【解析】安徽省淮南市第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期创新班开学考试历史试题

合集下载

【解析】安徽省淮南市第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期创新班开学考试历史试题

【解析】安徽省淮南市第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期创新班开学考试历史试题

淮南一中2018级高二上学期创新班开学考历史试卷一、单项选择择1.孔子主张对鬼神敬而远之,把讨论和解决人世间的实际问题放在中心位置,而老子重视天人关系,认为“道”是凌驾于天人之上的天地万物的本原,并提出“天法道,道法自然”的思想,两人不同的天人观A. 是不同时代背景的反映B. 孰优孰劣十分明显C. 折射出两种不同的人生追求D. 是继承与背离传统文化的结果【答案】C材料“把讨论和解决人世间的实际问题放在中心位置”体现了孔子积极入世的人生追求;材料“重视天人关系”“天法道,道法自然”体现了老子无为而治的政治理念,因此两人不同天人观体现了两种不同的人生追求,故C项正确,BD项错误;两人都生活在春秋时期,故A 项错误。

2.孔子主张“克己复礼”“为仁由己”。

朱熹对“克己”作如下解释:“克”意为“胜”,“己”指的是“身之私欲”。

这种解释()A. 将人性置于天理之上B. 以满足个人欲望为目标C. 完全曲解孔子的本意D. 与孔子本意不完全一致【答案】D孔子提出的“仁”是“克己复礼”,而朱熹是从“存天理,灭人欲”的伦理角度阐述的,显然与孔子的原本思想不完全一致,故D项正确。

朱熹是压抑人性,故A项和B项错误;C中“完全”的说法过于绝对。

【考点定位】中国传统文化主流思想的演变·孔子思想和朱熹思想比较点睛:孔子主张“克己复礼”,使每个人的行为符合礼的要求。

北宋时形成了以理为核心的新儒学体系——“理学”。

朱熹是理学集大成者。

他特别强调,理之源在于天理,而天理就是作为道德规范的三纲五常,它是人性的最高境界;并指出人性本来与天理一致,但被后天的欲望所蒙蔽,所以强调“存天理,灭人欲”。

3.《韩非子·解老》:“凡法令更则利害易,利害易则民务变,民务变谓之变业。

故以理观之,事大众而数摇之,则少成功:藏大器而数徙之,则多败伤;烹小鲜而数挠之,则贼其宰;治大国而数变法,则民苦之。

是以有道之君贵静,不重变法。

”由此可知A. 法家思想力图以变法推动社会进步B. 法家思想中存在着民本成分C. 法家思想阻挠变法以维护自身利益D. 法家思想重稳定而不重变革【答案】B从材料中“治大国而数变法,则民苦之。

2020-2021学年安徽省淮南一中高二(上)开学物理试卷(Word版含答案解析)

2020-2021学年安徽省淮南一中高二(上)开学物理试卷(Word版含答案解析)

2020-2021学年安徽省淮南一中高二(上)开学物理试卷一、选择题(本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1~8题只有一项符合题目要求,第9~12题有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得4分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的得0分)1.(4分)关于曲线运动,下列说法正确的是()A.曲线运动的速度大小一定变化B.曲线运动的加速度一定不变C.一段时间内,做曲线运动的物体的位移可能为零D.在平衡力作用下,物体可能做曲线运动2.(4分)关于重力势能,下列说法正确的是()A.重力势能的大小只由重物本身决定B.一物体的重力势能从﹣6J变为﹣2J,重力势能变小了C.在地面上的物体,它具有的重力势能一定等于零D.距地面有一定高度的物体,其重力势能可能为零3.(4分)体育课结束后,小聪捡起一楼地面上的篮球并带到四楼教室放下。

已知篮球的质量为600g,教室到一楼地面的高度为10m,则该过程中,小聪对篮球所做的功最接近于()A.10J B.60J C.100J D.6000J4.(4分)如图所示,在同竖直面内,两位同学分别以初速度v a和v b,将两个小球分别从高度为h1和h2的(h1>h2)a、b两点沿水平方向同时抛出,两小球均落到与两抛出点水平距离相等的P点。

不计空气阻力,下列说法正确的是()A.两球同时落地B.a球先落地C.=D.=5.(4分)为使物体脱离星球的引力束缚,不再绕星球运行,从星球表面发射所需的最小速度称为第二宇宙速度,星球的第二宇宙速度v2与第一宇宙速度v1的关系为v2=v1,已知某星球的半径为R,其表面的重力加速度为地球表面重力加速度g的,不计其他星球的影响,则该星球的第二宇宙速度为()A.2B.C.D.6.(4分)如图所示,轻质杆Oa的a端固定一小球,在无其他外力情况下,杆带动小球以O为圆心在竖直平面内做圆周运动。

在图中a、b、c、d四个点中,细杆Oa受到小球的拉力最大的点是()A.a B.b C.c D.d7.(4分)如图所示,在匀速转动的圆筒内壁上紧靠着一个质量为m的物体,物体随圆筒一起转动,圆筒的半径为r,物体与圆筒内壁间的动摩擦因数为μ,可以认为最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力要使物体随圆筒一起转动,则圆筒转动一周所用时间的最大值为()A.2πB.2πC.D.8.(4分)如图所示a、b两物块质量分别为m、3m,用不计质量的细绳相连接,悬挂在定滑轮的两侧。

安徽省淮南市第一中学高二上学期第一次阶段性教学检测数学试题扫描版含答案

安徽省淮南市第一中学高二上学期第一次阶段性教学检测数学试题扫描版含答案
又因为FH 平面PCE,PC⊂平面PCE…… 5分
所以FH∥平面PCE.………6分
(2)由〔1〕知FH∥平面PCE
又因为AE∥CF且AE=CF
所以四边形AECF为平行四边形……8分
所以AF∥CE,……9分
所以AF∥平面PCE.……10分
由FH⊂平面AFH,AF⊂平面AFH,FH∩AF=F……11分
所以平面AFH∥平面PCE.……12分
12.解:设大球的半径为R,那么小球的半径为: , 由题意可得:V= R3=4,
所以V2﹣V1= = = ,即:V2>V1.应选:D.
13.
14.解由斜二测画法,可知△ABC=8,那么AB= =10.
15.解析∵点A〔–2,0〕,B〔0,2〕,假设点P在圆〔x–3〕2+〔y+1〕2=2上运动,
②当过点M〔3,–2〕的直线斜率存在时,不妨设斜率为k,
那么切线方程为y+2=k〔x–3〕,即kx–y–3k–2=0,……9分
由圆心到直线的距离等于半径可知, ,……10分
解得 ,即切线方程为3x+4y–1=0.……11分
综上所述,切线方程为x=3或3x+4y–1=0.……12分
21.解(1)∵PD=a,DC=a,PC= a∴PC2=PD2+DC2∴PD⊥DC.……2分
故所求的直线的方程为2x+y﹣ =0,……8分
〔III〕令直线l解析式中y=0,解得:x= ,
∴A〔 ,0〕,即OA= ,
令x=0,解得:y= ,∴B〔0, 〕,即OB= ,……9分
那么OA+OB= ≥2 ,……10分
当且仅当m=n= 时,OA+OB取最小值.此时直线l的方程为:x+y﹣ =0,

安徽省淮南市第一中学2020-2021学年高二上学期开学考试数学试题

安徽省淮南市第一中学2020-2021学年高二上学期开学考试数学试题

安徽省淮南市第一中学2020-2021学年高二上学期开学考试数学试题一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1. 不等式11x≤的解集为( ) A. )1,+∞⎡⎣ B. ()),01,⎡-∞⋃+∞⎣C. ](,1-∞-D.0,B移项得到10x x-≥,应用分式不等式解法求解集即可; 不等式可化为10x x -≥,等价于()100x x x ⎧-≥⎨≠⎩,解得0x <或1≥x .故选:B . 本题考查了应用分式不等式的解法求解集,属于简单题.2. 若方程22420x y x y k +-++=表示圆,则k 的取值范围是( ) A .5k > B. 5k <C. 5k ≥D. 5k ≤B因为方程22420x y x y k +-++=表示圆,22416440D E F k +-=+->,即可求得答案. 方程22420x y x y k +-++=表示圆∴22416440D E F k +-=+->,解得:5k <故选:B.本题解题关键是掌握圆的一般方程的定义,考查了分析能力和计算能力,属于基础题. 3. 已知两直线20ax y -+=与2(1)0x a y a -++=平行,则a = ( ) A. 2- B. 0 C. 2-或1 D. 1D∵直线20ax y -+=与()210x a y a -++=平行 ∴21a a =+,且21a a ≠+ ∴1a =故选D点睛:(1)当直线的方程存在字母参数时,不仅要考虑到斜率存在的一般情况,也要考虑到斜率不存在的特殊情况,同时还要注意,x y 的系数不能同时为零的这一隐含条件;(2)在判断两条直线平行、垂直时,也可直接利用直线方程的系数间的关系得出结论. 4. 在等差数列{}n a 中,35712a a a ++=,则{}n a 的前9项和9S =( ) A. 36 B. 48C. 56D. 72A根据等差数列的性质,由题中条件,得出54a =,再由等差数列前n 项和公式,即可得出结果. 因{}n a 为等差数列,35712a a a ++=,所以5312a =,即54a =, 所以()1999983622a a S +⨯===.故选:A . 本题主要考查等差数列性质的应用,考查等差数列前n 项和的基本量运算,属于基础题型. 5. 在ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,若2sin a b A =,则B =( ). A. 30 B. 60︒ C. 30或150︒ D. 60︒或120︒C根据题意,由正弦定理,求出1sin 2B =,即可得出结果. 由2sin a b A =结合正弦定理,得sin 2sin sin A B A =, 又sin 0A ≠,所以1sin 2B =, 又()0,πB ∈,所以30B =︒或150︒.故选:C . 本题主要考查正弦定理解三角形,属于基础题型. 6. 若0a b >>,则下列不等式不一定成立的是( ) A. 11a b< B. 2ab b > C. 22a x b x > D. 12ab ab+≥ C 先得到110b a a b ab --=<,判断选项A 正确;再得到()20ab b b a b -=->,判断选项B 正确;接着令0x =得到22a x b x =,判断选项C 错误;最后运用基本不等式得到12ab ab +≥=(当且仅当1ab ab=即1ab =时取等),判断选项D 正确. 因为0a b >>,所以110b a a b ab --=<,所以11a b<,故选项A 正确; 因为0a b >>,所以()20ab b b a b -=->,故选项B 正确;当0x =时22a x b x =,故选项C 错误;由基本不等式得12ab ab +≥=(当且仅当1ab ab =即1ab =时取等)故选项D 正确.故选:C .本题考查利用不等式的基本性质判断不等式是否成立、基本不等式证明不等式是否成立,是基础题.7. 已知各项均为正数的等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,1n n a a +<,*n N ∈,4149a a ⋅=,81010a a +=,则数列{}n a 的公比为( )A. 3B. 13C. 2D.12A设正项等比数列{}n a 的公比为(0)q q >,根据等比数列的性质,求得93a =,进而得出公比q 的方程,即可求解.设正项等比数列{}n a 的公比为(0)q q >,由4149a a ⋅=,可得299a =,因为0n a >,所以93a =,又因为81010a a +=,所以981093a a a a q q q+=+=+310q =, 即231030q q -+=,解得3q =或13q =,又由1n n a a +<,可得1q >,所以3q =.故选:A .本题主要考查了等比数列的性质,以及等比数列的通项公式的应用,着重考查推理与计算能力. 8. 下列四个命题中,正确的是( )A. 经过定点()000,P x y 的直线都可以用方程()00y y k x x -=-表示B. 不经过原点的直线都可以用方程1x ya b+=表示C. 经过定点()0,A b 的直线都可以用方程y kx b =+表示D. 对于直线()()211a y a x -=--,无论a 为何值,直线总过第一象限 D斜率不存在的直线都不能用A 、B 、C 中方程表示直线,D 中直线方程过第一象限定点,即可得正确选项.A 错误,当斜率不存在时,不可以用方程()00y y k x x -=-表示.B 错误,与坐标轴垂直的直线不可以用方程1x ya b+=表示. C 错误,当斜率不存在时,不可以用方程y kx b =+表示.D 正确,()()211a y a x -=--化为()210a y x x y -+-+=,令210y x x y -=-+=,有1x y ==,即直线()()211a y a x -=--恒过()1,1,直线总过第一象限.故选:D 本题考查了直线方程,注意斜率不存在时直线方程的表示,属于简单题;9. 在ABC ∆中,124AB BC A ===,,则AB 边上的高等于( )A. 3B. 34C.2D.4D 设角,,A B C所对的边分别为,,a b c,AB 边上的高为h ,221210422,60, 3.4c a b b b b b ==∴=+-⨯⨯⨯∴--=∴=,又sin 4A =,由11232,2424h h ⨯⨯⨯=⨯∴= 本题选择D 选项.10. 已知等差数列{}n a 中,前m 项(m 为偶数)和为126,其中偶数项之和为69,且120m a a -=,则数列{}n a 公差为( ) A. 4- B. 4 C. 6 D. 6-B由奇偶数项和的差与公差的关系可得57692md+=,结合已知条件即可求数列{}n a 公差; 由题意得,奇数项的和13157m a a a -++⋅⋅⋅+=,偶数项的和2469m a a a ++⋅⋅⋅+=, ∴57692md+=,又()1120m a a m d -=-=,解得:4d =.故选:B . 本题考查了等差数列,利用前n 项和及项间的关系求公差,属于基础题;11. 关于x 的不等式93270x x a -+≥对任意实数x 恒成立,则实数a 的最大值是( )A. B. C. D.C由题意转化为2733xx a ≤+恒成立,利用均值不等式求2733xx+的最小值即可求解.因为93270x x a -+≥对x R ∀∈成立,所以2733xxa ≤+恒成立,即min 2733x x a ⎛⎫≤+ ⎪⎝⎭,2733x x +≥=2733x x =时等号成立,即当32x =时,min 2733x x ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭,所以实数a的取值范围是a ≤, 所以a的最大值为故选:C本题主要考查了不等式恒成立问题,均值不等式的利用,属于中档题.12. 在ABC 中,角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c,2sin c A =,c =C 是锐角,则ABC 周长的最大值为( )312D. D条件2sin c A =由正弦定理得3C π=,可得2sin cC=,则()2sin sin a b A B +=+,然后利用两角差的正弦公式和辅助角公式进行化简,即可得到最大值. 由正弦定理,得2sin sin C A A =,又sin 0A ≠,所以sin 2C =,又C 是锐角,所以3C π=,由正弦定理,得2sin sin sin a b cA B C====, ()2sin sin 2sin sin 3a b A B B B ππ⎡⎤⎛⎫+=+=--+ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦1cos 226B B B π⎫⎛⎫=+=+⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎭, 当62B ππ+=,即3B π=时,+a b取得最大值所以ABC 周长的最大值为23333+=.故选:D本题考查正弦定理的应用,考查两角和差公式和辅助角公式的应用,考查计算能力,属于基础题.二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题4分,共16分.13. 直线l 过点()2,1,若l 的斜率为2,则l 在y 轴上的截距为______.3-根据点斜式写出直线方程,令0x =即可求出在y 轴上的截距. 因为直线l 过点()2,1,且l 的斜率为2, 所以直线方程为()122y x -=-, 即230x y --=, 令0x =得,3y =-, 即直线在y 轴上的截距为3-, 故答案为:3-本题主要考查了直线方程的点斜式,直线的截距,属于容易题.14. 设变量,x y 满足约束条件30,3,20x x y y -≤⎧⎪+≥⎨⎪-≤⎩则yx 的最大值为__________.2可行域如图所示.又00y y x x -=-,它表示区域内动点P 与原点连线的斜率,其最大值为直线OB 的斜率,而()1,2B ,故2OB k =,所以yx的最大值为2. 填2.15. 若正实数x ,y 满足21x y +=,则21x y+的最小值为________.8根据题意将21x y +转化成()21212⎛⎫+=++ ⎪⎝⎭x y x y x y ,然后用基本不等式求解即可.