The temperature window of the ammonia SNCR reaction process calculated by CHEMKIN

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氯化铵氢氧化钙共热制氨气方程式

氯化铵氢氧化钙共热制氨气方程式1.氯化铵和氢氧化钙共热可以生成氨气。

Ammonia gas can be produced by the thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide.2.氯化铵的化学式是NH4Cl。

The chemical formula of ammonium chloride is NH4Cl.3.氢氧化钙的化学式是Ca(OH)2。

The chemical formula of calcium hydroxide is Ca(OH)2.4.氨气的化学式是NH3。

The chemical formula of ammonia gas is NH3.5.氯化铵在加热的过程中分解成氨气和盐酸。

Ammonium chloride decomposes into ammonia gas and hydrochloric acid upon heating.6.氢氧化钙在加热的过程中分解成氧化钙和水。

Calcium hydroxide decomposes into calcium oxide and water upon heating.7.氨气是一种无色、有刺激气味的气体。

Ammonia gas is a colorless gas with a pungent odor.8.氨气可溶于水，形成氨水。

Ammonia gas is soluble in water, forming ammonia water.9.氯化铵和氢氧化钙的共热方法是制备氨气的一种常见方法。

The thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide is a common method for producing ammonia gas.10.氨气是一种重要的化工原料，广泛用于制造化肥和合成其他化合物。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第29期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I have never laid（）to being an expert in this field.问题1选项A.reclaimB.exclamationC.affirmationD.claim【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。

lay claim to “声称……的权力，自称有知识等”。

句意：我从不认为自己是这个领域的专家。

结合句意，故D为正确答案。

2.单选题The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their “ticking”. This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example: vibrates or “ticks” 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomical observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this Atomichron is a cesium atom that -vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein’s relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18, 000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time reading to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences developed would be checked against the differences predicted.1.Scientists expect that the atomic clock will be（）.2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?3.It could be inferred from the passage that（）.4.The word “vibration” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to（）.5.Which of the following can best summarize the passage?问题1选项A.absolutely accurateB.more precise.C.heat-resistantD.different in vibration问题2选项A.Temperature changes affect the vibration rate of ammonia molecules.B.The rate of vibration of an atom does not vary.C.Einstein’s relativity theories are based on the vibration of atoms.D.Temperature changes may affect the speed at which atoms travel.问题3选项A.precise timekeeping is not possible at allB.scientists expect to disprove Einstein's relativity theoriesC.atomic clocks will be important in space flightD.clock in motion and a dock at rest keep time differently.问题4选项A.pulseB.precisionC.movementD.accuracy问题5选项A.Peacetime use of the atomsB.Atoms and moleculesC.The satellite timekeepersD.The role of the clock in the astronomy【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。

科技英语翻译句子

●A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and it has no matter.黑洞产生很强的吸引力，可是它没有物质。

● A calorie is defined as the quantity of heat required at one atmosphere to raise thetemperature of one gram of water through 1℃，usually from 14.5℃to 15.5℃.一卡路里定义为在一个大气压力条件下，使一克水温度增加1℃所需要的热量，通常是指从14.5℃t提高到15.5℃。

● A chicken is a suitable specimen for the study of the general external features of abird.鸡是研究禽类外部特征的合适范例。

● A collection of data is called a data set, and a single observation a data point.一批数据叫数据集，（而）单个观测结果叫数据点。

● A computer is a device which takes in a series of electrical impulses representinginformation, combines them, sorts them, analyses and compares the information with that stored in the computer.计算机是一种装置，该装置接受一系列含有信息的电脉冲，对这些电脉冲进行合并，整理，分析，并将它们与储存在机内的信息进行比较。

● A computer work many times more rapidly than nerve cells in the human brain.计算机工作起来比人类大脑中的神经细胞要快很多倍。

英语笔译实务 3级配套训练第十四单元汉译英(一)全球变暖

笔译实务3级配套训练第十四单元汉译英（一）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十四单元汉译英（一）全球变暖科学家与环保人士担心全球变暖的问题。

使用化石燃料（如石油、煤）或大面积砍伐森林，是地球大气“温室气体”不断增加的两大因素。

这些气体所吸收的热能越来越多，最终将改变天气形态、造成海平面与海洋温度的上升。

虽然科学界对全球变暖的影响程度尚有歧见，但若人类对温室效应造成的危险置之不理，无异于玩火自焚。

为避免温室效应加剧，从个人角度来看我们可以做的就是降低对化石燃料的依赖、减少用电，并采取最不耗损自然资源的生活方式。

在政府这个层面，世界大部分的工业化国家，已在1997年所签定的京都议定书中，宣誓将做到气体排放减量。

课文词汇栖息地habitat京都议定书the Kyoto Accord / Agreement / Protocol1 / 3Unit 14 汉译英（一）全球变暖参考译文Global WarmingScientists and environmentalists are concerned about global warming. The use of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal and the deforestation of large areas (large-scale deforestation) are the two major factors behind rising levels of “greenhouse gases” in the Earth’s atmosphere. As these gases retain more and more heat energy (When these gases trap more heat), the eventual results (consequences) will be altered weather patterns, an increase in sea levels and ocean temperatures, and disruptive climate changes that affect the habitats of plants, wildlife and humans (climate changes, rising sea levels and temperatures, and weather that disrupts human, wildlife and plant habitats).Although there is disagreement within the scientific community about the extent of global warming, humans would be playing with fire if we were to ignore the danger it poses (its dangers) (humans would put themselves at great risk if they ignored the danger it signals.) As individuals, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, use less electricity and adopt lifestyles that minimize the use (reduction / degradation) of natural resources (We can cut back on the use of fossil fuels, limit electricity consumption, and live in a way that spares natural resources.). On the government level,2 / 3笔译实务3级配套训练第十四单元汉译英（一）most of the world’s industrialized nations have pledged t o cut gas emissions under the Kyoto Agreement in 1997. (The government of most industrialized nations are signatories to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol / Accord, which binds them to reduce gas emissions.)3 / 3。

液氨安全基础知识培训(完整版共25页)

液氨安全基础知识培训液氨安全基础知识培训液氨是什么？（What is ammonia ?）（1）液氨是一种沸点在零下33摄氏度的比空气轻的气体（Ammonia is a gas lighter than Air at temperaturesabove minus 33°C）；（2）液氨会与水剧烈反应，释放大量的热量（Ammonia reacts quite violently with water. A lot of heat isevolved）；（3）液氨有严重刺激性气味，5-10ppm的浓度下人可以直接吸入（Ammonia has a heavy pungent smell, it can be smelled from 5-10 ppm）；（4）液氨可以被探测器探测到或者直接从其气味被闻到。

由于液氨的这种气味可以让人在造成损伤之前被直接嗅到，这样给了液氨一定的安全度（Ammonia can be detected by ammonia detectors or by its smell. The smell gives to this chemical a kind of intrinsic safety since it can be smelled long before it is getting dangerous）；（5）液氨是由空气中的氮气和氢气在金属催化剂和高温高压下生成的（Produced by reacting Nitrogen from the air with hydrogen on an iron based catalyst at high temperature and pressure）；（6）以氢气为原料的合成氨法中的氢气是由煤或者是其他碳氢化合物经过气化重整过程得到的（The hydrogen used in the ammonia synthesis is produced by means of the steam reforming process with coal or other hydrocarbons as raw material）；（7）全球年产液氨大约一亿两千万吨（2006年数据）（World production of ammonia ~ 120 million metric tonnes (2006)）。

咖啡烘焙过程的基本化学反应中英双语

咖啡烘焙过程的基本化学反应中英双语展开全文原文：Basic Chemical Reactions Occurring in the Roasting Process by Carl Staubsourced from the SCAA Roast Color Classification System developed by Agtron - SCAA in 1995Many thermal and chemical reactions occur during the roasting process: decarboxylation, dehydration of quinic acid moiety, fractionization, isomerization, polymerization, and complex sugar reactions. The principal thermally reactive components are monosaccharides and sucrose, chlorogenic acids, free amino acids, and trigonelline. Both aravinose and calactose of polysaccharides are splitoff and the basic sulfur containing and hydroxyamino acids decompose. Carbohydrates both polymerize and degrade, liberating thermally unstable monosaccharides decomposing 20-30% of the polysaccharides, depending on the degree of roast.Sucrose: Disaccharide of d-Glucosyl and d-Fructosyl Moieties Sucrose is the principle sugar in coffee. The melting point of pure crystalline sucrose is in the 320-392 degrees F with 370 degrees F most commonly accepted. Degradation of dry sucrose can occur as low as 194 degrees F. and begins with the cleavage of the glycosidic bond followed by condensation and the formation of water. Between 338 and 392 degrees F, carmelization begins. It is at this point that water and carbon dioxide fracture and out-gassing begins causing the first mechanical crack. These are the chemical reactions, occurring atapproximately 356 degrees F, that are exothermic. Once carmelization begins, it is very important that the coffee mass does not exotherm (lose heat) or the coffee will taste "baked" in the cup. A possible explanation is that exothermy of the charge mass interrupts long chain polymerization and allows cross linking to other constituents. Both the actual melting point of sucrose and the subsequent transformation, or carmelization, reaction are effected by the presence of water, ammonia, and proteinatious substances. Dark roasts represent a higher degree of sugar carmelization than light roasts. The degree of carmelization is an excellent and high resolution method for classifying roasts.Cellulose: A Long Linear Polymer of Anhydroglucose Units Cellulose is the principle fiber of the cell wall of coffee. It is partially ordered (crystalline) and partially disordered (amorphous). The amorphous regions are highly accessible and react readily, but the crystalline regions with close packing and hydrogen bonding may be completely inaccessible. Native cellulose, or cellulose 1, is converted to polymorphs cellulose III and cellulose IV when exposed to heat. Coffees structure is a well developed matrix enhancing the mass uniformity and aiding in the even propagation of heat during roasting. Cellulose exists in coffee imbedded in lignocellulose (an amorphous matrix of hemicellulose and lignin containing cellulose), making up the matrix cell walls. Hemicellusloses are polysaccharides of branched sugars and uronic acids. Lignin is of special note because it is a highly polymerized aromatic. Severe damage occurs to the cell walls of the matrix at distributed temperatures above 446 degrees F and bean surface temperatures over 536 degrees F The actual temperature values will change due tovarying levels of other constituents. Second crack, associated with darker roasts, is the fracturing of this matrix, possibly associated with the volatilization of lignin and other aromatics. Under controlled roasting conditions, the bean environment temperature should never exceed 536 degrees F. A wider safety margin would be achieved by limiting the maximum environment temperature to 520 degrees F. These temperature limits minimize damage to the cell matrix and enhances cup complexity, roasting yield, and product shelf life.Trigonelline: A Nitrogenous Base Found in CoffeeTrigonelline is 100% soluble in water and therefore will end up in the cup. Trigonelline is probably the most significant constituent contributing to excessive bitterness. At bean temperatures of 445 degrees F, approximately 85% of the trigonelline will be degraded. This bean temperature represents a moderately dark roast. For lighter roasts there will be more trigonelline, hence bitterness, but also less sugar carmelization. Caramelized sugar is less sweet in the cup than noncaramelized sugar, so when properly roasted these two constituents form an interesting compliment to each other. Trigonelline melts in it's pure crystalline form at 424 degrees F Degradation of trigonelline begins at approximately 378 degrees F.. The degradation of trigonelline is one of the key constituent control flags for determining the best reaction ratio.Quinic Acid: Member of the Carboxylic Acids GroupQuinic Acid melts in pure crystalline form at 325 degrees E, well below the temperatures associated with the roasting environment. Quinic Acid is water soluble and imparts a slightly sour (not unfavorably as in fermented beans) and sharp quality, which adds to the character and complexity of the cup.Surprisingly, it adds cleanness to the finish of the cup as well. it is a stable compound at roasting temperatures.Nicotinic Acid: Member of the Carboxylic Acid GroupNicotinic Acid melts in pure crystalline form at 457 degrees F. Naturally occurring Nicotinic Acid is bound to the polysaccharide cellulose structure. Nicotinic Acid is also derived in soluble form during roasting. Higher levels of Nicotinic Acid for any given degree of roast are associated with better cup quality. Since it is I 00% soluble, it will end up in the cup. Nicotinic Acid contributes to favorable acidity and clean finish. It's derivation rate is one of the key constituent control flags for determining the best reaction ratio temperature and chemistry propagation rates. Additionally, the interaction of melted Nicotenic Acid with other constituents contributes significantly to the intensity associated with darker roasts.Environment TemperatureThe temperature of the roasting environment determines the specific types of chemical reactions that occur. There is a window of temperatures that produce favorable reactions for the ideal cup characteristics. Temperature values outside of this window have a negative effect on quintessential cup quality. Even within the window values, different temperatures will change the character of the cup, giving the roaster the latitude to develop a personality or style desired, or to tame the rough signature of certain coffees while still optimizing relative quality. System Energy: At any given environment temperature, the amount of energy (BTU) and the roasting system's transfer efficiency will determine the rate at which the specific chemistrywilloccur. Higher levels of both energy andt ransfer efficiency will cause the reactions to progress more quickly. There is a window of reactionrates that will optimize cup quality. This is called the Best Reaction Ratio, or BRR.Best Reaction Ratio (BRR)The best cup characteristic are produced when the ratio of the degradation of trigonelline to the derivation of Nicotinic Acid remains linear. The control model of this reaction ratio is a time/temperature/energy relationship. The environment temperature (ET) establishes the pyrolysis region for the desired chemical reactions while the energy value (BTU) and system transfer efficiency (STE) determines the rate of reaction propagation and linearity of Nicotinic Acid derivation to degradation of trigonelline. Because green bean density varies dramatically, under any given ET / BTU / STE format, the reaction distribution will vary. it takes longer to obtain comparable uniformity for a higher density bean. Monitoring the bean temperature offers a good method of approximating the reaction distribution during this phase of the roasting. The ideal environmental temperature, ET, for best reaction ratio, BRR, is from -401-424 degrees F, with 405 degrees F as the default value. The BTU required is determined by the systems transfer efficiency, or ability to impart the energy to the charge mass.Maximum Environment Temperature (MET)Establishing the thermal environment protocol for the ideal roast is a balancing act. While it is desirable to maintain the BRR temperature and energy levels until the target reactions are achieved, the BRR temperature is well above the carmelization temperature of sucrose. Because many roasting systems exhibit thermal hysterysis using simple temperature regulating schemes, care must be taken not to allow the coffee mass to exotherm. Additionally, limiting the maximum environment temperature,MET, is also important. As previously mentioned, maintaining structural integrity of the cellulose matrix is of great importance. Lower temperatures will reduce surface evaporation of constituents minimizing the capillary action that draws constituents to the surface where they would be volatilized. Hydraulic action, a function of internal pressure which is directly related to bean temperature, is already at work. By limiting the maximum temperature, losses will be minimized and the essence of coffee retained. Consequently, the MET should not exceed 520 degrees F. This roasting system bases the MET value on the actual final bean, or drop temperature, which correlates to the degree of roast.译文在烘焙过程中发生了很多热与化学反应：去碳酸基，奎宁酸的脱水，细分，异构化，聚合，以及复杂的糖反应(焦糖化)。

