Stylistics中文文体学课件
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
IF: A wolf, after all, is a wolf though it has artful disguises.
F: A wolf, after all, is a wolf in spite of (despite) it has artful disguises.
3. IF: He tried to prevent the marriage but it took
2. Yet, however, nevertheless, in spite of
(despite), notwithstanding 表让步概念时，常 用于正式文体。 But, anyway，all the same, though, although (although 比 though 更正式 些）等。
The spare-parts that make this possible are housed in a proliferating number of noninvasive environments in London, where they may be viewed (fingered, sniffed, listened to ) by appointment.
F: He left early in order not to miss the train.
F: He left early in order that he would not miss the train.
6. 问句：
F: When are you going to do it?
IF: When
F: I wish I were ten years younger. IF: If I had known, I would have told you earlier. F: Had I known before, I would have told you earlier. IF: He looks as if he was (is) ill. F: He looks as if he were ill. 8. It 起始的句子（It is said that …)多见于正式文
IF: Everyone should do their best. F: Everyone should do his best. IF: I’m surprised at John (him) making the mistake. F: I’m surprised at John’s (his) making the mistake. IF: There’s two patients waiting outside. F: Two patients are waiting outside. 11. 简洁是现代英语的发展趋势之一。省略关系
Syntactically, more verb phrases are used in informal style while single verbs of equivalent meaning are used in formal style.
IF : The criminals finally turned themselves in. F: The criminals finally surrendered. IF: I can’t put up with your bad manners. F: I cannot tolerate your bad manners. IF: He tried to make good use of his abilities in
F: Being a man of fixed views, he refused to listen to our arguments.
5. 构成目的状语时，用so as to 一般具有非正式色 彩；用in order to 则显得正式些，而 in order that …出现于正式文体中。
IF: He left early so as not to miss the train.
F: Whom are you talking about? IF: Who are you talking about? F: With what did you write it? IF: What did you write it with? 7. 虚拟语气： IF: If he was my friend, I would ask him for help. F: If were my friend, AI would ask him for help. IF: If it was to rain tomorrow, I would not go there. F: If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there. IF: I wish I was ten years younger.
1. Hale knew, before he had been in Brighton three hours, that they meant to murder him. (Brighton rock , Graham Green)
2. 1. My old man has kicked the bucket. 2. My dear father has passed away. 3. My father has died. 4. My beloved parent has joined the heavenly choir.
Cf. A. The police are investigating the case of
murder. B. The police are looking into the case of
murder. (Lexically, Latin, French, Greek words are generally used in formal style; Words from old English are mostly used in informal style.)
place all the same.
F: He endeavoured to prevent the marriage ; however, they married notwithstanding. 3. 非正式文体常用副词做状语；而正式文体常 用由介词和与该副词同根的词够成的介词短 语：
IF: He spoke confidently.
IF: Since the weather had improved, we decided to go swimming.
F: The weather having improved, we decided to go swimming.
IF: As he was a man of fixed views, he refused t来自百度文库 listen to our arguments.
F: She cooks turkey in the way her sister does .
IF: He prevented me going to the dance. 12.使用呼语（vocatives) 时， 在对方的姓名前加
Mr.或Miss等正式；Good morning (afternoon, evening), How are you? How do you do? 比Hi 正 式些。 It’s been nice meeting you 比 Good-bye, bye-bye, see you, so long, cheerio 显得正式些。
Expectoration Is Forbidden! Please don’t spit!
3. I ‘m finding out that a lot of what I thought had been bonfired, Oxfam-ed, used for land-fill, has in fact been tidied away in sound archives, stills libraries, image banks, memorabilia mausoleums, tat troves, mug morgues.
You can be reactivated reembodied;simulated and hologrammed. In just the last two years my
voice has been artificially reprocessed for stereo effect and reincarnated in half-speed remasterings and on digital compact-disc.
It’s an odd experience to find yourself catalogued, card-indexed, museumised, a speck
of data for the information professionals to bounce around
It seems that as long as you’re in print or on film or a name on a buff envelope in an archive somewhere, you’re never truly dead now. You can be electonically colourised, emulsified, embellished, enhanced, coaxed towards some state of virtual reality.
9. 表请求某人做某事时， 被动语态多具有正式文 体色彩。
IF: Please gather at the gate of school. F: The students are requested to gather at the gate of
the school. 10. 不定代词 IF: Everybody should look after themselves. F: Everybody should look after himself.
代词、连词、介词等多见于非正式文体。
IF: I took no notice of him so he flew into a rage. F: I took no notice of him so that he flew into a rage.
IF: She cooks turkey the way her sister does.
the new job. F: He endeavoured to utilize his abilities in
the new position.
1. 主格—宾格 （f-if） IF: Bill speaks French more fluently than me. F: Bill speaks French more fluently than I.
F: He spoke in a confident manner.
F: He spoke with confidence.
4. 表达因果关系时， 正式文体常用on account of , accordingly, thus, hence, consequently, owing to ( the fact that…)等词或词组，且较经常地运用 分词短语、独立主格结构等；非正式文体 常用 so , because 或其他形式的表示原因的重句。
体：
IF: The number of books in the library has been going down.
