M7 Unit 4 Public transport
牛津译林版高中英语选修七Module7Unit4PublictransportWordpower
Put the words in Part D in the box into the correct categories.
Actions Documents
get off return ticket
book a seat one-way
/ticket
ticket
Jobs conductor
captain
2. What do you think about travelling by coach, by airplane or helicopter, or by ferry or motorboat? Have you ever tried these ways of transport?
3. If you are going to Shanghai, what means of transport would you use to go there? Why?
4. If you are going to London, what means of transport would you use to go there? And why?
Read and complete the passage in Part C.
Answers:
1. m__o_t_o_rw__a_y_s
flyovers
Flyovers are roads that go over other roads.
Spaghetti junction
Spaghetti junction is made up of many intersections and flyovers, which looks like strings of spaghetti.
牛津高中英语M7 Unit4 Public transport Project课件(66张 )
2. Read for information
Traffic Accidents and Road Safety
causes
Step 2: Preparing
Read and find out : To prevent accidents, drivers should… cyclists should… pedestrians should…
3. Describe the action plan.
Summary
It’s up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety. Always keep it in mind that life is given to us only once. Please value it.
Pay attention to
the
subtitles(小标题)!
surrounding traffic 1. pay attention to ______________ annoyed in a traffic jam 2. don’t get __________ on a mobile phone drivers 3. don’t speak _______ ___ drinking 4. don’t drive after _____________ fast 5. don’t speed or drive too ________ surroundthem 1. pay attention to the cars that _________ 2. don’t ride bicycles on the____________ pavement 3. don’t carry a _____________ passenger cyclists light on the bicycle at night and check 4. have a ______ regularly to make sure it _________ works it ___________ in good 5. keep the bicycle ___ _____condition ________ crossing 1. always cross roads on a __________ pedesfor cars 2. look both ways and listen _____ trians ignore traffic lights 3. never _________
牛津译林版高中英语模块7 Unit 4 Public transport Word 教学设计 1
Unit 4 Public transport Word 教学设计11. Roads where cars can go very fast are called motorways, freeways or expressways depending on which country you line in. (P54)depend on1) to need sth, or need the help and support of someone or sth, in order to live or continue as before;Elaine depends upon Bob completely for her happiness.2) to trust someone or sth. and know that they will help you or do what you want or expect them to do:You can always depend on Michael in a crisis.[+ to infinitive] I'm depending on you to keep your promise.[+ ing form of verb] You can't always depend on the trains arriving on time.2. I will include a history of the motorboat as many people rely on this means of transport to travel long distances quickly. (P55)rely on sb./sth.1) to need a particular thing or the help and support of someone or sth. in order to continue，to work correctly，or to succeed:[+ ing form of verb] The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort.I rely on you for good advice.[+ to infinitive] I'm relying on the garage to fix the car by tomorrow.2) to trust someone or sth. or to expect them to behave in a particular way:British weather can never be relied on - it's always changing.[+ ing form of verb] Don't rely on finding me here when you get back (= I might have gone). 3. Finally，I will end the project with a survey from my classmates about their traveling experiences. (P55)endv. [I or T] to finish or stop，or to make sth. finish or stop:When is your meeting due to end？Her resignation ends months of speculation about her future.Their marriage ended in 1991.The match ended in a draw.end…with…以……方式结束I'd like to end with a song from my first album.She ended her speech with an humorous joke.。
牛津高中英语高三总复习模块七Unit 4 Public transport
n．间隔，间隙
5. choke
vi.&vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞
n．哽咽声，呛住的声音
6. undertake vt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应
语境串记基点
语段复现重点 综合演练题点 课下三板块高考提能练
7. authority
Unit 4 Public transport 结 束
保留；储备
24.punctual adj.准时的，守时的→ punctually adv.准时地，守时地 → punctuality n．准时，守时
25.aggressive adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的→ aggression n．好 斗情绪，攻击性→aggressor n．侵略者，挑衅者
26.violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯→violation n．违反
27.load n．负荷，负载；大量，许多 vt.装载，装上，装入
→download vt.下载→ upload vt.上传 28.crossing n．人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越→cross vt.穿过
语境串记基点
语段复现重点 综合演练题点 课下三板块高考提能练
问，打听
22.receptionist n．接待员→ reception n．接待处→ receive vt.接
待，招待
语境串记基点
语段复现重点 综合演练题点 课下三板块高考提能练
Unit 4 Public transport 结 束
23.reservation n．预订，预约；保留意见→ reserve v．预订，预约；
18.unbelievable adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置
M7 Unit 4 Public transport
④arise
⑤He ____________ from clerk to manager.