合成氨以及氨催化制硝酸的流程

合成氨以及氨催化制硝酸的流程合成氨是一种重要的化工原料，也是肥料和其他化学品的重要组成部分。

Ammonia synthesis is an important chemical process, which is also a vital component in the production of fertilizers and other chemicals.合成氨的工业制备是通过哈伯－博斯克过程进行的，该过程是一种高压催化裂解反应，并使用铁或钼等金属作为催化剂。

The industrial production of ammonia is carried out through the Haber-Bosch process, a high-pressure catalytic decomposition reaction using metals such as iron or molybdenum as catalysts.在合成氨的过程中，氮气和氢气在高温和高压下反应生成氨气，通过冷却和压缩将氨气液化。

During the process of ammonia synthesis, nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia gas under high temperature and pressure, which is then liquefied through cooling and compression.合成氨可以应用于生产硝酸，硝酸是制造化肥和其他化学品的关键原料之一。

Ammonia can be used in the production of nitric acid, which is a key raw material for manufacturing fertilizers and other chemicals.氨催化制硝酸是通过将氨气与空气在催化剂的作用下氧化生成氮氧化合物，再经过吸收生成硝酸。

新编化学化工专业英语

前几课翻译链接：/s/1o6qiyuQLesson 10 ThermodynamicsThermodynamics is the physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes. Thermodynamics is closely related to statistical mechanics from which many thermodynamic relationships can be derived.热力学是物理能量，热，工作过程，熵和自发性。

热力学是密切相关的统计力学，热力学关系可以推导出。

While dealing with processes in which systems exchange matter or energy, classical thermodynamics is not concerned with the rate at which such processes take place, termed kinetics. For this reason, the use of the term “thermodynamics”usually refers to equilibrium thermodynamics. In this connection, a central concept in thermodynamics is that of quasistatic processes, which are idealized, “infinitely slow”processes. Time-dependent thermodynamic processes are studied by non-equilibrium thermodynamics.在处理中，系统交换物质或能量的过程，经典热力学不关心这些过程发生的速率，称为动力学。

马特瑞克无水氨说明书

Section 1: Chemical Product and Company InformationProduct name: Anhydrous AmmoniaSupplier/ Further Information: Martrex, Inc. Web: !P . O. Box 1709!Phone: 952/933-5000!14525 Highway 7 !Toll Free: 800/328-3627!Minnetonka, Minnesota 55345-3793 !FAX: 952/933-1889EPA Registration Number: n/aCAS#: 7664-41-7Chemical Name: Anhydrous Ammonia Synonyms: Ammonia, Ammonia Gas Chemical Family: AmmoniaMSDS Number: n/a24 Hour Emergency Phone - Chemtrec Transport: 1-800-424-9300; Medical: 1-800-441-3637 Section 2: Composition/Information on IngredientsHazardous ComponentCAS#%OSHA PEL OSHA STEL OSHA CEIL Ammonia 7664-41-799%+50ppm(35mg/m 3)n/a n/a OTHER LIMITS RTECS#ACGIH TLV ACGIH STEL ACGIH CEIL See Section 15n/a25ppm(17 mg/m 3)35ppm(24mg/m 3)n/a Non-Hazardous Component CAS#%Water trace Section 3: Hazards IdentiﬁcationEmergency Overview: Stay upwind. Isolate the release area and deny entry. Evaluate the affected areas todetermine whether to evacuate or shelter in place. Anhydrous ammonia causes severe eye injury, severe damage to lungs and respiratory system, and severe skin damage. Harmful or fatal if swallowed or inhaled. This product is acutely toxic by inhalation as deﬁned by OSHA. This product is classiﬁed as an Inhalation Hazard (DOT) and can cause chemical burns. If spilled into a waterway, ammonia can be toxic to aquatic life and may cause eutrophication. See NAERG, Guide 125.NFPA: Health: 3 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 1Potential Health Effects:Primary Routes of Exposure / Entry: Inhalation (breathing), eye contact,skin contact. (Ingestion is unlikely, ammonia exists as a gas at normalatmospheric conditions.)Target Organs: Anhydrous ammonia has acute effects on the respiratorytract, lungs, eyes, and skin. There is also limited evidence reported ofkidney damage from prolonged exposure to elevated concentrations.Acute Exposure SymptomsInhalation: Ammonia gas causes varying degrees of irritation and damage based on the concentration andduration of exposure. The severity of damage from exposure to ammonia vapors is proportional to theexposure concentration and duration. Immediate, mild irritation of the respiratory tract can occur at con-Material Safety Data SheetHealthFire Reactivity SpecialHazard For Rating Explanation see Section 16 113centrations exceeding 50-100 ppm ammonia. Severe irritation of the respiratory tract can occur at con-centrations exceeding 400-700 ppm ammonia. Exposure to concentrations exceeding 4000-5000 ppm can be rapidly fatal. Exposure can cause immediate and delayed effects.Eye Contact: The severity of damage from exposure to ammonia vapors is proportional to the exposure concentration and duration. Mild eye irritation can occur at ammonia concentrations exceeding 50- 100 ppm. Severe eye irritation can occur at ammonia concentrations exceeding 400 ppm. Exposure to con-centrations of ammonia vapor above 1000 ppm and/or liquid ammonia may result in permanent damage to the eye resulting in temporary or permanent blindness. Aqueous ammonia rapidly penetrates ocular tissue and may cause permanent damage.Skin Contact: The severity of damage from exposure to ammonia vapors is proportional to the exposure concentration and duration. Splashes of liquid ammonia can cause severe damage to the skin. Ammonia is corrosive to the skin..Ingestion: Ingestion will result in severe damage to the gastro-intestinal tract.Chronic Exposure SymptomsInhalation:Chronic inhalation of concentrations that exceed recommended or regulatory levels may result in immediate and delayed lung irritation and injury. There is also limited evidence reported of kidney dam-age from prolonged exposure to elevated concentrations.Medical Conditions Aggravated By Long-Term Exposure: Existing skin disorders and lung disorders (such as asthma) may be aggravated by long-term exposure.Section 4: First Aid MeasuresInhalation:Remove from area of exposure immediately. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY. Exposure to ammonia vapor causes both immediate and delayed effects, which may be serious. See Section 3.Eye Exposure: Wash eyes IMMEDIATELY and thoroughly (for 30 minutes). Hold eyelids apart to ensure com-plete irrigation of all eye and eyelid tissues. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY.Skin Exposure: Flush skin immediately and thoroughly (for 20 minutes), while removing contaminated clothing.GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY.Ingestion: Drink large amounts of water, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. NEVER give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY.NOTE TO THE PHYSICIAN: Pneumonitis should be anticipated after inhalation or ingestion. If severe exposure is suspected, observe for 48-72 hours for delayed pulmonary edema. Do not apply salves or ointments for ﬁrst 24 hours.Section 5: Fire Fighting MeasuresFlammability Classiﬁcation:NFPA= 1HMIS = 1DOT= Nonﬂammable GasFlash Point: Not ApplicableAuto-ignition Temperature: 1204ºFLower explosion limit (LEL): 16% by volume, in airUpper explosion limit (UEL): 25% by VOlume, in airExtinguishing Media: Use water fog or spray.Unusual Fire and Explosive Hazards: Airborne concentrations between 16-25% can explode when ex-posed to an ignition source. See Section 10 for Chemical Incompatibilities.Hazardous Decomposition Materials: Nitrogen oxides, hydrogenSpecial Procedures:Fire-Fighting Instructions: Stopping the ﬂow of gas is recommended when escaping gas is ignited, rather than extinguishing the ﬁre. Use water spray to allow personnel access to shut off valves. Keep containers cool by application of water spray. Do not put water on liquid ammonia. Mixing of liquid ammonia and water will gen-erate heat and vapors. Do not release runoff from ﬁre control methods to sewers or waterways. SeeNAERG, Guide 125.Personal Protective Equipment: Because of ammonia presence and the potential that the ﬁre may produce toxic decomposition products, wear chemical resistant suit, gloves, boots, and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face piece operated in positive-pressure mode. Suits must be rated for use with anhydrous ammonia.CAUTION:Normal ﬁre ﬁghting gear does not provide adequate protection. Liquid ammonia can cause PPE to become brittle and crack.Section 6: Accidental Release MeasuresSpill and Leak Procedures: Wear chemical resistant suit, gloves, and boots or a fully encapsulated suit rated for use with anhydrous ammonia, based on spill/leak volume and conditions. Wear a self-contained breath-ing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face piece. Stop the leak if possible. Use water spray to control vapors. See Section 10 for Chemical Incompatibilities.Containment of Spill: SMALL SPILLS: Use water spray to control vapors. Dilute with water. Do not release into sewers or waterways. LARGE SPILLS: Place dirt berms or other barriers down gradient to prevent loss into sewers or waterways. DO NOT USE MOBILE EQUIPMENT OR INTRODUCE A POTENTIAL IGNITION SOURCE IN AREAS OF AMMONIA VAPOR CONCENTRATIONS BETWEEN LEL & UEL. Use water fog or spray to absorb ammonia vapors.Cleanup and Disposal of Spill: Recovery of liquid ammonia should only be conducted by highly trained per-sonnel.Environmental and Regulatory Reporting: Follow applicable OSHA regulations (29 CFR 1910.120) to protect workers during cleanup. See Section 15 for additional regulatory requirements. Additional information is available in the NAERG, Guide 125.Section 7: Handling and StorageMinimum/maximum Storage Temperature: Protect storage containers from excessive temperatures. Handling: Wear splash proof chemical goggles, ammonia resistant gloves, and protective clothing as a mini-mum while handling ammonia. Additional full-face protection is recommended. Respiratory selection should be based on known or anticipated exposure levels. See Section 8 for additional information. CAUTION: Liq-uid ammonia can cause PPE to become brittle and crack.Storage: Protect storage containers from impact and excessive temperatures. Use only system components and containers rated for use with anhydrous ammonia. Zinc, copper, silver, cadmium, and their alloys should not be used in ammonia systems due to their potential for rapid corrosion when exposed to ammonia. Stor-age systems must have adequate pressure relief valves. Refer to the current ANSI K61.1 Standard, Safety Requirements for the Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia for additional information.Shelf Life: IndeﬁniteREGULATORY REQUIREMENTS: See Section 8 for employee exposure controls and Section 15 for other regulatory requirements.Section 8: Exposure Controls / Personal ProtectionVentilation Protection: Provide general or local exhaust ventilation systems or other engineering controls to maintain airborne concentrations below regulatory levels (See Section 15).Respiratory Protection (specify type):If concentrations exceed recommended exposure levels, use a NIOSH-approved ammonia vapor respirator suitable for the exposure conditions (as a minimum level of protection).Seek professional advice prior to respirator selection and use. Follow OSHA respirator regulations (29 CFR 1910.134). Select respirator based on its suitability to provide adequate worker protection for given working conditions, level of airborne contamination, and presence of sufﬁcient oxygen. WARNING! AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS DO NOT PROTECT WORKERS IN OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES. If respirators are required, OSHA requires a written respiratory protection program that includes at least: medical certiﬁca-tion, training, ﬁt-testing, periodic environmental monitoring, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and conven-ient, sanitary storage areas.Eye Protection: Wear protective splash proof safety goggles and face protection, per OSHA eye- and face pro-tection regulations (29 CFR 1910.133). Contact lenses should not be worn while handling anhydrous am-monia.Skin Protection: Wear chemical resistant gloves and boots (such as neoprene or rubber) and appropriate chemical resistant clothing to prevent skin contact.Other Protective Clothing and Equipment: SAFETY STATIONS: Make emergency eyewash stations and showers available in the immediate work area. Agricultural distribution requires shower and/or > 100 gallons fresh water in open top container. Field transportation requires >5 gallons of fresh water.Hygienic Work Practices: Decontaminate and air dry all contaminated personal protective equipment prior to storage and inspection for possible reuse. Separate heavily contaminated work clothes fromstreet clothes. Launder before reuse. COMMENTS: Practice good personal hygiene during and afteruse of this material, especially before eating, drinking, smoking, using the toilet, or applying cosmet-ics.Section 9: Physical and Chemical PropertiesChemical Name: Anhydrous AmmoniaPhysical State: Gas under atmospheric conditions, liquid under pressureColor and Appearance: Colorless gas or clear liquid.Odor: Sharp, irritating, pungent odor.Odor Threshold: 25 ppm (in air)pH (in water): 11.6 (1 N), 11.1 (0.1 N), 10.6 (0.01N)Speciﬁc Gravity: n/aVapor Pressure, 8.5 atm @ 20ºCVapor Density: (Air=1): 0.5967Density: Gas=0.7710 g/L; Liq=0.6818 g/L(-33.4ºC/1 atm)Volatiles by Volume: 100%Boiling Point: -33.35ºCSoftening Point: n/aMelting Point: -77.7ºCEvaporation Rate: n/aSolubility in water 42.8% (0ºC) Hydroscopic materialOther Solubilities: Soluble in alcohol, ether, organic solventsChemical Formula: NH3Formula Wt: 17.03Section 10: Stability and ReactivityChemical Stability: Stable X UnstableHazardous Polymerization: May OccurWill Not Occur XConditions to Avoid: Exposure to elevated temperatures and ﬁre.Chemical Incompatibility: Strong acids, oxidizing gases. Under certain conditions ammonia reacts with chlo-rine, bromine, ﬂuorine, or iodine (halogens) to form compounds that explode spontaneously. May form ex-plosive compounds on contact with gold, silver, mercury, or hypochlorite. Reacts with copper, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, and galvanized surfaces.Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, hydrogen.Section 11: Toxicological InformationAcute DataEye Effects: 100-200 ppm -- moderate to severe200-1000 ppm -- eye damageSkin Effects: Liquid Ammonia = severe burnsAmmonia Vapor = mild to severe irritation, relative to exposure concentration & durationOral LD50: No data (Not a likely route of exposure.)Dermal LD50: no dataInhalation LC50(rat): 4230 - 19960 mg/m3/1-hr ; This product has been determined to be acutely toxic per the criteria of OSHA 1910.1200, Appendix A.Skin Sensitization: no dataChronic DataChronic Effects: See Section 3Chronic Toxicity Studies: no dataMutagenicity Data: no dataReproductive and Teratological Data: no dataCarcinogenicity Data: See Section 3. 'See NIOSH, RTECS BO 0875000 for additional information.NTP: no data OSHA: no data IARC Monograph: no data Not Listed:Section 12: Ecological InformationEco-acute Toxicity: Ammonia in elevated concentrations can cause vegetation kill and contribute to eutrophica-tion. Ammonia has been determined to be slightly toxic to aquatic organisms per USEPA criteria. Environmental Fate: Ammonia is a naturally occurring compound. Ammonia in soil can be rapidly transformed to nitrate by the microbial population through nitriﬁcation. The nitrate form will either leach through the soil or be taken up by plants or other organisms. In water ammonia can undergo sequential transformation by two processes in the nitrogen cycle, nitriﬁcation and denitriﬁcation, which would produce ionic nitrogen com-pounds, and from these, elemental nitrogen.Section 13: Disposal ConsiderationsDisposal Procedures: Contact federal or state regulatory agencies for acceptable disposal/use of the recov-ered materials. Ammonia contaminated water from vapor control may be suitable for use as fertilizer or may need to be sent to a waste treatment facility.Disposal Regulatory Requirements: Follow applicable Federal, state, and local regulations if disposal is nec-essary.Container Cleaning And Disposal: Not applicable.Section 14: Transport InformationDOT Transportation Data (49 CFR 172.101):Proper Shipping Name: Ammonia, anhydrousHazard Class: 2.2ID NO.: UN1005Packing Group: n/aLABEL: Nonﬂammable Gas with "Inhalation Hazard" marking (See 172.102, Special Provision 13)PLACARD: Nonﬂammable Gas with "Inhalation Hazard" marking (See 172.102, Special Provision 13) Section 15: Regulatory InformationEPA Regulations:RCRA Hazardous Waste Number (40 CFR 261.33): Not listedCERCLA Hazardous Substance (40 CFR 302.4): YesCERCLA Reportable Quantity (RQ): 100 lbs.SARA 311/312 Codes: Yes-Acute, Sudden Release of Pressure.SARA Toxic Chemical (40 CFR 372.65): YesSARA EHS (Extremely Hazardous Substance) (40 CFR 355): YesSARA EHS Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ): 500 Ibs.CAA/RMP (Toxic Substances) (40 CFR 68.130): Yes, Ammonia (anhydrous)CAA/RMP (TQ): 10,000 lbs.OSHA Regulations:AIR CONTAMINANT (29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-1, Z-1-A): OSHA, ACGIH, and NIOSH data for ammoniafollows:OSHA: TWA = 50 ppm (35 mg/m3)ACGIH: TWA = 25 ppm (17 mg/m3), STEL = 35 ppm (24 mg/m3)NIOSH: TWA = 25 ppm (18 mg/m3), STEL = 35 ppm (27 mg/m3)IDLH = 300 ppmProcess Safety Management (29 CFR 1910.119): YesThreshold Quantity (TQ): 10,000 Ibs.Storage And Handling Of Anhydrous Ammonia (29 CFR 1910.111): YesState Regulations: This product is regulated in commerce by state agricultural and/or consumer protectionlaws. This product is listed in various state Right-to-know, worker protection, and/or environmental protection laws. If you are unable to determine the proper status of this product under your respective state laws con-tact the manufacturer.Section 16: Other InformationACGIH - American Confer-ence of GovernmentalIndustrial HygienistsANSI - American National Standards Institute CAS - Chemical AbstractsService CERCLA - Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation & Liability Act of 1980CFR - Code of Federal Regu-lations CHEMTREC - Chemical Transportation Emer-gency Center CPR - Controlled Products Regulations CWC - Chemical Weapons Convention DOT - U.S. Department of TransportationDSL - Canadian Domestic Substance ListEHS - Extremely Hazardous SubstanceEPA - U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyHMIS - Hazardous Material Identiﬁcation SystemIARC - International Agency for Research on CancerLEL/UEL - Lower and Upper Explosive Limitmg/m 3 - Milligrams per cubic meterMSDS - Material Safety Data SheetNAERG - North American Emergency Response GuidebookNIOSH - National Institute of Occupational Safety and HealthNFPA - National Fire Protection AssociationNTP - National Toxicology ProgramOSHA - Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationPEL - Permissible Exposure Limit (set by OSHA) Rating Number Health Hazard Flammability Hazard Instability Hazard Special Hazard Rating Symbol Will vaporize and readily burn at normal tem-peratures Can be ignited under almost all ambient tem-peratures Must be heated or high ambient temperature to burn Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur May explode at normal tempera-tures and pres-sures May explode at high temperature or shock Violent chemical change at high temperatures or pressures Normally stable. High tempera-tures make un-stable Will not burn Stable No Hazard Can cause sig-nificant irritation Can cause tem-porary incapaci-tation or residual injury Can cause seri-ous or perma-nent injury Can be lethal Reacts violently or explosively with water Reacts violently or explosively with water or oxidizer 43210W OX W Radioactive OXY COR Oxidizer Strong Corrosive ACID ALK Acidic Alkaline CRYO Cryogenic BIO BioHazard This chart for reference only - For complete speciﬁcations consult the NFPA StandardPPE - Personal Protective EquipmentRCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976RTECS - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical SubstancesSARA - Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization ActSTEL - Concentration to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without suffering from irritation, irreversible tissue damage or narcosis of sufﬁcient degree to increase the likelihood of acci-dental injury, impair self-rescue or materially reduce work efﬁciency.TDG (Canadian): Transport of Dangerous Goods RegulationsTLV - Threshold Limit Value (set by ACGIH)TWA - 8-hour Time Weighted AverageTSCA - US Toxic Substance Control ActWHMIS - Workplace Hazardous Material Information SystemMSDS Issue Date: n/aRevised Date: 6-18-2013Supersedes: 5-4-2009Disclaimer: Martrex, Inc. provides the information contained herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precau-tionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Individuals receiving the in-formation must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular pur-pose.MARTREX, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN-CLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION SET FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE IN-FORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, MARTREX, INC. WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES RESULT-ING FROM USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS INFORMATION.。