F: It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly.
F: A wolf, after all, is a wolf in spite of (despite) it has artful disguises.
3. IF: He tried to prevent the marriage but it took
2. Yet, however, nevertheless, in spite of
(despite), notwithstanding 表让步概念时，常 用于正式文体。 But, anyway，all the same, though, although (although 比 though 更正式 些）等。
The spare-parts that make this possible are housed in a proliferating number of noninvasive environments in London, where they may be viewed (fingered, sniffed, listened to ) by appointment.
F: He left early in order not to miss the train.
F: He left early in order that he would not miss the train.
6. 问句：
F: When are you going to do it?
IF: When
F: I wish I were ten years younger. IF: If I had known, I would have told you earlier. F: Had I known before, I would have told you earlier. IF: He looks as if he was (is) ill. F: He looks as if he were ill. 8. It 起始的句子（It is said that …)多见于正式文
IF: Everyone should do their best. F: Everyone should do his best. IF: I’m surprised at John (him) making the mistake. F: I’m surprised at John’s (his) making the mistake. IF: There’s two patients waiting outside. F: Two patients are waiting outside. 11. 简洁是现代英语的发展趋势之一。省略关系
Syntactically, more verb phrases are used in informal style while single verbs of equivalent meaning are used in formal style.
IF : The criminals finally turned themselves in. F: The criminals finally surrendered. IF: I can’t put up with your bad manners. F: I cannot tolerate your bad manners. IF: He tried to make good use of his abilities in
F: Being a man of fixed views, he refused to listen to our arguments.
5. 构成目的状语时，用so as to 一般具有非正式色 彩；用in order to 则显得正式些，而 in order that …出现于正式文体中。
IF: He left early so as not to miss the train.
F: Whom are you talking about? IF: Who are you talking about? F: With what did you write it? IF: What did you write it with? 7. 虚拟语气： IF: If he was my friend, I would ask him for help. F: If were my friend, AI would ask him for help. IF: If it was to rain tomorrow, I would not go there. F: If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there. IF: I wish I was ten years younger.
1. Hale knew, before he had been in Brighton three hours, that they meant to murder him. (Brighton rock , Graham Green)
2. 1. My old man has kicked the bucket. 2. My dear father has passed away. 3. My father has died. 4. My beloved parent has joined the heavenly choir.
Cf. A. The police are investigating the case of
murder. B. The police are looking into the case of
murder. (Lexically, Latin, French, Greek words are generally used in formal style; Words from old English are mostly used in informal style.)
place all the same.
F: He endeavoured to prevent the marriage ; however, they married notwithstanding. 3. 非正式文体常用副词做状语；而正式文体常 用由介词和与该副词同根的词够成的介词短 语：
IF: He spoke confidently.
IF: Since the weather had improved, we decided to go swimming.
F: The weather having improved, we decided to go swimming.
IF: As he was a man of fixed views, he refused t来自百度文库 listen to our arguments.
F: She cooks turkey in the way her sister does .
IF: He prevented me going to the dance. 12.使用呼语（vocatives) 时， 在对方的姓名前加
Mr.或Miss等正式；Good morning (afternoon, evening), How are you? How do you do? 比Hi 正 式些。 It’s been nice meeting you 比 Good-bye, bye-bye, see you, so long, cheerio 显得正式些。
Expectoration Is Forbidden! Please don’t spit!
3. I ‘m finding out that a lot of what I thought had been bonfired, Oxfam-ed, used for land-fill, has in fact been tidied away in sound archives, stills libraries, image banks, memorabilia mausoleums, tat troves, mug morgues.
You can be reactivated reembodied;simulated and hologrammed. In just the last two years my
voice has been artificially reprocessed for stereo effect and reincarnated in half-speed remasterings and on digital compact-disc.
It’s an odd experience to find yourself catalogued, card-indexed, museumised, a speck
of data for the information professionals to bounce around
It seems that as long as you’re in print or on film or a name on a buff envelope in an archive somewhere, you’re never truly dead now. You can be electonically colourised, emulsified, embellished, enhanced, coaxed towards some state of virtual reality.
9. 表请求某人做某事时， 被动语态多具有正式文 体色彩。
IF: Please gather at the gate of school. F: The students are requested to gather at the gate of
the school. 10. 不定代词 IF: Everybody should look after themselves. F: Everybody should look after himself.
代词、连词、介词等多见于非正式文体。
IF: I took no notice of him so he flew into a rage. F: I took no notice of him so that he flew into a rage.
IF: She cooks turkey the way her sister does.
the new job. F: He endeavoured to utilize his abilities in
the new position.
1. 主格—宾格 （f-if） IF: Bill speaks French more fluently than me. F: Bill speaks French more fluently than I.
F: He spoke in a confident manner.
F: He spoke with confidence.
4. 表达因果关系时， 正式文体常用on account of , accordingly, thus, hence, consequently, owing to ( the fact that…)等词或词组，且较经常地运用 分词短语、独立主格结构等；非正式文体 常用 so , because 或其他形式的表示原因的重句。
体：
IF: The number of books in the library has been going down.
F: It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly.