物流专业英语期中测试(一)

物流专业英语期中测试（一）I. Translate the following items into Chinese or English. (20points)1. 原材料11. logistics channel2. 产成品12. electronic data interchange3. 战略管理13. direct procurement4. 售后服务14. transport facilities5. 条形码15. information flow6. 利润率16. value-added services7. 物资运送17. supply chain management8. 通用产品代码18. warehousing9. 电子商务19. multinational companie10. 数据处理20. just-in-time deliveryII. Tell whether the following stetements are Ttrue or Ffalse, marking an “A”for true statements and a “B”. for false ones. (10 points)( ) 21. Logistics information management is defined as the information processing of collecting, reconciling, communicating, storage and utilizing of all the information generated fromlogistics operations.( ) 22. A third-party logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pick-ups and deliveries, whereas in-house transportationcan have the same function.( ) 23. According to a narrow definition, logistics information means the information related to the logistics activities, such as transportation, storage, package, distribution processingetc.( ) 24. Direct procurement encompasses all items that are parts of finished products, such as raw materials, components and parts. Direct procurement, which is the focus in supplychain management, directly affects the production process of manufacturing firms. ( ) 25. The first step in developing an effective procurement strategy is volume consolidation through reduction in the number of customers.( )26. We usually segment market in different ways, such as geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioralistic ones.( ) 27. The most common approach, practiced in the commercial sector, deals with the business-oriented functions of procurement, material flow, transportation, warehousing,distribution, and related activities associated with supply chain management.( ) 28. Supply chain management deals with the management of materials, information, and financial flow in a network consisting of suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors, butnot customers.( ) 29. A contract must be an agreement, but an agreement need not be a contract.( ) 30. The four basic requirements of a contract are mutual assent, consideration, legality of object, acceptance.III. Complete each statement by choosing the best answer from the four choices. (15points) ( ) 31. The UK Institute of Logistics and Tran sport _______ “logistics” even more briefly as: the time-related positioning of resource”.A. namedB. definedC. recognizedD. looked( ) 32. I n a military sense, the term “logistics” encompasses transport organization, ar my _______ and material maintenance.A. logisticsB. replenishmentC. distributionD. management ( ) 33. _______ deals with the buying of goods and services that keep the organization functioning.A. PurchasingB. PackagingC. TransportationD. Distribution ( ) 34. The logistics management takes into consideration every facility that has a (an)_______ on cost.A. policyB. reductionC. agreementD. impact( ) 35. Fierce com petition in today’s market has forced business enterprises to invest in and _______ on supply chain.A. putB. focusC. insistD. decide( ) 36. Logistics is related to the effective and efficient _______ of materials and information.A. flowB. useC. fluctuationD. float( ) 37. Regardless of the size and type of enterprise, logistics is essential and _______ continuous management attention.A. requiresB. devotesC. stimulatesD. refuses( ) 38. The business of providing transport equipment, transport services or other factors related to transport in most national economies is usually _______ to as logistictransport industry.A. mentionedB. calledC. referredD. regarded ( ) 39. An efficient transportation system should provide business with easy _______ to materials and markets.A. methodB. wayC. accessD. channel( ) 40. The railways serving for rail transportation are _______ of a series of traced paths which are bound with vehicles.A. composedB. includedC. madeD. consisted ( ) 41. Maritime transportation can be considered as the most _______ mode for it is able to move large quantities of cargo over long distances.A. doubtfulB. effectiveC. expensiveD. time-consuming ( ) 42. Supply chain information systems (SCIS) are the thread that links logistics activities _______ an integrated process.A. inB. forC. ofD. into( ) 43. In physical distribution, _______ is the final destination of a marketing channel.A. profitB. customerC. productD. production ( ) 44. _______ is the science of ensuring that the right products reach place in the right quantity at the right time to satisfy customer demand.A. ManagementB. EconomicsC. LogisticsD. Marketing ( ) 45. Now information is viewed as the key to successful supply chain management because “no product flows until _______ flows”.A. waterB. deliveryC. logisticsD. informationIV. Complete the passage by choosing the best answer from the four choices. (10points)Supply Chain ManagementIncreasingly, the 46 of multiple relationships across the supply chain is being referred to as “supply chain management”(SCM). Strictly speaking, the supply chain is not a 47 of businesses with one-to-one, business-to-business relationships, but a network of 48 businesses and relationships. SCM offers the opportunity to capture the synergy of intra-and inter-company integration and management. In that sense, SCM 49 with total business process excellence and represents a new way of 50 the business and relationships with other members of the supply chain.Thus far, there has been 51 little guidance from academic, which has in 52 been following rather than 53 business practice. There is a need to build theory and develop normative tools and methods for successful SCM 54 . The exploratory empirical findings reported here are part of a research effort to develop a normative model to guide future 55 . Executives can use the model to capture the potential of successful SCM.