核电专业英汉词汇

A [ampere] 安培A核电专业英语词汇（完全版）abstraction 萃取abundance 丰度aberrant source 异常误差来源ablution 清洗，吹除abnormal condition 异常工况abnormal event 异常事件abnormal occurrence 异常事件abnormal operation 异常运行abnormality 异常abort 异常中止above-critical 超临界的above-ground 地面（上的）above-water 水（上的）abradant （研）磨料abrasion 磨损[蚀]abrasion resistance test 耐磨试验abrasion-proof 耐磨（的）abrasive cutting 砂轮切割abreuography 荧光 X 射线照相术abruption 断裂abscess （金属中）气孔，砂眼absolute alarm 绝对值报警absolute error 绝对误差absolute filter 绝对过滤器absorbance 吸收率absorbed dose 吸收剂量absorbed dose rate 吸收剂量率absorbed fraction 吸收部分/份额absorber 吸收体[剂]absorber element 吸收元件absorber rod 吸收棒absorptance 吸收率[系数] absorption 吸收absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption column 吸收柱absorption cross section 吸收截面absorption type 吸收类型ac [alternative current] 交流[电]acceleration pressure drop 加速压降acceleration spring 加速弹簧acceptable daily intake[ADI] 日容许摄入量acceptable limit 可接受限值acceptance 验收acceptance criteria 验收准则，验收标准acceptance inspection 验收检查accepted as noted 按说明接受access 通道，入口access and use 利用access control [A/C] 出入口控制access hatch [ lock] 出入闸门access port 人孔，舱出入口access tube 通道管access way 通路accessibility 可达性accessible 可进入（的）accession 接收accessory 附[零]件，辅助（的）accident 事故accident analysis 事故分析accident condition 事故工况accident consequence 事故后果accident dose 事故剂量accident management 事故管理accident mitigation 事故缓解accident precursor 事故先兆accident prevention 事故预防accident progression 事故进展accident sequence 事故序列accident shutdown 事故停堆accident source term 事故源项accident with off-site risk 有厂外风险的事故accident without significant off-site risk 无严重厂外1风险的事故accidental depressurization of the cover gas 覆盖气体事故降压accidental error 随机误差accidental exposure 事故照射accidental failure 随机故障accountability 衡算accumulated dose 累积剂量accumulator (tank) 安全注射箱，蓄压箱accuracy 精度accuracy of measurement 测量精度acetylene 乙炔acid pickling 酸洗acidic 酸性acidity 酸度acid-proof tile 耐酸瓷砖acoustic insulation 隔音层acoustic material 隔音材料ACPT [automatic continuous phosphate treatment] 自动连续磷酸盐处理acquisition 征集acronym （首字母）缩写词acrylic plastic window 丙烯酸塑料窗action level [应急]行动水平，应急响应水平activated carbon 活性炭activated charcoal filter 活性炭过滤器activation 活化activation of corrosion product 腐蚀产物的活化activation product 活化产物active alumina 活性氧化铝active carbon bedding 活性炭床active carbon filter 活性炭过滤器active component 能动部件active effluent 放射性流出物[排出流]active loss 有功损耗active network 有源网络active nucleation site 活性成核位置active waste 放射性废物active zone 活性区，放射性区activity (放射性)活度activity concentration 放射性浓度activity level 活度水平activity median aerodynamic diameter 活度中值空气动力学直径activity median thermodynamic diameter 活度中值热力学直径actual line 实线actual value 实际值actuated equipment 驱动设备，传动设备actuating mechanism 驱动[执行]机构actuation 驱动，启动actuation device [触发]驱动装置，执行机构actuator 执行[操作]机构，驱动[传动]装置acute exposure 急性照射acute intake 急性吸入[取]acute radiation injury 急性辐射损伤ad hoc 专门，特设，特定（的）adapter 管接头，异径接头，适配器adaptive control 自适应控制ADC [analog-digital converter] 模-数转换器add/drop multiplexer [ADM] 分插复用器added metal 填充金属addendum 补遗adder 加法器additional items 补充（添加）项additional records 补充记录additive 添加物[剂]additive risk projection model 相加风险预测模式adequate distribution 均匀分布adherency/adherence 粘着〔附〕，附着（力）adhe sion test 粘附试验adiabatic 绝热（的）adiabatic compression 绝热压缩adion 吸附离子adjacency 相邻，邻接adjoint flux 共轭中子通量adjustable wrench/spanner 活动扳手adjuster absorber rod 调节吸收棒adjuster drive mechanism 调节棒驱动机构adjuster extension 调节棒延伸段2adjuster rod 调节棒adjuster unit 调节（棒）装置adjusting pin 定位销adjusting valve 调节阀adjustment 调整adlayer 吸附层administrative archives 文书档案administrative history 组织沿革admiralty brass 海军用黄铜admission intake[port] 进气[汽]口admittance 导纳；允许进入adoption by equation 等同采用adoption by equivalent 等效采用adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption carrier 吸附载体adsorption filter 吸附过滤器adulterant 掺杂物advance payment 预付款advanced control room 先进控制室advantage factor 有利因子advection 平流，平移advective cooling 平流冷却adverse conditions 不良状况adverse environment 有害环境advise all concerned 通知有关各方advisory group 顾问团AECB[AtomicEnergy Control Board] （加拿大）原子能管理局AECL[Atomic Energy of Canada Limited] 加拿大原子能有限公司aerial cable 架空电缆aerify 充[掺]气，气化aerobic 需[有]氧的aerobiont 好氧微生物aerodymanic 空气动力（的）aerodymanic dispersion 空气动力学弥[分]散aeroradioactivity 大气放射性aerosol 气溶胶affinity 亲合力after-heat 余热afterheat cooling 余热冷却after-power 剩余功率age approximation 年龄近似age hardening 时效硬化ageing 老化，时效ageing degradation 老化降级[质，解]ageing management 老化管理ageing testing 老化试验agglomerant 凝聚剂aggressive 腐蚀性（的）agitation 搅拌agitator 搅拌器AI,A/I[analog input] 模拟量输入AIM[asset and information management] 文档和信息管理air (circuit) breaker 空气断路器air admission filter 进气[入口]过滤器air balance hoist 空气平衡吊车air blast circuit breaker[ABCB] 空气[气吹式]断路器air bottle 气瓶，气罐air circulating 空气循环air compressor 空气压缩机air conditioningsystem 空调系统air cooler water piping 空气冷却器水管air deflector 空气折流板air dryer 空气干燥器air entrainingagent 加气剂air equivalent 空气等效（的）air exhaust 排风，抽风air extraction flow diagram 抽气流程图air extraction system 抽气系统air filtration unit [AFU] 空气过滤装置air hoist 气动[平衡]吊车air injector 空气喷射器air inleakage 空气漏入air inlet valve 进气阀air intake 进气[风]口air kerma 空气比释动能air leakage testing 空气泄漏试验3air lock 空气[密封]闸门air lock valve 空气闸阀air pollution 大气污染air powered brake 气动制动器air pressure regulating valve 空气压力调节阀air-proof 气密的air receiver 空气储罐air stream 气流air supplied suit 气衣air supply 供气，气源，送风air tank 气罐air vent valve 排气阀air/oil package 气动/油压动力包air-block valve 气阻阀airborne particulate sampler[APS] 气载粒子取样器airborne radioactivity 气载放射性airlock door 气密门airlock lock system 闸门锁紧系统airlocked 密封的，密闭的airlock 空气闸门air-oil tank 油气箱air-operated valve 气动阀airtight fittings 气密连接件airtight joint door 密封门airtight ring 气密环ALARA[as low as reasonably achievable] 合理可行尽量低alarm acknowledge 报警确认alarm annunciator 报警信号装置alarm conditioning 报警条件alarm jumper 报警抑制alarm limit 报警（限）值alarm reset 报警复位alarm value 报警值alarm watch 报警值班alarm window 报警窗albedo 反照率alert 警戒alga 藻类alien 外来的aligner 准直器aligning pin 定位销alignment 对中，校直alignment chart[diagram] 列线图alignment pin 定位销alkaline 碱性alkalinity 碱度all volatile treatment[AVT] 全挥发处理allen screw 六角螺栓alleviate 减轻，缓和alligator wrench 管钳，管扳手allowable burnup 允许燃耗allowable error 允许误差allowable value 允许值allowance 公差；允许量alpha decay α衰变alphanumeric 字母数字的alphanumeric character 字母数字符ALST[alarm status table] 报警状态表alternate mode 替换模式alum 矾alumina particle 颗粒状氧化铝alumina pellet 粒状氧化铝，氧化铝芯块alveolus 凹槽amalgam electrode 汞齐电极ambient dose equivalent 周围剂量当量ambient pressure 环境压力ambient temperature 环境温度ambipolar 双极（的）ambulance 救护车amine 胺ammeter 电流计ammonia 氨amplification 放大amplifier 放大器amplitude 幅值ampoule 细颈瓶anaerobe 厌氧微生物anaerobic 厌氧的4analog 模拟量analog input [AI] 模拟量输入analog input system 模拟量输入系统analog output 模拟量输出analog(ue) controller 模拟量控制器analog(ue) read-out 模拟量示值，模拟量读数analog(ue) signal 模拟信号analog(ue)-digital converter[ADC] 模-数转换器analyser 分析器analysis 分析analysis report 分析报告ahchor bolt 地脚螺栓，锚固螺栓anchor ear （电）抱箍anchoring element 锚固件ancillary equipment 辅助设备ancillary port 辅助孔道ancillary structure 附属构筑物anexer 阴离子交换树脂angle steel 角钢angle (relief) valve 角（式卸压）阀angular flux 角通量anion 阴离子anionic resin 阴离子交换树脂anisotropic 各向异性（的）ANN[annunciator] 信号器anneal 退火annual balance sheet 年度决算表，年度资产负债表annual dose 年剂量annual limit on intake 年摄入量限值annual outage 年度停役annual processing rate 年处理率annual reload 年换料量annual risk 年度风险annual throughput （燃料）年投量annubar 阿牛巴，环杆annular plate 环形板annular space bellows 环形气隙波纹管annulus gas 环隙气体annulus gas system 环隙气体系统annulus shielding 环隙屏蔽annulus space 环形区，环形气隙（区）annulus spacer 环形定位圈annunciation 报警，（状态）通告annunciation interrogation workstation[AIW] 报警查询工作站annunciation window 报警窗annunciator 信号器，报警器anode 阳极anomaly 异[反]常ANSI[American National Standards Institute] 美国国家标准学会antenna ring 触环anticipated operational occurrence 预计运行事件anticipated performance 预期的性能anticipated transient condition 预期瞬态工况anticoincidence 反符合anti-corrosion 防腐，耐蚀anti-reverse 不可逆，防倒转anti-reverse ratchet 防倒转棘轮anti-scalant 阻垢剂antiscale 防垢剂anti-seismic 防震anti-seizer lubricant 防咬润滑剂AO,A/O[analog output] 模拟量输出a/o [atomic percent] 原子百分数aperiodicity 非周期性aperture 孔径apparent 表观的apparent output 表观功率[输出]，视[在]功率appendix 附录[件]applicability 适用性applicable code and standard 适用规范与标准applicant 申请者applied dose 施予剂量appraisal 鉴定approach to criticality 逼近临界approach to power 提升功率approval 批准approved supplier 认可/批准的供货商5aquatic pathway （放射性释放）水途径aqueous process 水法，湿法aqueous solution 水溶液arc flame 弧焰arc lamp 弧光灯arc strike 引弧斑痕architectural finishing 建筑饰面archival administrative department 档案行政管理部门archival arrangement 档案整理archival code 档号archival