2019年专业四级考试英语听力文本素材3

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2019年6月份英语四级考试真题带答案听力原文

四级考试真题（附带答案解析及听力原文）考试时间安排：一般在6月18日和12月17日左右大学英语四级考试流程8：50---9：00试音时间9：00---9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册（但9：40才允许开始做）9：40---9：55做快速阅读9：55---10：00收答题卡一（即作文和快速阅读）9：55---10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音听力结束后完成剩余考项。

11：20全部考试结束。

Part ⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象2.出现这一现象的原因3.我对这一现象的看法和建议On Excessive PackagingPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C）and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Small Schools RisingThis year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing.Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to theBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) “Hillsjail. ” Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduate?”So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses,” romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory”classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents,so they are deeply invested in the students’ success.“We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,”says Gilbert “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation.“It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’ in the nation, ”their letter read. in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students’ overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’t be necessary.注意：此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.1． Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________.A) ensuring no child is left behindB) increasing economic efficiencyC) improving students’ performance on SATD)providing good education for baby boomers2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?A)Teachers’ workload increased.B)Students’ performance declined.C)Administration became centralized.D)Students focused more on test scores.3.What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation?A)They are usually magnet schools.B)They are often located in poor neighborhoods.C)They are popular with high-achieving students.D)They are mostly small in size.4.What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?A)Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.B)A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.C)Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.D)Students have to meet higher academic standards.5.Newsweek ranked high schools according to .A)their students’ academic achievementB)the number of their students admitted to collegeC)the size and number of their graduating classesD)their college-level test participation6.What can we learn about Hillsdale’s students in the late 1990s?A)They were made to study hard like prisoners.B)They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.C)Most of them did not have any sense of discipline,D)Their school performance was getting worse.7.According to Jeff Gilbert, the “advisory” classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could .A)tell their teachers what they did on weekendsB)experience a great deal of pleasure in learningC)maintain closer relationships with their teachersD)tackle the demanding biology and physics courses8. is still considered a strength of Newsweek’s school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.9.According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use .10.To better serve the children and our nation, schools students totake .Part ⅢListening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections: in this section you will hear 8 short conversations, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)、B）、C）and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。

英语2019专四作文

英语2019专四作文Sure, I can help you craft an essay in response to the 2019 English CET-4 writing prompt without directly referencing it. Here's a sample essay:Title: The Importance of Cross-Cultural Communicationin the Globalized World。

In today's interconnected world, effective cross-cultural communication has become increasingly vital. As globalization continues to break down barriers between nations, the ability to understand and navigate cultural differences has become essential in various aspects of life, including business, education, and diplomacy.First and foremost, successful cross-cultural communication is crucial in the business world. With companies operating on a global scale, employees often collaborate with colleagues, clients, and partners from diverse cultural backgrounds. Misunderstandings arisingfrom cultural differences can lead to communication breakdowns, conflicts, and ultimately hinder business success. Therefore, professionals who possess cross-cultural communication skills are highly sought after in the modern workplace. They can bridge cultural gaps, foster mutual understanding, and facilitate smooth cooperation, thus contributing to the overall efficiency andprofitability of the organization.Moreover, cross-cultural communication plays a pivotal role in the field of education. As international student exchange programs become increasingly common, students from different cultural backgrounds interact and learn together in academic settings. By understanding and respecting each other's cultural norms, values, and communication styles, students can enrich their learning experience and develop a global perspective. Furthermore, educators who are adept at cross-cultural communication can create inclusive and supportive learning environments where students from diverse backgrounds feel valued and respected, thus promoting academic excellence and intercultural harmony.Additionally, effective cross-cultural communication is essential in diplomatic relations between nations.Diplomats and government officials engage in negotiations, treaties, and other diplomatic activities that involve interactions with counterparts from various countries. By possessing cross-cultural communication skills, diplomats can navigate cultural sensitivities, build trust, andfoster positive relationships with foreign counterparts. This, in turn, enhances diplomatic cooperation, resolves conflicts peacefully, and promotes international stability and prosperity.In conclusion, in an era of globalization, the abilityto communicate effectively across cultures is indispensable. Whether in business, education, or diplomacy, individuals who possess cross-cultural communication skills are better equipped to succeed in an increasingly interconnected world. Therefore, it is imperative for individuals and organizations alike to recognize the importance of cross-cultural communication and invest in developing theseskills to thrive in today's globalized society.。

2019英语专业四级听力

2019英语专业四级听力英文回答：Listening Comprehension.Passage 1。

This passage is about the history of the English language. The English language has a long and complex history, dating back to the 5th century AD. It is a West Germanic language that originated from the dialects spoken by the Anglo-Saxon tribes who inhabited the British Isles. Over time, the language has been influenced by a variety of factors, including the Norman Conquest in 1066, which brought French words into the language, and the Industrial Revolution, which saw the rise of new technical and scientific terms. Today, English is a global language, spoken by an estimated 1.5 billion people around the world.Passage 2。

This passage is about the different dialects of English spoken around the world. There are many different dialectsof English spoken around the world, each with its ownunique features. Some of the most well-known dialectsinclude Standard American English, British English, Australian English, and Indian English. However, there are also many other dialects spoken in countries such as Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and Nigeria. The differences between these dialects can be quite significant, ranging from differences in pronunciation and vocabulary to differences in grammar and syntax.Passage 3。

2019年大学英语四级考试听力真题及听力原文(全三套答案)

大学英语四级考试听力真题及听力原文第一套Part III Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. Atthe end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was sa id.Boththe conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each questio n there will be apause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B), C)and D),and decidewhich is the best answer,Then mark the corresponding letter on A nswer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

11.A) The woman is the manager's secretary.B) The manfound himself in a wrong place.C) The manis the manager's business associate.D) The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.12.A) He needs more time for the report.B) He needs help to interpret the data.C) He is sorry not to have helped the woman.D) He does not have sufficient data to go on.13.A) A friend from New York.B) A message from Tony.C) A postal delivery.D) A changein the weather.14.A) She is not available until the end of next week.B) She is not a reliable source of information.C) She does not like taking exams.D) She does not like psychology.15.A) He will help the woman carry the suitcase.B) The woman'swatch is twenty minutes fast.C) The woman shouldn't make such a big fuss.D) There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.16.A) Mary isnot so easygoing as her.B) Mary and she have a lot in common.C) She finds it hard to get along with Mary.D) She does not believe what her neighbors said.17.A) At an information service.B) At a car wash point.C) At a repair shop.D) At a dry cleaner's.18.A) The woman came to the concert at the man's request.B) The manis already fed up with playing the piano.C) The piece of music the man played is very popular.D) The man's unique talents are the envy of many people.Questions 19 to 22 are based on theconversation you have just heard.19.A) He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.B) He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.C) He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.D) He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.20.A) He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.B) He iseager to find a job with an increased salary.C) He likes to work in a company close to home.D) He would rather get a less demanding job.21.A) Sports.B) Travel.C) Foreign languages.D)Computer games22.A) When he is supposed to start work.B) What responsibilities he would have.C) When he will be informed about his application.D) What career opportunities her company can offer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on theconversation you have just heard.23.A) She is pregnant.B) She is over 50.C) She has just finished her project.D) She is a good saleswoman.24.A) Hetakes good care of Lisa.B) He isthe CEO of a giant company.C) He is good at business management.D) He works as a sales manager.25.A) It is in urgent need of further development.B) It produces goods popular among local people.C) It has been losing market share in recent years.D) It is well positioned to compete with the giants.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, youwill hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choice s marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 wit h a single line through thecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2019年6月英语4级听力原文

2019年6月英语4级听力原文英文回答：Section 1。

The passage describes a study conducted by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, which examined the effects of mindfulness meditation on the brain. The study found that mindfulness meditation can improve attention and focus, reduce stress and anxiety, and promote emotional regulation.Section 2。

The passage discusses the benefits of mindfulness meditation for students. Mindfulness meditation can help students improve their academic performance by reducing stress, improving focus, and promoting self-regulation. The passage also provides tips for students on how to incorporate mindfulness meditation into their dailyroutines.Section 3。

The passage describes a study conducted by researchersat the University of Oxford, which examined the effects of mindfulness meditation on compassion and empathy. The study found that mindfulness meditation can increase compassion and empathy towards others, both in the short-term and the long-term.Section 4。

2019年专四听力

2019年专四听力2019年专四听力部分分为短对话和长对话两部分，主要考察考生的听力理解和应对能力。

以下是对部分短对话和长对话的参考内容和解析。

短对话一般包括两个人之间的简短对话，涉及各种生活场景和社交场景。

考生需要从对话中获取关键信息，理解对话的目的和主题，并根据问题选择正确的答案。

短对话参考内容之一：A: Have you seen my keys anywhere?B: Did you check the kitchen? You always leave them there.A: Yes, I did. They're not there.参考解析：这是一段简短的对话，讨论了一个人丢失了自己的钥匙。

首先，A问B是否见过他的钥匙，B建议他去厨房看看，因为他经常把钥匙放在那里。

A回答说，他已经去检查过了，钥匙不在那里。

根据对话的内容，问题是：“Where does A usually leavehis keys?”，正确答案应该是C：“In the kitchen.”（答案不以链接形式给出）长对话一般是两个人之间的较长对话，包括更多的细节和情境。

考生需要理解对话的主题和目的，并根据问题选择正确的答案。

长对话涉及的话题多样，如旅行、工作、学习等。

长对话参考内容之一：M: I heard you're going to study abroad next year. Is that true?W: Yes, it is. I'm planning to study in the UK for two years.M: That's great! Which university are you going to?W: I have been accepted by Oxford University, so I'll go there.参考解析：这是一段关于学生准备出国留学的对话。

2019年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2019年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE 4. CLOZE 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITINGPART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.听力原文：SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / because of a number of drawbacks. / They go out of date quickly / and become tiresome if used too much. / And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others. / In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.1．Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more. Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided. Now, listen to the passage. SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful.______ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ _____正确答案：SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / because of a number of drawbacks. / They go out of date quickly / and become tiresome if used too much. / And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others. / In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.解析：由标题和首句可知，短文围绕语言中的“俚语”这一主题展开。

2019专四口语考试文本

Once there was a little boy who was hungry for success in sports. To him, winning was everything and success was measured by results.One day, the boy took part in a race in his village, and his competitors were two other young boys. A large crowd gathered to watch this sporting spectacle, and a wise old man upon on hearing about the boy, also came from afar to watch.Unsurprisingly the boy was the winner. The crowd cheered and waved at him. The little boy felt proud and important. The wise man, however, remained still and calm, showing no excitement.“Another race, another race!” pleaded the little boy, hoping to impress the wise man.The wise old man stepped forward and presented the little boy with two new competitors, a frail granny and a blind man. This time the boy was the only one who finished the race, the other two being left standing at the starting line. The boy raised his arms in delight. The crowd, however, was silent, with no cheering at all.“What happened? Why is no one cheering my success?” he asked the wise old man.“Race again,” replied the wise man. “This time, finish together, all three of you. Finish together.”The little boy stood between the blind man and the frail granny and took them by the arm. The race began and the little boy walked slowly, so the other two could also move together toward the finishing line. They crossed it at the same time.Now the crowd cheered like a thunderstorm. The wise man smiled, gently nodding his head.The little boy felt puzzled.“I don’t understand, grandpa!” asked the little boy. “Who is the crowd cheering for? Which one of us three won?The wise old man looked into the boy’s eyes and replied softly. “Remember, little boy, for this race you have won much more than in any other race you ran before, and for this race, the crowd is cheering not for any winner!”(356 words)。

2019年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2019大学英语四级考试听力精讲(3)

2019大学英语四级考试听力精讲(3)场景词汇饭店：menu, order, waitress, waiter, take order, go Dutch, It‘s my treat 等;旅馆：check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk 等;医院：physician, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, visiting hours, prescribe, pill 等;银行：open an account, withdraw, deposit, saving, cash a check 等;飞机 / 机场：flight, safety-belt, boarding card, captain, airhostess, airline, take off, land, crash 等。

Tips：长对话：答案常在原文中;对话的开头和问答部分是出题点。

短对话：听到什么不选什么。

长对话反之。

重点题型1)地点根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。

地点题一般有以下几种：(1)根据信息词设题(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题有时对话中提到的地点不只一个，这时，一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。

这种情况下，同学们不必考虑信息词问题，只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。

2) 职业、身份根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是四级听力测试中一常见题型。

该题型的题项设计有两种：(1)说话者自身的身份或职业 (2)说话双方之间的关系3)计算题计算题在四六级英语听力中属于比较难的题型，要求同学们不但能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念，还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来实行加减运算。

4)言外之意、弦外之音推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。

2019年英语专业四级听力情景素材3

2019年英语专业四级听力情景素材3
The groom knew immediately that something was wrong when the registrar at Derry’s Guildhall unexpectedly claimed that
there was unfinished paperwork just before the ceremony began. He and his fiancee were led into an adjoining room and
arrested by detectives. They were taken to a nearby police station, locked in separate cells and dressed in paper
forensic overalls. Although the police have apologised,
that’s not enough for Mr McElwee. The couple were married 24 hours later, but say the magic had already been taken out of their big day.
当时，在婚礼仪式开始之前，市政厅的登记员意外地宣布还有一些文
件没有完成，新郎立即意识到出现了一些误会。

他和他的新娘被带到
隔壁的房间，然后被探员逮捕，随后被带到附近的警察局，分别关在
不同的牢房里，被迫穿上囚服。

即使警察已经道歉，不过，这对McElwee来说是不够的。

这对夫妇在24小时候之后完婚，但是他们大
喜日子的魅力已经荡然无存。

2019年6月英语四级听力真题长对话原文

2019年6月英语四级听力真题长对话原文Long conversation 1W：Hi, Emma speaking, who’s this?M：Hi, Emma, I am Paul from Emingl’s delivery service. Here is a package for you. Are you at home to collect it?W： Er, sorry, Paul, I am out at the moment. Can you put it in my mail box?M：I am afraid I can’t do that, the package is too big and it needs a signature to confirm you have received it. So I have to deliver it at the time when you are in.W：Okay, well, I am out all day today. But I should bein tomorrow morning before I go out for lunch. And then Iwill be at home again late in the afternoon. Will either of those times be convenient for you?M：They are not, unfortunately, I won’t be in the are a tomorrow as I have other deliveries to make at the other side of the town. I could come the day after if that suits you.W： Okay, that should be fine. I have a friend coming around in the afternoon, but I will be at home, so the day after tomorrow will be great. Do I need to pay for the package?M：No, you don’t. It says here you’ve already paidfor it when you ordered it online.W： Oh, Yes, I did, I got mixed up,M：so you just need to sign the form to say you’ve received it.W： Okay, great, see you the day after tomorrow then.M： Yes, see you thenQ8：Why is the man making the phone call?由第一轮对话可知Hi, Emma, I am Paul from Emingl’s delivery service. Here is a package for you.男士打电话是要女士接收快递。

2019年英语专业四级听力训练：圣人之路始于科索沃小教堂

2019年英语专业四级听力训练：圣人之路始于科索沃小教堂To the world, Mother Teresa came to be known as the mother of the poor and the needy,a symbol of a life of service to mankind.She began her charity work in India,where she was sent in 1929 by her religious congregation, the LoretoSisters of Dublin.But she embraced her calling in the small Kosovo village of Letnica.Then a young woman of 18, she lived in Kosovo, where her family had resettled from her native Macedonia.对整个世界来说，特蕾莎修女开始为人所熟知，是以自己困苦穷乏之人母亲的身份，她一生致力于服务人类，她就是这种人生的象征。

特蕾莎修女的慈善工作从印度起航，1929年，她被送到这里，送她来的正是她所在的修会——都柏林洛雷托姐妹。

不过，她是在科索沃的小莱特尼察村接受了天主的召唤。

于是，作为一个18岁的年轻姑娘，她在科索沃定了居，她的家庭也从马其顿搬了过来。

A devout Catholic from an early age,she would later reveal that it was in the Church of the Blessed Lady of Letnica that she decided to adopt a life of religious devotion.从很小的时候开始，特蕾莎就已经是一名虔诚的天主教徒了，后来她透露说，就是在莱特尼察的Blessed Lady教堂她决定选择一种虔诚奉献的生活方式。

专业英语四级真题2019年

专业英语四级真题2019年PART Ⅰ DICTATION1、Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more. Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.SlangWe often use slang expressions when we talk, because they are so vivid and colorful.PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.Revision of Essay DraftsThe initial revision should focus on the essay as a whole.The first step: 2●the rough draft—containing too little or too much material—discussing things unrelated to 3●how to revise—provide 4 to convince your readers—eliminate unrelated materialThe second step: revise for organization●group similar ideas in the proper order●produce an outline from the draft to Check 5The third step: revise for length●mind the stated length●stick to 6Revise for 7 of the essay● 8 by breaking up some longer sentences●use short sentences to make important points●use long sentences to 9●eliminate 10 expressions●use fresh and interesting descriptions●write with 11 as much as possible●write in the active voiceSECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of eachconversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.CONVERSATION ONEQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.12、 A. Writer. B. Wells. C. Writer Wells. D. Susan Writer Wells.13、 A. She was a career woman. B. She was then a feminist.C. She didn't like her maiden name.D. She took her husband's surname.14、 A. She named herself after her profession. B. She named herself after her home town.C. She named herself after a day of the week.D. She named herself after the sculptor.15、 A. It gives women greater equality. B. It is a good solution to an old problem.C. The problem troubling feminists still remains.D. The surname problem has partly been solved.16、 A. History of surnames in America.B. Feminist movement in the 1960s.C. Traditional surnames in Europe.D. Reasons for inventing surnames.CONVERSATION TWOQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.17、 A. A reporter from a weekly program. B. An executive director froma company.C. A guest on a weekly program.D. A magazine editor from San Diego.18、 A. To let your boss know that you want a pay rise. B. To prepare a list of things that you have done.C. To let everybody know your achievement.D. To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.19、 A. Because others may lose trust in you. B. Because it is unprofessional to do so.C. Because you will be given more work to do.D. Because the boss has the data on your work.20、 A. We could earn praise from our boss. B. We may forget the good things we've done.C. Things change quickly in work situations.D. The boss will review our performance data.21、 A. Websites. B. Radio programs.C. Research reports.D. Government documents.PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question.22、 Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than ______.A. do other types of writingB. other types of writingC. on other types of writingD. will other types of writing23、 ______ the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A. If it not had been forB. If had it not been forC. Had it not been forD. Had not it been for24、 Members of the Parliament were poised ______ ahead with a bill to approve construction of the oil pipeline.A. to moveB. movingC. to movingD. at moving25、 Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions that otherwise ______ abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A. may remainB. could remainC. must have remainedD. might have remained26、 Protocol was ______ enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. that27、 The woman had persuaded him to do ______ he was hired never to do—reveal the combination for the lock on the entrance.A. one thingB. such one thingC. any one thingD. the one thing28、 The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ______ he choose to be.A. mightB. couldC. shouldD. must29、 "If not us, who? If not now, when?" These two questions are used as a ______.A. sign of angerB. call for actionC. refusal of changeD. denial of commitment30、 What is the function of the present progressive in "They are always calling me by the wrong name"?A. To express unfavorable feelings.B. To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C. To indicate uncertainty.D. To dramatize a fact.31、 "Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach." The relative clause in the sentence serves to ______.A. supply additional information about LondonB. describe the antecedent "London"C. narrate a sequential action taken by HarryD. put restrictions on the identity of Harry32、 A group ______ casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A. opposed toB. objected toC. posed againstD. protested against33、 After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical ______ understand each other's behavior and cultures.A. membersB. personsC. personnelD. faculty34、 The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many ______ feelings and so much misunderstanding in internationalcommunication.A. injuriousB. injuredC. injuringD. injury35、 To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the Constitution does not give you the right to falsely ______ "Fire!" in a crowded theater.A. yelpB. yankC. yellD. yield36、 The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is ______ to any environment.A. adoptableB. amendableC. alterableD. adaptable37、 Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has no second ______ about how he went about his business.A. thoughtsB. opinionsC. concernsD. reasons38、 Electronic cigarettes should be subject ______ the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tobacco products.A. aboutB. atC. toD. on39、 FC Barcelona, ______ the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA Champions League title.A. controversiallyB. arguablyC. debatablyD. finally40、 The store sells liquid vitamins ______ designed for children under 3.A. explicitlyB. speciallyC. speculativelyD. specifically41、 The three law ______ officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly trying to kill herself.A. impositionB. coercionC. enforcementD. reinforcement PART Ⅳ CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Marie the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. daydreamB. disagreementC. factuallyD. ifE. inevitableF. inseparableG. laysH. makingI. perspectiveJ. residesK. thatL. thinkingM. thoughtfullyN. ultimatelyO. wakeTo some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church's power in Europeor 42 television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the 43 result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This 44 accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change; technology's influence is 45 determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This 46 about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the 47 of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be of our 48 , and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power 49 in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and 50 to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, "Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have a thought or 51 , to imagine something wonderful."PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE52Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job "you have to be like a wolf in the forest—able to smell out the best meat." And if you can't find work, don't expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.53That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.54Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.55The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make thehunt for a new job less urgent.56None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This "smooths" the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.PASSAGE TWO52There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.53It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I'd begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall's concourse as a river of humanity.54The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.55The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.56Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who'd passed away the previous Christmas. 62As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.63We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she'd enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.64I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman's turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she'd displayed earlier.65As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.66"Is that your morn?" I asked.67I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, "Yeah." There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.68Still watching the mother, I said, "Mind some advice?"69"Sure," said the daughter.70I smiled to show her I wasn't criticizing. "Cherish her," I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, "When she's gone, it's the little moments that'll come back to you. Moments like this. I know."71It was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I'd used my impatience to make her life miserable.72The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter's custody. Together they made their way toward the store's exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother's shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.PASSAGE THREE52Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed "literary fiction", it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people's emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or "popular" fiction, the mystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.53Experts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives. 54"Reading literary fiction isn't just for passing the time It's not just an escape" said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. "It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily lives."55Oatley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people's empathy for others. His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.56But, the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy—empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some "cause-and-effect" evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as "Reading the Mind in the Eyes". People have to look at photos of actors' eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.62It was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, "It's not like taking people from a (grade) 'C' to an 'A'," he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes' reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it's unlikely to have been due to chance.63"Literary" fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included "The Round House", by Louise Erdrich, "Salvage the Bones", by Jesmyn Ward and the short story "Corrie" by Alice Munro. And "popular" fiction included best-sellers like "Gone Girl" by Gillian Flynn, and Danielle Steel's "The Sins of the Mother".64What's so special about literary fiction? "For one, it's usually more focused on characters than on plot," Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said, there is usually no single "authoritative narrator" who takes us through the story. "It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in thegaps. You really have to think about the characters," Kidd said.65Oatley agreed. "Alice Munro doesn't tell you what to think," he said. "You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that's often what we're doing in our real-life conversations." Or at least that's what people could do.66Reading literary fiction could also offer a way to "practice" your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher not involved in the study. "It's like how pilots train in a flight simulator," said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley. "This is a great study," Mar said of the new study. But he added that the overall research in this area is "still in its infancy" and one key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.67Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study, Mar's study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it's possible that there is something else about romance-novel readers that makes them more understanding of others.68Still, according to Mar, it's too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at least if the goal is boosting empathy. 69It's also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd. But reading may be special, he said, because it provides no Visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.70Everyone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. "There's a common belief that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical," Mar said. "But there's a growing body of evidence that it's important in skills that we need in our lives."52、 Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals' life mainly because of ______. (PASSAGE ONE.A. inadequate skills of immigrantsB. imperfect labor marketsC. low wages for localsD. the design of the welfare system53、 Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California? (PASSAGE ONE. ______A. People who have legal status.B. People who run businesses.C. People who receive state benefits.D. People who are willing to earn less.54、 It can be inferred from the passage that the author's attitude is ______ towards immigration. (PASSAGE ONE.A. cautiously favorableB. slightly negativeC. strongly negativeD. quite ambiguous55、 What does "she had a job to do" (Para.1) mean according to the context? (PASSAGE TWO) ______A. She had a regular job in the store.B. She wanted to ask for help.C. She wanted to buy a DVD.D. She was thinking of what to buy.56、 What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant? (PASSAGE TWO) ______A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.57、 In the passage the elderly woman's daughter is described as being ______. (PASSAGE TWO)A. impoliteB. uncaringC. naiveD. miserly58、 While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ______. (PASSAGE TWO)A. hesitantB. indifferentC. frustratedD. patient59、 According to the new study, what kinds of books are likely to help people better understand others' feelings? (PASSAGE THREE. ______A. Science fiction.B. Romance novels.C. Literary fiction.D. Nonfiction.60、 Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage? (PASSAGE THREE. ______A. Oatley and his colleagues were involved in the new study.B. Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.C. Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.D. Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.61、 Which of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction? (PASSAGE THREE. ______A. Presence of an authoritative narrator.B. More focus on character description.C. Demand on readers' ability to infer.D. Presence of readers' empathetic feelings.62、 SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.What does the statement "..., don't expect the taxpayer to bail you out." mean? (PASSAGE ONE.63、 Why did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it for her? (PASSAGE TWO)64、 What does the last sentence in Para. 16 imply about the daughter's attitude towards her mother? (PASSAGE TWO)65、 What are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage? (PASSAGE THREE.66、 Why is reading special when compared with plays and movies? (PASSAGE THREE.PART Ⅵ WRITING67、Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:1)summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2)comment on Brewer's view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructionsconcept of "digital nutrition", likens mediadiets to what's on our plates: rather than counting calories(or screen time), think about what you'reeating."It's not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods, but also your relationshipto technology and the role it plays in your family life," saysBrewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parentsand kids are playing, watching orbrowsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by theOxford Internet Institute and CardiffUniversity determined that there was no correlation betweenlimiting device use and children's well-being.The study's lead author Dr Andrew Pryzbylski said: "Our findingssuggest the broader family context,how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they'reactively engaged in exploring the digitalworld together, are more important than the raw screen time.""The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful—and reasonable restrictionsvary greatly, depending on a child's behavior and personality.There is little point in worrying about howmany minutes a day your kids are spending with screens," saysBrewer. "Instead, parents should bedoing what they can to ensure that what they're watching, playingand reading is high-quality, age-appropriateand safe—and joining in wherever possible."答案:PART Ⅰ DICTATION1、[听力原文]SlangWe often use slang expressions when we talk, because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place in formal writing/because of a number of drawbacks. /They go out of date quickly/and become tiresome if used too much. /And they may communicate clearly to some readers, but not to others. /In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing./[解析] 听写话题与俚语相关：俚语丰富多彩、鲜活生动，人们经常使用，但是不适合正式的写作，且容易过时，不是所有人都能听懂俚语。

2019年6月四级考试真题(第三套)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 w ords.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)说明：2019年6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。

本套的听力内容和第二套完全一样，只是选项顺序不同而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs (暗礁) perfect for scuba diving (水肺式潜水) and preserving marine 26 . Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldn’t normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was 27 of everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane 28 the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new underwater attraction will bring tourists to the area.The plane 29 a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers will 30 be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane’s 31 . Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company forH) innovateO) victimG) habitats N) territory F) exterior M) stripped E) exploring L) stretches D) experiences K) revealing C) eventually J) investment B) depressed I) intentionally A) createthroughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the 33 of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest 34 sunk aircraft ever.Taking a trip underwater and 35 the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba d iver’s paradise (天堂).Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You’re At It[A] We’ve always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America’s founding fathers, didn’t just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.[B] Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn’t really an exception when it comes[C]The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members—including guys named Jobs and Wozniak—started making and inventing things they couldn’t buy.[D]So it’s no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ord inary people who aren’t tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.[E]These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey’s phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn’t look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It’s a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you’re learning to do.[F]Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It’s not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It’s very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn’t really fit that mold anymore. It’s not the world of textbooks. It’s not the world of t esting.[G]Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity withalso a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it’s assigned by a teacher. We’ll all get th e kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project-based learning.[H]I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head—or you just borrow it from someone—and begin to develop it, repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. I’m interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.[I]In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize（使变得无足轻重）making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the cardboard tubes.[J]Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it’s boring. It doesn’t have the motivation of the student. I’m not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It’s to let them be in control and to drive the car.[K]Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn’t the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.[L]The teacher’s r ole is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a diminished role for teachers. I think it’s a heightened role. You’re creating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it’s the human behaviors you’re looking at. Are theythey don’t have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?[M]My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enables us to be good learners. It’s not the knowledge that is valuable; it’s the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems—problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.[N]If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, “This is science, over here is history,” I see schools taking this idea of projects and looki ng at: How do they support children in higher level learning?[O]I feel like this is a shift away from a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It’s still in its early stages, but I think it’s shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.36. A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.37.The teachers’ role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process.ing up with an idea of on e’s own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making.39.Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.40.America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.41.Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge.42.Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.43.The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.44.The maker concept is a modem version of some ancient philosophical ideas.45.Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time to unlearn that training—this summer, a group of culture addicts, artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor’s Island.The project is called Writing On It All, and it’s a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor’s Island every summer since 2013.kind of happen to be there,” Alexandra Chasin, artistic director of Writing On It All, tells .The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers. Each session has a theme, and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile.Governor’s Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. Now known as “New York’s shared space for art and play,” the island, which lies betwee n Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay, is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flock for festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these “legal graffiti (涂鸦)” sessions.The notes and art scribbles (涂画) on the walls are an experiment in self-expression. So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85. Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her.“One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls,” says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of those killed because of it. “People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages.”46.What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do?A)Unlearn their training in drawing. C) Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti.B)Participate in a state graffiti show. D) Exhibit their artistic creations in an old house.47.What do we learn about the participants in the project?A)They are just culture addicts. C) They are writers and artists.B)They are graffiti enthusiasts. D) They are mostly passers-by.48.What did the project participants do during the 2016 season?A)They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind.C)They learned the techniques of collaborative writing.D)They were required to cooperate with other creators.49.What kind of place is Governor’s Island?A)It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists.B)It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles.C)It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles.D)It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round.50.What does Chasin say about the project?A)It just focused on the sufferings of black females.B)It helped expand the influence of graffiti art.C)It has started the career of many creative artists.D)It has created some meaningful artistic works.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound sufficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive (认知的) behavioral therapy (CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has accessA team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized (随机的) control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants (抗抑郁药).After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors.“It’s an important, cautionary note that we shouldn’t get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can r eplace doctors and therapists,” says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. “We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed.”Being depressed can mean feel ing “lost in your own small, negative, dark world,” Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation. “When you’re emotionally vulnerable, you’re even more in need of a caring human being,” he says.51.What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?A)Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.B)Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.C)They can save patients trouble visiting physicians.D)They have been well received by a lot of patients.52.What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?A)Their effectiveness in combating depression.B)The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.C)Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.D)The recommendation by primary care doctors.A)Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from physicians.B)The process of treating depression is often more complicated than anticipated.C)The combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is most effective.D)Depression is a mental condition which is to be treated with extreme caution.54.What is Professor Dowrick’s advice concerning online CBT programs?A)They should not be neglected in primary care.B)Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.C)They should be used by strictly following instructions.D)Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists.55.What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?A)A positive state of mind. C) Timely encouragement.B)Appropriate medication. D) Human intervention.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。

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2019年专业四级考试英语听力文本素材3
BBC World News with Steve Titherington
The media tycoon Rupert Murdoch has made a personal apology to the family of a murdered British schoolgirl, Milly Dowler, whose phone was allegedly hacked by one of his newspapers. News International said Mr Murdoch would also apologise for what he called "serious wrongdoings" in advertisements to be placed in British newspapers on Saturday. Mr Murdoch met the Dowler family at a London hotel. When he came out, he was besieged by reporters.
传媒大亨默多克亲自向被谋杀的英国女孩米莉的家人道歉，她的电话曾被默多克旗下一家报纸窃听。

新闻国际表示，默多克还将在周六出版的英国报纸广告上为他们的“严重错误”公开道歉。

默多克在伦敦一家酒店与米莉的家人会面。

当他出来的时立即被记者包围。

"I want to say it was a totally private meeting."
“我想说，这是一个完全私人会面。

”
"Did you apologise to the Dowler family?"
“你有没有向Dowler的家人道歉呢?”
"Of course I did. Of course I did."
“当然有。

当然有。

”
"Can you tell us exactly what you said?"
“你能不能告诉我们,你们具体谈论了什么?”
"No, I’m not going any further. I just said that as founder of the company, I was appalled to find out what had happened."
“不，我不会进一步讲诉。

我只能说，作为该公司的创始人，对于所
发生的一切我感到非常震惊。

”
Earlier, one of his most senior executives, Rebekah Brooks, resigned as chief executive of News International. She’d
been under intense pressure over the phone-hacking scandal at the News of the World newspaper, which she edited until 2003.
此前，默多克的层管理人员，新闻国际首席执行官丽贝卡?布鲁克斯(Rebekah Brooks)宣布辞职。

因为世界新闻报的窃听丑闻，她受到了
巨大的压力。

在2003年之前，世界新闻报一直由她负责编辑。

The European Banking Authority says eight European banks are not strong enough to withstand further financial shocks. A
total of 90 banks were tested. Five banks in Spain, two in Greece and one in Austria did not pass the test. The
President of the European Union, Herman van Rompuy, has
called an emergency meeting next week of the 17 leaders of eurozone countries to discuss the financial situation of the eurozone as a whole and additional aid for Greece.
欧洲银行业管理局(European Banking Authority, 简称EBA)今天公布，共有八家欧洲银行不能承受进一步的金融冲击。

共有90家银行实
行了测试。

西班牙五家，希腊两家，奥地利一家银行未通过测试。

欧
盟总统范龙佩(Herman Van Rompuy)已经呼吁欧元区17个成员国首脑
于下周召开紧急会议，商讨欧元区的整体形势和对希腊的进一步援助。

The lower house of the Italian parliament has approved a tough austerity package, which was passed on Thursday by the Senate. The package includes tax measures and cuts of $68bn。