他由职员提升到经理。
⑤was raised
1、 link up 联系，连接
◆The two spacecraft will link up (with each other) in orbit.
句意：听到那不公平的条件，那位生气的人提
高嗓音从椅子上站起来。前一空后面没有宾语， 故用不及物动词rose。后一句后面接有宾语，故用
及物动词raise的现在分词形式，表伴随状况。
③The total output
总产量增长了20%。
பைடு நூலகம்
by 20%.
③rose
④New problems ________ when the old
get fresh air and would not choke. 由于蒸汽机冒出来的烟，早期的地铁线在一定的间 隔下有一个洞通向表面，以便让新鲜空气进来，不 会让人窒息。
本句中so that 引导目的状语从句；leading…作定语修 饰 holes。
◆This is the passage leading to his backyard.
B. dropped in at
D. dropped off
C drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人。
3、split up 分裂，破裂，离婚 ◆Jenny and Joe have split up. 珍妮和乔闹翻了。
这个政党分裂成3个小派别。
The party ________________ three small groups.
牛津译林版高中英语模块7 Unit 4 Public transport Section Ⅰ 课件
The main difference between the two is that a bus often travels on a fixed route while a coach is the means of transport for people who travel to a relatively faraway place.
C．a meeting room
D．a bomb shelter
答案：B
4．Which of the following statements about Charles Yerkes is TRUE according to the passage? A．It was Charles Yerkes that first came up with the idea that an underground system should be developed in London. B．It was Charles Yerkes together with his colleagues that dug the first railway tunnel under the River Thames.
高二Module 7 Unit 4 Public transport
Drivers not paying attention
Potential Drivers being ⑤impatient in a traffic jam _______ causes Drivers speaking on mobile phones about Drinking drivers ⑥________ and driving Drivers ⑦ speeding _______
好斗的，侵略性的 专心，专注 违反，违背
aggressive
罚款
concentration violate chief
大吃大喝，消耗
不认真对待，打发
主要的，首要的
负荷，负载
load
诱因；邀请；请帖 invitation
有秩序的，秩序井然的 orderly
What’s the meaning of these instructions ?
Passage learning Posters making
Conclusion Homework
Review the words
发生，产生 arise 极端的，极度的 extreme
原因，起因；事业
发信号 signal
cause
周围的，环绕的 拥挤，阻塞
surrounding
jam fine consume dismiss
Read the notice in Part A carefully. Then answer the first four questions in Part B.
1. What are some of the causes of traffic accidents involving vehicles? Traffic accidents involving vehicles are mainly caused by drivers who make incorrect actions, such as not paying attention while driving, being impatient in a traffic jam, speaking in a mobile phone while driving, drinking alcohol, speeding and so on. 2. How do accidents involving bicycles happen?
牛津高二英语下M7U4Public transport Welcome to the unit获奖ppt课件
Achievements have been made in the development of transport: • Before the Industrial Revolution, animals such as horses and mules were used for public transport.
decide which means of transportation you
will use?
• What are the advantages and
disadvantages of the popular means of
transport?
Factors should be taken into consideration:
in crowded cities.
High-speed trains run much faster ________________ than normal trains.
__________ Airplanes are used for rapid travel over long distances.
Group discussion
1. How do people travel within a city? 2. How do people travel to nearby cities? 3. How did people travel to a faraway city in ancient times?