descriptive information centre 档案资料目录中心archival evidence 档案证明archival information classification 档案信息分类archival microform 档案缩微品archival publications 档案出版物archival repository 档案库房archival science 档案学archival value 档案价值archive area 馆区archives 档案；档案馆archives building 档案馆建筑archives container 档案装具archives management 档案管理archives thesaurus 档案主题词表archives work 档案工作area 区域，地区，范围；面积area monitor 区域监视器area monitoring 区域监测area survey 区域测量argon 氩（气）argon arc cutting 氩弧切割arithmeticroutine 运算程序armature 电枢armo(u)red cable 铠装电缆arrangement drawing 布置图artificial radioactivity 人工放射性artificial ventilation 人工通风as low as reasonable achievable[ALARA] 合理可行尽量低ASAP[as soon as possible] 尽快as-built data[ABD] 竣工资料as-built drawing 竣工图ascending 上行[向]的ASCII[American Standard Code for Information Interchange] 美国信息交换标准代码ASDV[atmospheric steam discharge valve] 大气蒸汽排放阀aseismic 抗震的aseismic joint 防震缝ASME[American Society of Mechanical Engineers]美国机械工程师学会aspect ratio 纵横比asperity 粗糙度aspiration pressure （泵）吸水压力，抽气压力assembler 汇编程序assembly 组件assembly drawing 总装配图assessment 评价assessment of radiation protection 辐射防护评价ASSET[Assessment of Safety Significant Event Team] 安全重要事件评价组assistance 辅助设备assistant power plant operator[APPO] 电站助理操纵员associate 关联associated facilities 配套设施assumed accident 假想事故ASTM[American Society for Testing Materials] 美国材料试验学会as-welded 焊（后状）态的asychronous motor 异步电动机asymmetric line break 非对称效应的管路破裂asymmetrical disturbance 非对称扰动asymptotic 渐近的at saturation 达到[处于]饱和atmosphere barrier 空气隔板atmospheric contamination 大气污染atmospheric control 大气控制atmospheric dispersion 大气弥散6atmospheric dispersion factor 大气弥散因子atmospheric pathway （放射性释放）气途径atmospheric pollution 大气污染atmospheric radiation monitoring apparatus 大气辐射监测装置atmospheric stability 大气稳定度atmospheric steam discharge valve 大气蒸汽排放阀atomic absorption 原子吸收at-reactor (fuel) storage 反应堆现场（燃料）贮存attachment ring 安装环attendance and no-attendance 出席和缺席attenuation 衰减，减弱attenuation factor 衰减因子attributablerisk 归因危险（风险）attribute 属性ATWS[anticipated transient without scram] 未能紧急停堆的预期瞬态audible alarm 音响报警audio-visual archives 音像档案audio-visual equipment 视听设备audit 监查auditteam 监查小组auditplan 监查计划austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢authority 管理机构，当局authorisation 许可，批准，授以资格或合格证书authorised activity 批准的行动authorised discharge 批准的排放authorised facility 批准的设施authorised first operator[AFO] 授权的首席操纵员authorised inspector 授权检查员authorised limit 管理限值，特准限值authorised nuclear operator [ANO] 授权的核操纵员authorised termination of responsibility 授权终止责任authorised transfer 许可的转移authorised use 授权使用“AUTO”compressor 处于“自动”状态下的压缩机AUTO mode 自动模式autoclave 高压釜autoclave channel 高压釜通道autoclave circuit 高压釜回路autoclaving 高压釜处理autocorrelation 自相关autogenous cutting （乙炔）气割automatic 自动automatic voltage regulator [AVR] 自动电压调节器automatic water purge 自动冲水清洗automatic/manual station 自动-手动操作台automation 自动化autoradiography 自射线照相法autoregressive 自回归autotransformer 自耦变压器auto-turbine run-up system 汽机自动升速系统auxiliary 辅助（的）auxiliary bay 辅助间auxiliary control room 辅助控制室auxiliary feed & bleed inlet & outlet [AFBIO] 辅助给排水进出口auxiliary feedwater pump [AFP] 辅助给水泵auxiliary H2O leakage collection system [AHLCS] 辅助轻水泄漏收集系统auxiliary hoist 副提升机构auxiliary impeller 辅助叶轮auxiliary nitrogen circuit 辅助氮气回路auxiliary transformer 辅助[厂用]变压器availability 可利用率availability factor 可利用因子available 可用的average flux power 平均中子通量功率average fuel rating [duty] 燃料平均比功率average zone level [AZL] 平均区域液位avertable dose 可免剂量averted dose 已免剂量Avogadro’s number 阿佛加德罗常数AVT [all volatile treatment] 全挥发处理away-from-reactor(fuel) storage （燃料）离堆贮存, 厂外贮存awu [atomic weight unit] 原子量单位axial elongation 轴向伸长7axial factor 轴向（功率峰）因子axial flaw 轴向裂纹axial form factor 轴向形状因子axial offset [AO] 轴向偏移axial peaking factor 轴向峰值因子axial peaking hot factor 轴向热点峰因子axial power deviation 轴向功率偏差axial tensile load 轴向拉伸荷载axisymmetric 轴对称（的）azimuthal 方位，角向（的）Bb [barn] 靶恩（核反应截面单位）back checking 返回校验back lighted button 带灯按钮backfill 回填backflow 回[逆，反]流background 背景，本底backing pump 前级泵backing welding 打底焊backlog 积压(的待办事项)backspace 退格back-up 备用back-up air supply 备用空气源back-up air tank 备用气箱back-up cooling 备用冷却backup feedwater pump [BFP] 备用给水泵backup heat sink 备用热阱back-up injection mode 备用注入模式backup seal 备用密封back-up water 备用水backward 反向backwash 反洗，反萃取backwash piping 反冲洗管back-water valve [BWV] 回水阀badge 佩章剂量计baffle 缓冲板balance header 平衡集管balance of nuclear steam plant [BNSP] 核蒸汽厂房辅助设施balance of plant [BOP] 核电厂配套子项balancing hoist 平衡吊车ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball check valve 止回球阀，球型止回阀ball float valve 浮球阀ball plunger （储仓推杆座管的）球销ball screw 滚珠丝杠ball spline 滚珠花键ball valve 球阀ballast 镇流器ballast trailer 配重拖车bandwidth （频）带宽bank guarantee 银行担保bank of cylinder 气瓶组bank reconciliation statement 银行往来对帐单bar 巴（压力单位）;杆[棒，条]bar chart 棒图，条型图bar list 钢筋表bar method 贯通法磁粉探伤bare 裸的；无反射层的barricade 屏蔽板，隔板barrier 屏障，隔板base 底板，基础baseline 基线，扫描线，原始资料base mat 底板垫层base material 母材base plate 基板base rock 基岩base-load operation 基本负荷运行basement 地下室，基板basic 碱性；基本的basic design 基准设计basic limit 基本限值basic safety function 基本安全功能basket （过滤用）网篮batch 分批batch controller 批量调节器batching pump 计量泵battery 蓄电池，电池组bay 水池8baybolt 地脚螺栓bayonet 插入式；回流管式；卡口，销钉连接bead welding 堆焊beak attrition （树脂的）破碎损坏bearing 轴承（座），支座bearing (lube) oil pump 轴承（润滑）油泵bearing cooling water piping 轴承冷却水管bearing housing 轴承座（箱）bearing pad 支承垫片，轴承衬垫bearing pressure 轴承压力bearing sleeve 轴承套管[衬套]Becquerel 贝可[勒尔](放射性活度单位)beetle 一种形似甲虫的水份探测器探头beginning-of-plant life 电厂寿期初behaviour 行为，性状bell 扩散管，喇叭口，漏斗Belleville washer (装卸料机机头内的)贝氏垫圈bellows 波纹管bellows assembly 波纹管组件bellows attachment ring 波纹管连接环bellows expansion joint 波纹管膨胀[伸缩]接头bellows-sealed globe valve 波纹管密封截止阀belt-driven 皮带传动bench-mark 水准点，基准点bench run 台架试验bend 弯管bend extrados 弯管外脊bend intrados 弯管内脊beneficiary 收款人，受益人benefit-cost analysis 效益-成本分析bent frame 排架beryllium assisted crack penetration 铍促使裂缝贯穿beta particle β粒子beta-active β放射性的beyond design basis accident [BDBA] 超设计基准事故beveling machine 坡口机bias 偏置[压]bias error 偏置误差bi-cable 双电缆bicarbonate 重碳酸盐bid evaluation 评标bidirectional fuelling 双向换料bidirectional refueling 双向换料bidirectional switch 双向转换开关big repair 大修bill of lading (货运)提单bill of material [BM] 材料清单bill of quantities 工程量清单bimetallic thermometer 双金属温度计binary comparator 二进制比较器binary digital counter [BDC] 二进制数字计数器binary signal 二进制信号binomial 双重；二项式bioaccumulation factor 生物积累因子bioassay 生物学检验，生物[学]分析bio-engineering 生物工程biological half-life 生物半周期，生物半衰期biological shield 生物屏蔽biosphere 生物层，生物圈bistable 双稳态bit 位bitumen solidification 沥青固化black absorber rod 黑体吸收棒black sheet 黑铁皮blackout 全厂断电bladed U tube 翅片 U 形管blank 空格blank flange 盲板法兰blanket 转换区bled steam 抽汽bleed condenser 泄放[排气]冷凝器bleed valve 排放[水]阀bleed water 排水blender 搅拌器blind flange 盲板法兰，法兰盲板blister 起泡blister formation threshold [BFT] 汽泡生成阈block 数据块9block diagram 方框图block sequence welding 分段多层焊block switch 闭锁开关block wall 砌块墙blockage 堵塞blocked position 闭锁位置blocking piston 闭锁活塞blowdown 排放，排污blowdown accident 喷放[失水]事故blowdown flash tank 排污扩容箱blower （排）风机blown fuse 熔断保险丝blow-off [out] valve 排放阀blowout diaphragm 爆破膜，安全膜blowout panel 爆破盘blu(e)ing test 着色试验blunt(notch-type)flaw 钝缺陷BMW [boiler make-up water] 蒸汽发生器补水board inward dialing [BID] 经话务台接入body dose 全身剂量body relief valve [BRV] 阀体泄压阀body-bonnet connection 阀体与阀盖的联接boiler 蒸汽发生器，锅炉boiler blowdown 蒸汽发生器排污boiler blowdown system [BBS] 蒸汽发生器排污系统boiler feed pump 蒸汽发生器给水泵boiler level control [BLC] 蒸汽发生器水位控制boiler pressure control [BPC] 蒸汽发生器压力控制boiling channel 沸腾通道boiling length 沸腾长度boiling point 沸点BOL [beginningof life] 寿期初bolt joint 螺栓连接bolt-up 螺栓紧固bolt-up material 栓接材料bonding 忠诚保险bonnet 阀帽boom truck 汽车吊booster pump 增压泵BOP [balance of plant] 核电厂配套子项borated water 含硼水boric oxide 氧化硼boric anhydride 硼酸酐boron 硼boron addition 加硼，硼添加boron dilution 硼稀释boron removal 除硼boron storage tank 硼储存箱boron-lined counter 涂硼计数管boss （安装）凸台bottle station 气瓶站bottle type heat exchanger 立式热交换器bottling-up valve （主泵轴封）回流阀bounce 跳[抖]动bowl 圆锥型壳，反射罩box foundation 箱形基础Bq [becquerel] 贝可（放射性活度单位）bracing 撑杆[条]bracket “牛腿”，支承架brake 制动器,(金属板的)压弯成形机brake circuit 制动回路brake drum 轮闸鼓brake element 制动部件brake ring 制动环brake shoe 制动瓦，刹车闸brake valve 闸阀brakeforming 压弯成形B-ram fill flow B 推杆供给流branch office 分公司brand 铭牌，商标brass 黄铜braze welding 钎焊break down 解离，熔断break location 破口位置break of contact 触点断开break size 破口尺寸break-before-make contact 先断后合接[触]点breakdown list 分项明细表10breaker 断路器break-even 得失平衡break-even chart 损益平衡表breaking capacity 遮断容量break-make contact 换向接点breathing air system 