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
高中英语必背美文
高中英语必背美文散文,是文学王国里的奇葩,它以形式的自由,题材的多样,内容的丰富而极富艺术魅力,具有独特的审美特质,因而被誉为美文。
下面是店铺带来的高中英语必背经典美文，欢迎阅读!高中英语必背经典美文篇一When You are Old by W.B YEATS当你年老时，叶芝When you are old and grey and full of sleep,当你年老，鬓斑，睡意昏沉，And nodding by the fire, take down this book,在炉旁打盹时，取下这本书，And slowly read, and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;慢慢诵读，梦忆从前你双眸，神色柔和，眼波中倒影深深;How many loved your moments of glad grace,多少人爱你风韵妩媚的时光，And loved your beauty with love false or true,爱你的美丽出自假意或真情，But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,但唯有一人爱你灵魂的至诚，And loved the sorrows of your changing face;爱你渐衰的脸上愁苦的风霜;And bending down beside the glowing bars,弯下身子，在炽红的壁炉边，Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled忧伤地低诉，爱神如何逃走，And paced upon the mountains overhead在头顶上的群山巅漫步闲游，And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.把他的面孔隐没在繁星中间。
高中英语必背经典美文篇二Elegy 9 by Ovid, translated by Christopher MarloweYet should I curse a god, if he but said,Live without love, so sweet ill is a maid.For when my loathing it of heat deprives me,I know not whether my mind's whirlwind drives me.Even as a headstrong courser bears away,His rider vainly striving him to stay,Or as a sudden gale thrusts into sea,The haven touching bark now near the lea,So wavering Cupid brings me back amain,And purple Love resumes his darts again.Strike boy, I offer thee my naked breast,Here thou hast strength, here thy right hand doth rest.Here of themselves thy shafts come, as if shot,Better then I their quiver knows them not.Hapless is he that all the night lies quiet and slumb'ring, thinks himself much blessed by it.Fool, what is sleep but image of cold death,Long shalt thou rest when Fates expire thy breath.But me let crafty damsels words deceive,Great joys by hope I inly shall conceive.Now let her flatter me, now chide me hard,Let me enjoy her oft, oft be debarr'd.Cupid by thee, Mars in great doubt doth trample,And thy step-father fights by thy example.Light art thou, and more windy then thy wings,Joys with uncertain faith thou tak'st and brings.Yet Love, if thou with thy fair mother hear ,Within my breast no desert empire bear.Subdue the wandring wenches to thy reign,So of both people shalt thou homage gain.高中英语必背经典美文篇三the price of a miracle奇迹的价格Tess was a precocious eight-year-old girl when she heard her Mom and Dad talking about her little brother, Andrew.听爸爸妈妈谈起小弟安德鲁的事情时，苔丝已是一个早熟的8岁小女孩。
MBA联考真题附答案
M B A联考真题附答案 This model paper was revised by LINDA on December 15, 2012.20年MBA/MPA联考真题目录2013年MBA/MPA/MPACC考试大纲及真题：（一）算术1．整数（1）整数及其运算（2）整除、公倍数、公约数（3）奇数、偶数（4）质数、合数2.分数、小数、百分数3.比与比例4.数轴与绝对值（二）代数1．整式（1）整式及其运算（2）整式的因式与因式分解2．分式及其运算3．函数（1）集合（2）一元二次函数及其图像（3）指数函数、对数函数（保留2012年1月新增加考点）4．代数方程（1）一元一次方程（2）一元二次方程（3）二元一次方程组5．不等式（1）不等式的性质（2）均值不等式（3）不等式求解一元一次不等式(组)，一元二次不等式，简单绝对值不等式，简单分式不等式。
6．数列、等差数列、等比数列（三）几何1．平面图形（1）三角形（2）四边形(矩形、平行四边形、梯形)（3）圆与扇形2．空间几何体（保留2012年1月新增加考点）（1）长方体（2）圆柱体（3）球体3．平面解析几何（1）平面直角坐标系（2）直线方程与圆的方程（3）两点间距离公式与点到直线的距离公式（四）数据分析l．计数原理（1）加法原理、乘法原理（2）排列与排列数（3）组合与组合数2．数据描述（1）平均值（2）方差与标准差（保留2012年1月新增加考点）（3）数据的图表表示直方图，饼图，数表。
3．概率（1）事件及其简单运算（2）加法公式（3）乘法公式（4）古典概型（5）贝努里概型（一）2012年MBA综合真题及答案一、问题求解题：第1～15小题，每小题三分，共45分。
下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选的字母涂黑。
1.某商品的定价为200元，受金融危机的影响，连续两次降价20%后的售价为（A）114元（B）120元（C）128元（D）144元（E）160元2.如图1，ABC是直角三角形，为正方形，已知,a，b，c，分别是的边长，则（A） a=b+c (B) a=b+c(C) a=2b+2c (D) a=b+c(E) a=2b+2c图1 图23. 如图2，一个储物罐的下半部分是底面直径与高均是20m的圆柱形、上半部分（顶部）是半球形，已知底面与顶部的造价是400元/m，侧面的造价是300元/ m,该储物罐的造价是。
英语年龄表达练习题
英语年龄表达练习题### English Age Expression Practice Questions1. Basic Age Expression- How old is your sister?- She is ten years old.- When is your father's birthday?- He will be fifty next month.2. Comparing Ages- Who is older between you and your brother?- I am three years older than my brother.- How much older is your teacher than you?- My teacher is ten years my senior.3. Age in the Past- How old were you when you started school?- I was five years old when I started school.- At what age did your grandfather retire?- My grandfather retired at the age of sixty-five.4. Approximate Ages- Guess how old is the actress in this movie?- I would say she's in her early thirties.- What age range would you put the author of this book? - The author is probably in his late forties.5. Multiples of Age- How many times older is your mother than you?- My mother is three times my age.- What is the age of your pet if a human year is seven dog years?- If my pet is seven years old, it would be equivalent to a human age of forty-nine.6. Age in Different Cultures- In some cultures, what age is considered coming of age? - In some cultures, eighteen is considered the age of majority.- At what age do children start school in the UK?- In the UK, children typically start school at the age of five.7. Historical Age Expression- At what age did Shakespeare write his first play?- It is believed that Shakespeare wrote his first play at the age of eighteen.- How old was Nelson Mandela when he became president?- Nelson Mandela was seventy-five when he became president.8. Fictional Characters' Ages- In the story, how old is the main character when they embark on their adventure?- In the story, the main character is thirty when they embark on their adventure.- What is the age of the wizard in the fantasy novel?- The wizard in the fantasy novel is hundreds of years old.9. Age and Experience- How many years of experience does the chef have?- The chef has over twenty years of experience.- At what age did the scientist make their groundbreaking discovery?- The scientist made their groundbreaking discovery atthe age of thirty-two.10. Age in Sports- What is the minimum age to participate in this marathon? - The minimum age to participate in this marathon is eighteen.- How old was the youngest player to win a tennis Grand Slam?- The youngest player to win a tennis Grand Slam was eighteen.11. Age in Technology- At what age did Bill Gates start Microsoft?- Bill Gates started Microsoft at the age of twenty.- How old was Steve Jobs when Apple went public?- Steve Jobs was twenty-three when Apple went public.12. Age and Health- What is considered the golden age for maintaining physical fitness?- The thirties to forties are often considered the golden age for maintaining physical fitness.- At what age do people typically start experiencing age-related health issues?- People typically start experiencing age-relatedhealth issues in their sixties.13. Age and Retirement- What is the average retirement age in your country?- The average retirement age in my country is sixty-five.- At what age did your grandparents retire?- My grandparents retired at the age of sixty-two.14. Age and Education- What is the age when children usually start kindergarten?- Children usually start kindergarten at the age offive.- What is the typical age for graduating from high school? - The typical age for graduating from high school is eighteen.15. Age and Career- At what age did the CEO start their own company?- The CEO started their own company at the age ofthirty.- How old was the youngest person to become a CEO?- The youngest person to become a CEO was twenty-five.This set of practice questions is designed to help you become more comfortable with expressing age in English, covering a range of contexts from personal to professional, and from everyday life to historical events.。
北京市2017-2019年三年中考英语考试试题分类汇编：根据短文内容回答问题(含解析)
根据短文内容回答问题2017八、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10 分，每小题2 分）61．What's in a Name？Many American names come from England．But where did most English names come from？Centuries ago，most people in England had only one name﹣﹣their first name．In the 11th century，five or six of the 50people in a village might be named William，and it was easy to get confused．But in the Middle Ages，people found a way to describe each person exactly．If there were four Williams in one village，one might be referred to as William the son of John．A second might be called William from the hill．A third，William the blacksmith（铁匠）．And a fourth，William the brown haired．In conversation，people might refer to the four Williams as William John's son，William hill，William smith，and William brown．It was 300or 400years before the extra （附加的）names gradually developed into last names，orsurnames．They were passed on from generation to generation．By the 1300s，Robert，the son of Williamsmith，had the name Robert smith，even if he was not a blacksmith like his father．As the last name became widely accepted，the first letter was capitalized，as in Robert Smith．By the 15th century，most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames．Many surnames were based on father﹣son relations．The"son of"part was added to the father's firstname，like Johnson，meaning John's son．Sometimes it was shortened to just"s"，as in Jones or Evans．Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived．They are the most common type of surname．A third kind of surname was based on a person's job．Forester was someone who looked after the forest．In the Middle Ages，occupation names such as Baker，Carpenter，and Miller became common．The fourth kind of surname was nickname（绰号）．A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear．Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common？The most common surname in theEnglish language is Smith．Being able to make metals（金属）into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages，and many people were trained as blacksmiths．The most common American surnames are Smith，Johnson，William and Brown．61．Where do many American names come from？62．When did people find a way to describe each person exactly？63．How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names？64．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？65．Why were many people trained blacksmith in the Middle Ages？八、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10 分，每小题2 分）61．What's in a Name？Many American names come from England．But where did most English names come from？Centuries ago，most people in England had only one name﹣﹣their first name．In the 11th century，five or six of the 50people in a village might be named William，and it was easy to get confused．But in the Middle Ages，people found a way to describe each person exactly．If there were four Williams in one village，one might be referred to as William the son of John．A second might be called William from the hill．A third，William the blacksmith（铁匠）．And a fourth，William the brown haired．