Do you know these tools of transport?
light railway
helicopter
ferry
motorboat
M7U4 Public transport 复习课 牛津高中英语
M7U4 Public transport
Learning goals
1.Master the use of words as well as phrases:
inconvenient, beyond, arise from…
2.Review sentence patterns:
道，空间等）
choke up (因感情激动而）哽咽 choke back 忍住，抑制住（怒气，悲痛，泪水等） choke off 阻止，制止，限制；打断，停止，终止
choked up when she began to • She __________ talk about her mother. choked back his anger and • Father___________ didn’t scold the boy. choked off • High prices have ___________demand.
Translation 4.所有的学生都应该受到一视同仁的对待。 All students should be treated without distinction ____________________. 5. 农民们正在降价出售水果。
at a discount Farmers were selling fruits______________.
make the assumption that …
having done… 3.Write a short passage using what we have learned.
Step One Dictation
words
1. 加速，促进vt. 2. 名誉，区别n. 3.超出…prep. 4.权利，权威n. 5.不方便的adj. 6.一打，十二个n. 7.推迟，延迟v. 8.补偿，弥补 9.由…产生 10.阻塞 11.打折 12.目的是，旨在
M7U4Publictransport
M7U4 Public transportWord study活动单一、重点单词讲解1.convey：vt.搬运, 运送eg. 1) This ship conveys oil from the Middle East. 这艘船从中东运输石油。
2) This train conveys both passengers and goods. 这列火车既载客又运货。
3) A taxi conveyed us to the railway station. 一辆出租车将我们载到火车站。
表达, 传达(思想感情), 转达convey sth to sb = convey sb stheg. 1) Convey my congratulations to your brother. 代我向你弟弟表示祝贺。
2) His manner conveyed a slight nervousness. 他的态度透露出一点紧张。
3) Words cannot convey how happy I am. 言语无法表达我是多么幸福。
传导, 传播, 传染eg. 1) Air is the medium by which sound waves are conveyed.空气是声波传播的媒质。
2) A wire conveys an electric current. 导线输送电流。
In spite of his unfortunate personal experience, his songs ___a feeling of warmth and hope.A. conveyB. revealC. containD. indicate2.postpone: vt. 推迟, 延迟常用搭配：postpone doing …eg. 1) I am disappointed that you are postponing your visit next week, but I expect I will see you soon.2) The match was postponed to Saturday because of bad weather.比赛因天气不好而延迟到星期六。
高二英语模块7 Unit4 Public transport Reading 牛津英语
高二英语模块7 Unit4 Public transport Reading 牛津英语The first underground in the worldStep 1: Lead-inT: Have you heard of London?S: Yes. It’s the capital of the UK.T: When we talk about London, what will you think about? Can you give me some examples what London is famous for?S1: The Cambridge University and the Oxford University.S2: London Bridge.S3: the heavy fog.S4: the Big Ben....T: Well done, everyone. In addition to these, the underground system in London is also the oldest and the best in the world. Today we’ll learn something about the London Underground.Step 2: Fast-reading for general idea.Now let’s come to our books. Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in Part A. While reading, you just need to focus on and identify the information which is needed to answer the questions.AnswersA 1 In 1863.2 It was important because it linked with other lines at almost every station,making the system more user-friendly.3 He is the architect that designed many of the new stations built between 1918and 1938. Many of the stations are still in use today.Step 3: Detailed reading for important information1. Now read the passage again more carefully. After it, you are required to answer the questions of Part C1.AnswersC11 Most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses were required.This increased traffic on the road. The underground system transported more peoplewithout increasing traffic on the road.2 The carriages did not have windows and were pulled by steam engines through narrowtunnels.3 He bought many of the different lines and set up the Underground Group.4 The underground has functioned as a bomb shelter, an aeroplane factory, ananti-aircraft centre and meeting rooms for the government administration.5 After World War II, more lines were added because more people traveled on the underground.6 It means that many of the lines are linked at many stations. Therefore, it is veryconvenient for riders to go to different places in the city from any station.2. In the brochure, the following years indicate the important stages in the development of the London Underground. Listen to the tape and find the information to match the year.AnswersC2Date Event1854 An underground railway was decided to be built.1863 The first tunnels were opened.1868 The next section of the underground system was opened.1884 The underground service was provided in the middle ofthe city.1933 A public organization was created.1918-1938 London Transport was expanded.After 1945 More people traveled on the underground and more lineswere added.1977 The last line was added.3. Go through the passage again and find out how many parts can the passage be divided into. Step 4: Practice:1. Let’s complete Part D.Find these words in the text and try to guess their meanings according to the context, and then match the new words with their definitions.Answers1 d2 e3 b 4f 5 c 6 h 7 g 8 a2. Please finish Part E.Zhao Ning wrote an e-mail to a friend to tell him abut her trip to London. Here is part of her e-mail. Complete it using the words in the box.Answers(1) Underground (2) oldest (3) complex (4) 1863 (5)boundary(6) 1977 (7) carriages (8) user-friendly (9) World War II(10) bomb shelters3. Complete the following passage with proper words or phrases from the article on pages 50-51. Change the form where necessary.The London underground system has the (1) __________ of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world. Before 1850, train services to London had already been (2) __________, but people couldn’t build railways into the city because doing that would cause great (3) __________ to many historic buildings. So many buses were needed to (4) __________ people to the city centre, which, however, often (5) __________ traffic. This problem led to the development of the underground system.In 1854, Metropolitan Railway Company was allowed to build an underground railway and the first tunnels were opened in 1863. In 1868, the next (6) __________ of the underground system was opened by another company called the Metropolitan District Railway. In 1884, these two companies (7) __________ and provided the underground service in the middle of the city.With the development of the (8) __________ ways of digging tunnels, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884, and over the next 25 years, six (9) __________ deep underground lines were made. But because they were (10) __________ owned and far away from each other, traveling on these lines was (11) __________. Having seen the situation, Charles Yerkes,tried to improve the system. He bought many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group. In 1933, a public (12) __________ called the London Passenger Transport Board was created, which eventually became London Transport. From 1918 to 1938, the system (13) __________ a lot.During World War II, the underground system had some (14) __________ uses. For example, many underground stations once (15) __________ as bomb shelters. After the war, more lines were added. Now, the network of the underground system includes 12 lines and goes 26 miles out of central London. Three million people travel on the underground every day. Can you imagine what London would be if there were no such underground system?Answer(1) distinction (2) developed (3) damage (4) transport(5) choked off (6) section (7) linked up (8) advanced(9) independent (10) separately (11) inconvenient (12) organization(13) expanded (14) unusual (15) functioned4. Complete the second sentence without changing the meaning of the first one in each pair of sentences.1) It is said that the two companies will cooperate with each other in the future to manufacture the new car.The two companies ____________ ____________ to ____________ ____________ in the future to manufacture the new car.2)They use special chemicals to make crops grow faster.They use special chemicals to ____________ the ____________ of crops.3)Because there existed the traffic problem, the underground system developed.The traffic problem ____________ ____________ the ____________ of the underground system.4) People hold kinds of activities to show respect for Cong Fei, a “father”of 183 poor studentsin the mountain areas.Kinds of activities are held ____________ ____________ ____________ Cong Fei, a “father”of 183 poor students in the mountain areas.5)They have been trapped in the flood caused by the third typhoon this year----Ewiniar. Theyare worried about the situation.____________ ____________ ____________ in the flood caused by the third typhoon this year----Ewiniar, they are worried about the situation.6) Do you know who is in charge of the design for the Three Gorges Dam Project?Do you know who is ____________ ____________ the design for the Three Gorges Dam Project? Answers1) are said; link up 2) accelerate; growth 3) led to; development4) in honour of 5) Having been trapped 6) responsible forStep 5: Post-reading activitiesRead the instructions for Part F and discuss the three questions that follow.Step 6: Language points:VocabularyWordsunderground, commonly, tube, distinction,distant, boundary, historic. Transport,vehicle, choke, shuttle, beneath, carriage,comparatively, narrow, section, district,advanced, accelerate, pace, inconvenient,separately, acquisition, board, authority,expansion, connection, architect, function,anti-aircraft, minister, administration,user-friendly, anniversary, effectively,network, permit, sightseeing, horrible, damp,dozen, union, discount, album,Usefulexpressionscause damage to, chock off, lead to, link up,be responsible for, be in use, be used as, linkwith, in honor of, in the middle of, at adiscount, function asSentence patterns 1. Unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere.2. Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group.3. This helped make the system more user-friendly.Step 7: Homework:1. Prepare the part Word Power2. Read the passages on Page 130 of the workbook.。
高二英语模块7 Unit4 Public transport 牛津英语
高二英语模块7 Unit4 Public transportPart One Teaching Design第一部分教学设计Aims and requirements♦Read a tourist brochure about the London Underground and read a notice about road safety♦ Listen to instructions and a telephone call♦ Talk about transport and ask for travel information♦ Write an e-mail to give information♦ Make an action plan of how people can prevent traffic accidentsProcedures● Welcome to the UnitStep 1: BrainstormingT: Boys and girls, if you want to go to the park or the museum,or you want to pay a visit to your classmates, which means oftransport will you choose?S: Buses or the underground.T: If you want to pay a visit to your relatives who live ina nearby city, which means of transport will you choose? S: Coaches.T: Right. But if you want to go travailing to a far-away city, which means of transport will you choose?S: Maybe I will consider trains or planes.T: And if you want to go abroad, how will you go?S: We can only go by plane then.T: Quite good. According to different purpose, we’ll choose different means of public transport.Now let’s look at some pictures and get to know about them.Step 2: Sharing informationNow let’s study the seven pictures one by one. After that, make a comparison among all the means of transport mentioned in this section and fill in the table: Means of transport Advantages Disadvantages buses or coaches cheap and convenient easily trapped in trafficjams; not so comfortableduring peak hours becausethey are usually verycrowded; cause pollution underground fast and convenient; produce fewerexpensive to buildtraffic accidents; comfortablethe maglev train extremely fast and convenient very expensive to build ships comfortable not comfortable for thoseStep 3: Discussion:Look at the three questions below the pictures on page 49. Work in groups of four to discuss them, and then I’ll ask several groups to report your answers to the class. You can exchange and compare your answers with each other.Step 4: Homework:1. Preview the Reading passage.2. Finish the part A1 and A2 of the workbook.。
M7 Unit 4 Public transportation(练)(新高考江苏)(解析)
M7 Unit 4 Public transportation (练)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)一、单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的完全形式)1.(百度翻译)She had to ________(刹车)hard to avoid running into the car in front.【答案】brake【句意】她不得不猛踩刹车，以免撞上前面的车。
2.(百度翻译)I think we must have taken a wrong ________(拐弯)somewhere.【答案】turning【句意】我想我们一定是在什么地方拐错了弯。
3.(天津市耀华中学2020届高三上开学暑假验收)How come Meng Wanzhou, Huawei CFO, when was arrested in Canada, —she didn’t v________ any Canadian law?【答案】violate【句意】为什么华为首席财务官孟晚舟（meng wanzhou）在她没有违反任何加拿大法律的情况下在加拿大被捕？4.(北师大新版必修三Unit 9专题练)He was caught in the t________ jam. As a result, he was late for the meeting for half an hour.【答案】traffic【句意】由于交通堵塞，他开会迟到了半小时。
（一句多译）5.(哈尔滨市三中2020-2021学年高一上12月阶段性测试)The computer c________ five times in the last few minutes and I will get it repaired tomorrow.【答案】crashed【句意】这台电脑在过去几分钟里死机了五次，我明天就把它修好。
6.(贵州省黔东南州凯里一中2021届高考模拟)Charlotte ________(装载)her luggage into a taxi and set off for college.【答案】loaded【句意】夏洛特把行李装上出租车，动身去上大学。
M7U4reading
2. Some important people concerned.
3. Interesting facts.
(有关的)
4. Persuasive and interesting language.
精选完整ppt课件
7
Reading
A brochure about the first underground in the world
be possessed by L32
13.承担改善此系统 undertake the job of
的工作
improving… L34
14. 收购…的所有权obtain ownership of sth. L35
15.在…的掌管下 under the authority of…L39
16.作为/充当
1979
➢ The last line精(选w完整apsp)t课o件pened.
10
Question
What conclusion can you draw?