由x ,y 均为正实数,21x y +=,所以可得()21214424248x y x yx y x y x y y x y x⎛⎫+=++=++⋅= ⎪⎝⎭, 当且仅当421x y y x x y ⎧=⎪⎨⎪+=⎩,即1214x y ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩,时,等号成立.故答案为:8本题主要考查基本不等式在最值问题中的的应用,基本不等式要把握好“一正,二定,三相等”的原则.16. 设数列{}2()n n n a +是等比数列,且116a =,2154a =,则数列{3}n n a 的前15项和为__________.1516等比数列首项为1123a =,第二项为2169a =,故是首项为13,公比为13的等比数列.所以()21111333n n n n n a -+=⋅=,所以211131n n a n n n n ==-++,其前n 项和为111n -+,15n =时,为11511616-=. 本小题主要考查等比数列通项公式的求法,考查利用裂项求和法求数列的前n 项和.题目给定一个数列()2n n n a +为等比数列,并且给出1a 和2a ,也就是要用这两项求得给定数列的第一和第二项,根据前两项求得等比数列的通项公式,由此得到211131nn a n n n n ==-++,利用裂项求和法求得数列的前n 项和.三、解答题:共56分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 17. 已知ABC ∆的三个顶点()1,0A -,()5,4B -,()1,2C . (1)求BC 边上的中线所在直线的方程;(2)求AB 边上的高线所在直线的方程. (1)410x y ++=;(2)3210x y -+=(1)先计算边BC 的中点D ,然后计算AD k ,根据点斜式,可得结果.(2)计算AB k ,然后根据垂直关系,可得AB 边上的高线的斜率,利用点斜式,可得结果. (1)由题意得:边BC 的中点D 为()3,1-, 所以直线AD 的斜率()011134ADk --==---, 所以BC 边上的中线AD 所在直线方程 为()1014y x -=-+,即410x y ++=. (2)由题意得:直线AB 的斜率()042153AB k --==---,所以AB 边上的高所在直线方程为()3212y x -=-, 即3210x y -+=.本题考查直线方程的求法以及两直线垂直关系,属基础题.18. 已知公差不为0的等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和n S ,11S +,3S ,4S 成等差数列,且1a ,2a ,5a 成等比数列.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)若4S ,6S ,n S 成等比数列,求n 及此等比数列的公比. (1)21n a n =-;(2)9n =,公比94q =. 试题分析:(1)由题意得到关于首项、公差的方程,解方程可得112a d =⎧⎨=⎩,则数列的通项公式为21n a n =-;(2)由(1)知2n S n =,则416S =,636S =,结合等比数列的性质可得9n =,公比6494S q S ==. 试题解析:(1)设数列{}n a 的公差为d由题意可知3142215210S S S a a a d =++⎧⎪=⎨⎪≠⎩,整理得1112a d a =⎧⎨=⎩,即112a d =⎧⎨=⎩, 所以21n a n =-;(2)由(1)知21n a n =-,∴2n S n =,∴416S =,636S =,又246n S S S =,∴22368116n ==,∴9n =,公比6494S q S ==. 19. 在ABC 中,角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c ,()()()sin sin sin sin a b A B c A C -+=-,2b =,3a =. (1)求ABC 外接圆的直径; (2)求ABC 的面积. (1;(21+. (1)利用正弦定理和余弦定理得出ABC 外接圆的直径;(2)根据余弦定理求出边c ,利用三角形的面积公式求解即可.(1)设ABC 外接圆的直径为2R ,由正弦定理得()()()a ba b c a c +-=-, 即222b a c ac =+-,由余弦定理的推论得2221cos 22a cb Bac +-==, 又()0,B π∈,所以sin B =,由正弦定理,得2sin b R B =,即23R ==(2)由(1),得sin 2B =,又2b =,a =,222b a c ac =+-,所以2340c --=,解得c =c =(舍), 所以ABC 的面积为11sin 1223323ac B =⨯⨯=+本题考查正余弦定理在解三角形中的应用,考查三角形的面积公式,属于中档题.20. 数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S 满足13122n n S a a =-,且15a -,35a +,415a -成等差数列. (1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (2)设3n 4log 1nn a b a -=,求数列{}n b 的前n 和n T . (1)3nn a =;(2)5512223nn T n ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+⨯ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.(1)由n a 与n S 的递推式,结合已知等差数列即可求{}n a 的通项公式;(2)由3n 4log 1nn a b a -=得到新数列通项,应用错位相减法求{}n b 的前n 和n T . (1)∵13122n n S a a =-,而当1n >时,1113122n n S a a --=-, ∴113322n n n n n a S S a a --=-=-,13n n a a -=(1n >),故{}n a (*n N >)是公比为3的等比数列. 故319a a =,4127a a =,由15a -,35a +,415a -成等差数列,∴()()()14351525a a a -+-=+,即()()()11152715295a a a -+-=+,有13a =,∴1333n nn a -=⨯=(2)∵3nn a =,有()334log 14log 3114133nn n n n n a b n a --⎛⎫===-⨯ ⎪⎝⎭,∴231111113711(45)(41)33333n nn T n n -⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⨯+-⨯ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,23411111113711(45)(41)333333nn n T n n +⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⨯+-⨯ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,上述两式相减,得23121111134(41)333333n n n T n +⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+⨯+++--⨯⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦21111133114(41)1313n n n -+⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫-⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎛⎫⎣⎦=+⨯--⨯ ⎪⎝⎭-1122111(41)3333n n n -+⎛⎫⎛⎫=+-⨯--⨯ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭5451333n n +⎛⎫=-⨯ ⎪⎝⎭,即有5512223nn T n ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+⨯ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭. 本题考查了数列,根据n a 与n S 的递推关系求通项公式,应用错位相减求新数列的前n 和. 21. 某公园拟利用废地建设两块三角形花圃ABD 与BCD ,其中BCD △是以C 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形(如图),1AD =百米,3AB =百米.(1)若60ADB ∠=︒,求角A 的大小;(2)求两块花圃的面积和的最大值.(1)90A =︒;(2)两块花圃的面积和的最大值为612⎛⎫+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭平方百米. (1)在ABD △中,利用余弦定理得2BD =,再根据正弦定理得90A =︒; (2)在ABD △中,设()0180A θθ=︒<<︒,则则32ABDS θ=,2423BD θ=-,进而得312BCD S θ=-,()61452S θ=+-︒,再结合三角函数的性质求解即可得答案. 解:(1)因为1AD =百米,3AB =60ADB ∠=︒所以2222cos60AB AD BD AD BD =+-⋅⋅︒,所以2131212BD BD =+-⋅⋅⋅,即220BD BD --=,所以2BD =. 由正弦定理,得sin sin BD AB A ADB =∠,即23sin sin 60A =︒所以sin 1A =,又0180A <<︒︒,所以90A =︒(2)在ABD △中,设()0180A θθ=︒<<︒,则13sin 22ABD S AD AB θθ=⋅⋅=所以2222cos 4BD AD AB AD AB θθ=+-⋅=-.在等腰直角BCD △中,2BC DC BD ==,所以2111cos 242BCD S BC DC BD θ=⋅==-所以两个三角形的面积和()sin 1cos 1sin 45222S θθθ=+-=+-︒ 因为0180θ︒<<︒,所以4545135θ-︒<-︒<︒,所以()sin 4512θ-≤-︒≤ 所以当4590θ-︒=︒,即135θ=︒时S取得最大值,且max 1S =+所以两块花圃的面积和的最大值为12⎛+ ⎝⎭平方百米.本题考查正余弦定理解三角形,三角形的面积公式,考查利用解三角形问题解决实际问题,是中档题.。

2019-2020学年安徽省淮南一中创新班高二(上)开学地理试卷

2019-2020学年安徽省淮南一中创新班高二(上)开学地理试卷
【解答】
由题中图可以看出,甲地区农业以种植业为主、商品率低、投入劳动力数量较多,可知该地农业地域类型是季风水田农业,主要特点是单产高、商品率低。
据图而控制,丙农业以畜牧业为主,商品率高,故该地的农业地域类型为大牧场放牧业或乳畜业,阿根廷潘帕斯草原的农业地域类型为大牧场放牧业。
7.泸州市合江县先市镇位于川南黔北结合部的赤水河畔,先市镇盛产酱油,其酱油酿制技艺始于汉,兴于唐,盛于清,采用大豆整粒蒸闷、多野生菌种制曲、高盐稀固发酵、长周期自然晒露以及“秋子”浸出等法则,所酿酱油以“酱香浓郁、味美醇厚”而饮誉川南黔北。如图示意先市酱油的晾晒场。据此完成下列小题。
【解析】
影响城市的区位因素有自然因素和社会经济因素。其中自然因素包括河流、地形、气候等;社会经济因素包括资源、交通、政策等。
高级住宅区的区位条件:环境优美,地势高,河流上游,盛行风的上风向,交通便利的地方。
城市功能区的特点:住宅区是城市中最广泛的功能区。工业区现在一般分布外围,沿交通干线分布。商业区大多成团状和条状,并且分布于交通便捷的地区。城市功能区之间并没有明显的界线,往往你中有我,我中有你。在大城市中,还会形成文化区、行政区等。
故选A。
(2)图中表明远东地区的人口大量外迁,人口迁出,会缓解交通拥挤状况;不利于资源的开发;人口外迁,导致远东地区劳动力数量不断减少。
故选B。
3.如图为我国东部某城市示意图。读图,完成(1)~(3)题。
(1)该地早期形成城市的有利条件有:()
①位于河流交汇处,水源充足,水运便利
②地形平坦
③土壤肥沃,便于农耕
④有高速公路经过,交通便利
A.②③④B.①③④C.①②④D.①②③
(2)图中甲乙丙丁四处最适合建高级住宅区的是()

安徽省淮南市第一中学创新班2023-2024学年高二生物第一学期期末学业质量监测模拟试题含解析

安徽省淮南市第一中学创新班2023-2024学年高二生物第一学期期末学业质量监测模拟试题含解析

安徽省淮南市第一中学创新班2023-2024学年高二生物第一学期期末学业质量监测模拟试题考生请注意:1.答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内,不得在试卷上作任何标记。

2.第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后,需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内,第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。

3.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题:(共6小题,每小题6分,共36分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求)1.茉莉酸(JA)是一种植物激素,可增强植物抗病能力。

黑斑病菌可诱导植物产生茉莉酸。

以茉莉酸相关拟南芥突变体为材料进行实验,结果如下图。

下列叙述错误..的是()A.JA抑制野生型拟南芥生长B.不能合成JA使突变体对JA不敏感C.乙烯可能与拟南芥抗病有关D.JA可能促进乙烯的合成2.如图是关于人体内环境稳态调节的示意图。

下列说法错误的是()A.甲、乙表示体液调节和免疫调节,丙、丁可以表示温度和酸碱度B.内环境的稳态只要保证渗透压、酸碱度和温度等理化性质不变即可C.内环境稳态的实质是内环境的每一种成分和理化性质都处于动态平衡中D.人体的各器官、系统协调一致地正常运行是维持内环境稳态的基础3.科学家通过实验研究生长素促进植物细胞伸长的原理,发现与细胞壁H﹢浓度及酶X的活性变化有关,其具体作用过程如图所示,下列有关叙述正确的是()A.由于生长素的作用使细胞壁的延展性变强,细胞失水将不再发生质壁分离B.结构A是生长素的受体,生长素与之特异性结合催化H﹢逆浓度梯度运输C.单侧光照射的胚芽鞘,图中所示现象在背光一侧更明显D.生长素浓度越高,酶X活性越强,植物细胞生长越快4.2020年12月1日是第33个“世界艾滋病日”,我国的宣传主题是“携手防疫抗艾,共担健康责任”。

下列有关HIV 及艾滋病的叙述,错误的是()A.HIV主要通过血液,母婴和性接触途径进行传播B.可用标记的特异性抗体来检测机体是否感染HIVC.HIV侵入人体后会破坏人体免疫系统,导致内环境的稳态失调D.艾滋病和类风湿性关节炎都属于获得性免疫缺陷病5.食用被诺如病毒(NV)污染的食物会导致呕吐与腹泻,人体胃酸能杀死部分NV属于()A.特异性免疫B.天然免疫C.非特异性免疫D.人工免疫6.色盲男性的一个次级精母细胞处于着丝粒刚分开时,该细胞可能存在A.两条Y染色体,两个色盲基因B.一条X染色体,一个色盲基因C.两条X染色体,两个色盲基因D.一条Y染色体,没有色盲基因二、综合题:本大题共4小题7.(9分)某草原在连续多年过度牧羊干扰下,草场发生退化,草场上原本的羊草、克氏针茅等优势牧草逐渐被冷蒿替代。

安徽省学年淮南市第一中学高二上学期开学考试英语试题

安徽省学年淮南市第一中学高二上学期开学考试英语试题

Ï\\B 9 20/8 *A& 3 Y/¥£:?f6//Y?t+:*“6Äz —nu •rz›(«uv,ce3oe)S —T(¥ s '1 ¥:&'J•E i.s ïf.¥tf 7.s 51)STK 5 RNiä- BRNiäfi&—*•J•H,fiB&HläB A. B.*fiR &fiHRÏ2id%,4t5ïAifi¥è3Blïïfïrh. °hËT&3iidJä,ü&V 10 ütt 83äJl’äStä&fï£'f'SR1. Where are they most probably talking?A. On a plane.B. In a hospital.2. When did the man last see Mr. Young7 A. Last week.B. Four weeks a go.3. Where are they most probably talking?A. In R Glassroom.B. In a lab.4. Wh8t’s the man doing?C. In a classroom.C. Two weeks ago,C, In a library.A. Listening to music.B. Doing a n e xperiment.C. Talking with a saleswoman.5. Who is coming to visit the family?A. The man’s mother.B. The man’s mother -in-law.C. The man’s father.U ( 15 *)* ; *J* 1.5 ,ÏÏÏÏ 22.5 )°rTK R«aen?t H. TiëfiiäSl$8Jä¥fA*'J•B.J \H t #ï ä A. B. c —"kN&fi H4tRN z,P1ïANfiftlIi lkR- fiRRUiSfi i$ B U ,iü/$fic?l'fi fiG&J •J•O,8TO 5 üë';°£ ciï,4'l•Bläöd s ütè83Jt£a7fä• 88Èiäët5BBü?fifi•1/ @ 6 }J,686. What are the two speakers doing†A. S wimming,B. Running. 7. What does the woman think the weather will be like?C. Cycling.A. Windy.B. Rainy.C. funny.8. From whom did the woman learn the knowledge about the weather? A. Her geography teacher.B. The man.C. The farmers.°rS 7 Ritti,aYa s z ii n.9. Which country does the girl come from?A. F rance.B. Canada. CGesnAny10.Where will the girl and her parents travel?A.In Africa.B. In Asia.11.When will the summer vacation begin?A.This Saturday.B. Next M onday. °hz a aitti.a»z i2 x i* e.C. In Europe. C. Next Saturday.12.What is the most probable relationship between the two speakersTA.Mother and son.B. Teacher and student.C. Boss and worker.13.What will the woman do this evening?A.Help Tom with his English.B.Do her homework.C.Have supper with Tom.14.What time will Tom go to the woman’s house7A.Before 8:00.B. At 8:00.h9QJJ,O°@l5N17O.15.Where is the nearest hospital?A.At the end of the street.B.Near the first crossing.C.Between a post office and a school.16.Why does the w oman go to the h ospital?A, Because she is seriously ill.B.Because she has to see a friend in t he hospital.C.Because her baby needs to see o doctor.17.How will the woman go to the hospital?A, By taxi. B. On foot.°rR to R UI4. sR ir x 2o&.18.Where will Sarah Jones g ive her talk this SaturdayTA.In the library.B. In Allen Hall.l9. What is the talk mainly about?A.8arah Jones’ latest novel.B.Sarah Jones’ success.C.5nrah Jones’ recent j ourney.20.Who is the man most probably speaking to†A.5tudents.B. Teachers.C. After 8:00.C, By bus,C. At the bookshop.C. Writers.S—v ‹4 is 'J-a, »'J'n z o, a9 3o p)NüT#:té$. k84sSiäè5 A. B. c Ti D &«xx'ë, arü£Caiü.Funnily RelationshipsThe concept of family is different in the U5 compared to countries like India. Most American families consist of a mother and a fsthcr with an avcrage of 1-3 children. It is very common in most families that both the mother and the father are employed full-time and are at work while their children are at school or a daycare centre. There ore a large number of families in the US thot consist of one single parent and children as a result of divorce. In most families, once the child has become n teenager and graduated from high school, he or she leaves the home and leads an independent life.Time£unotunüty(MBO)Most Americans are very punctual. Most people arrive exactly on time or a few minutes early for an appointment. Although most high-tech jobs don’t require exact arrival and departure time, most people at most jobs arrivc on time and work hard. lf there is an unexpected delay, it is customaiy( Ü’Iv. fÈ) to infomi the other party by calling them about the delay and apologize immediately upon meeting.It is sad that many lndians don"t accept this concept of being on time in a non-work relatetl environment. Most people are late to social gatherings like parties or dinners.Soclnl MnttersIn India, people of the same sex hold hands or touch shoulders as a gesture of friendship. Never do that in the US. If you are male and hold another man’s hand or put your arm around his shoulder, you might be considered gay. Also, unless you have a close relationship, you should keep your distance even from the people of the opposite sex. At the office, in public, and at home, people keep a comfortable distance while sitting next to each other. People speak softly and with low voices. In general conversation, your voice should not be too loud. Have the same manners while talking on the phone so you don’t disturb those around you.21.Who is the passage most probably written for?A.The Chinese who live in the US.B.The lndians who will visit the U S.C.The Americans who will travel to China.D.Those who want to know about American lifestyle.22.What’s the Americans’ attitude to the lndians’ sense of p unctuality?A. Puzzled.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Pleased.23.How is the passage mainly developed?A.By giving explanations.B. By giving examples.C. By inferring from facts.D. By making comparisons.A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points highcr on average at the age of 10.Researchers said it could explnin why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vcgetarim dict was linkcd to lower heart disease ond obesity rates. The study of 8,179 people was reported in the Dritisli Llediayl Journal.Twenty years afier the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetorians —although more than 100 rcported eeting either fish or chicken.Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians while female veget‹arians averaged I Ol,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians. There we no difference in the lQ scores, between strict vegetarians and those who snid they were vegetarinns but reported eating fish or chicken. Researchers said the finding,s were partly related to better education and higher cla5s, but it remained statistically significant ailer adjusting for these factors.Vegetnrinns were more likely to be femnle, to be of higher socinl clnss und to hnve higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetnrians. However, these differences were not reflected in their annual income, which was similnr to that of non-vegetarinns.Lend resenrcher Cntharine Gale said, “The findings thot children with grenter intelligence nra more likely to report being vegetarians as adults, together with the evidence on the potcntinl benefits of s vegetarian diet on heart health, may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or odolesccnce is linked with a reduced risk of coronnry henrt disease(O•Ü•i i) in ndult life.”But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, “It is like the chicken und egg. Do people bccome vegetarions because they have a veiy high IQ OT lS 1t jtLst that they are clever enoueh to be more aware of health issues?”24.What’s the result of the research mentioned in the text†A.I ntelligent children are more likely to become vegetarians later in life.B.Children with e higher IQ are less likely to have heart disease later in life.C.Intelligent children tend to belong to higher social class later in life.D.Children with a h ealthier heart tend to h ave a h igher IQ later in life.25.It was found in the research thatA.most of the participants became vegetarians 20 years after the IQ tests were carried outB.vegetarians who ate fish or chicken were of similar intelligence with strict vegetariansC.female vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarionsD.vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians26.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A.Intelligence is linked to not just being a vegetarian but to many factors.B.The rate of ketting heart disease is liriked to your lifestyle.C.The link between a high IQ and bei*B a vegetarian is still uricertain.D.The link between a healthy heart and diet remains to be proved.27.What’s the best title for the text?A.Get More lQ PointsB.Be a Vegetarim, PleaseC.Vegetarian Diet Cuts Heart RiskD.A High IQ 1s Linked to Being a VegetariancCan you find your way to wealth and success? Napoleon Hill believes that if you have the right thoughts you can. In nineteen thirty-seven, after many years of researching business success, he published the book Ffiiiiñ rind Clro w Rich. Even though it was published in the middle of the Great Depression( 1&@),it was immediately successful. F’orbes h4agazine says it has been sold seventy million copies since it first appeared.Smarter Comics has published a version(&@) with pictUfes of the book. Franco Arda is the company’s founder and publisher, who wanted to create picture books that could increase understanding. His version provides much of the information that is in full-length books but in on easy-to-understand form.Mr. Arda says: “Readers will understand and remember more about gaining success if they read the comic book version of Think nnd C drom' Ricli. Because it’s pictured, it’s easier to read end it’s nlso ensier to remember. Once you see something interesting, your brnin can take it in much quicker and then you can remember it much longer.”Mr. Arda says he first read Tyink mid Clrow Rich when he was a teenager. The book was credited(}Q ......Jfl & J)to much of his financial success —it taught him to chonge the way he thought about money and success.Mr. Arda adds Napoleon Hill found that you must write down what you want to achieve, how and when you want to achieve it and what you are willing to lose for it. Napoleon Hill said you must read that statement out loud every morning when you woke up and every evening before you went to sleep.Mr Arda thinks Think end G row R ich s hows that “Wealth is sure to be gotten by believing in personal ideas, and anyone can realise his d ream by refusing to b e stopped by sudden problems.”28.Napoleon Hill published FJiinl aitd C drom'Rich allerA.studying business success for yearsB.thinking about his secret of successC.getting his wealth by hard workD.working in some successful businessespared with common versions, Smarter Comics’s Think and brow RichA.becomes much longerB.is e asier t o u nderstandC.is more suitable for publishersD.has more information for success30.The f i(lh paragraph shows us t he n ecessity ofA.giving up s omethingB.reading books aloudC.setting a clear goalD.writing something down31.From Think and Gro u!Ric e we can know thatA.we shouldn’t be afraid of sudden problemsB.we cannot succeed without others’helpC.learning from others can help us succeedD.one can’t succeed without reading this b ook5DWHEN there are some strangers in front of us, which of them will we trust7According to o new study in the online PLos Ono, people mnke their decisions to trust others largely based on their faces. Your appearance can do a lot for you, especially if you are in the financinl industry. The more trustworthy you look, the more likely people will buy what you’re selling.Researchers from Britain’s University of Warwick Business School, University College London, and Dartmouth College, US, did n number of experiments.The research team used computer software to mat:e 40 faces, from fhe least to the most trustworthy-looking.The study said thut the difference between a trustworthy face and one that isn’t os trustworthy comes from features thot look slightly ongry or slightly happy, even when the fnce is nt rest. Howevcr. a slightly happy facc is more likcly to bc trustcd.Researchers gave participants some money and asked them which face they twisted to invest the money for them. Then researchers gave some good and bad information about the people with those fnces, and osked the participants again whom they trusted.The results showed that even if they got different information ,the participants didn't change their choices. They were still more likely to give their money to the more trustworthy-looking fnces.Chris Olivola, one of the study's authors, said in the University of Warwick’s press release: “lt seems we are still willing to go with our own instincts( âfi)about whether we think someone looks like we can trust them. The temptation to judge strangers by their fnces is h Brd to resist."32.Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage?A.What Kind of Face Do You TrustB.Who Did the ExperimentsC.Why Do You Trust him or HerD.Why Did They Do the Experiments33.According to t he study, which of t he following faces is m ost li1:ely to b e trusted?A A sad face. B.A smiling face. C.A crying face. D. An ongry fnce.34.Which of the following about the experiment is TRUE†A.The trustworthy faces were given good information.B.Researchers took photos of the 40 people’s faces in college.C.Most participants gove their money to the trustworthy-looking faces.D.Participants liked to choose the faces with good information.35.What did the researchers team from their e xperiment?A.People cnn’t refuse temptations.B.People always do things with their instincts.C.People often judge strangers by their faces.D.People don’t trust strangers with sad faces.-9FaB6›XâSfi9A9@A8?B1?fifr^‹.Jt¿19g8›yyy9a'how to Beliez’e in YourselfThere was a long time when the lacli of belief in myself was o mojor factor in my life. I didn’t work on an ideal carrier, or start my own business, because I didn’t think I could. I didn’t stick to habits because I didn’t really believe I had the discipline.36.While I’m not free of self-doubt these days, 1 can honestly say 1 believe in myself like never before.37. I will. Probably often And that’s OK. Failure, not being perfect, mistakes, not hnving people agree with me, or not being completely accepted: thesa are not negative things. They’re positive.How is failure positive?38. For example: you can reed o book on moth, but until you try it and fail, you’ll never see where your lack of understanding is. The best way to leem something is to study it fi bit, then try it.39.How are mistakes positive† They’re little pieces of feedback necessary to grow an‹l learn.It means I"m growing beyond the absolutely socially acceptable realm. The best people in history were not socially acceptable :truth-tellers like Socrates, Jesus, Gandhi, Proudlion and BAmin, Martin Luther king Jr., animal rights philosopher Peter Singer, unschooling pioneer John Holt, women’s rights activists, abolitionists, and mnn y more.A.Pat yourself out there.B.How is bein2 rejected positive?C.It's the only way we truly learn.D.In this practice, you will find yourself.E.All because I didn"t renlly believe I could.F.That doesn’t mean I thirik I’ll never fail or quit.G.Take practice tests, makc mistakes, then team some more.¥t=@6: Biâ‘Ré.%R (?tA7, r66 4s 6)e—1›' =*fise‹x 2° •J•fi, s•J•e i.‹s*, k6*o*)7«i2TifiGx.Rrs& A. B. cm D BJ* +1,Naw 9. aAaB«if1fi‹xN z.As a boy 1 was always small for my age. I was also five years younger than one of my brothers and seven years younger than the other. 41 .I often felt left out when their friends came over to 42 .They didn"t want me to listen in on their conversation. I often 43 myself outside playing alone and feeling forgotten.I remember one 4 afiemoon 40 years ago feeling especially 45 as I sat in the yard behind our house. \Ve lived miles from town end 1 46 saw my own friends outside school. I heard my brothers laughing from inside the house and felt a single 47 coming down my cheek. At that moment I saw a 48 walking over to me. He was walking happily end his tail was wagging( H@)as well. Even though he didn’t know me he 49 me like a long-lost friend, licking( )my hand and 50 beside me on the spring grass. It must have been at least an hour that I petted and 51 this four-legged angel. He let me pour out all my 52 and share my deepest thoughts before he kissed my cheek 53 .I went back inside feeling happy, knowing that no matter what life may hold I was 54 .Today, I still remember that furry angel with a smile.In truth, nothing brings us greater 55 than knowing we are loved. Knowing we are loved gives us the 56 to love others as well. Knowing we are loved 57 us to be the people we are to be. Knowing we are loved aids us in 58 Earth more like Heaven. Embrace( & )thot love. Take joy in it. IVelcome it into your 59 .And then go out and 60 your own love with the world.41. A. W hat’s more B. In a way C. As a result D. On the contra42. A. study B. perform C. exercise D. play43. A. found B. seated C. dressed D. imagined44. A. summer JS. A lonely B. spri nsB. selfishC. SaturdayC. upsetD. SundayD. independent46. A. often B. happily C. rarely D. entirely47. A. sweat B. tear C. liquid D. blood48. A. panda B. friend C. dog D. brother49. A. shouted B, greeted C. relaxed D. examined50. A. staring B. sitting C. kneeling D. accusing51. A. concentrated on B. drew up C. cared for D. talked to52. A. satisfaction B. description C. kindnesses D. troubles53. A. hello B. goodbye C. dearly D. gently54. A. concerned B. attended C. loved D. amazed55. A. Run B. inlerest C. joy D. suqirise56. A. effort B. strength C. right D. energy57. A. forces B. benefits C. helps D. leads58. A. making B. driving C. improving D. developing59. A. cheek B. heart C. mouth D. action60. A. grow B. share C. confirm D. express8s—9‹ it iO 'J'fi‹ »r•J•a t.s'›/, /nJ\ is1/a. . . . . .. ..61.One of the most important skills in life is to (accurate) identify your own strengths.62.If s omeone is e or she doesn’t need help or money from anyone else.63.If you hnve on with a bank or a similar orgonisntion, you hnve on arrangement to leave your money there and take some out when you need it.tS4. Ed i s a g reat travelling (company) —funny and sensible at the same t ime.65.It has been (ii ) that the meeting will take ploce next week.66.You can’ t a Stephen of robbing the back. He was round at my house all the evening.67.The scenery w as beyond (describe).68.Experts linve discovered tlint fenr, happiness, sadness, rind surprise arc universally retracted in I ehyressions.fi9. No one u'as hurt, and we all breathed a sigh of r70. J from what you say in your letter, you don’ t sound well.e—v iixss(> a'n:xa'n i »,a»N o›2..°.fi›\Jse io «i,»a(›kz ii »s›w:›o.Dear Sir •I'm writing to you for the mobile phone which I buy on 20th August 2016 at Attracting Shopping. Ten doys ofler thot it didn't ring or could it send short messages. Then I reported it to the seller, but was told that the model had been selling out and I had tO Wait at least three month for a new one. Then I wnnted it to repaired . but he said since it wns n new model it wcs impossible to fixing it without the right spare parts. How disappointing I was by hearing that! How can I wait that long7 However I have to write to you and ask to have the phone replaced within a week or return me back the money.I'm looking forward to your early reply!Sincerely yoursLi Hua@—@ @dI@@ (rQJ25 J)B 19R6JARD9fi@Aa—«ou. •/Aea ‹s•J•a i.s e, m//3o ‹/›1-5 CBCBC 6-10 CAABA11-15 CACAA 1 20 BABBAB aix›ïA›lOYt‹x'J*a z o. ¥àF 4o Y›21-23 BCD 2 27 ABCD231 ABCA 32-35 ADCC340 EFCGB««e »¥«e ‹8'i-a i.s9. apzo e)41—J5 CDABA 46-50 CBCBB51-55 DDBCC 56 0 BCADB61. accurately 62.independent 63. Account 64. c ompanion65. Confirmed 69. relier 66. accuse›o. Judging67. Description 68. facialDenr Sir,I’m writing to you for the mobile phone which I buyboughton 20th August 2016 at Attracting Shopping.Ten da3s after that, it didn’t ring ornor could it send short messages.Then I reported it to the seller, but was told tliot the mndel had been sellingsoldout rind I hnd to svait s t least three monthmontli s s for neix' one. Then I wnnted it to A be repaired › but he said since it was a new model › it was lmpnssible to fixingfix It without the right spare parts. How disappointingdisappointed I was by on hearing that! How can I wait thnt long? HoweverTherefore › I hnve to write to you rind risk to have the phone replaced within n sveek or return me brick \the mone3.I'm looking for-card to your earI3 repl3!Sincerely yours ›Li Hun。