( ) 46. A. management B. marketing C. organizing D. definition( ) 47. A. copy B. chain C. connection D. link( ) 48. A. multilateral B. massive C. multiple D. various( ) 49. A. keeps B. conforms C. solves D. deals( ) 50. A. controlling B. leading C. managing D. planning( ) 51. A. really B. relatively C. formally D. largely( ) 52. A. general B. all C. case D. form( ) 53. A. following B. spreading C. leading D. pulling( ) 54. A. theory B. practice C. research D. implement( ) 55. A. practice B. research C. inquiry D. investigationⅤ. Read the following passages and choose the best answer for each question. (30 points)Passage oneSupply chain management is managing the flow of materials across the supply chain, i. e, form preparing the raw materials to supplying the end product to the consumer ,as well as the related counter flow of information, regarding controlling and recording of materials movement. Supply chain management refers to the managing of materials and products from source to the final users. Some of the activities in this system include:Sourcing;Purchasing;Manufacturing and its related activities of planning and scheduling;Distribution planning and management of warehouses;Inventory management;Inbound and outbound transaction;Linking all these with the customer services and marketing activities.These activities are the same as those of logistics and they illustrate the close relationship between logistics and supply chain management. Most organizations are simultaneously members of a number of supply chains. An organization in a chain purchases materials and services from a number of suppliers, converts them into a range of products that they sell to other organizations. Successful companies use their logistics competence to optimize their operations in managing the materials flow through their companies. But it will no longer be necessary or desirable for each supply chain member organization to only manage its logistics activities on an independent basis.However it is most unlikely for any one company that all the supply chains in the diagram will require formalized supply chain management processes It is a requirement for that organization to focus its supply chain efforts on those networks that are critical to the success of the company.Internal Supply ChainsThese are portions of the overall supply chains that exist within an individual organization,and they can be quite complex due to organizations which have international and multi-functional businesses. .Your study of logistics has covered these aspects in great detail.External Supply ChainsExternal supply chains are the processes where internal supply chains can be extended to the total network that an organization finds itself in .The parts of the network to be focused upon by an individual company as mentioned above need to be carefully selected to maximize the benefit that working with them will achieve.Benefits of Supply Chain CooperationAll parties working together in a formal supply chain receive a number of benefits from joint working, these are:Establishing valuable contacts across the supply chain;Gaining insights into how other organizations conduct their business, enabling them to improve their own;Identifying opportunities for joint research to improve the outputs of the supply chain.However supply chains do not just happen. It requires a great deal of management effort and cooperation to achieve a successful supply chain. A number of principles need to be followed in order to achieve success and we will be discussing them in more detail in the notes .These seven principles are listed below:Supply chain management begins with the end consumer;Managers must cooperate to manage the total logistics chain;Interface management must be controlled through a single channel;Sales and operations planning must be integrated;Manufacturing and sourcing must be optimized to achieve flexibility and efficiency;Supply chain partners must focus in relationship management;Performance measures must be customer driven.( ) 56. Which of the following is the starting point and ending point of a supply chain?A. Preparing the raw materials to supplying the end product to the consumer.B. Preparing the raw materials.C. Supplying the end product to the consumer.D. Manufacturing the raw materials.57. Which of the following is not included in supply chain management?A. sourcingB. purchasingC. inventory managementD. looking for market58. Is it necessary for each supply chain member organization to only manage itslogistics activities on an independent basis?A. absolutely necessaryB. no longer necessaryC. without doubtD. without proof59. What is the difference between internal supply chain and external supply chain?A. External supply chains are the processes where internal supply chains can beextended to the total network that an organization finds itself in.B. External supply chains are the inbound transaction.C. Internal supply chains are the outbound transaction.D. Distribution planning60. Which of the following supply chain regulation is wrong?A .Interface management must be controlled through a single channel.B. Supply chain management begins with the first consumer.C. Sales and operations planning must be integrated.D. Performance measures must be customer driven.Passage TwoLogistics information systems (LIS) are the threads that link logistics activities into integrated process .The integration builds on four levels of functionality: transaction, management control, decision analysis, and strategic planning systems.The most basis level, the transaction system, initiates and records individual logistics activities. Transaction activities include order entry, inventory assignment, order selection, shipping, pricing, invoicing, and customer inquiry. For example, customer order receipt initiates a transaction as the order is entered into the information system. The order entry transaction initiates a second transaction as inventory is assigned to the order .A third transaction is when generated to direct the materials handlings to select the order .A fourthtransaction directs the movement, loading, and delivery of the order .The final transaction prints or transmits the invoice for payment. Throughout the process, order status information must be available when customers desire such information.The second level, management control, focuses on performance measurement and reporting. Performance measurement is necessary to provide management feedback regarding service level and resource utilization. Thus, management control is characterized by an evaluative, tactical, intermediate–term focus that evaluates past performance and identifies alternatives. Common performance measures include financial, customer service, productivity, and quality indicators. As an example, specific performance measures include transportation and warehousing cost per pound (cost measure),inventory turnover (asset measure),case fill rate (customer service measure ),cases per labor hour (productivity measure ),and customer perception (quality measure ). Another part defines these measures in detail and illustrates