In conversation，people might refer to the four Williams as William John's son，William hill，William smith，and William brown．It was 300or 400years before the extra （附加的）names gradually developed into last names，orsurnames．They were passed on from generation to generation．By the 1300s，Robert，the son of Williamsmith，had the name Robert smith，even if he was not a blacksmith like his father．As the last name became widely accepted，the first letter was capitalized，as in Robert Smith．By the 15th century，most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames．Many surnames were based on father﹣son relations．The"son of"part was added to the father's firstname，like Johnson，meaning John's son．Sometimes it was shortened to just"s"，as in Jones or Evans．Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived．They are the most common type ofsurname．A third kind of surname was based on a person's job．Forester was someone who looked after the forest．In the Middle Ages，occupation names such as Baker，Carpenter，and Miller became common．The fourth kind of surname was nickname（绰号）．A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear．Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common？The most common surname in the English language is Smith．Being able to make metals（金属）into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages，and many people were trained as blacksmiths．The most common American surnames are Smith，Johnson，William and Brown．61．Where do many American names come from？62．When did people find a way to describe each person exactly？63．How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names？64．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？65．Why were many people trained blacksmith in the Middle Ages？【考点】P7：阅读表达．【分析】短文主要介绍了美国人的名字以及英国人的名字尤其是姓的来源，以及名字背后的意义等．【解答】答案：61．England．细节理解题．根据第二段句子Many American names come from England．许多美国人的名字来自英国．可知来自英国．故答案为England．62．In the middle ages．细节理解题．根据第三段第二行句子But in the Middle Ages，people found a way to describe each person exactly．但在中世纪，人们找到了一种方法来描述每个人．可知是中世纪．故答案为In the middle ages．63.300 or 400 years．细节理解题．根据第四段句子It was 300or 400years before the extra （附加的）names gradually developed into last names，or surnames．过了300或者400年，这些名字逐渐发展成姓，或者姓氏．可知是过了300或者400年，故答案为300 or 400 years．64．Many surnames were based on father﹣son relation．细节理解题．根据第四段内容及其Many surnames were based on father﹣son relations．The"son of"part was added to the father's first name，like Johnson，meaning John's son．许多姓氏是以父子关系为基础的，"部分的儿子名字"被添加到父亲的第一个名字，像约翰逊，意思是约翰的儿子．可知主要讲的是许多姓氏都是基于父子关系的．故答案为Many surnames were based on father﹣son relation．65．Because being able to make metals into tools was an important still in the Middle Ages．细节理解题．根据最后一段句子The most common surname in the English language is Smith．Being able to make metals（金属）into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages，and many people were trained as blacksmiths．可知因为在中世纪能够使金属工具是重要的．故答案为Because being able to make meyals into tools was an important still in the Middle Ages．2018四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题2分）When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact”．Some schools have U grade for“unsatisfactory”,or I grade for “incomplete”.Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has beenused pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale: A: 95-100%(excellent) B: 85-94%(good) C: 76-84%(fair)D: 75%(barely passed) E: below 75%(failed)We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F.There is no evidence(证据) to really support this,but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.Why do we have letter grades? Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.Today,more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect(反映) student learning。
雅思阅读素材之人口老龄化双语
雅思阅读素材之人口老龄化双语版今天给大家带来的雅思阅读素材是关于人口老龄化带来的问题(双语)的详细内容，感兴趣的同学千万不要错过了。
雅思阅读因为文章篇幅比拟长题型偏多，所以很多同学答题时间都不够用其实这需要掌握一套做题技巧，希望今天的内容对大家的雅思阅读考试有所帮助。
近年来，老年人的现状颇为引人关注，由于子女不在身边或者子女工作忙，导致老人感到孤独。
作为子女，孝敬老人是好事。
但孝敬老人不光是要接到城里来，还要抽出点时间来多陪陪他们。
人口老化：population aging人口老化是指某地某时期内总人口中老年人口比例增加的动态过程。
根据联合国世界卫生组织定义，65岁以上老年人口占总人口的比例达百分之七时，称为“高龄化社会〞(aging society);到达百分之十四时称为“高龄社会〞(aged society);如果老年人口比例到达百分之二十时，那么称为“超高龄社会〞(hyper-aged society)。
人口老化多见于兴旺国家，特别是欧洲国家。
由于方案生育的影响，中国已于年进入了老龄化社会，在年底65岁以上人口占总人口比例为7.6%。
Among the countries currently classified by the United Nations as more developed (with a total population of 1.2 billion in ), the overall median age rose from 29.0 in 1950 to 37.3 in , and is forecast to rise to 45.5 by 2050. The corresponding figures for the world as a whole are 23.9 in 1950, 26.8 in , and 37.8 in 2050. In Japan, one of the fastest ageing countries in the world, in 1950 there were 9.3 people under 20 for every person over 65. By 2025 this ratio is forecast to be 0.59 people under 20 for every person older than 65.人口老龄化问题已经成为了全球性的问题，联合国对此进行了一系列调查。
英国社会与文化知识点试题
chapter1Ageneralsurvey1、UK全称:Officialname---theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.----theUnitedKingdomoftheUK每个nation的capitalCapitalcity NationalEmblemEngland London roseScotland Edinburgh Thistle蓟花Wales Cardiff加的夫Daffodil水仙花NorthernIreland Belfast贝尔法斯特Shamrock三叶草2、NorthernIreland:LoughNeagh:thelargestlake inBritainwhichcoversanareaof396k㎡(内伊湖)3、Scotland:BenNevis:thehighestmountain inBritain（本尼维斯山）4、Edinburgh:1.thecapitalcityofScotland2.economiccenterofScotland3.atouristcitysecondonlytoLondoninUK(RoyalMiles&PrincesStreet)皇家英里大道&王子大街（1）Edinburghcastle(十字皇宫）:symbolofEdinburgh&situatedona moundofVol（2）Windsorcastle(温莎城堡）:largestoccupiedcastle（3）Holyroodpalace（荷里路德宫）：theofficialresidence（住处）oftheMonarch oftheUnitedKingdominScotland,locatedatthebottomoftheRoyalMileinEdinburgh,attheoppo siteendtoEdinburghCastleThestoneofdestiny命运之石Coronationstone加冕石==referredtoinEnglandReferendum苏格兰公投5、EnglandMountain-thePennines(北乃恩山脉)BackboneofthecentralNorthernEnglandLondonEast-poorWest-richimportantriverinLondon：Thames泰晤士河LondonEye：thelargestFerrisWheel摩天轮inEurope/BigBen=ElizabethTowerthelargestfour-facedchimingclockWestminsterAbbey威斯敏斯特教堂PalaceofWestminster威斯敏斯特宫HouseofParliament国会大厦BuckinghamPalace白金汉宫3、FurtherinformationNationalcurrency（本国货币）：GBP=GreatBritainPound（英镑）Nationalday：Queen’sBirthday2nd SaturdayofJunesince1952实际=April21,1926Nationalflag：UnionFlagadoptedonJan1st1801Nationalflower：roseLocation：WesternEurope6、Geography(Q:DescribethegeographicalpositionofBritain?).Location---LocatedoffthenorthwestcoastofEurope ---anislandcountrysurroundedbyfourseas.tothesouthbytheEnglishChannel,whichseparatesitfromcontinentalEurope .totheeastbytheNorthSea .tothewestbytheIrishsea.tothenorthbytheAtlanticOcean 7、Land&People.veryunevenlydistributed:90%urban10%rural.Britain multiracial societyand1in20peopleareof non-European ethnicity 8、Climate :a Favorable MaritimeClimate （海洋性气候） Q:.arainy,changeableandunpredictableweather .mild （温和的）wintersandcoolsummers.asteadyandreliable （稳定的）rainfallthroughouttheyear.asmallrangeoftemperature(4-6℃inthenorthinWinter,and12-17℃inthesouthinsummer) AndFactor 影响因素.Thesurroundingwaters Q:.south-westwinds.NorthAtlanticDrift （北大西洋漂流）9、TheBritishIsles,GreatBritain,England,theUnitedKingdomandtheBritishCommonwealth Officialname+TheBritishIsles-----GreatBritain(England,Wales,Scotland) -----NorthernIreland(alsoknownasUlster)-----TheRepublicofIreland(alsotheIrishRepublic,formerly Eire) -----Numerous smallerislandsernment1、政治体制--议会制君主立宪制ConstitutionalMonarchy 君主立宪制ParliamentaryDemocracy 议会民主制 2、Monarch 君主:QueenElizabeth Ⅱ Born:April21,1926QueensinceJune2,1952 Officiallytheheadofstate,thecountryisactuallyrun BythegovernmentandledbythePrimeMinister3、MagnaCarta(=GreatCharter)大宪章KingJohn(agreedin)1215 Q:WhatpowersdoestheQueenhave? -Shereignsbutdoesnotrule(临朝不理政)Theoretically,sheisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers: .anintegralpartofthelegislature.headoftheexecutive,legislativeandjudiciarybranches .thecommander-in-chiefofallarmedforcesoftheCrown .”supremegove rn or”oftheChurchofEnglan d4、Parliament :Legislativebody Locatedin WestminsterQ:Parliamentconsistsof theSovereign,theHouseofLords&theHouseofCommons Parliament （aFrenchwordforatalking-place) .Femalesallowedtovoteuntil1918 BritishIslesUnitedKingdomIreland RepublicNorthern OfIrelandIreland GreatBritainScotlandWalesEngland WalesEngland.Aby-electionisheldwhenaMemberofParliamentdies,retiresorresigns(递补选举)Q:MainFunctionofParliament:.tomakelaws.tocontrolandcriticizetheexecutivegovernment.tocontroltheraisingandthespendingofmoney.todebatethemajorissuesofthedayTheHouseofLords上议院ConsistsoftheLordsSpiritual(神职议员)andthelordsTemporal(世俗议员）withtheLord chancellor（大法官）asthePresidentoftheHouseTheheadoftheHouseofCommons--theSpeaker议长NextonlytothePrimeMinisterHouseofCommonsnumberofmembers6505.Executive行政Executivebody:theSovereign,PrimeMinister&CabinetNo.10DowningStreet唐宁街10号→Legislature-Parliament→HouseofLords(semi-political)→HouseofCommons(Political)Monarch(non-political)→Executive:PrimeMinister&Cabinet(Political)→Judiciary:HouseofLords(non-political)Chapter3GeneralElection&PoliticalParties1.GeneralElection(1)Theelectorate(选民，有选举权者):About99%ofthepopulation(excludingcriminals,insane(疯的）people,etc)intheUKhaverighttovote.(2)Constituencies(选区):about650(3)Thetermofaparliament:5years(4)Thepartywhichholdsa majority oftheseatsinparliamentformsagovernment,withitspartyleader asPrimeMi nster(5)InBritainthecitizensaged18orover havetherighttovote.(6)InBritainacandidatemustbeatleast21orover withthedeposit（押金）of500pounds.(7)TheUK’s First-Past-the-Post(简单多数票当选)electoralsystem.Q:Itwascoinedasananalogytohorseracing1).Thewinneroftheraceisthefirsttopassaparticularpointonthetrack.2).Allotherrunnersautomaticallyandcompletelylose.3).Itis“winner-takes-all”(赢者统吃)4).Thecandidatemustreceivethelargestnumberofvoteswins.UnitedKingdomgeneralelection,2010The ConservativeParty,ledbyDavidCameron,wonthelargestnumberofvotesandseatsbutstillfelltwentyseat sshort.Thisresultedina hungparliament（悬垂议会）wherenopartywasabletocommandamajorityintheHouseofCommons.Coalitiontalks（联合声明）beganimmediatelybetweentheConservativesandtheLiberalDemocratsandlastedforfivedays.OnTuesday11M ay,BrownannouncedhisresignationasPrimeMinister,makingtheendof13yearsofLabourgovernment.Thiswas acceptedbyQueenElizabethⅡ,whotheninvitedDavidCamerontoformagovernmentandbecomePrimeMiniste r2.PoliticalPartiesHistoryofPoliticalParties---Priortothemid-19th:TheTory(托利党)TheWhig(辉格党)---Betweenthemid19th centuryand1920s:TheTories--theConservativeParty(保守党)TheWhig--theLiberalParty(自由党)---Post1920s:TheConservativePartyTheLabourPartyQ:.relativelyrichandprivileged.thepartyofthecentral-right.opposedtogreatchangesinsociety.haveabeliefinprivateenterpriseandfreedomfromstatecontrol.maintenanceoftheexistinginstitutionsasitspolicyBigNames.WinstonChurchill:PM1940-1945&1951-1955.MargretThatcher:PM1979-1990.DavidCameron:PM2010-presentQ:.relativelypoorandunderprivileged.thepartyofcentral-left(thereformist,non-revolutionary).aimingatthenationalizationasthemeansofproductionanddistribution.fewresourcesandheavilydependentonthetradeunions.haveamajoreffectonUK’s NationalHealthServiceBigNamesTonyBlair1997-2007GordonBrown2007-2010EdwardMiliband2010-2015JeremyCorbyn2015-presentChapter4Economy Introduction:1.Factoryoftheworld2.BritishDisease---amockingtermQ:Whatis“BritishDisease”?