Lots of organizations, companies and people made contributions to the development of the London Underground.
function as L44
17.指挥反空袭 direct the defence against air
attacks L46
18.扩建地铁系统 enlarge the system L50
19.纪念
in honour of L53
20.…25周年纪念 the 25th anniversary of L53
的工程
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阜宁第一高级中学高三英语教学案
Unit 4Public transport
重点单词
【1】beneath prep. 在……下方，低于，劣于
beneath, under与below
beneath 紧贴于物体下表面，强调某物被另一物覆盖或遮住。
under 有间距，物体正下方。
The cat is asleep under the table.
猫在桌子底下睡着了。
below 表示两事物在同一建筑物内、同一座山上、人体的同一部位等，但其中一物的位置低于另一物。
They live in the apartment below us.
他们住在我们楼下的套间里。
【活学活用】
用under, beneath, below填空
①He took a novel from __________ the paper.
②There were a few farmers lying down __________ the shade of the tree.
③There was a small flower bed __________ the window.
④A fly is resting __________ the ceiling.
⑤The supplier of goods will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and sell all if he charges at or ______ the market price.
A. Below
B. beneath
C. over
D. above
【2】辨析annoy, bother
annoy 指由于干扰、不顺利或受不了某种外界情况等而“使烦恼、懊恼”。
I was annoyed by his bad manners.
他的无礼使我恼怒。
bother 指不停地“扰乱”、“麻烦”，使人不能安宁，而产生烦恼的心理。
Pardon me for bothering you with such a small matter.
请原谅我为这点小事麻烦你。
【活学活用】
The lady got ______ because the boy broke her window.
A. happy
B. annoy
C. annoyed
D. anger
【3】release n．&v. 释放，放开，发行；解脱
【活学活用】
那家人为了赎回孩子付了5万美元。
恐怖分子只有在某些条件下才释放人质。
这位男演员的新影片下个月将公开发行。
After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself he ______ it into the sea.
A. transported
B. unloaded
C. released
D. handled
【4】辨析promise, let, allow, permit
(1) promise意思是“诺言；答应，许诺”，可以接双宾语、不定式、含不定式的复合宾语或从句作宾语。
promise sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事
The father promised his daughter to teach her brother a lesson.
父亲答应他的女儿(他)给她的弟弟一个教训。
(句中的不定式to teach her brother a lesson在此作宾语，而不是宾语补足语)
He promised that the roof should be repaired within two days.
他答应两天内应该修好屋顶。
(2) let“允许、让”，常用于口语，其后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。
Don't let your child play with matches.
别让孩子玩火柴。
(3) allow“允许”，是日常用语，表示允许某人做某事时，其后接to的不定式作宾语补足语，也可用于被动
语态中。
(参见M4U2)
The boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.
老板不允许我使用电话。
(4)permit“允许”，侧重表示得到权威的认可，正式条文或法规的“准许”，多用于正式场合。
The doctor doesn't permit me to stay up.
医生并不允许我熬夜。
【活学活用】
①— Can I smoke here?
— Sorry. We don't allow ______ here.
A. people smoking
B. people smoke
C. to smoke
D. smoking
②The guard ______ the old man to enter the hall after he showed him the pass.
A. promised
B. let
C. agreed
D. permitted
【5】undertake v. (undertook, undertaken) 承担；承受；许诺；开始进行
undertake后接名词、代词或不定式作宾语，但不能接动词的－ing形式。
同时，也可接宾语从句。
【活学活用】
我保证给你买一件生日礼物。
undertake to do sth. 答应做某事
我答应教孩子们英语。
他打算着手进行一项新的实验。
If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and quality, we will ______ to replace it.
A. force
B. undertake
C. overcome
D. apply
【6】辨析postpone, delay, put off
(1)postpone 用于正式场合，由于种种原因而不得不“延期”完成会议等；They postponed sending an answer to a request.
他们耽搁了对一项请求的答复。
(2)delay 指由于各种原因而导致“延误、耽搁”；
The flight was badly delayed because of fog.
因雾航班被延误了很久。
(3)put off 一般用语。
【活学活用】
To postpone ______ the debt will ruin our business reputation.
A. paying
B. to pay
C. pay
D. paid。