呼吸空气系统breathing apparatus 呼吸装置breech 尾部bridge 桥架bridge column （装卸料机）桥架立柱bridge crane 桥式吊车brittle crack [rupture] 脆（性破）裂bronze ball valve 铜球阀brush 电刷，刷子B-scale [binary scale] 二进制记数法BSI [basic subject index] 基本科目代码BTU [British thermal unit] 英热单位bubble chamber 气[吹]泡室bubbler 鼓泡(侧压)管,气泡式侧压管bubbler header 气[吹]泡装置集管bubbler helium header 气[吹]泡装置氦气集管bubbly-slug flow 泡状团状流buck-and-boost regulator 电压升降调节器bucket pump 活塞泵buckling 曲率budget amendments 追加预算，预算修正案budgetary balance sheet 预算平衡表buffer 缓冲器，减震器buffer room 缓冲间buffer space 缓冲区buffering chemical 缓冲试剂building 建筑（物），厂房building components 建筑构件building crack 厂房裂缝building deterioration 厂房（质量）恶化build-up 积累，堆积build-up factor 累积因子build-up sequence （堆焊或多层焊）熔敷顺序built clean 建造清洁built-in 内装[部]的, 嵌[镶]入的,固定的bulging factor 膨胀系数bulk 整体，散装bulk boiling 整体沸腾bulk correction factor 总体修正因子bulk helium supply 大量氦气供给bulk memory 大容量存储器bulk overpower 整体超功率bulk power 总体功率bulk purchase 散件采购bulkhead 舱壁bull ’s eye type flow gauge 牛眼型流量计bumping 碰撞，冲击bundle power 棒束功率bundle residence time 棒束（堆内）驻留时间bundle structure 棒束结构buoyancy 浮力burial （放射性废物）埋藏buried cable 地下[埋设]电缆burn out 燃耗，烧毁burnable poison 可燃毒物burnup 燃耗burst can 元件包壳破损burst slug 燃料元件破损bus 母线，总线bus duct 母线管道bus work 母线连接busbar 母线，汇流条[排]bushing 衬套，套筒，套管bushing type current transformer [BCT] 套管式电流互感器business archives 企业档案馆business plan 业务计划business tax 营业税busway 母线槽[通道]butt welding 对（接）焊butterfly valve 蝶阀buzzer 蜂鸣器by-pass 旁路，旁通管bypass valve 旁通阀11by-path valve 旁通阀byte （计算机）字节cabinet 小室，柜Ccadweld 火泥焊CAE [Canadian Aviation Electronics Ltd.] 加拿大航空电子公司CAE [computer aided engineering] 计算机辅助(设计cable 电缆; (周长大于 10″的)缆索,钢丝绳cable box 电缆盒cable branching box 电缆分线箱cable bridge 电缆桥架cable channel [conduit] 电缆管道cable clamp 电缆夹cable connector 电缆接头cable core 电缆芯线cable distributor 电缆分线盒〔配线架〕cable duct [pan, race, trench] 电缆槽[沟]cable end fitting 电缆终端配件cable flat 电缆层cable gallery 电缆廊道cable identification marker 电缆标记，电缆标识器cable integrity testing 电缆一致〔完整〕性试验cable laying 电缆敷设cable layer 电缆包层cable-laid 电缆敷设的cable list 电缆清册cable lug 电缆接线片cable pulling vault 电缆井cable ring system 电缆环网cable socket 电缆端头cable spreading 电缆敷设cable supply 电缆供应cable termination 电缆头cable tray 电缆托[桥]架cablet （周长不到 10″的）小缆索cableway 电缆管孔cabling 电缆敷设，布线cabling diagram 电缆连接图cabling systems by area 区域电缆系统cache memory 高速缓冲存储器CAD [computer aided design] 计算机辅助设计CADD [computer aided design & drawing] 计算机辅助设计与制图(系统) 与)工程(管理)cage motor 鼠笼式电动机cage valve 套筒阀caisson 沉箱calandria 排管容器calandria boost 排管容器充水calandria boundary 排管容器边界calandria head tank 排管容器高位箱calandria level control 排管容器液位控制calandria outlet temperature [COT] 排管容器出口温度calandria pressure relief pipe 排管容器卸压管calandria seismic restraint 排管容器抗震支撑calandria side tubesheet subassembly [CSTS] 排管容器（侧）管板calandria tube 排管calandria tube leak 排管泄漏calandria tubesheet 排管容器管板calandria vault 排管容器室，堆腔calculation sheet 计算书caliber 管径，口径calibrated factor 校准因子calibrated log power 校准对数功率calibration 标定，校准，校验calibration gas 标定气体calibration gas composition 标定气体成分calibration program 检定程序call in （计算机）调入call on （计算机）访问，调用call slip 领料单call-up system 呼叫系统calorimeter 量热计calorstat 恒温箱camber 拱度CAMLS [computerizedannunciationmessage list system] 计算机12报警信息列表系统CAN [National standard of Canada] 加拿大国家标准can handling tool （破损燃料）罐操作工具canal 管道，通道CANDU [canadian deuterium- uranium reactor]坎杜堆，加拿大重水铀堆CANDU Project Management (CPM) 坎杜项目部canister 小罐,金属容器;高放密封容器;空气过滤器, 箱式真空吸尘器CANLUB （燃料包壳）石墨涂层canned pump （全）密封泵canned centrifugal pump 密封式离心泵CANNET [CANDU network] CANDU 网络canning equipment 封装设备cantilever crane 悬臂吊canyon pump 屏蔽泵cap screw 有头螺钉，带帽螺钉capacitance 电容capacitor 电容器capacitor stack 电容器叠层capacity 容量capacity factor 容量因子capillary 毛细管capsule 封套；幅照（样品）盒capsuleflange 封套法兰capture 俘获capture cross section 俘获截面capture gamma ray 俘获γ射线carbon brush 碳刷carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon dioxide suppression system 二氧化碳灭火系统carbon floating ring 石墨浮环carbon steel flange 碳钢法兰carbonate 碳酸盐card 插件（板）cardboard filtering element 纸质过滤器元件cardinal point 基点，座标点caretaker 管理员cargo 货运carousel 转盘贮存器，圆盘传送带carriage 滑车；托架；（电）支撑架carriage actuator 滑车驱动器carriage return [CR] 回车carrier 载体；（放射性物质）运输carrier gas 载气carrying gas 载气carrying idler 空载carryover 汽（中夹）带水，带水率carryunder 水带汽，带汽率cart 运输小车cartesian co-ordinate system 直角坐标系cartridge (过滤器)芯子；燃料元件盒cartridge filter 过滤筒，滤芯cartridge valve 插装式阀cascade control 串级调节cascade controller 串级调节器cascading event 触[引]发事件case-by-case 逐件地case-hardening 表面硬化casing 外[泵，机]壳，壳体casing assembly 壳体组件cask(-flask) 屏蔽容器cassette tape 盒（式磁）带cast iron 铸铁casting 铸造casting crack （铸造）缩裂cast-in-site concrete 现浇混凝土catalogue 目录cataloguint/description 编目catalyser [catalyzer] 催化剂，触媒catalyst 催化剂catalytic recombination unit 催化复合装置catcher 捕集器catch-up schedule 赶工计划catenary hose 悬链软管catenary system （装卸料机）悬链系统catexer 阳离子交换树脂cathode 阴极13cathode ray tube [CRT] 阴极射线管cathodic protection 阴极保护cathodic screen CRT 屏幕catholyte 阴极电解液cation 阳离子cation bed 阳离子床cation conductivity 阳离子电导率cation-anion resin 阳-阴离子树脂cationic resin 阳离子交换树脂catoloid 胶体二氧化硅causality 因果律，因果关系cause-consequence tree [CCT] 因果树（分析）caustic 强碱性，碱性的caustic corrosion 碱性腐蚀caustic embrittlement 苛性脆化cavitation 气蚀cavitation corrosion 空蚀，气蚀cavity 腔室CCP [critical channel power] 临界通道功率CCTV [closed-circuit television] 闭路电视CCW [counter-clockwise] 反时针方向CED [contract effective date] 合同生效日期ceiling 天花板ceiling grounding receptacle [CGR] 天棚接地插座cell average normalization [CAN] （堆）栅元平均归一化cell boundary 栅元边界cell configuration 栅元布置cell correction factor 栅元校正因子cell edge normalization [CEN] 栅元边缘归一化cell parameter 栅元参数cell radius 栅元半径cell-averaging (method) 栅元平均（方法）cell-centered flux 栅元中心中子通量cell-homogenized cross section 栅元均匀化截面cellular 多孔的，蜂窝状的Celsius 摄氏cement-solidified 水泥固化的center of maintenance activity 维修活动中心centerline 中（心）线centigrade [C] 百分度，摄氏central bearing pad 中心轴承垫central hole 中心孔central processing unit [CPU] 中央处理器centralized control 集中控制centrifugal 离心的centrifugal pump 离心泵centripetal 向心的centroid 矩心，质心centrosymmetry 中心对称CEP [condensate extraction pump] 凝结水泵ceralloy 陶瓷合金ceramic 陶瓷（的）ceramic uranium pellet 铀陶瓷芯块certificate 证书certificate of approval 鉴定证书certificate of compliance 合格证，税款交清证明书certificate of conformity 合格证certification 鉴定，证明；证明书，鉴定书，检验证明书certification of authorization 授权书certified 合格的certified material test report 合格材料试验报告CFR [code of federal regulation] （美国）联邦管理法规CFV [channel flow verification] 通道流量验证chain block 手拉葫芦，链动滑轮change in design [CID] 设计更改change notice 变更通知change request 变更申请changeover 转向[接]channel 通道；管道channel annulus bellows 燃料通道环隙波纹管channel annulus spacer [garter spring] 燃料通道环形定位圈[箍簧]channel blockage （燃料）通道堵塞channel closure 燃料通道密封塞channel coolant flow rate （燃料）通道冷却剂流量channel dwell time （燃料）通道停留时间channel end fitting （燃料）通道端部（组）件14channel flow verification [CFV] system （燃料）通道流量验证系统channel heat output （燃料）通道热功率channel inlet （燃料）通道入口channel inspection and gauging apparatus for reactor [CIGAR] 反应堆燃料通道检查和测量装置channel network （燃料）通道网（络）channel outlet （燃料）通道出口channel positioning assembly （燃料）通道定位组件channel power peaking factor [CPPF] （燃料）通道功率峰因子channel sealed-in （仪表）通道自保持channel steel 槽钢channel temperature monitoring system [CTMS] （燃料）通道温度监测系统channel –type reactor 压力管式反应堆channeling effect 沟道效应character (string) 字符（串）characteristic curve 特性曲线characterization 表征charcoal absorber 活性炭吸附器charcoal bed 活性炭床charcoal filter 活性炭过滤器charge and discharge operations 装卸料操作charge release 甩负载,甩(循环冷却水)用户charge-coupled device 电荷耦合器件charging/discharging 装卸料chart-recorded 图表记录的chart recorder 图形记录仪chartered bank 特许银行charting 制图，绘图chartographer 制图者chasing 开槽，车螺纹check and test program 检查和试验大纲check bolt 防松/制动螺栓check feed valve 给水止回阀check meter 校验仪表check pin 制动销check plate 防松板，制动板check valve 止回阀checker 检验者，检验装置checklist 核查单checknut 防松螺母，锁紧螺母checkoff 检查完毕，查讫checkout 检验（完毕），校验，测试checkpoint （控制区入口）检查点checksum 检验和chemical addition station 化学物添加站chemical addition vessel 化学物添加箱chemical additive 化学添加剂chemical additive pump 化学添加剂供给泵chemical absorption 化学吸附chemical affinity 化学亲和性[势]chemical cleaning 化学清洗chemical dosing pump 化学计量加料泵chemical lab 化学实验室chemical purification 化学净化chemical purity 化学（物）纯（度）chemicals 化学药物chemisorption 化学吸着作用[吸附]chemistry control 化学控制chequered plate 网[花]纹钢板CHF [critical heat flux] 临界热通量chilled water 冷冻水chiller 冷冻机chimney 烟囱Chinese Commodity Inspection Bureau 中国商检局chloride 氯化物chloridization 氯化chlorinating 加氯chlorination 氯化消毒chlorinator 加氯器chlorinity 氯含量chromatogram 色谱chromatography column 色谱柱chromogram 立体彩色图chromometer 比色计chronic exposure 慢性照射15。