(1)atermusedtocharacterizeBritain’s economicdecline afterthewars.(2)Britain’s slowgrowth ofproductivity,soaringinflation,and largeunemployment3.a majordeveloped capitalistcountry4.6th largesteconomyin20125.3periodsofBritain economicevolution.Steadydevelopmentinthe50sand60s;.Economicrecessioninthe70s;.Economicrecoveryinthe80s;.Bythe1880s,dominant intheworld,*onethirdof thewo rld’smanufacturedgoods*half itscoalandiron*half itscotton.By1900,overtakenby USandGermany6.ReasonsforRelativeDeclineQ:WhatcausestherelativedeclineofUKEconomy?(1).heavilyintodebtinordertofinancethewar.(2).theeraoftheBritishEmpirewasover-decolonization殖民地独立(lossesofrawmaterial&market).(3).militaryexpense(untiltheprocessofdecolonizationcompletedinthe1960s).$.lackedinvestmentinmodernequipmentandnewproducts.$.lowratesofdomesticindustrialinvestment$.highrateofoverseasinvestment$.lackofacloserelationshipbetweenindustryandbanks.Absolutedeclinea.Introductionandrelativedeclineb.ReasonsforrelativedeclineEconomyc.RecentHistoryThecurrent PrimaryIndustriesUKeconomy SecondaryIndustriesTertiaryIndustriesCasesAnalysisPositiveEffectsNegativeEffects7.Primaryindustries--EnergyProduction.5%ofnationalwealth.Coal.oilandgas:NorthSea(decline since1999).producerandexporter.offshoreoilindustry8.Secondaryindustries*manufacturing(20%ofnationalwealth)Pharmaceuticals(GlaxoSmithKline),chemicals(ICI)Aerospace航天(3rd largestintheworld)Electronicsindustry(4th largestintheworld)9.Tertiaryindustries.Serviceindustries(65ofnationalwealth).Domesticactivity:retailing,tourism.Internationalservices(10%~70%).Financialandbusinessservices10.LondonStockExchange(伦敦证券交易所)In2010,amarketcapitalization(资本总额)ofUS$2.63trillion,madeitthefourthlargeststockexchangeintheworldandthelargestin EuropeChapter5literature1.OldEnglishPeriod(449-1066)Background:TheAnglo-SaxonsfromNorthernEuropebroughttheirlanguage,thebasisofModernEnglish,asw ellasaspecific poetictradition.OldEnglishliteratureisalsocalledAnglo-SaxonLiterature.✓Beowulf《贝奥武夫》:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons北欧大陆盎人迁移英格兰的英雄史诗，杀死海怪(seamonsterGrendel)teMedieval(中世纪)EnglishLiterature(1066-14thcentury)difficultiesandcalamities(灾害),suchasfamine,plague,andwar,(darkage)theBlackDeathfolkliterature(民间文学)✓RobinHood《罗宾汉》*GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里.乔叟-thefatherofEnglishpoetry(wisdom,humor,humanity)✓TheCanterburyTales．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．《坎特伯雷故事集》(26stories) Itismadeupofaseriesofstoriestoldby pilgrims(朝圣者）toentertaineachotherontheirwaytotheChristianChurchatCanterbury3.EnglishRenaissancePeriod(15thcentury-early17th century)Staredin ItalyTheRenaissance-a Frenchword whichmeans rebirthorrevivalHumanism人文主义-theessence(本质)oftheRenaissance,thedignityofhumanbeing(人的尊严)&theimportanceofthepresentlife(珍惜当下).PeakofEnglishRenaissance:ElizabethanDrama英国文艺复兴时期的巅峰:伊丽莎白戏剧*WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亚(1564-1616)✓Tragedies:RomeoandJuliet,Hamlet,Othello,KingLear李尔王,Macbeth麦克白✓HistoricalPlays:RichardⅢ,RichardⅡ,HenryⅣ,HenryⅤ✓Comedies:TheTamingoftheShrew悍妇,AMidsummerNight’sDream仲夏夜之梦,TwelfthNight,TheTempest,TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人Sonnet十四行诗(Afourteen-linelyricpoemwithasingletheme,usuallywritteniniambicpentameter)抑扬格五步格诗*ThomasMore托马斯.莫尔(1478-1535)✓Utopia《乌托邦》*JohnMilton约翰.弥尔顿(1608-1674)✓ParadiseLost《失乐园》*FrancisBacon弗兰西斯.培根✓Essays《随笔》4.TheNeoclassicalPeriod(新古典主义时期1660-1798)*AlexanderPope亚历山大.蒲伯(1688-1744)✓AnEssayonMan人论(=ParadiseLost)*SamuelJohnson塞缪尔.约翰逊✓TheDictionaryofEnglishLanguage/London(英语辞典)9年*JonathanSwift乔纳森.斯威夫特✓Gulliver'sTravels格列夫游记*DanielDefoe丹尼尔.笛福✓RobinsonCrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记*HenryFielding亨利.菲尔丁英国小说之父✓TheHistoryofTomJones,aFounding弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事5.TheRomanticPeriod浪漫主义时期(1798-1832).twomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic) *RobertBurns罗伯特.彭斯✓ARed,RedRose一朵红红的玫瑰/AuldLongSyne往昔时光*WilliamWordsworth威廉.华兹华斯(beganwith)LyricalBallads抒情歌谣集/IWanderedLonelyasaCloud✓“湖畔”派诗人:WilliamWordsworth威廉.华兹华斯SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔.泰勒.柯勒律治RobertSouthey骚赛*SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔.泰勒.柯勒律治TheRimeofAncientMariner古舟子咏*GeorgeGordonByron乔治.戈登.拜伦✓DonJuan唐.璜*JohnKeates约翰.济慈✓OdetotheWestWind西风颂*WilliamBlake威廉.布莱克✓SongsofInnocence天真之歌✓SongsofExperience经验之歌SirWalterScott沃尔特.斯科特爵士(endedin)✓Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》(12世纪英国”狮心王”查理)*JaneAusten简.奥斯丁upper-middle-class✓SenseandSensibility理智与情感✓PrideandPrejudice傲慢与偏见✓Emma爱玛6.TheVictorianPeriod(1837-1901)维多利亚时期*CharlesDickens查尔斯.狄更斯✓OliverTwist雾都孤儿✓ATaleofTwoCities双城记✓GreatExpectations远大前程TheBronteSisters*CharlotteBronte✓JaneEyre简爱*EmilyBronte✓WutheringHeights呼啸山庄*AnneBronte✓AgnesGrey安格尼斯.格雷*WilliamThackeray威廉.萨克雷✓VanityFair名利场*ThomasHardy托马斯.哈代✓TessoftheD’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝*OscarWilde奥斯卡.王尔德✓TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales快乐王子故事集✓TheNightingaleandtheRose夜莺与玫瑰7.TheModernPeriod*GeorgeBernardShaw乔治.伯纳.萧✓SaintJoan圣女贞德✓Pygmalion卖花女(MyFairLady窈窕淑女)Chapter6EducationTheUKSchoolSystem:compulsory(义务)betweenagesof5and16years,totalof11years1、Co-educatedSchools:1).admit bothboysandgirls联合教育学校2).AcademicYear:dividedintothreeterms,withholidays atChristmas,Easter,andinthesummer3).followthe NationalCurriculumguide-lines setdownbygovernment2、StateSchool:totallyfundedbythe government andfree3、IndependentSchool:foundedbythefeeschargedtothe parents(publicschool公学)4、PrimaryEducation:Pre-schoolingwhichcalled NurserySchool5、SecondarySchools:1).GrammarSchools(文法中学3%)：“the11plus”examination,preparingstudentsforhighereducation.2).ComprehensiveSchools(综合中学83%):Noentranceexam,generaleducation.3).SecondaryModernSchool(现代中学7%)6、ThehighSchoolCurriculum:1)16years:GCSE Examination2)16-18years A-LevelCourse:3-4subjectsstudentschoosethesubjectstheywishtostudy.3)18years:A-LevelExaminationGCSE:GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(中学生毕业证书)7、HigherEducation:receivefundsfromthe centralgovernment.Theamountoffundingisbasedon itssize,thenu mberofstudentsitteaches,andtheresearchitconducts8、EntranceProcedures:1).Studentscanapplytoamaximumof6universities/institutions.2).Admission--selectiononbasisof Alevelresults&aninterview9、FamousUniversities:1)TheUniversityofOxford:1.The oldestuniversity intheEnglishspeakingword.2.TeachingexistedatOxfordin1096anddevelopedrapidlyfrom1167.2)TheUniversityofCambridge:second-oldest (1281)---TwocharacteristicsofOxfordandCambridgeCollegesystem(学院制度)Tutorialsystem(导师制度)3)TheUniversityofLondon:1.Itwasfoundedin1836.(联邦制大学)2.a federation ofcolleges4)BuckinghamUniversity:theonly independent university5)OpenUniversity:UKlargestuniversityfor part-time higherChinese&BritishEducationSystemChineseHigherEducationEliteedu.VSMassedu.EnrollmentexpansionResourcesarestrainingEducationqualityissuffering IntensecompetitioninthejobmarketUnit7BritishForeignRelation1.---imperialhistory---geopoliticaltraits 地缘政治特点 2.HowForeignPolicyismade? ForeignPolicy→ThePM&Cabinet →Governmentdepartments3.Whenthesecondworldwarended,itwasstillthelargestmilitarypowerinwesternEurope.4.TheNuclearClubRussia,USA,France,Britain,Israel,China,India,Pakistan,NorthKorea 5.WhydoesBritainhaveitsnuclearnavalforce? ---Becauseit’satraditionalseapower. YearChina Age Britain Year5PrimarySchool1 1 Elementary School6 2 27 3 38 4 49 5 5 106 6 11 SecondarySchool7 7 JuniorMiddle School12 8 8 139 9 14 GCSECourseGCSEExaminations10 10 SeniorMiddleSchoo l15 11 11 16 A-LevelCourse A-LevelExaminations12 1217 136.MemberofUNSecurityCouncil联合国安理会---oneofthefivepermanentmembers(greatinfluence)---othermembers--Russia,China,theUS,France7.MemberoftheEuropeanUnionSince19738.MemberofNATO北约---NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization---asystemofcollectivedefense9.TheCommonwealthofNations英联邦国家---TheBritishcommonwealthisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.殖民地10.TheUKanditsrelationwiththeUSA.AlliedduringWWⅡ√.WorkedtogetheragainstUUSR√.The1956SuezCrisis×11.Conclusion.Britainisnolongerasuperpower,butitstillhasgreatinfluenceinmilitarypowerintheworld(navy,nuclear).Britainforeignpolicyinfluencedmainlybyitshistoryandgeopoliticaltraits..Britainsitsataveryimportantseatinmanyinternationalinstitutions,suchastheUN,theEU,NATO,Common wealth,etc.Chapter8TheBritishMedia1.Whatfunctionsdoyouthinkthemediahave?.providepeoplewithinformationaboutpoliticalandsocialissues.provideweatherreports.carryadvertising.usedforeducationalpurposes.provideaforumforpeopletoexpresstheirviews.seekadvice.givepeopleentertainment.serveforthepoliticalandeconomicsystem.workasamonitor2.Newspaper(types)(1)Thequalitypress(thebroadsheets)严肃类大版面报纸(2)Thetabloids(thegutterpress)通俗类小版面报纸3.SomequalitynewspaperinUK(1)Times《泰晤士报》oldestdailynewspaper(2)TheDailyTelegraph《每日电讯报》--工党右(3)TheGuardian《卫报》(4)TheObserver《观察家报》oldestSundaynewspaper4.SometabloidsinUK(1).TheDailyMail《每日邮报》--保守党(2)DailyMirror《每日镜报》--工党(3)TheSun《太阳报》Chapter9Sports1.Football1)FootballAssociation(FA)2)FootballHooligans流氓，恶棍Policepatrolthestreets,pubsnearthefootballgroundsareclosed,andshopslocktheirdoor.2.TennisWimbledon温布尔顿3.GolfByScottishatSt.Andrew’s圣安德鲁斯4.HorseRacingRoyalAscot英国皇家爱斯科赛马会5.Equestrianism马术Chapter10Festival1.Religionsholiday:Christmas/Easter2.Nationalholiday:Queen'sbirthday3.Regionalholiday:EnglandBonfireNight篝火之夜NorthernIreland:St.Patrick’sDay圣帕特里克节3.17Scotland:Hogmanay除夕12.31Wales:Eisteddfod诗歌音乐比赛会Chapter4.2作家作品时代作者作品OldEnglishPeriod Beowulf《贝奥武夫》LateMedieval(中世)EnglishLiterature( 1066-14thcentury)RobinHood《罗宾汉》GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里.乔叟thefatherofEnglishpoetryTheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》EnglishRenaissancePer iod(15thcentury-early 17thcentury) WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚Tragedies:RomeoandJulietHamletOthelloKingLear李尔王Macbeth麦克白HistoricalPlaysRichard3,Richard2Henry4,Henry5Comedies:TheTamingoftheShrew悍妇AMidsummerNight’sDream仲夏夜之梦TwelfthNightTheTempestTheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人Sonnet十四行诗抑扬格五步格诗ThomasMore托马斯.莫尔(1478-1535)Utopia乌托邦JohnMilton约翰.弥尔顿(1608-1674)ParadiseLost失乐园FrancisBacon弗兰西斯.培根Essays《随笔》TheNeoclassical新古典主义Period(1660-1798) AlexanderPope亚历山大.蒲伯(1688-1744)AnEssayonMan人论，人性本恶SamuelJohnson塞缪尔.约翰逊TheDictionaryofEnglishLanguageLondonJonathanSwift乔纳森.斯威夫特Gulliver'sTravels格列夫游记DanielDefoe丹尼尔.笛福RobinsonCrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记HenryFielding亨利.菲尔丁英国小说之父TheHistoryofTomJones,aFounding弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事TheRomanticPeriod浪漫主义时期RobertBurns罗伯特.彭斯ARed,RedRose一朵红红的玫瑰AuldLongSyne往昔时光WilliamWordsworth威廉.华兹华斯LyricalBallads抒情歌谣集IWanderedLonelyasaCloudSamuelTaylorColeridgeTheRimeofAncientMariner古舟子咏GeorgeGordonByronDonJuan唐.璜JohnKeats约翰.济慈OdetoaNightingale夜莺颂PersyByssheShelley雪莱OdetotheWestWind西风颂WilliamBlake威廉.布莱克SongsofInnocence天真之歌SongofExperience经验之歌SirWalterScott斯科特爵士Ivanhoe艾凡赫JaneAusten简.奥斯丁SenseandSensibility理智与情感PrideandPrejudice傲慢与偏见Emma艾玛TheVictorianPeriod(18 37-1901) CharlesDickens查尔斯.狄更斯OliverTwist雾都孤儿ATaleofTwoCities双城记GreatExpectations远大前程CharlotteBronteJaneEyre简爱EmilyBronte WutheringHeights呼啸山庄AnneBronte AgnesGrey安格尼斯.格雷WilliamThackeray威廉.萨克雷VanityFair名利场ThomasHardy托马斯.哈代TessoftheD’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝OscarWilde奥斯卡.王尔德TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales快乐王子故事集TheNightingaleandtheRose夜莺与玫瑰TheModernPeriod GeorgeBernardShaw萧伯纳SaintJoan圣女贞德Pygmalion卖花女(MyFairLady窈窕淑女)。
英语毕业论文：老人与海-硬汉形象Code Hero in The Old Man and the Sea
题目An Analysis of “Code Hero” in The Old Man and the Sea摘要海明威是美国著名的小说家之一，小说《老人与海》使其获得了1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。
在此小说中，作者创造了一个完美的硬汉形象——桑地亚哥。
《老人与海》是一件影响广泛，寓意深刻的世界文学瑰宝，它广泛地为大众所阅读，以至有人这样认为“只要是个文化人，你就会知道海明威其人。
知道海明威，你就不可能不知道小说《老人与海》。
”为什么这部小说如此被广泛的阅读？当然，诸多方面造就了小说的成功，但是有一点，毋庸置疑，那就是作者对小说主人公桑地亚哥这一永恒的艺术形象的成功塑造给人深刻印象，让人难以忘记这个硬汉形象的代表。
本文是从分析作品中老人这一形象出发，揭示“硬汉”的特征，倡导一种坚忍不拔，永不言败的精神。
在论文引言中，我们将对小说的主要内容作一简单的叙述，揭示小说的中心思想，并提出本次设计的内容——分析小说主人公桑地亚哥这一硬汉形象特征。
后简单介绍此次论文的写作思路及框架。
论文正文的一部分为背景信息，我们通过介绍小说作者海明威的传奇一生，指出作者与小说主人公的诸多相同之处，其中最相似之处便是都具有“硬汉”精神。
在正文的第二部分，我们将结合老人捕鱼前后及在大海中航行的遭遇，具体分析小说主人公的“硬汉”形象特征。
这种特征主要表现在四个方面：首先，在任何困难情况下都不放弃希望；其次，在斗争过程中始终保持高昂的斗志，永不服输；再次，在行动上勇往直前，打不到，击不跨；最后，在漫长的斗争过程中学会忍受孤独。
本文的最后一部分为总结。
通过对小说中“硬汉”形象的分析，深刻体会“硬汉”精神对当今社会的现实意义，倡导这种坚忍不拔，永不言败的精神。
关键词：《老人与海》，海明威，“硬汉”，桑地亚哥AbstractHemingway was one of the most famous novelists in America. He created a perfect image of Code Hero: Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea which won Hemingway Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the most influential and far-reaching novels of the literary treasure of the world. It’s so widely-read that people consider that “Whatever there is an intellectual, people know Hemingway and nobody knows Hemingway without knowing his works The Old Man and the Sea. Why the novel is so widely read? Why is it so influential and why is it so loved by the people of different colors and different nations? Surely many factors may contribute to the success of the novel. But the main factor, no doubt, is the touching and unforgettable portrait of the immortal artistic figure, Santiago, a representative of Code Hero.In the introduction of the essay, I will make a brief description about the contents of this novel and point out the main idea of the novel. The content of the essay is to analyze the characteristics of Code Hero. And then I will set out framework of the essay. The first part of the body is the background information. Through the introduction to Hemingway’s legend life, we find some common points between the author and the old man, and the most familiar point is that both of them have the spirit of Code Hero. In the second part of the body, I will portray the process of his catching Marlin and fighting with the sharks. Then I will analyses the spirit of Code Hero. The spirit is concentrated on four areas: First, never give up hopes in any difficult conditions; secondly, keep daring spirit and never admit defeat in the process of fighting; thirdly, behave heroically in the actual battle; and last, endure the loneliness in the long process of the fighting. The last part of the essay is the conclusion. This paper will analyze the image of the old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, and advocate the spirit of never giving up.KEY WORDS：The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway, Code Hero, SantiagoContents摘要AbstractIntroduction (1)Chapter One The Background Information (2)1.1 About the Author (2)1.2 The Author’s View on the Novel and the Old Man (3)Chapter Two The Four Characteristics of Code Hero (5)2.1 Everlasting Hope for the Future (5)2.2 Daring Spirit for Facing the Challenge (7)2.3 Heroic Behavior in the Actual Battle (9)2.4 Loneliness Endurance in the Long Fighting (10)Conclusion (12)Acknowledgements (13)Bibliography (14)IntroductionThe Old Man and the Sea was published in 1952 and was one of Hemingway’s most successful novels which won Hemingway Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.The novel writes a very simple story which chronicles the adventure of Santiago, based on a true story of a Cuba fisherman. After eighty-four days without catching a fish, Santiago, an old Cuban hooks a giant fish. For two days and two nights the old man holds on while the fish pulls him further and further. Finally he kills the fish and ties it to his skiff. Almost at once, brutal sharks begin to take his price away. He struggles against the sharks with the harpoon, the oar, the knife, the short club. The sharks eat all but the bones of the fish. Half dead with exhaustion, he brings the skeleton home and makes his way to bed and dreams of his golden time.In the novel, Hemingway creates an immortal artistic figure, Santiago, a representative of Code Hero. Santiago is a poor fisherman who lives alone and has finally lost all will to live. Every day is the same dull, monotonous routine. His wife had died; his only comfort is a boy who is forbidden to fish determination in holding onto a gargantuan fish, Santiago is plunged into the adventure of his life, but will it bring meaning to his days? But it is the spirit of Code Hero to support him fighting and living.The chief point about Santiago is that he behaves perfectly and honorably, with great courage and endurance. While losing to the sharks the giant fish he has caught, he comes with the message that while man may grow old, and be wholly down on his luck, he can still dare to stick to the rules, persist when he is destroyed, and thus by the manner of his losing to win his victory. I also want to point out that the novel not only describes the fight between human and nature and fate but also indicates Hemingway’s Code Hero getting to its summit. Although the old man in the novel is weak and in the grim fate of pressure, he also shows the spirit of Code Hero.This paper will analyze the image of the old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, and advocate the spirit of never giving up.Chapter One The Background Information1.1 About the AuthorErnest Hemingway (1896-1961) was a novelist and short story writer who became one of the best-known American authors in his century. He was famous for his experience and unique artistic style all over the world. According to The Old Man and the Sea (1952), Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.Hemingway centers his novels on personal experience and affections. According to his works The Sun Also Rises (1926) he became the representative writer of “the Lost Generation”. He could not cope with post-war America, and therefore he introduced a new type of character in writing called the “Code Hero”. Hemingway is known to focus his novels around code heroes who struggle with the mixture of their tragic faults and the surrounding environment.Moreover, Hemingway’s creation not only originated from life true to life but superior to life. Hemingway is a realism writer, consequently, copied something mechanically. He was also a master of turning reality into fiction, representing not only what had actually happened but also what logically might happen. He didn’t lay special emphasis by his inner beauty. So Santiago leaved an indelible impression to us. Hemingway once said that The Old Man and the Sea could be in a longer novel. In the novel, he could describe many other villagers and how they made a lively life, how they were educated, how they bore children, and so on. But he omitted all those, only describing, the old man and the process of fishing the Marlin and fighting the sharks. Besides, Hemingway not only reflected real life but also expressed himself in his work. Or, we can say, Hemingway’s creation is superior to life.Santiago showed the spirit “undefeated”which Hemingway has. So Hemingway’s life attitude has been widely recognized and imitated all over the world. Hemingway is worthy to be called the Code Hero: he was born in an intensely middle-class family, Chicago, Oak Park. His father, who was a doctor, devoted to hunting, fishing and influenced on Hemingway greatlywhen he was three years old, his father gave him a fishing pole for his birthday gift. When he was ten years old, he got a hunting gun. As a boy of fourteen, he was encouraged to practice boxing. Hemingway fought in the two world wars: in the first war as a medical soldier, and the second as a reporter. He took part in World War I as an honorary lieutenant in the Red Cross. He went overseas as an ambulance driver. He was wounded many times and experienced at least 12 operations which took out 227 pieces of artillery shells. Besides, he suffered a great deal from aviation accident: his eyes injured while hunting and in African jungle he was in two airplane accidents in the spaces of two days. All these didn’t defeat Hemingway. He was such a man who turned down defeat. When he was old he was poor in health. Still he indulged himself in fishing, hunting and bull-fighting from which he pursued thrilling scenes and enjoyed himself in fighting.However there is a question, “Is Hemingway timid and pessimistic, so that he is committed suicide?” The answer, of course, is “No”, Hemingway suffered much illness and injury and he committed suicide at last. But his suicide cannot show he was timid and pessimistic. On the contrary, he set upon image of braver because he regarded his illness and injury as his “enemy”such as the sharks. He used his life as a weapon, in order to get rid of his “enemy”, he would rather choose to die. He and his “enemy” ended in common ruin.1.2 The A uthor’s View on the Novel and the Old ManHemingway defined the Code Hero as “a man with lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful” (The American Tradition in Literature, Page78). He showed, in his famous phrase for it, “grace under pressure”. The Code Hero measures himself by how well they handle the difficult situations that life throws at him. In the end the Code Hero will lose because we are all mortal, but the true measure is how a person faces death. The code believes in “Nada”, a Spanish word meaning nothing. Along with this, there is nothing after life.Hemingway’s view of human nature is that happiness is rare and is found within a man and not in his outside circumstance or surroundings. Hemingway illustrates this in three ways. First, he portrays the human nature of Santiago, the main character, as being one of humility and compassion, full of strength and pride. He is shown not as a gleefully happy man, but one whomeets life with a serene, quiet resilience. Second, Santiago’s fellow villagers are shown as shallow, with a narrow view of life compared to his. Their focus on appearances is in sharp contrast to Santiago’s focus on intrinsic values. Third, it will be shown that his rare brand of happiness comes from within.To Hemingway, the dignity of a man should be so important to that man that he is willing to die for it. Most likely that is the reason Santiago went deep into that sea, following the Marlin, tearing the skin off his hands as he held on to that line. This is also why Santiago risked his life catching the Marlin. Finally, he caught the marlin, he was proud of himself that he so extremely wanted. When the sharks attack the fish, it is as same as the sharks attacking his dignity. This is mostly why an elderly man, armed only with crude weapons would fight many sharks. As the sharks tear apart the Marlin bit by bit, it is as they are tearing apart his dignity bit by bit. That is why Santiago found the courage to fight off sharks to protect his dignity. Hemingway shows that a man will not risk his life for his dignity, then what is in that life to live for? Even though the old man lost the battle with the sharks at the end, “his obtunding and persistent determination makes him as a perfect Code Hero”(The American Tradition in Literature, Page82). He had done everything a person possibly could have. Through Santiago Hemingway told us that we are wholly down on our luck and destroyed in the end. Then we should conduct ourselves just like the old fisherman, not be pessimistic and disappointed but to keep on struggling until we get what we want. That is, undefeated spirit is most important. This is also the normal principle of Hemingway.I think Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea was Hemingway himself. In The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway was fond of him and sang high praise of him. He placed his personal experience on the old man and reflected some of his innate characters. Hemingway merged himself with Santiago in thoughts and feelings. The spirit of Santiago lasted and re-embodied on Hemingway. Throughout Santiago, the old man cannot accept the fact that he is getting old and that he slowly casting his strength. Hemingway in reality was having the same problems. He was getting old and things he once did, he no longer could do. Just as Hemingway could not accept that fact, neither could his character: Santiago. In fact, Hemingway utilized his life to show that he was an unconquerable “old lion”.Chapter Two The Four Characteristics of Code Hero2.1 Everlasting Hope for the FutureOne may lose the battle in life, but he can achieve a moral significance after his courage, bravery and ability to endure have been tested. Because hope does not die, power is not off. Even if the hope is slim, we also must try our best to fight for it. The author believes that, hope makes the old man to fight with the Marlin, fight with the sharks and fight with his own will.At the beginning of the novel, the author portrays the image of the old man. “The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of the neck. The brown blotched of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his cords. But none of these scars were flesh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page1). When we read here, we maybe show our sympathy to the old man and think that he cannot do anything. Further more, Santiago’s life is not in good condition. He lives in a shack in which there is only a bed, one chair and a place on the dirty floor to cook with charcoal. He is so poor that had no “pot of yellow rice and fish to eat”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page2). While sailing for fishing, he has only a bottle of water with him. He leads a lonely life. His wife died leaving him no children.Except a boy he once taught to fish, he has few friends. It seems that few people care him. What is more, he is a failure in catching fish. For eighty-four days he fished in a skiff without taking a fish. Eighty-four days is a long period of time. Eighty-four days without a fish is very unfortunate for a fisherman. For a weather-beaten, poverty-stricken and lonely old man like Santiago, the misery might be beyond anyone’s intolerance. For a man can tolerate failure, but can’t tolerate continuous failure. Too much failure will sure defeat a man even with strong will. For this reason, we may arrive at the conclusion that Santiago will give up fishing. But to our surprise, the color of the character is brighter in the following, “everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated” (TheOld Man and the Sea, Page2). The eyes of the old man are not stuffy and he has the eyes those “were the same color as the sea” that only the young man has, which shows the old man has a young heart as the young. “H e fitted the rope lashings of the oars onto the thole pins and, leaning forward against the thrust of the blades in the water, he began to row out of the harbor in the dark”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page18). The old man firmly insists that he will not always be unfortunate, and ships into the deep sea without looking back.What makes the old man make such a decision under the difficult condition? Through the man, the author points out—even though life is harder, even the wretched standpoint, “B ut who knows? Maybe today. Every day is a new day”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page22). This is the hope for the future, never giving up hope for the future.The author further strengthens the character of the old man—the Code Hero. When the sharks have eaten half of the Marlin, “it is silly not to hope, he thought. Besides I believe it is a sin. Do not think about sin, he thought”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page90). “he forked the tiller free from the rudder and beat and chopped with it, holding it down again and again…” Finally, he saw one shark came against the head of this fish, and he knew all was over. He swung the tiller across the shark’s head where the jaws were caught in the heaviness of the fish’s head which would not tear. He swung it once and twice and again. He heard the tiller break and he lunged at the shark with the splintered burr. He felt it go in and knowing it was sharp he drove it in again. The shark let go and rolled away. That was the last shark of the pack that came. There was nothing more for them to eat.At last, he sailed back into harbor exhaustedly, with a skeleton of his fish and a broken skiff. “S he’s good, he thought. She is sound and not harmed in any way except for the tiller. That is easily replaced” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page109). All what the old man sees are good side. He failed, however, “he is not ‘defeated’, despite the fact that has been ‘beaten’, as he himself admits, by his violation of the sacred code. He pronounces that nothing ’beat him really and that his only fault was that he ‘went out too far’”(Elegant Demeanor under Heavy Pressure, Page90).2.2 Daring Spirit for Facing the ChallengeThe process of the old man’s fishing is just like the human’s whole life. Everyone in the world lives a hard life and has to face the vast and vast sea, the greedy sharks with sharp tooth, and along with himself is just a boat and his soul that support him live in the world. Facing with the respected but fearsome nature, the human being is so insignificant. However the author has raised such a question: by what the human being should have to live in the work? At the same time, the author answered this question by portraying the way that the old man faces the sea and deals with the sharks alone.“J ust then, watching his lines, he saw one of the projecting green sticks dip sharply.” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page31) A big fish is hooked. At the first round of contest, the old man suppresses his own desire and waits the fish to eat the hook quietly. The old man’s silent sounds reflect his strong desire from the deep heart. “E at them, fish. Eat them. Pleased eat them. How fresh they are and …”“‘Come down,’ the old man said aloud. ‘Make another turn. Just smell them. Aren't they lovely? Eat them good now and then there is the tuna. Don’t be shy, fish. Eat them.’”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page31-32) With patient the old man faces the silent before the battle.Next is the contest of the strength. The old man “swing with each arm alternately on the cord with all the strength of his arm and the pivoted weight of his body.” But “nothing happened. The fish just moved away slowly and the old man could not raise him an inch.” The fish is so big that can pull away the boat to the wider deep sea. At one side is a very old man, and at the other side is unfathomable sea and unknown injuries, the readers can imagine the picture. Hegel ever said, “The great personality and the degree of firmness can only be measured by those of the opponents.”(The Image in Hemingway’s ‘The Old Man and the Sea’, Page24) The old man’s admirable courage is also demonstrated by the opponent—the sea and the sharks.On the returning voyage the old man suffers greater challenge: the Marlin’s blood draws the sharks group. The author uses much ink to portray the sharks “wide, flattened, shovel-pointed heads now and their white-tipped wide pectoral fins. They were hateful sharks, bad-smelling, scavengers as well as killers, and when they were hungry they would bite at an oar or the rudderof a boat. It was these sharks that would cut the turtle’s legs and flippers off when the turtles were asleep on the surface, and they would hit a man in the water, if they were hungry…” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page93) These portrays aim to describe the old man’s spirit. The harder the fish and the sharks are to defeat, the taller the old man’s image is.The essence of the old man is weak. “Unless sharks come,” he said out. “If sharks come, God pity him and me.”“I wish it had been a dream now and that I had never hooked the fish and was alone in bed on the newspapers.” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page89) But “man is not made defeated,”he said, “A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page89) “‘A y,’the old man said. ‘Galanos. Come on, galanos.’”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page93) “‘Fight them,’he said, ‘I’ll fight them until I die.’”“N ow they have beaten me, he thought. I am too old to club sharks to death. But I will try it as long as I have the oars and the short club and the tiller.” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page97) The old man challenges the age, and challenges the physical limit. “H e felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain that he could. I moved him, he thought. Maybe this time I can get him over. Pull, hands, he thought. Hold up, legs. Last for me, head. Last for me. You never went. This time I will pull him over.” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page78) These words and behaviors all originate from the old man’s desire to the victory and strength. The old man can talk the baseball with the child happily. And he often dreams of the lions, which can express this point strongly. Lions, in the western world, were considered as a symbol of strength and power.When the old man was young, his spirit of daring to be the number one has been accumulated. The author portrays that the old man played the hand game with a great Negro from Casablanca who was the strongest man on the docks, “they had gone one day and one night with their elbows on a chalk line on the table and their forearms straight up and their hands gripped tight. Each one was trying to force the other’s hand down onto the table.”“H e had unleashed his effort and forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. ” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page57) “H e decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough and …”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page59) It’s no doubt that, the age of being full of energy and power has gone and the old man is not stronger than ever before. But from the novel we can see that the old man is so eager to regain the power. He pursues what is called aeternal thing—dignity of the human.2.3 Heroic Behavior in the Actual BattleDefinitely a midget in spiritual couldn’t become an actual giant. If a person has strong will but he takes no actual action, he is still a midget. Santiago doesn’t only have spiritual power, he also prove his power and strength by his action. By describing the process of his fishing the Marlin and fighting with the sharks, Hemingway shows us another characteristic of Santiago as a code hero. That is, to display great tenacity and to show the death—defying spirit in the actual battle.With his exceeding self-confidence he gets rid of his bad luck and catches the fish which is longer than his skiff. The Marlin is immense and strong. Santiago and the Marlin, neither side is ready to yield. The great fish is also a remarkable and respectable fish. The Marlin is actually towing the skiff behind him. The fish moves steadily and they travels slowly on the calm water. “The contest is to see who can endure longer than the other. By this time Santiago’s straw hat cuts his forehead and he has been without nourishment for hours. But he just drinks a little water, then he rested sitting on the sitting on the unstopped mast and sail and tried not to think but only to endure”(The American Tradition in Literature, Page117). In the old man’s attitude to the fish there is the type of gallantry and heroism that Hemingway admires. This gallantry, this heroism, is paralleled by the stoical heroism of the great Marlin, like his opponent, neither gives up. In addition, the force exerted by the old man is exactly counter—balanced by the natural force being exerted at this time by the huge hidden fish. Just because the Marlin is as strong minded as Santiago himself, Santiago begins to love and respect the Marlin. Although the Marlin has swallowed the bait, he doesn’t admit his failure. “The fish made a surge that pulled him down on his face and made a cut below his eye. The blood ran down his cheek a little way. But is coagulated and dried before it reached his chin and he worked his way back to the how and rested against the wood.” At this time if Santiago cut the line and lets the fish go, he can get rid of the embracement, but that also means Santiago fails in the battle. Santiago does n’t choose such a solution. He even doesn’t think of it. When he is thirsty, he takes some water; when he is sleepy, he lies forward cramming himself against the line with all of his body, putting all hisweight onto his right hand. Even his left hand cramps and his right hand is cut by the line, he just tries his best to endure. From the old fisherman’s point of view, any pain does not matter to a man. He makes resolution to stay with the Marlin until he is dead.Then Santiago meets with a more terrible disaster. The sharks spring on the Marlin and want to take his prize away. The old fisherman doesn’t fold his hands and wait for destruction. Instead, he bravely determines to fight them until he dies. Actually the old man’s head is clear and good now. He is full of resolution to fight with them until the sharks. But he knows that there is little hope for him to win since he is so weary and so tired. He knows the failure is inevitable. But he should behave as a man in the battle field. With his blood mashed hands he rams the harpoon down onto the biggest shark, but the shark takes his harpoon away. So he lashes his knife to the butt of one of the oars. Then he takes up the oar with the knife blade snaps. In the dark, groups of sharks spring onto the Marlin. He knows that his triumph is too good to last. But on the other hand, “man is not made for defeat,” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page89) this declaration clearly presents his characteristic as a Code Hero. “This fidelity to what he believes is part of his quixotic gallantry.” In facing so many sharks, Santiago doesn’t show any fear. He pulls himself together and fights the sharks more fiercely.2.4 Loneliness Endurance in the Long FightingThe author doesn’t tell us the origins of the old man, nobody knows where he comes from, nor does no one know whether he has relatives. “He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff,”only a child companies with him. But after 40 days, the child is also going away ordered by his parents. The old man has to face the sea and the sharks. But these are not the most fearful thing, the greatest fear is loneliness. The feeling of loneliness is more fearful than loneliness itself. The only way the old man resolves it is to talk to himself.The author has many portrays that the old man is talking to himself:At the beginning, “he looked across the sea and knew how alone he was now.”But “he could see the prisms in the deep dark water and the line stretching ahead and the strange undulation of the calm. The clouds were building up now for the trade wind and he looked ahead and saw a flight of wild ducks etching themselves against the sky over the water, then blurring,then etching again,” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page22)“H e did not remember when he had first started to talk aloud when he was by himself. He had sung when he was by himself in the old days and he had sung at night, Sometimes when he was alone steering on his watch in the smacks or in the turtle boats. He had probably started to talk aloud, when alone, when the boy had left. But he did not remember.” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page29) These portrays tell us that most of the old man’s life comes with loneliness. If the boy was here, the old man is happy. When he is alone, he just talks to himself or sings loudly to make fun. “If the others heard me talking out loud they would think that I am crazy,” he said aloud. “But since I am not crazy, I do not care.” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page30) The old man even says to the bird “Stay at my house if you like, bird”, “I am sorry I cannot hoist the sail and take you in with the small breeze that is rising. But I am with a friend.” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page44)In the common time, the old man is always with the boy. But this time, the old man sails alone. When struggling with the Marlin, the old man also says to himself, “I wish I had the boy.”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page41). “I wish I had the boy,” the word appears many times in the work. I don’t think the old man hope there was someone who can help him. “H e decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough.” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page59) What he is looking forward to is that someone can see his experience, his courage and his ability. The old man is eager to be identified, and he pursues of the self-satisfaction.Through talking to himself, he overcomes the loneliness, and “he knew no man was ever alone on the sea.” (Elegant Demeanor under Heavy Pressure, Page31)。
高级英语(第三版)第二册第五课-The-Sad-Young-Men[精]可修改文字
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Para 4: The revolt was in a form of escape under cover of Bohemian way of life made possible by the prosperity of the 20’s American economy.