additional ones.The third level, decision analysis, focuses on decision applications to assist managers in identifying, evaluating, and comparing logistics strategic and tactical alternatives. Typical analyses include vehicle routing and scheduling, inventory management, facility location, and cost–benefit analysis of operational tradeoffs and arrangements.Decision analysis LIS must include database maintenance, modeling and analysis, and reporting components for a wide range of potential alternatives. Similar to the management control level, decision analysis is characterized by a tactical, evaluative focus .Unlike management control, decision analysis focuses on evaluating future tactical alternative, and it needs to be relatively unstructured and flexible to allow consideration of a wide range of options.The final level, strategic planning, focuses on information support to develop and refine logistics strategy. These decisions are often extensions of the decision analysis level but are typically more abstract, less structured, and long-term in focus .Examples of strategic planning decision include synergies made possible through strategic alliances, development and refinement of firm capabilities and market opportunities, as well as customer responsiveness to improved service .The LIS strategic planning level must incorporate lower-level data collection into a wide range of business planning anddecision-making models that assist in evaluating the probabilities and payoffs of various strategies .In the past, most expenditure focused on improving transaction system efficiency, while these investments offered returns in terms of speed and somewhat lower operating costs. Expected benefits in terms of cost reductions have not always been materialized. However, recent LIS applications focus on management control, decision analysis, and strategic planning components.Newer LIS applications are also being developed in conjunction with reengineered processes instead of simply automating logistics flow. Enterprises are reengineering their logistics procedures to reduce the number of cycles and sequential activities..( ) 61. On what levels of functionality should the integration of information be built?A. Transaction and management controlB. Decision analysisC. Strategic planning systemsD. All the above is correct.( ) 62. The integration builds on four levels of functionality. Which of the following is not among the four levels of functionality?A transactionB management controlC decision analysisD market presence( ) 63. What is the function of performance measurement?A. To provide management feedback regarding service level and resourceutilization.B. To move on to the next step.C. To make decisions about the future.D. To compete with others.( ) 64. What is the difference between management control and decision analysis?A. Decision analysis focuses on evaluating future tactical alternative, and itneeds to be relatively unstructured and flexible to allow consideration of awide range of options.B. Decision analysis is more abstract.C. Decision analysis is less structured.D. Decision analysis is long term in focus.( ) 65. Which of the following is not the characteristics of strategic planning?A .more abstractB .less structuredC. short-term focusedD. extensions of the decision analysis levelPassage ThreeThe direct supply chain strategy is characterized as those supply chains where the most effective and efficient relationship is implemented through routine third-party logistics services. First, the full speculation strategy with a decentralized distribution system in this strategy group is characterized as those supply chains where distribution of products is decentralized and based for example on retail stores. Second, in the full postponement strategy, manufacturing and logistics operations are implemented after the customer order. This means that production is finalized in manufacturing sites, and after that products are distributed to retail stores. Thirdly, in the manufacturing postponement strategy, final production is executed in retail stores (for example the final color of paint is mixed in retail stores). In all three cases, routine TPL services add most value. The transportation method depends on the type of product, i.e. whether it is functional or innovative. Functional products are defined as those that satisfy basic needs, are sold in retail stores and have stable predictable demand, with long lifecycles and often low profit margins. In contrast, innovative products enable higher margins, but demand is unpredictable and their lifecycle is short. The supply chain of functional products focuses on minimization of physical supply chain costs. On the other hand the supply chain of innovative products requires responsiveness to ensure that products reaching the markets match users’ needs; the suppliers, therefore, are chosen for their speed and flexibility. Regarding the use of routine logistics services, the type of product affects the mode of transportation. In the case of functional products, the chosen mode is based on cost minimization, i.e. low cost transportation modes (e.g. rail, sea, truck). On the other hand, more expensive transportation modes (e.g. air, overnight deliveries) match better with innovative products aiming at supply chain flexibility and speed.66. What is the characteristic of direct supply chain strategy?A. A decentralized distribution system.B. A full postponement strategy.C. Final execution in retail stores.D. All of the above.67. Which one is not true about the functional products?A. To satisfy basic needs and be sold in retail stores, having stable predictable demand, withlong life cycles.B. To focus on minimizing the supply chain costs.C. To ensure that products reaching the markets match users’ needs.D. To choose transportation mode is based on cost minimization.68. Which adds most value?A. The full speculation strategyB. The full postponement strategyC. The manufacturing postponement strategyD. Routine TPL service69. Which one is not true about the innovative products?A. Enable higher marginsB. Demand is unpredictableC. Lifecycle is shortD. Less flexibility70. Rail transportation belongs to .A. Low cost transportation modeB. More expensive transportation modeC. Innovative productD. Functional productsVI. Write a composition according to the following instructions.(15points)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic.The Effects of Logistics on People’s Lives参考答案及评分标准I. 评分标准：翻译全称，如有一个单词拼写错误，则该小题为零分。