小学上册第7次英语第六单元全练全测

小学上册英语第六单元全练全测英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.We have a ______ (有趣的) project on recycling.2. A ________ (石碑) can mark historical events.3.We will have a ________ next week.4.The __________ (社会创新) solves problems.5.Which animal is known for its ability to change color?A. ChameleonB. FrogC. EagleD. SharkA6.I believe that everyone should have the right to ________ (接受教育) no matter where they live.7.What is the capital of France?A. BerlinB. LondonC. ParisD. MadridC8.The girl loves to ________.9.The leaves on the _______ turn red in autumn.10.We have a ______ (丰富的) array of activities planned.11. A ________ is a large area of land with few trees.12.What is the capital of Cyprus?A. NicosiaB. LarnacaC. LimassolD. FamagustaA13.What do you call the study of living things?A. BiologyB. ChemistryC. PhysicsD. Geography14. Mountains run through _____ (南美洲). The Ande15.What is the name of the first female prime minister of the UK?A. Margaret ThatcherB. Theresa MayC. Angela MerkelD. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf16.What is the boiling point of water?A. 50 degrees CelsiusB. 75 degrees CelsiusC. 100 degrees CelsiusD. 150 degrees CelsiusC 100 degrees Celsius17.I have a new ________ (朋友) at school.18.I enjoy painting my ________ (玩具类型).19.The ________ (社区参与) strengthens democracy.20.I want to travel to ______ someday.21.We can ___ a fun game together. (play)22.The _______ (The Civil Rights Movement) fought for racial equality in the US.23.Which animal can be trained to help people?A. CatB. DogC. FishD. Hamster24.What do you call the place where you buy food?A. SchoolB. StoreC. ParkD. LibraryB25. A ____ is known for its ability to leap great distances.26.What do you call a young chicken?A. DucklingB. ChickC. CalfD. KidB27.The ________ is known for its long neck.28. A _______ can grow in both sunlight and shade.29.The gecko can climb smooth ______ (表面).30.What is the capital of El Salvador?A. San SalvadorB. TegucigalpaC. ManaguaD. Guatemala CityA San Salvador31.What is the name of the famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci?A. The Starry NightB. The Last SupperC. Mona LisaD. Girl with a Pearl EarringC32. A _______ is a chemical reaction that results in the formation of a new substance.33.I often help my __________ with cooking. (妈妈)34.The capital city of Australia is ________ (堪培拉).35. A _______ is a process that produces energy.36.My sister enjoys learning about ____ (geography).37.The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be _______. (创造或破坏)38.What do we call a young dolphin?A. CalfB. KitC. PupD. ChickA Calf39.The ______ is known for her impactful writing.40.The _____ (植物形态) can vary widely among species.41.We go to bed at ___ (eight/nine).42.The chemical formula for magnesium sulfate is __________.43.What is the name of the famous waterfall in North America?A. Victoria FallsB. Angel FallsC. Niagara FallsD. Iguazu FallsC44.I enjoy ___ (watching) birds fly.45.What is the largest planet in our solar system?A. MarsB. EarthC. JupiterD. SaturnC46.What do you call the time when the sun sets?A. MorningB. AfternoonC. EveningD. Night47.The ancient Mesopotamians created one of the first written _______.48.The ancient Greeks believed in the importance of ________ (艺术).49. A wave can be described by its amplitude, wavelength, and ______.50.I like to go ________ (划船) during summer.51.The puppy is very ___. (playful)52.The __________ is a famous city known for its art and culture. (巴黎)53.What is the name of the largest rainforest in the world?A. Congo RainforestB. Amazon RainforestC. Taiga ForestD. Deciduous ForestB Amazon Rainforest54.My grandma has a lovely _____ at her house.55.The _______ (小鸽子) coos softly on the windowsill.56.What do you call someone who helps you learn?A. TeacherB. DoctorC. LawyerD. Chef57.I built a ________ (城堡) out of my building blocks.58.The ________ was a significant trade route in Asia.59.We should _______ (尊重) each other.60.We have a ______ (丰富的) variety of activities at school.61.What is the capital of South Africa?A. Cape TownB. PretoriaC. JohannesburgD. DurbanB62.The chemical formula for ammonia is _____.63.How many wheels does a bicycle have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four64.What is the name of the popular video-sharing platform?A. YouTubeB. FacebookC. InstagramD. TikTok65.I listen to ______ while studying.66.What do you call a person who studies history?A. HistorianB. ScientistC. GeographerD. Mathematician67.I like to listen to ______ (故事) before bed. They help me relax and drift off to sleep.68. A goldfish can be trained to perform simple ______ (动作).69.My ______ loves to cook new recipes.70.The __________ (花香) is a delight in the garden.71. A rabbit’s teeth are always ______ (生长).72.Did you see the _____ (兔子) hopping around?73.The __________ can provide critical insights into Earth's geological processes.74.They are playing ______ in the park. (football)75.I love going on ________ during the holidays.76.I have a good _____ (同学).77.How many wheels does a bicycle have?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5A78.My niece is very .79.The capital of Sweden is _____.80.The _____ (企鹅) waddles across the ice, looking for fish. 企鹅在冰上摇摇晃晃地走，寻找鱼。

Belimo P-22RT Room Operating Unit 数据表说明书

Room Operating Unit CO₂ / Humidity / Temperature with virtual displayFor measuring temperature, humidity and CO₂ in the room and for regulating the room temperature and/or ventilation. Thanks to MP-Bus communication and integratedanalogue outputs, the room operating unitscan be seamlessly connected to existing third-party controllers. Commissioning andparametrising of the device are conveniently done with the Belimo Assistant App. The end user can access the device via the BelimoDisplay App to read room values and to adjust the temperature setpoint.Type OverviewTypeCommunicationVoltage output Measured values Setpoint Display type P-22RTM-1900A-1MP-Bus 3 x 0...5 V, 0...10 V,2...10 V CO₂, Temperature, Relative humidity, Dewpoint Temperature Belimo Display App andLED P-22RTH-1900A-1MP-Bus3 x 0...5 V, 0...10 V,2...10 VTemperature, Relative humidity, Dew pointTemperatureBelimo Display AppTechnical dataElectrical dataNominal voltage AC/DC 24 VNominal voltage range AC 19.2...28.8 V / DC 19.2...28.8 V Power consumption AC 1 VA Power consumption DC 0.5 WElectrical connection Spring loaded terminal 0.25...1.5 mm²Electrical connection note Cable Type USA & Canada: CL2 or higher Cable entryBack side Top side Bottom side Data bus communication Communication MP-BusNumber of nodesMP-Bus max. 8 (16)Functional data Application AirVoltage output3 x 0...5 V, 0...10 V, 2...10 VOutput signal active noteOutput 0...5 V, 0...10 V (factory setting), 2...10 V selectable via NFC min. resistance 5 kΩDisplayBelimo Display App and LEDThe LED is used for the CO₂ TLF (traffic light function). The LED can be parametrised and deactivated via Belimo Assistant App. (Type (P-)22RTM-..)Measuring data Measured valuesCO₂Relative humidity Dew point TemperatureSpecification CO₂Sensing element technology NDIR (non dispersive infrared) dual channel Measuring range Default setting: 0...2000 ppm Accuracy±(50 ppm + 2% of measured value)Long term stability±20 ppm p.a.Specification TemperatureMeasuring range0...50°C [32...122°F](default setting)Accuracy temperature active ±0.5°C @ 25°C [±0.9°F @ 77°F]Long term stability±0.03°C p.a. @ 25°C [±0.05°F p.a. @ 77°F]Specification HumidityMeasuring rangeDefault setting: 0...100% RHMeasuring range dew point Default setting: -50...50°C [-60...120°F]Accuracy±2% between 0...90% RH @ 25°C Long term stability±0.25% RH p.a. @ 25°C @ 50% RH Safety dataProtection class IEC/EN III, Protective Extra-Low Voltage (PELV)Degree of protection IEC/EN IP30EU Conformity CE Marking Quality Standard ISO 9001Ambient humidity Max. 95% RH, non-condensing Ambient temperature 0...50°C [32...122°F]Storage temperature-40...70°C [-40...160°F]MaterialsHousingPC, white, RAL 9003Technical dataSafety notesThis device has been designed for use in stationary heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems and must not be used outside the specified field of application. Unauthorisedmodifications are prohibited. The product must not be used in relation with any equipment that in case of a failure may threaten humans, animals or assets.Ensure all power is disconnected before installing. Do not connect to live/operating equipment.Only authorised specialists may carry out installation. All applicable legal or institutional installation regulations must be complied with during installation.The device contains electrical and electronic components and must not be disposed of as household refuse. All locally valid regulations and requirements must be observed.General remarks concerning sensorsRemarksThe measuring result is influenced by the thermal characteristics of the wall. A solid concrete wall responds to thermal fluctuations within a room more slowly than a light-weight structure wall. A room sensor always detects a mixture of air and wall temperature. This means that the radiant heat of the wall, which is important for comfort, is also included in the measurement result.Remark: Occurring draft leads to a better carrying-off of dissipative power at the sensor. Thus temporally limited fluctuations might occur upon temperature measurement.Build-up of self-heating by electricaldissipative powerApplication notice for humidity sensorsInformation self-calibration feature CO₂Temperature sensors with electronic components always have a dissipative power which affects the temperature measurement of the ambient air. The dissipation in active temperature sensors shows a linear increase with rising operating voltage. The dissipative power should be taken into account when measuring temperature.Belimo room sensors have adaptive temperature compensation for the entire supply voltage range. This ensures that the ambient temperature is detected with the highest accuracy at all times.The humidity sensor is extremely sensitive. Touching the sensor element or exposing it to aggressive substances like chlorine, ozone, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide or ethanol (i.e. as a cleaning agent) may affect the measurement accuracy.Long term operation outside the recommended conditions (5…50°C and 20…80% RH) can result in a temporary offset. After returning into the recommended range, this effect disappears.All CO₂ sensors are subject to drift caused by the aging process of the components, resulting in regular re-calibration or replacement of units. However, the dual channel technology integrates automatic self-calibration technology vs. commonly used ABC-Logic sensors. Dual channel self-calibration technology is ideally suited for applications operating 24/7 hours such as those in hospitals or other commercial applications. Manual calibration is not required.RemarksOperationIndicators and Operation1CO₂ TLF (traffic light function), available on the (P-)22RTM-.. sensorColours: green, yellow and red. LED can be parametrised and deactivated via Belimo Assistant App.With the Belimo Display App, actual values of the room unit can be displayed and setpoints can be adjusted. This means that no display on the room unit is required. Thanks to communication via NFC (near field communication), third parties cannot access safety critical data.How it works:1. Download the Belimo Display App2. Hold the smartphone to the room unit3. View/adjust actual values or setpoints4. To activate the setpoints, hold the smartphone to the room unit againParts includedScrewsAccessoriesToolsDescription TypeBelimo Display AppBelimo Display AppBelimo Assistant App, Smartphone app for easy commissioning, parametrising and maintenance Belimo Assistant AppConverter Bluetooth / NFCZIP-BT-NFCNFC connectionServiceBelimo equipment marked with the NFC logo can be operated and parametrised with the Belimo Assistant App.Requirement:- NFC- or Bluetooth-capable smartphone- Belimo Assistant App (Google Play & Apple AppStore)Align NFC-capable smartphone on the sensor so that both NFC antennas are superposed.Connect Bluetooth-enabled smartphone via the Bluetooth-to-NFC Converter ZIP-BT-NFC to thesensor. Technical data and operation instructions are shown in the ZIP-BT-NFC datasheet.NotesWiring diagramAnalogue outputs: The analogue outputs AO1, AO2 and AO3 can be parametrised via NFC.Factory settings:AO1: Temperature AO2: Setpoint Temperature AO3: 22RTH: Humidity, 22RTM: CO₂Wiring diagramGND = 1AC/DC 24 V = 2MP-Bus = 5GND = 10Output 1 = 14Output 2 = 15Output 3 (22RTH/22RTM) = 16DimensionsType Weight P-22RTM-1900A-10.124 kg P-22RTH-1900A-10.113 kgFurther documentation• Overview MP Cooperation Partners• Description Data-Pool Values• Installation instructions。

(人教版)选择性必修第四册：UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION(含解析)

选择性必修第四册UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTIONⅠ.阅读理解Very，very long ago，dogs didn’t exist.There were just wolves of different kinds.“Dogor”，an 18，000-year-old puppy，was found frozen in the permafrost in Siberia near Yakutsk.Permafrost is a layer of ground in Arctic and Antarctic areas that remains frozen.Recently，areas of permafrost are thawing (解冻) as the world has warmed，and uncovering secrets long buried and frozen.Dogor came out of the ground covered with mud and ice，but scientists carefully cleaned him.His head，including his nose，hair，eyelashes，and a mouth full of young teeth，is still very much like it was when he died.Scientists from Sweden have tested him carefully.Their tests showed that the puppy lived 18，000 years ago，that it was a male，and that it was about two months old when it died.But even though the scientists ran two DNA tests to discover whether Dogor was a dog or a wolf，they didn’t get what they wanted.The scientists say that normally it’s fairly “easy to tell the difference”.They now plan on doing a third DNA test.In any case，the results will teach scientists a lot about the history of dogs and when they began to separate from wolves.“We can’t wait to get results from further tests，”said Sergey Fedorov，of the Mammoth Museum of North-Eastern Federal University. Some people believe we may soon get even more information about very old animals.Due to the climate change，the world’s temperature has gone up by 1 ℃，which has led to heat waves，record dry periods，wildfires，record rains，and more strong hurricanes.Since the permafrost in Siberia and other areas is thawing，it’s possible that even more animals will be found，which could help scientists learn more about early history.1.What’s special about Dogor?A.It’s the world’s earliest dog.B.It survived extreme cold.C.It has shown many secrets.D.It is preserved perfectly.2.Which word can best describe the result of the study on Dogor?A.Uncertain.B.Satisfying.C.Unreliable.D.Challenging.3.What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?A.The rise of temperature benefits animal studies.B.Animals are suffering from natural disasters.C.The climate is worsening.D.Scientists call on people to protect ancient animals.4.Where is the text most likely from?A.A science magazine.B.A biology textbook.C.A novel about animals.D.A report about weather.Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to make“green”ammonia(氨)from air，water and renewable electricity.In a paper published in Energy& En v ironmental Science，the authors say that ammonia synthesis(合成)was one of the critical achievements of the 20th century.When used in fertilisers that significantly increase the output of food crops，it could enable agriculture to sustain an ever-expanding global population.But since the beginning of the 1900s when it was first employed，production of ammonia has been energy-intensive—requiring temperatures higher than 400 ℃ and pressures greater than 200 atm—and all powered by fossil fuels.Dr.Emma Lovell，a co-author of the paper from UNSW，says the traditional way to make ammonia，known as the Haber-Bosch process，is only cost-effective when it is produced on a massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required and that it produces more CO2 than any other chemical-making reaction.“In addition to the big carbon footprint left by the Haber-Bosch process，having to produce millions of tonnes of ammonia in centralised locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world，not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in one place，”says Dr.Lovell.“And we saw tragically in Beirut how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate(硝酸铵)can be.”Dr.Lovell and her colleagues therefore looked at how to produce it cheaply，on a smaller scale and using renewable energy.Their new production method does not rely on fossil fuel resources，and doesn’t give off CO2 either.“And once it becomes available commercially，the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand farmers could even do this on site using our technology to make fertilisers—which means we negate the need for storage and transport.There’s a huge benefit to society as well as the health of the planet，”Dr.Lovell says.5.What do we know about the Haber-Bosch process?A.It does harm to the environment.B.It requires green materials.C.It uses less energy and is cheap.D.It transforms fossil fuels into ammonia.6.Why is the city Beirut mentioned in the text?A.To remind people to protect the environment.B.To give an example of the risk in ammonia storage.C.To convince farmers to transport ammonia elsewhere.D.To stress the choice of a proper centralised location.7.What does the underlined word“negate”probably mean in the last paragraph?A.Inspect.B.Avoid.C.Suit.D.Accept.8.What is the purpose of this text?A.To solve a problem.B.To explain a process.C.To advocate a theory.D.To introduce a method.Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·福建省漳州市高三二模)It was a relatively calm day in the fishing village of Kalk Bay.Several people were __1__ by the window of Brass Bell looking out to the water of the Atlantic ocean.Then the scene changed __2__.“I saw this wave come over the harbor (海港) and it __3__ the people，dragging them into the __4__.I immediately ran outside，undressed myself，and dived into the water because I saw a child go in as well.I have a very soft spot for kids，and my instinct (本能) just kicked in to see if I could help，” Tongai said，who __5__ Brass Bell Restaurant.37-year-old Clair and her 8-year-old daughter Arya were two of the people __6__ away.Clair knew they were being pulled into the water as soon as the __7__ rushed over them，and she __8__ to wrap her arms around little Arya.By now Tongai had dropped the drink he was __9__，taken off his belt and jumped into the water—followed by an __10__ tourist.By then the violence of the waves，even just a few meters from shore，had pulled Clair and Arya apart；he used his belt to __11__ Arya who wasn’t able to stay afloat by herself.“I __12__ went to the restaurant to thank the clerk，” Clair said.“My daughter __13__ him immediately，and we all embraced (拥抱) each other.We are so thankful to Tongai and the tourist who risked their __14__ to save ours，but it’s a pity that we still don’t know the tourist’s name；we’ll forever be __15__ to them.”1.A.rowing B.swimmingC.walkingD.driving2.A.dramatically B.deeplyC.graduallyD.constantly3.A.lifted B.coveredC.pressedD.held4.A.village B.bayC.restaurantD.ocean5.A.headed for B.worked atC.lived nearD.ate in6.A.swept B.blownC.thrownD.turned7.A.people B.shipC.life jacketD.wave8.A.learned B.agreedC.managedD.wished9.A.producing B.buyingC.pouringD.storing10.A.unnamed B.outgoingC.attractiveD.international11.A.fix B.rescueC.threatenD.catch12.A.regularly B.occasionallyC.directlyD.recently13.A.recognized fortedC.interviewedD.contacted14.A.business B.livesC.creditD.health15.A.polite B.generousC.gratefulD.friendlyⅢ.语法填空(2024·江西省鹰潭市一模)If you have been to the cinema and watched the popular movie “The Wandering Earth Ⅱ” recently，you might 1.____________(impress) by the intelligent quantum computer MOSS.It has no cognitive limitations，removing the perceptual (感知的)thinking consciousness and left with the rational algorithm only.In fact，such strong AI like MOSS does not exist in reality for 2.____________ time being.Nevertheless，weaker AI，3.____________ replaces human processing in a specific field，has already been imperceptibly (不知不觉地)integrated into our daily life.At present，most of the global AI level is also at this stage，for example，Robotic Process Automation (RPA)，an office software that relieves employees by doing repetitive human tasks，simulating a range of human 4.________(operate) such as on the keyboard and mouse.Furthermore，Open AI 5.____________(release) the language model ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) lately，making human-machine interaction much 6.____________ humanized and intelligent than ever before.Thanks to its revolutionary user experience，ChatGPT obtained more than one million users just five days after 7.____________(it)release.As to 8.________ ChatGPT became such a hit，users think it can display simple results content according to searching keywords. Far from being a Chatbot only，ChatGPT can also realize article creation，code generating and other functions only by requesting.ChatGPT even has the 9.________________(capable)to write code just like a professional programmer.It also presents the strong ability in content continuation，literary creation，music creation，etc.It is so powerful 10.____________ New York City public schools have banned it from their networks and school devices.选择性必修第四册UNIT 1Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

不同温度下饱和氨水浓度

不同温度下饱和氨水浓度Different temperatures have a significant impact on the concentration of saturated ammonia solution. Ammonia, a compound composed of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms, is highly soluble in water, forming a solution known as ammonium hydroxide or ammonia water. The concentration of ammonia water is commonly expressed as a percentage of ammonia by weight. Understanding how temperature affects the concentration of saturated ammonia solution is crucial in various applications, such as in the chemical industry, refrigeration systems, and cleaning agents.At lower temperatures, the solubility of ammonia in water increases, leading to a higher concentration of saturated ammonia solution. This phenomenon can be explained by the Le Chatelier's principle, which statesthat an increase in pressure or decrease in temperature favors the dissolution of gases in liquids. As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the ammonia molecules decreases, allowing them to come closer togetherand form stronger intermolecular forces with water molecules. Consequently, more ammonia molecules can dissolve in water, resulting in a higher concentration of saturated ammonia solution.Conversely, at higher temperatures, the solubility of ammonia in water decreases, resulting in a lower concentration of saturated ammonia solution. This behavior can be attributed to the fact that increasing temperature provides more energy to the ammonia molecules, allowing them to overcome the intermolecular forces between ammonia and water molecules. As a result, fewer ammonia molecules remain dissolved in the water, leading to a lower concentration of saturated ammonia solution.The relationship between temperature and the concentration of saturated ammonia solution can be quantitatively described using the concept of Henry's law. Henry's law states that the concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. In the case of ammonia, the partial pressure is related to its concentration in thesaturated solution. According to Henry's law, as the temperature increases, the solubility of ammonia decreases, resulting in a lower concentration of saturated ammonia solution.The temperature dependence of saturated ammoniasolution concentration has practical implications in various industries. For example, in the chemical industry, the concentration of ammonia in solution affects the efficiency of reactions involving ammonia. By controlling the temperature, manufacturers can adjust the concentration of ammonia in the solution to optimize reaction conditions and improve product yield. In refrigeration systems, the concentration of ammonia in solution influences the cooling capacity of the system. By manipulating the temperature, technicians can adjust the concentration of ammonia to achieve the desired cooling effect. Similarly, in cleaning agents, the concentration of ammonia affects the effectiveness of the solution in removing dirt and stains. By understanding the temperature dependence of ammonia concentration, users can select the appropriate concentration for specific cleaning tasks.In conclusion, different temperatures have a significant impact on the concentration of saturated ammonia solution. Lower temperatures increase thesolubility of ammonia in water, leading to a higher concentration, while higher temperatures decrease solubility, resulting in a lower concentration. This phenomenon can be explained by the principles of Le Chatelier and Henry's laws. Understanding the temperature dependence of ammonia concentration is crucial in various industries, including the chemical industry, refrigeration systems, and cleaning agents. By controlling the temperature, manufacturers and users can optimize reaction conditions, cooling capacity, and cleaning effectiveness, respectively.。

海洋馆维生设备操作流程

海洋馆维生设备操作流程As an operator of marine life support systems in an aquarium, it is crucial to understand and follow the proper operating procedures to ensure the health and well-being of the animals in your care. Thefirst step in this process is to familiarize yourself with all aspects ofthe life support system, including the equipment, controls, and monitoring devices. By having a thorough understanding of how the system works, you can make informed decisions and quickly address any issues that may arise.作为海洋馆动植物维生设备的操作员，了解并遵循适当的操作程序对确保你照顾的动植物的健康和幸福至关重要。

这个过程的第一步是熟悉生命支持系统的所有方面，包括设备、控制和监测装置。

通过深入了解系统的工作原理，你可以做出明智的决策，并迅速解决可能出现的任何问题。

Routine maintenance and inspections are also essential to the proper functioning of a marine life support system. Regularly checking the equipment for any signs of wear or damage, such as leaks or corrosion, can help prevent potential problems before they escalate. Additionally, conducting thorough inspections of all components ofthe system, including pumps, filters, and heaters, can identify any issues that need to be addressed promptly.定期维护和检查对于海洋生命支持系统的正常运行也至关重要。

小学下册O卷英语第1单元暑期作业

小学下册英语第1单元暑期作业英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Christopher Columbus sailed across the ocean in ________.2.We visit the ______ (博物馆) for cultural appreciation.3.The __________ was a major period of cultural revival in Europe.4.What is the capital of Argentina?A. Buenos AiresB. SantiagoC. LimaD. MontevideoA5.The ladybug is small and ______ (可爱).6.I like to help my mom in the ________.7.What is the capital of Hungary?A. BudapestB. DebrecenC. SzegedD. MiskolcA8.I have a collection of _______ (邮票) from different countries.9.The _______ helps maintain the ecosystem.10. A ________ (园艺) enthusiast loves planting.11.Certain plants offer shade and beauty, enhancing outdoor ______ spaces. (某些植物提供阴凉和美丽，提升户外空间的吸引力。

)12.The chemical symbol for fluorine is _______.13.The gecko can climb smooth ______ (表面).14.What do we call the time it takes for the Earth to go around the sun?A. DayB. MonthC. YearD. Century15.The cat is _____ on the windowsill. (lying)16.Granite is an example of an ______ rock that forms from cooled magma.17.The __________ (历史的影响) shapes perceptions.18.What do we call the study of the behavior of animals?A. EthologyB. ZoologyC. PsychologyD. AnthropologyA Ethology19.The ______ helps protect the environment.20.What is the process of changing ice to water?A. MeltingB. EvaporatingC. CondensingD. Freezing21.What is the name of the tallest waterfall in the world?A. Angel FallsB. Niagara FallsC. Victoria FallsD. Yosemite Falls22.My favorite subject is ________ (数学).23.What is the name of the famous castle in Scotland associated with legends of monsters?A. Edinburgh CastleB. Windsor CastleC. Loch Ness CastleD. Stirling CastleC24.Which animal has a pouch for carrying its babies?A. DogB. KangarooC. CatD. Elephant25.What is the name of the fictional cat who is known for being lazy?A. TomB. GarfieldC. FelixD. SylvesterB26.She is learning to ________ the guitar.27.The _______ is important for pollination and growth.28.I drink _____ (milk/juice) for breakfast.29.The study of Earth's history helps predict future ______.30.can Civil War was fought between the North and the __________ (南方). The Amer31.What do you wear on your feet?A. HatB. GlovesC. ShoesD. ScarfC32.What do you use to measure time?A. RulerB. ScaleC. ClockD. ThermometerC33.The puppy is very ________.34.The flower blooms in bright ______.35.I see a __ in the sky. (cloud)36.The process of ______ can change the landscape significantly.37.The octopus can change its ______ (颜色).38.The river is _______ (flowing) swiftly.39.The ____ has four legs and likes to chase mice.40.The hummingbird can hover in ________________ (空中).41. A chemical that can release hydrogen ions in a solution is an ______.42.I call my brother’s friend __________. (他的名字)43.My favorite _________ (玩具) has wheels that light up.44.The dog wags its _______ (尾巴) when happy.45.The capital of Laos is __________.46.The ________ was a monument built to honor a famous leader.47.She is ___ a picture. (drawing)48.What is the common name for the end of a pencil?A. LeadB. TipC. EraserD. BarrelA49.The ____ has a beautiful shell and lives in the ocean.50.I like to ______ (关注) environmental issues.51.What do you call a collection of books?A. VolumeB. LibraryC. AnthologyD. ArchiveB52.I can ______ (处理) conflicts peacefully.53.The ____ has a long body and can swim very well.55.What is the main language spoken in the UK?A. FrenchB. SpanishC. EnglishD. German56.Different types of atoms are represented by different _____ on the periodic table.57.The __________ (寒冷) climate affects our activities.58.The girl loves to ________.59.What is the capital of India?A. MumbaiB. DelhiC. KolkataD. ChennaiB Delhi60.What do we call the study of the universe?A. BiologyB. AstronomyC. ChemistryD. PhysicsB61.My ________ (玩具) is colorful and exciting.62.The _______ has a strong smell.63.What is the capital city of Sweden?A. OsloB. CopenhagenC. StockholmD. HelsinkiC64. A fault is a crack in the Earth’s crust where movement has occurred, often causing ______.65.The process of making lemonade is an example of creating a _____.66.The city of Yerevan is the capital of _______.67.The antelope hops quickly to escape _______.68.We have a ______ (精彩的) plan for the weekend.69.The ______ is very supportive of her students.70.My brother loves to play __________. (橄榄球)71.Planting _____ (生态友好) gardens can enhance urban areas.72.The chemical formula for ammonium molybdate is __________.73.The weather is _______ (非常好).75.Many plants have _____ (独特的特征) that help them survive.76.My mom makes _____ (晚餐) for us.77. A ________ (猴子) is very clever and enjoys swinging from trees.78.How many strings does a violin have?A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7答案:A79.The capital of Colombia is _____.80.The ability to conduct electricity varies among ______.81.Gardening can also provide opportunities for ______ and learning. (园艺还提供了学习和探索的机会。

小学上册第12次英语第三单元期末试卷(含答案)

小学上册英语第三单元期末试卷(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A ______ is a geological feature that rises abruptly.2.Chemicals that speed up reactions without being consumed are _____.3.I want to _______ (学习) about space.4.My ______ loves to cook new recipes.5. A ________ is a large area of land with a specific climate.6.The __________ (历史的纪念碑) honor important figures.7.The clock is ________ on the wall.8.The boy has a new ________.9.Plants release oxygen during ______.10.Space is a vacuum, meaning it has no ______.11. A _____ (植物探索) can lead to new discoveries in botany.12.The fish swims _____ (fast/slow) in the water.13.What is the name of the princess in "Frozen"?A. ArielB. BelleC. ElsaD. Moana答案:C14. A ____(carbon footprint) measures environmental impact.15.My dad loves to play ____ (cricket) with friends.16.How many months have 28 days?A. 1B. 2C. 12D. 0答案: C17.My cat enjoys watching _______ (鸟) outside the window.18.My __________ (玩具名) is my favorite __________ (名词) when I travel.19.__________ (合成) refers to creating new compounds from simpler materials.20.The rabbit hops very ________.21. A chemical equation shows the ______ of reactants and products.22.Alexander the Great created one of the largest __________ in history. (帝国)23.My brother is my adventurous _______ who loves to go on quests with me.24.The flowers smell ______ (wonderful) in spring.25.Read and choose.(看图标号。

2021版高考英语(人教版)一轮复习学案：选修6 4 Unit 4 Global warming Word版含答案

一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意1．graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图2．renewable adj. 能再生的；可更新的3．phenomenon (复数－ena) n.现象4．fuel n. 燃料5．catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫6．data n. 资料；数据7．drought n. 旱灾；干旱8．individual n. 个人；个体adj. 单独的；个别的9．can n. 容器；罐头10．microwave n. 微波炉；微波11．random adj. 胡乱的；任意的12．nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的13．commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉14．motor n. 发动机15．widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的16．subscribe v i. 同意；捐赠；订阅v t. 签署(文件)；捐助Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．tend v i. 趋向；易于；照顾v t. 照顾；护理2．quantity n. 量；数量3．glance v i. 看一下；扫视n. 一瞥4．advocate v t. 拥护；提倡；主张5．mild adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的6．range n. 种类；范围7．tendency n. 倾向；趋势8．refresh v t. 使恢复；使振作9．average adj. 平均的10．pollution n. 污染；弄脏11．circumstance n. 环境；情况12．flood n. 洪水；水灾Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．oppose v t.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的2．educate v．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家→education n．教育3．consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently ad v.因此；所以4．state v t.陈述；说明→statement n．声明；陈述；表达5．steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily ad v.平稳地；持续地6．exist v i.存在→existing adj.目前的；现在的→existence n. 生存；存在7．contribute v．贡献；撰稿→contribution n．贡献8．consume v t.消费；消耗；耗尽→consumer n．顾客9．grow v．增长；生长→growth n．增长；生长10．agree v i.同意→disagree v i.不同意；意见不合→agreement n．同意；协议→disagreement n．分歧11．electrical adj.电的；与电有关的→electricity n．电→electric adj.电的；电动的→electronic adj.电子的1.特别“不规则”的名词复数小结①datum→data数据②medium→media 媒体③bacterium→bacteria 细菌④criterion→criteria 标准⑤phenomenon→phenomena 现象2.与“灾难”有关的名词集锦①flood洪灾②drought旱灾③disaster 灾难④catastrophe大灾难⑤earthquake地震⑥tsunami海啸3.“环境，情况”名词家族①circumstance环境；情况②environment 环境，自然环境③surroundings(周围的)环境/事物④condition状况，情况⑤situation形势，情况(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．come__about发生；造成2．subscribe__to同意；赞成；订购3．quantities__of大量的4．go__up上升；增长；升起5．result__in 导致6．be__opposed__to反对……；与……对立7．even__if即使8．keep__on继续9．on__the__whole大体上；基本上10．on__behalf__of代表……一方；作为……的代言人11．put__up__with 忍受；容忍12．so__long__as只要13．and__so__on 等等1.“动词＋up with”短语集锦①keep up with赶上②catch up with 赶上③end up with 以……结束④come up with 提出⑤put up with 忍受；容忍⑥be fed up with 受够了2.“be＋v.－ed＋to”短语荟萃①be opposed to反对；与……对立②be attached to 附属于③be accustomed to 习惯于④be addicted to 沉溺于⑤be devoted to 奉献⑥be sentenced to 被判处(三)重点句式——背熟巧用二、语境强化训练Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式1．(2019·北京卷语法填空)Earth Day，marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental(环境的) protection.2．(全国卷Ⅱ)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady(平稳的), gradual increases in the length of the runs.3．Many experts don’t advocate(提倡，主张) rewarding your child for good behaviour.4．The average(平均的) temperature ranges between 23℃and 39℃and 51% of the island iscovered with forests.5．The people who cannot quit smoking may easily be affected by his circumstances(情况) and surroundings.6．Quantities(quantity) of money have been spent in bringing up the children since they were married.7．(2019·江苏卷)So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist)．8．(2018·江苏卷)No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth(grow)．Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1．(2019·北京卷七选五)Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 个人；个体2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers. 消费者3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ完形)I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we appreciate it and the gifts. 任意地；无目的地4．(2017·江苏卷)On the Internet, people can find more information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time－saving and economical.节约的；经济的5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.随便的；随意的Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空1．There were a lot of disagreements among us on this issue at first，but finally we reached an agreement. (agree)2．Thanks to the river chief system，the local rivers’pollution has been stopped，and you cannot see any polluted water in this city.(pollute)3．He has made steady progress in his study after he worked day and night steadily for nearly a few months. (steady)4．They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter. (contribute) 5．Many people do not believe the existence of the ghosts，but many young children believethere exists all kinds of ghosts in the world.How to solve this existing problem? (exist) 6．The storm tends to hit our city，and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)7．The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity.Many consumers complain about this.(consume)8．One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from the lung cancer. Consequently,__you and your family will suffer a lot. (consequent) Ⅳ.选词成篇as a consequence; lead to; on average; put up with; come about; under no circumstances; a range of; as long as1.on__average,__a person produces about 2 kilograms of garbage per day.The garbage pollution, which we can’t2.put__up__with,__brings a lot of trouble to our life. Increasing pollution not only3.leads__to serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.4.As__a__consequence,__let’s work together to oppose any form of destruction of the environment.As you can see, our government has taken 5.a__range__of measures to protect and improve our living surroundings. As individuals, whatever es__about,__we must protect our environment. 7.As__long__as it is possible, we’d better live a low－carbon life.8.Under__no__circumstances shall we give up our belief that we can make this world a better place to live in.Ⅴ.完成句子1．(2018·江苏卷书面表达)毫无疑问，完全依靠消费排名是不明智的。

氨制冷螺杆冰机油温高的原因分析及处理措施

氨制冷螺杆冰机油温高的原因分析及处理措施发布时间：2023-02-27T07:41:05.470Z 来源：《当代电力文化》2022年10月19期作者：戴海翔[导读] 简述了氨制冷螺杆冰机的运行原理,对正常运行期间油温持续上涨进行原因分析,针对其分析的原因提出相应的处理措施,以保证制冷系统正常运行?戴海翔浙江省衢州市浙江晋巨化工有限公司浙江衢州 324004摘要:简述了氨制冷螺杆冰机的运行原理,对正常运行期间油温持续上涨进行原因分析,针对其分析的原因提出相应的处理措施,以保证制冷系统正常运行?Abstract: This paper briefly describes the operating principle of the ammonia refrigeration screw ice machine, analyzes the reasons for the continuous rise of oil temperature during normal operation, and puts forward corresponding measures to ensure the normal operation of the refrigeration system.关键词:螺杆冰机;油冷却器;温控阀;弹簧刚性;感温元件Key words: screw ice machine; oil cooler; temperature control valve; spring rigidity; temperature sensing element1设备概况某化工有限公司年产50万t合成氨/80万t尿素项目配套氨制冷螺杆冰机机组,螺杆冰机机组由YORK公司设计,制冷机组运行时R717制冷剂气体经RWF222双螺杆压缩机压缩后由冷凝器冷凝成高压饱和制冷剂液体,通过重力作用流入储液器?由储液器流出的制冷剂液体进入经济器,其间蒸发的制冷剂气体回到压缩机经济器补气口;液态制冷剂储存在经济器中并通过供液管路节流后进入客户的氨制冷,降低氨制冷压力,确保系统安全?该化工公司所购买的螺杆压缩机在运行条件下无须润滑油泵运行,从油分离器被送到压缩机的润滑油,达到系统排出压力?油在压缩机内与所有的部件接触,并送回到压缩机体上比压缩机出口压力低的部位?压缩机的正常操作,使得压缩机基本上以它自身的运行起到油泵的作用?所有进入压缩机的油被压缩机转子向外推出至压缩机出口处,再返回油分离器?所有的喷油及润滑是均靠压差来实现,不但节省功耗同时更是减少了潜在的故障点,避免了因油泵故障导致的压缩机跳停或缺油而轴承抱轴报废的现象2流程简述氨贮罐TK40101A/B中的气氨[温度-33.9℃,压力3.8kPa(g),流量0.992t/h]进入气液分离器PV-103分离液氨后,进入氨制冷螺杆冰机压缩机组入口加压,然后进入冷凝器HX-101的壳程,与管程中的循环水(循环水温度由28℃升至35℃)进行换热后,气氨冷凝为液氨,流入下部储罐PV-101中,然后分两股进入经济器HX-102中,第一股液氨由自调阀YV-101控制,进入HX-102的壳程中蒸发为气氨,温度降至-12.4℃,气氨经气液分离器PV-102分离夹带的液氨后,进入冷冻的压缩机组入口;第二股液氨流经HX-102的管程,温度降至-7.4℃,经手动膨胀阀HCV-102节流降压后[压力降至0MPa(g),温度降至-33.9℃],回到TK40101A/B中。

nh3氧化成nox的温度

nh3氧化成nox的温度英文回答：The temperature at which NH3 oxidizes to form NOx is typically in the range of 800-900°C. At this temperature, the ammonia molecules break down and react with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. This process is often used in industrial settings, such as power plants and chemical production facilities, to control emissions of nitrogen oxides.The oxidation of NH3 to NOx occurs through a series of chemical reactions, with the exact mechanism depending on the specific conditions and catalysts present. Generally, the process involves the conversion of ammonia to nitrogen and water, with the simultaneous formation of nitrogen oxides. The temperature at which this occurs is critical, as it determines the rate and efficiency of the reaction.In some cases, catalysts are used to lower thetemperature required for NH3 oxidation, making the process more energy-efficient. These catalysts can also influence the selectivity of the reaction, favoring the formation of specific nitrogen oxides over others.Overall, the temperature at which NH3 oxidizes to form NOx is a key factor in the design and operation of systems aimed at reducing nitrogen oxide emissions.中文回答：NH3氧化成NOx的温度通常在800-900°C的范围内。

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[3]
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3.2The effect of the NH3/NO ratio
First, is about the effect of the ratio of NH3/NO. In this part, compositions of feed mixture used in the CHEMKIN.pro simulations are listed as follows. We can see that there is only a change of NSR, which ranges from 0.75 to 1.5. Other parameters we have set are here. The Reactor length is 40 centimeter, the Reactor diameter is 3 millimeter, Residence time is 0.8 second, and the Pressure is 1atm. Then, by changing the temperature of the reactor, we can obtain the relationship between the temperature and the NO concentration in the outlet of the reactor.
[2]
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Among the various kinds of formation of the NOx, there are 3 kinds of SNCR Processes. The most common is ammonia, which is involved in the Thermal DeNOx process. Other compounds that can be used are cyanuric acid and urea. The former is used in the RAPRENOx process while the latter in the NOxOUT one. FOR the reaction requires a sufficient reaction time within a certain temperature range to be effective, typically 760 to 1,090℃. At lower temperatures, the N that has not reacted is called ammonia slip and is undesirable, as the ammonia can react with other combustion species, such as SO3, to form ammonium salts. While, at temperatures above 1093℃ ammonia decomposes, In that case, NO is created instead of removed. All the simulations discussed in the following have been performed using the PFR Model of CHEMKIN. And this is the detailed kinetic model for NOxOUT process.
3. The calculation of CHEMKIN for the temperature window 3.1 Basic mechanisms of SNCR
The range of temperature in which the reaction takes place causing a net reduction of NO is termed as the temperature window. This is a narrow interval because below 800℃ the reaction is too slow to give any reduction and most of the injected NH3 remains un-reacted. At higher temperatures (greater than 1200℃) NH3 tends to oxidize to form NO rather than to reduce it. The range over which any significant NOx removal rates can be achieved varies from one system to the other depending on the system parameters such as flue gas constituents, flue gas velocity gradients and system geometry which influences the mixing between the reagent and the flue gas. Table 1 also shows the temperature ranges and peak optimum temperatures reported in the literature for various systems
3-1 The effect of the NH3/NO ratio on temperature window We defined the denigrations efficiency like this. η is equal to the percentage dividing the difference of NO concentration between the inlet and the outlet by the NO concentration in the inlet. Reactor length: 40cm; Reactor diameter: 3mm; Pressure: 1atm; NH3/NO ratio: 1.00 As is denitration in the chart, the maximum denitration efficiency increases with the increase of the NH3/NO ratio. The temperature range where the denitration efficiency is larger than 50% is defined as the temperature window in our simulation. A smaller NH3/NO ratio narrow the range of the temperature window. It shows that the optimum denitration temperature decreases with the increase of the NH3/NO ratio.
题目
The temperature window of the ammonia SNCR reaction process calculated by
CHEMKIN
课程姓名年级所在院系
低污染燃烧理论与技术李源周明熙常威易思阳宋亚超研一
能源工程学系
2014-01-10
The temperature window of the ammonia SNCR reaction process calculated by CHEMKIN
1. Introduction
Controlling nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions is becoming a daunting technical challenge as increasingly strict emission limits are being imposed. The stringent regulations have prompted the innovation and characterization of NOx control technologies suitable for various applications. This paper presents a solution in which CHEMKIN is introduced to calculate the temperature window of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology. This includes initially how SNCR emerged as a technology along with a comparison with other relevant technologies. A review of various features related to selective non-catalytic gas phase injection of ammonia and ammonium salts (as reducing agent) is presented. The use of CHEMKIN solution as a reducing agent and its performance in laboratory and pilot scale tests as well as large-scale applications is also discussed. Use of cyanuric acid as a potential reducing agent is also presented. The underlying reaction mechanisms have been reviewed for ammonia, urea and cyanuric acid for the explanation of various observations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling as applied to SNCR is also presented. Subsequently the use of SNCR coupled with other in-combustion and post-combustion NOx control techniques is elaborated. Additionally, a two-stage NOx removal strategy to control un-reacted ammonia slip and to improve overall efficiency is discussed [1].