Para 5: American youths were eager to go to battle. Para 6: The soldiers returned, disillusioned with the war and the country,
Para 5 Eager to participate
Para 6 Disillusioned
with war & country
Para 7 Greenwich set pattern
Para 8 Whole country
followed suit
Para 9 Disappointed expatriated
Paraphrasing
• Second, it was reluctantly realized by some –subconsciously if not
openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.
高级英语unit__何兆熊
Take the quiz below to see how well you know about humanism.
1. Humanism is the assertion of the greatness of man. T/F? T
2. The earliest humanists during the period of Western Renaissance had interest only in classic literature. T/F? F
Section 1: Warm Up
Lead-in
Background Information
About the Author
Lin Yutang: a Chinese writer, translator, and editor, born in Longxi (now Zhangzhou), Fujian Province, educated in China and at Harvard, with Ph.D. from University of Leipzig in 1923. Lin spent most of his life in the United States and wrote most of his works in English.
primogenitor. T/F? F
Section 1: Warm Up
Lead-in
Background Information
6. In classic Chinese humanism, ethical philosophy is based
on human values rather than the supernatural. T/F?
fiveagesofman
在希腊神话中，人类产生以来经历了五个时代：黄金时代、白银时代、青Í­时代、英雄时代和铁器时代，它们各有不同的特点。
而黄金时代最为美好，所以我们常用黄金时代形容最美好的时光。
There are several conflicting versions about the creation of mortals. According to the myth of the ages of humankind, men and women are the creation of the gods or Zeus himself. The following is a summary of 1)Hesiod’s account. 2)Ovid describes only four ages, omitting the Age of Heroes. This tale of human degeneration 3)mingles fact and fancy in an astonishing manner, for ages of bronze and of iron are historically very real indeed.The Age of Gold. In the time when 4)Cronus (Saturn) was king in heaven, the Olympian gods made a golden race of mortals, who lived as though in a paradise, without 5)toil, trouble or cares. All good things were theirs in abundance, and the fertile earth brought forth fruit of its own accord. They lived in peace and harmony, never grew old, and died as though overcome by sleep. The earth covered over this race, but they still exist as holy spirits who wander over the earth.The Age of Silver. The Olympian gods made a second race of silver, far less favored than the one of gold. Their childhood lasted a hundred years and when they grew up their lives were short and 6)distressful. For they were arrogant against one another and refused to worship the gods or offer them sacrifice. Zeus in his anger at their senselessness hid them under the earth where they still dwell.The Age of Bronze. Zeus made a third race of mortals, a terrible and mighty one of bronze. Their 7)implements and weapons were of bronze, and they relentlessly pursued the painful and violent deeds of war. They destroyed themselves by their own hands and went down to the 8)realm of 9)Hades without leaving a name.The Age of Heroes. Zeus made still another race, also 10)valiant in war but more just and more civilized. This was the race of the heroes, also called 11)demigods, who were involved in the legendary events of Greek 12)saga. They fought, for example, at 13)Thebes and in the Trojan War. When they died, Zeus sent some of these heroes to inhabit 14)the Islands of the Blessed, a paradise at the far ends of the earth, ruled over by Cronus (Saturn), who had been deposed and freed by Zeus.The Age of Iron. Zeus made still another race, that of iron, troubled by toil and misery, although good is intermingled with their evils. It is in this age that the poet Hesiod lived, and he exclaims in woe, “Would that I were not a man of the fifth generation but had either died before or had been born later.” He predicts further mora l and physical 15)disintegration and 16)annihilation through war, until Zeus will finally destroy human beings when it comes to pass that they are born with gray hair on their temples. More and more will this become an age of wickedness, strife, and disrespect for the gods, until shame itself and righteous retribution will abandon mortals to their evil folly and doom.关于人类的创造有若干互相矛盾的说法。
阿加莎克里斯蒂的名言名句
标准辞职信21篇标准的辞职信（精选21篇）标准的辞职信篇1______:我向公司正式提出辞职。
我自20____年10月5日进入公司，到现在已经一年有余了，正是在这里我开始踏上了社会，完成了自己从一个学生到社会人的转变。
在过去的一年多里，公司给予了我许多学习和锻炼的机会，开阔眼界、增长见识。
我对公司给予的照顾表示忠心的感谢!但是，经过近段时间的思考，我越来越迷惘!我越来越觉得现在的工作、生活离自己想要的越来越远。
所以，我必须离开，去过我思想深处另一种有别于目前的生活。
我想，生活应该是在选择到适合自己的道路以后，再持之以恒地坚持!公司目前已经过了一年最忙的时间，是充电、整顿、储备人才的时刻。
相信，我的离开会很快有新生力量补充。
因为这不是我想要的工作、生活状态，所以，我现在对工作没有激情、对生活也极其懒散。
本着对公司负责的态度，为了不让公司其他同事受到我消极情绪的影响，也为了不让公司因为我出现工作上的纰漏等，我郑重向公司提出辞职，望公司给予批准!祝公司稳步发展，祝公司的领导和同事们前程似锦、鹏程万里!此致敬礼________________标准的辞职信篇2:你好!在公司工作一年中，学到了很多知识，公司的营业状态也是一直表现良好态势。
非常感激公司给予了我这样的机会在良好的环境工作和学习。
虽然在公司里基础的业务知识及专业知识已经基本掌握，但俗话说“学无止境”，有很多方面还是需不断学习。
提出辞职我想了很久，公司的环境对于业务员很照顾很保护(至少对于业务风险来说)，鉴于我的个性，要在公司自我提升及成长为独挡一面的能手，处于保护的环境下可能很难。
我自己也意识到了自己个性倾于内向，你们也有经常提醒我这一点，其实，这不管是对于公司培育人才或是我自身完善都是突破的难点。
虽然我的观念是：人需要不断的发展、进步、完善。
我也一直在努力改变，变得适应环境，以便更好的发挥自己的作用。
但是我觉得自己一直没什么突破，考虑了很久，确定了需要变换环境来磨砺。
双语美文：TheSevenAgesofMan
双语美文：TheSevenAgesofManThe Seven Ages of Manby William Shakespeare朱生豪译All the world's a stage,全世界是一个舞台，And all the men and women merely players; 所有的男男女女不过是一些演员；They have their exits and their entrances;他们都有下场的时候，也都有上场的时候。
And one man in his time plays many parts,一个人的一生中扮演着好几个角色，His acts being seven ages. At first the infant, 他的表演可以分为七个时期。
最初是婴孩，Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms;在保姆的怀中啼哭呕吐。
Then the whining school-boy, with his satchel然后是背着书包、满脸红光的学童，And shining morning face, creeping like snail像蜗牛一样慢腾腾地拖着脚步，Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,不情愿地呜咽着上学堂。
然后是情人，Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad像炉灶一样叹着气，写了一首悲哀的诗歌咏着Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier,他恋人的眉毛。
然后是一个军人，Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard, 满口发着古怪的誓，胡须长得像豹子一样，Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, 爱惜着名誉，动不动就要打架，Seeking the bubble reputationEven in the cannon's mouth. And then the justice, 在炮口上寻求着泡沫一样的荣名。
英语国家概况 谢福之 Chapter 6 literature
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
2.2 William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Jaques:
All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players;
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
1.2 The Old English Period
Old English: the epic Beowulf贝奥武夫
■ A folk legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.
ability to find universal human qualities and to put them in dramatic situations.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Blank verse is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme. In English, the meter most commonly used with blank verse has been iambic pentameter 。 无韵诗是诗歌的一种，特点是有整齐的格律，却没有韵 脚（即句尾不押韵）。英语中，无韵诗最常用的格律是抑扬 格五音步（因此无韵诗又被称为无韵五节拍诗）。每行用五 个长短格音步――十个音节组成，每首行数不拘，不压韵。 不押韵的诗称无韵诗或白体诗。 应用 多用在戏剧和叙事诗 中。莎士比亚的戏剧和弥尔顿的Paradise Lost 都是用无韵 诗写成的。 押韵的诗叫rhymed verse。无韵诗不同于自 由诗。无韵诗虽不押韵，但是有固定节奏，以扬抑格五音步 最常见。自由诗节奏不固定，如同白话。 Free verse is a form of poetry which refrains from meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern. 自由诗是一种不受格律、韵脚或其他音乐节拍约束的诗 歌形式。
The Sad Young Man翻译
•二十年代社会生活的各个方面中，被人们评论得最多、渲染得最厉害的，莫过于青年一代的叛逆之行了。
只要有只言片语提到那个时期，就会勾起中年人怀旧的回忆和青年人好奇的提问。
中年人会回忆起第一次光顾非法酒店时的那种既高兴又不安的违法犯罪的刺激感，回忆起对清教徒式的道德规范的勇猛抨击，回忆起停在乡间小路上的小轿车里颠鸾倒凤的时髦爱情试验方式；青年人则会问起有关那时的一些纵情狂欢的爵士舞会，问起那成天背着酒葫芦、勾引得女人团团转的“美男子”，问起那些“时髦少女”和“闲荡牛仔”的奇装异服和古怪行为等等的情况。
“那时的青年果真这样狂放不羁吗?”今天的青年学生们不禁好奇地向他们的师长问起这样的问题。
“那时真的有过青年一代的问题吗?”对这类问题的回答必然只能是既“对”又“不对”——说“对，，是因为人的成长过程中一贯就存在着所谓青年一代的问题；说“不对”是因为在当时的社会看来似乎是那么狂野。
那么不负责任，那么不讲道德的行为，若是用今天的正确眼光去看的话，却远远没有今天的一些迷恋爵士乐的狂荡青年的堕落行为那么耸人听闻。
实际上，青年一代的叛逆行为是当时的时代条件的必然结果。
首先，值得记住的是，这种叛逆行为并不局限于美国，而是作为百年之中第一次惨烈的战争的后遗症影响到整个西方世界。
其次，在美国，有一些人已经很不情愿地认识到——如果不是明明白白地认识到，至少是下意识地认识到——无论在政治方面还是在传统方面，我们的国家已不再是与世隔绝的了；我们所取得的国际地位使我们永远也不能再退缩到狭隘道德规范的人造围墙之后，或是躲在相邻的两大洋的地理保护之中了。
在当时的美国，摒弃维多利亚式的温文尔雅无论如何都已经是无可避免的了。
美国工业的飞速发展及其所带来的庞大的、机器轰鸣的工厂的出现，社会化大生产的非人格性，以及争强好胜意识的空前高涨，使得在较为平静而少竞争的年代里所形成的温文尔雅的礼貌行为和谦谦忍让的道德风范完全没有半点栖身之地。
不论是否发生战争，随着时代的变化．要我们的年轻一代接受与他们必须在其中拼搏求胜的这个喧嚣的商业化社会格格不入的行为准则已经变得越来越难了。
Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeled阅读理解答案
The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled 阅读理解答案The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists(人类学家). Deｓｃｒｉｐｔions like “Paleolithic(旧石器时代)Ma n”，“Neolithic(新石器时代)Man”, etc, neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twenty-first century, they will surely choose the label “Legless Man”. Histories of the time will go something like this:“In the twenty-first century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. And the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of very huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were ruined by the presence of large car parks.”The future history books might also record that we lost the right of using our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world or even less if the wing ofthe aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train, the unclear picture of the countryside constantly slides over the window. When you mention the most impressive place-names in the world, the typical 21st century traveler always says “I’ve been there.”—meaning“I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere e lse.”When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you skip all experience. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his cars and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical tiredness. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.67. Anthropologists name man nowadays “Legless Man” because _______.A．people prefer cars, buses and trains B．people travel without using legsC．lifts prevent people from walking D．people use their legs less and less68. According to the passage, what might make people lose the right of using their eyesA．The modem means of transportation. B．A bird’s-eye view of the world.C．The unclear sight from the vehicles. D．The fast-paced life style.69. From the passage, we know traveling at high speeds means _______.A．appreciating beautiful scenery B．experiencing life skillsC．focusing on the next destination D．feeling physical tiredness70. What does the author intend to tell usA．Modem transportation devices have replaced legs.B．Traveling makes the world a small place.C．Human’s history develops very fast.D．The best way to travel is on foot.DACD。
The Different Ages of Man
The Different Ages of ManIn the Age of Gold, the world was first furnished with inhabitants. This was an age of innocence and happiness. Truth and right prevailed, thought not enforced by law, no was there any in authority to threaten or to punish. The earth brought forth all things necessary for man, without his labor in plowing or sowing. Perpetual spring reigned, flowers sprang up without seed, the rivers flowed with milk and wine, and yellow honey distilled from the oaks.The Silver Age came next, inferior to the golden. Jupiter shortened the spring, and divided the year into seasons. Then, first, men suffered the extremes of heat and cold, and houses became necessary. Crops would no longer grow without planting. This was a race of manly men, but insolent and impious.Next to the Age of Silver came that of brass, more savage of temper and readier for the strife of arms, yet not altogether wicked.Last came the hardest age and worst, - of iron. Crime burst in like a flood; modesty, truth, and honor fled. The gifts of the earth were put only to nefarious uses. Fraud, violence, war at home and abroad were rife.Jupiter, observing the condition of things, burned with anger, He summoned the gods to council. Jupiter set forth to the assembly the frightful condition of the earth, and announced his intention of destroying its inhabitants, and providing a new race, unlike the present, which should be worthier of life and more reverent toward the gods. Fearing lest a conflagration might set Heaven itself on fire, he proceeded to drown the world. Speedily the race of mean and their possessions, were swept away by the deluge.Parnassus alone, of the mountains, overtopped the waves, and there Deucalion, son the Prometheus, and his wife Pyrrha, daughter of Epimetheus, found refuge - he a just man and she a faithful worshiper of the gods. Jupiter, remembering the harmless lives and pious demeanor of this pair, caused the waters to recede. Then Deucalion and Pyrrha, entering a temple defaced with slime, approached the enkindled altar and, falling prostrate, prayed for guidance and aid. The oracle answered, "Depart from the temple with head veiled and garments unbound, and cast behind you the bones of your mother." They heard the words with astonishment. Pyrrha first broke silence:"We cannot obey; we dare not profane the remains of ourparents." They sought the woods. and revolved the oracle in their minds. At last Deucalion spoke: "Either my wit fails me or the command is one we may obey without impiety. The earth is the great parent of all; the stones are her bones; these we may cast behind us; this, I think, the oracle means. They veiled their faces, unbound their garments, and, picking up stones, cast them behind them. The stones began to grow soft and to assume shape. By degrees they put on a rude resemblance to the human form. Those thrown by Deucalion became men; those by Pyrrha, women.。
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• (本段的中心句）Human achievements come in all shapes and sizes. 人类的成就 有很多种类。 划线部分意思是“许多不同种类，多种多 样的；大小不一，形态各异……” 请翻译下列句子： Modern buildings come in all shapes and sizes. Young girls’ clothes come in all shapes and sizes.
• 3. ______ the shoes look fashionable, women customers might not be satisfied with the quality of the leather. • A. Unless • B. While • C. As • D. Whether
• (本段中心句） Our ability to understand and use new technologies has also developed over the years. • Governments _____________________ • Schools and universities _____________ • Provinces and cities ________________ • Our ability to understand and use new technologies 和 key to the development of a country 中的不定式都是定语 • 请体会下列句子： • The key to success is of self-confidence. • The key to the door is lost. • Everyone has the right to receive education regardless of their ability to pay. • What gives you the right to do that? • They didn’t come up with ways to deal with the complicated problem. • View… as… • Benefit from…
• Knocking two rocks together can be just as important as sending a man to the moon. • 两块石头撞击在一起和把人类送到月球一样重要。 • 注意划线部分都是ing 结构作名词短语；同时这里 面有一个 as… as 结构，“和……一样”，我们 看长句的时候，就要注意将句子看成几个词组或 主从句组成的，而不是一个一个的单词。这样就 将长句化为短句，抓住句子主干。 • 请翻译： • 知识和能力同样重要。 • Tom 和Henry 一样高。 • 财富和健康一样重要吗？
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• Some fifteen minutes later, the hostess returned, _____ two bottles of red wine. • A. carrying • B. to carry • C. carried • D. carry
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• That’s not too difficult a task, but _____ it done within two days, I will have to make a lot of extra efforts. • A. getting • B. get • C. to have got • D. to get
• （本段的中心句）In modern times, scientific achievements have continued to drive the development of society.在现代， 科学成就继续推动社会的发展。 • 接下来的句子就从18世纪到21世纪，告诉 我们怎么推动社会发展的。 • 18-19_____________________________ • 20_______________________________ • 21______________________________
• （本段中心句）New technologies show the role and importance of scientific achievements in society. • 作者举了什么例子来说明role和 importance • _________________________________ • __________________________________ • Be seen as 被认为，看做是 • 其主动形式是see… as…
So\such…that 部分倒装
• So frightened was she in the darkness that she didn’t dare to move. • Such a fierce dog did he have that we had to wait before we could get in. • 注意：如果so\such修饰主语时，则不用倒 装。 • So few people came to his birthday that he felt disappointed.
The ages of man 人类的不同时代
• • • • The Stone Age 石器时代 The Bronze Age 青铜器时代 The Iron Age 铁器时代 The Information Age 信息时代
• 单选答案CBAB • 其他开放题目，合理即可，可以使文章中 的句子，也可以根据自己所了解的写。
• (本段 中心句）The connection between science and society is easy to see. • shape形成，塑造，对……有影响 • In turn 反过来，轮流 • In return 作为回报 • Can I buy your lunch ___ ___ for your help. • Theory is based on practice and_______ serves practice. • The wheel of scientific society • development keep on turning. • 科学发展的车轮继续转动着。
science
• (本段中心句）It takes time for a new technology to enter everyday life. • 为什么这么说呢？ __________________________________ • The first to use it 这里的不定式作定语 • 例子： • He is the first to come and the last to leave.
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• She keeps telling her husband to give up smoking, but ______. Her words just go in one ear and out the other. • A. in return • B. in turn • C. in vain • D. in particular
• The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw the widespread use of electricity and the birth of the steam engine, leading to factories and cities as we know today. • 课本P44: • The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s. • The year 1949 saw the foundation of the People’s Republic of China. • Libya, a small north Africa country, saw crime of the USA, say killing innocent people and destroying buildings.
• 大家看到这个句子主要有一个so…that 结构，课文原句将so 放到句首，我们 把这样的句型叫做倒装句
• 写一写：你可以写多少个有so…that结构的倒装句呢？如果大家能够 在作文里用上这样的倒装结构，定能让阅卷老师眼前一亮（前提是作 文没有低级错误哟），开始动笔写吧：
• • • •
• •
I am so happy that I sing a song. So happy am I that I sing a sing. He works so hard that he makes great progress. So hard does he works that he makes great progress.
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• The program ________ at the last meeting proved to be a practical way to develop the company. • A. putting forward • B. put forward • C. to be put forward • D. being put forward
• 全文总结：科学成就影响社会的发展，影 响我们的生活。
• 1.I had some unexpected visitors, but personally, I wish I ______ her party. A. would attend B. attended C. will attend D. had attended