中考英语阅读理解测试1

Baekeland and Hartmann report that the "short sleepers" had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines. In general, these "short sleeps" appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear "normal" or "acceptable" to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the "short sleepers" did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the "short sleepers" were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).The "long sleepers" were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the "short sleepers."Many of the "long sleepers" were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.1.According to the report,__________________.A. many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB. many short sleepers are forced to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busywith their workC. long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD. many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood2.Many "short sleepers" are likely to hold the view that _______________________.A. sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB. sleep interferes with their sound judgmentC. sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD. sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles3.It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _______________________.A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB. often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC. do not know how to relax properlyD. are more unlikely to run into mental problems4.When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might______________.A. appear disturbedB. become energeticC. feel dissatisfiedD. be extremely depressed5.Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A. If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB. The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patients.C. Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep.D. Short sleepers would be better off with more test.As the sound of footsteps behind her grew louder, she quickened her pace. She didn’t want to turn around as the memory of that morning’s newspaper headline made her afraid of wha t she would see : “City Killer Claims Fourth Victim.” “Why did I stop for a few drinks in the bar after work?” she thought to herself. Now it was dark and the streets deserted. She was alone and a sitting duck.She felt as if she was walking in the rain. Her clothes were damp from nervous sweat and as each short hot breath hit the night air, it turned to steam, coating her glasses in a thin film so all she saw seemed covered in fog. The footsteps were closer now She needed to get off this street Her eyes began a useless search for an open store or lighted window Passing a small lane she looked through, a possible for escape route. But the lane was a dead - end and she laughed to herself at the irony.The sound of a car behind her turning onto the street interrupted her self - pity Escape was at hand. But as she was about to throw herself onto the road and shout for the calf to stop, the car’s headlights cast a shadow that paralyzed her with terror. It was the footsteps’ owner. The figure was huge and in its r aised arm it held what looked like a lead-pipe, no doubt the one that was about to claim victim number five.The shadow dissolved as the car passed by and disappeared into the distance. She felt a hand on her shoulder. It was all happening as if in slow – motion. She was waiting for her life to flash before her eyes like all those novels said it would – but it didn’t. The only thing she thought of was her dear husband. She recalled phoning him from work that very afternoon and joking about, of all things, the city killer. It was a night full of ironies. There was a voice talking to her now but she was lost in thoughts of her fate and didn’t respond. The hand then began turning her around. It was surprisingly gentle given what was about to come. She allowed it to guide her without resistance.She looked up. She recognized the face, but she didn’t know from where. Its mouth was still talking to her but she couldn’t understand. Then she remembered. The face belonged to the foreign looking man who had served her at the bar. She looked down to his hand and saw in it not a lead – pipe but a rolled up copy of a work report she had been correcting in the bar as she drank. His words suddenly started to register in her brain and she could her him. “Miss, Miss. Are you O K? You left this in the bar and it looked important so I thought I’d better give it to you.”1.The woman was feeling nervous because __________.A. she had left her report in the barB. there was a killer in the cityC. she was being followed by someoneD. the streets were dark and empty ”.2.The underlined expression “a sitting duck” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to_______A. an easy targetB. a frightened personC. a foolish animalD. a still position3.What is the correct order of events that happened to the woman on the day of the story?a.She went for a drink in a bar.b. She corrected the report.c. She heard loud footsteps.b.She read the newspaper. e. She called her husband. f. She felt a hand on her shoulder.A.d,c,a,e,b,fB. c,d,a,e,f,bC. d,a,b,e,c,fD. d,e,a,b,c,f3.Why did the woman laugh when she looked into the lane?A.She was excited because she thought it may be a way to escape.B. She felt bitter because she had no chance to escape.C. She was becoming more and more nervous.D. She realized that she was behaving foolishly.4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.It was raining when she left the bar.B. The woman had felt nervous about the city killer for days.C. The temperature was very low that evening.D. The woman was behaving unreasonably.It was a dark November day in 1895. In a laboratory at the royal University of Wurzburg, in western Germany, a 50-year-old physics professor, Wilhelm Roentgen, performed what looked like a type of magic. He placed a glass vacuum(真空) tube inside a black cardboard box and applied a high-voltage current（高压电流）. He suddenly noticed that, on a bench nearby, a piece of paper coated with a chemical substance began giving off an strange light. Over the following two weeks, Roentgen performed a series of experiments that proved the existence of a form ofelectro-magnetic(电磁的) radiation he called X-rays.His astonishing discovery has led to a deeper understanding of the physicalworld----in particular, to the field of medical diagnosis(诊断).X-rays are widely used in medicine to make radiographs or X-rays pictures of the bones and internal organs of the body to see whether diseases exist, such as broken bones or lung diseases.A radiograph is made by passing an X-rays beam thro ugh a patient’s body onto a piece of photographic film. The bones takes in more of the rays than do muscles or other organs, so the bones throw the sharpest shadows on the film.Improvements over the past century----from fluoroscopy(荧光透视法)to CT scans---- have made X-rays technology an invaluable tool of medicine.1. At the beginning of the passage, Prof. Wilhelm Roentgen was _______.A. performing an entertaining programB. playing magicC. doing some experimentsD. None of above2. When Prof. Roentgen placed a glass vacuum tube in a black box and applied a high-voltage current, he _______.A. saw a bench nearbyB. noticed a piece of paper on a nearby bench begin to burn slowlyC. noticed a piece of paper on a nearby bench begin to give out strange lightD. noticed a piece of paper was coated with a chemical substance3. The bones have clearer shadow on the photographic film than do muscles or other organs,because ______.A. the bones are harder than themB. the bones can help absorb more rays than themC. the bones can block more rays than themD. X-rays cannot pass through the boneMillions of people pass through the gates the gates of Disney’s entertainment park in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these places an almost universal attraction? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney parks? Well, one reason is the way they’re treated once they get there. The people at Disney go out of their way to serve their “guests”, as they prefer to call them, and to see that they enjoy themselves.All new employees, from vice presidents to part-time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking “Traditions I”. Here, they learn about the company’s history, how it is manag ed and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how their part is important in making the park a success.After passing “Traditions I” , the employees go on to more specialized training for their specific(特定的) jobs. No detail is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires four eight-hour days of training. When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for such a simple, ordinary job, he replied, “What happens if someone wants to know where the restrooms are, when the parade starts or what bus to take back to the campgrounds? ... We need to know the answers or where to get them quickly. Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.”Even Disney’s managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hot dogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail(单轨车), and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the entertainment park come alive. The managers agree that this week helps them to see the company’s goals more clearly.All these efforts to serve the public well have made Walt Disney Productions famous.Disney is considered by many as the best mass service provider in America or the world. As one long-time business observer once said, “How Disney treats people, communicates with them, rewards them, is in my view the very reason for his fifty years of success ... I have watched, very carefully and with great respect and admiration, the theory and practice of selling satisfaction and serving millions of people on a daily basis, successfully. It is what Disney does best.”1. The first day they come to Disney parks, all new employees __________.A. begin by receiving on-the-job trainingB. must learn several jobsC. begin as ticket takersD. have already attended Disney University2. The main objective of the Disney employees is to _________.A. learn all parts of the businessB. see that their guests enjoy themselvesC. be able to answer all kinds of questionsD. keep their important guests happy3. Each year, managers wear special service clothes and work in the park to ______.A. set a good example for employeesB. remind themselves of their beginnings at DisneyC. gain a better view of the company’s objectivesD. replace employees on holiday4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Tourists learn the history of Disney in its entertainment parks.B. Disney attracts people almost from all over the world.C. Parades are regularly held in Disney’s entertainment parks.D. Disney’s managers are able to do almost all kinds of work in the Disn ey park.5. This passage is mainly about __________.A. how Disney employees are trainedB. the history and traditions of the Disney enterprisesC. why Disney enterprises make a lot of moneyD. the importance Disney places on serving people wellBird strikes are extremely rare in the airline industry, which has one of the best safety records of any mode of transport. However, birds are a known threat (威胁) at airports, particularly where runways are close to water, such as the airport in New York. Airports take a range of measures against bird strikes, which usually occur around take – off or landing, when a plane flies into a flock (鸟群) and sucks birds into its engines.They sometimes keep the grass long near runways, because flocks avoid areas that could c ontain dangerous animals. Staff also use “noise guns” to disperse flocks that settle on the site. Airports sometimes hire eagles, too. A professional pilots’ group said last night that the apparent disabling of two engines by the birds strike in New York w as a “terrible coincidence” and praised the bravery and skill of the pilot who landed in the Hudson River. “It is quite clear that the pilot got everything absolutelyright. Witness reports suggest that the plane hit a flock of birds, and I must have damaged both engines because if it had been one, he would have been able to continue.” “Engines are designed extremely well now and in general they are better able to cope with bird strikes,” said Martin Chalk, president of the European Pilot Association. “It i s an extremely rare occurrence. It would appear that worse has been avoided due to the skills and training of the crew.” A severe bird strike disabled a plane at Rome’s airport in November last year, when a Frankfurt to Rome jet carrying 166 passengers had to make an emergency landing. The airport is known to have problems with flocks of geese.In the UK, a plane had to make an emergency landing at Manchester airport in April 2007 after two herons where sucked into the engine of a passenger plane shortly after taking off for Rome. The low but unavoidable threat of bird strikes is one of the reasons why many people are opposing the proposed construction of a new international airport in swampland near London.According to a 2003 report, “the risks posed by bi rd strikes would be expected to be greater at sites near major areas of water.”1.What was the cause of the air accidents described in the passage?A.Damage to the plane’s engine.B. Loss of vision by the pilot due to birds.C. The runway being too close to the river.D. Failure of the airport to manage the bird problem. ”.2.The underlined word “They” (paragraph 2) refers to _________“A. PlanesB. AirportsC. BirdsD. Pilots3.Why are plane accidents caused by birds increasingly rare?A.There are fewer birds living around airports.B. Pilots and crew are trained to ignore bird strikes.C. Pilots know how to avoid brides when taking off.D. Plane engines are better designed than in the past.4.How many serious bird strike accidents are mentioned in passage?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 55.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.It is safer to build airports away from wetlands.B. Birds will continue to be a serious danger to plane travelers.C. Most accidents occur when planes are landing.D. The passengers were lucky to survive the crash.Barbie (巴比娃娃), believe it or not, is 50 this year and she’s still as popular as ever.A doll is a doll , but Barbie illustrates how, over the last five decades, women have become a standard for jud ging what freedom really means “How women are treated in different countries” and tells you a lot about the politics and culture of where they live.The doll that every little girl wants enables young children to test their possibilities in role playing, giving them a glimpse （一瞥) of what they might be when they grow up, whether to be childish or serious (or both). But in many countries that’s not an option. In Saudi Arabia, where woman can’t drive or go out publicly unless covered, Barbie isbanned.They think Barbie dolls are offensive to Islam (冒犯伊斯兰教) and a threat to morality（道德）. In America, she represents the rapidly changing roles of women. Barbie is fun to tease（取笑，戏弄）but she’s as American as miniskirts and pantsuits in her flexible identities and h er “growth” from model to astronaut. Barbie inspired a doll – revolution movement.When a Teen Talk Barbie was programmed electronically to say “Math class is tough”, she was criticized by a national women’s group and was regarded as a bad stereotype. Some of her critics also say she’s a bad influence because she’s too thin and encourages anorexia, that she has run through too many stereotypes, and that she lends too much significance to the fantasy stages of child’s play. In some Muslim countries, substitute（代替品）Barbie dolls have been developed that promote traditional values, with their modest clothing and pro – family backgrounds.They are widely seen as an effort to resist the American dolls that have flooded the market. Toy seller Masounmen Rahimi welcomed the dolls, saying Barbie was “foreign to Muslim culture” because some of the dolls have little clothing. She said young girls who play with Barbie, could grow into women who reject Muslim values. “I think every Barbie doll is more harmful than an American missile,” Ms Rahimi said.1.Barbie is forbidden in some Muslim countries because _____________________.A.she is more deadly than a missileB. toys are not allowed thereC. she looks 1ike an AmericanD. she sets a poor example to children2.The writer mentioned “miniskirts and pantsuits” (paragraph 4) to imply that______________ .A.these are the only clothes a doll should wearB. these are very traditional American clothes for womenC. there are a range of different life options available for womenD. readers should wear these clothes more often3.The underlined word “anorexia”(paragraph 5) most probably means“ _________________ ”.A.an illness of refusing to eatB. giving up math studyC. the wearing of inappropriate clothesD. a decrease in people’s imagination4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.People all over the world understand what freedom really means.B. How Barbie is treated seems to reflect a country’s politics and cultureC. Women in Saudi Arabia have no options in deciding what to wear.D. Barbie dolls have contributed much to Muslim culture. .5.It can be inferred from the passage that _____________________A.children who like Barbie dolls won’t be so serious when they grow upB. Muslim Barbies are the same as American BarbiesC. Muslim societies are generally more conservative than western societiesD. Americans have no worry about Barbie’s influence on childrenWhile income worry is a rather common problem of the old, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”（空巢综合症）.In order to search for their chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend their countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact that many young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it impossible that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noticed that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing response in time for their aged parents living by themselves.The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as “distant parent phenomenon “,which is common both in developed countries and developing countries. Our society has not yet been well p repared for” Empty Nest Syndrome”1.According to the passage, what can best explain “Empty Nest Syndrome”of the old?A. their earlier experience of feeling lonelyB. their poor living conditions in their own countriesC. the geographical distance between parents and childrenD. the common worry about their income2. Many young people have gone abroad, leaving their aged parents behind ,to_______________.A. realize their dreams in foreign countriesB. live in the countries with more moneyC. go on with their study overseasD. find a better place for their parents3. From the last paragraph, we get to know that _______________.A. the situations in the developed and developing countries are not the sameB. “Empty Nest Syndrome” has arrived unexpectedly in our societyC. the aged parents are not fully prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”D. children will become independent as soon as they go abroadPeople diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger c ompetitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group," explains Marian Wrong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation."The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fishgrows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious. Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical(等级的) societies remain stable.The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to human.”As yet, we lack a complete unders tanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature," the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal."1. When a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor it ________.A. faces dangerB. has breeding rightsC. eats its competitorD. leaves the group itself2. The underline words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to ________.A. the fish beaten upB. the fish found outC. the fish fattened upD. the fish driven away3. The experiment showed that the smaller fish ________.A. fought over a feastB. went on diet willinglyC. preferred some extra foodD. challenged the boss fish4. What is the text mainly about?A. Fish dieting and human dietingB. Dieting the healthC. Human dietingD. Fish dieting。