安徽省淮南一中2020-2021学年高二上学期开学考试语文试题 Word版含答案

安徽省淮南一中2020-2021学年高二上学期开学考试语文试题 Word版含答案

淮南一中2020-2021学年高二上学期开学考试语文考生注意:1.本试卷满分120分,考试时间120分钟。

2.答题前,考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色子水答字笔将留封线内项目填写清楚。

3.考生作答时,请将答案答在答题卡上。

选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题下上对应题目的答案标号涂累;非选择题请用直径0.5毫来界色圣水签字笔在答题下上各题的答题区城内作签,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。

4.本卷命题范围:人教版必修3、必修4。

一、现代文阅读(24分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

目前在文学领域,现代化进程里的城市故事似乎并未得到充分的表达。

相对于乡村文学的持续兴盛,中国当代文学中城市题材书写,因为没有触及灵魂的深度而显得比较弱势。

从历届的茅盾文学奖可以看出,只有王安忆的《长恨歌》、金宇澄的《繁花》等少数几部长篇小说属于城市题材。

《人民文学》主编施战军在面对这一话题时直言,相比乡村文学的繁荣,我们的城市文学的不足,主要是对城市精神和城市人精神把握能力的欠缺。

施战军说,近来一批新生代作家对城市的书写,尽管有了一定的规模和气象,但作品对城市的描摹也几乎停留在一种状态或一种情绪式的堆砌,缺乏对城市人精神世界的穿透性认知与把握。

评论家认为,城市文学的式微,与中国长期以来乡土中国的文化基因有关。

中国主流文坛的大部分作家最切实的经验均来自乡土,这也决定了中国文学最成熟、最成功的部分便是乡土文学。

比如,作家贾平凹几十年来的创作一直坚持以书写乡土中国来记录这个时代,几乎所有的创作素材都来自他老家商州棣花村。

他笔下有对故乡的无比依态和怀念,也有农民们的迷茫和追问。

诺奖获得者莫言,大部分作品离不开他的家乡高密。

余华几部最出名的小说,写的都是乡土中国,一旦写到城市里来,使被认为是他最不成功的作品。

然而,有学者直言,这几年,中国发生的深刻变化之一,就是城市化发展。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

淮南一中2018级高二上学期创新班开学考历史试卷一、单项选择择1.孔子主张对鬼神敬而远之,把讨论和解决人世间的实际问题放在中心位置,而老子重视天人关系,认为“道”是凌驾于天人之上的天地万物的本原,并提出“天法道,道法自然”的思想,两人不同的天人观A. 是不同时代背景的反映B. 孰优孰劣十分明显C. 折射出两种不同的人生追求D. 是继承与背离传统文化的结果【答案】C材料“把讨论和解决人世间的实际问题放在中心位置”体现了孔子积极入世的人生追求;材料“重视天人关系”“天法道,道法自然”体现了老子无为而治的政治理念,因此两人不同天人观体现了两种不同的人生追求,故C项正确,BD项错误;两人都生活在春秋时期,故A 项错误。

2.孔子主张“克己复礼”“为仁由己”。

朱熹对“克己”作如下解释:“克”意为“胜”,“己”指的是“身之私欲”。

这种解释()A. 将人性置于天理之上B. 以满足个人欲望为目标C. 完全曲解孔子的本意D. 与孔子本意不完全一致【答案】D孔子提出的“仁”是“克己复礼”,而朱熹是从“存天理,灭人欲”的伦理角度阐述的,显然与孔子的原本思想不完全一致,故D项正确。

朱熹是压抑人性,故A项和B项错误;C中“完全”的说法过于绝对。

【考点定位】中国传统文化主流思想的演变·孔子思想和朱熹思想比较点睛:孔子主张“克己复礼”,使每个人的行为符合礼的要求。

北宋时形成了以理为核心的新儒学体系——“理学”。

朱熹是理学集大成者。

他特别强调,理之源在于天理,而天理就是作为道德规范的三纲五常,它是人性的最高境界;并指出人性本来与天理一致,但被后天的欲望所蒙蔽,所以强调“存天理,灭人欲”。

3.《韩非子·解老》:“凡法令更则利害易,利害易则民务变,民务变谓之变业。

故以理观之,事大众而数摇之,则少成功:藏大器而数徙之,则多败伤;烹小鲜而数挠之,则贼其宰;治大国而数变法,则民苦之。

是以有道之君贵静,不重变法。

”由此可知A. 法家思想力图以变法推动社会进步B. 法家思想中存在着民本成分C. 法家思想阻挠变法以维护自身利益D. 法家思想重稳定而不重变革【答案】B从材料中“治大国而数变法,则民苦之。

是以有道之君贵静,不重变法”可以排除A选项,并看出《韩非子》中含有一定的民本思想,所以本题选择B选项。

C选项错误,法家主张的就是变法图强;D选项错误,法家不是不重变革,而是要精简变革。

4. 孟子发扬孔子开创的儒学,主张涵养“浩然之气”,倡导“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈”,对后世影响极大。

孟子这些言论所强调的是A. 努力完善个人品德B. 坚持个人独特性格C. 勇于突破礼制束缚D. 敢于反抗专制暴政【答案】A试题分析:孟子“浩然之气”、“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈”等思想体现的是对个人品德的要求,所以本题答案为A项。

材料体现不出个人独特的性格,故B项错误;明清之际的启蒙思想家们反对礼教的束缚,主张反抗专制制度,故C项和D项错误。

考点:古代中国的思想文化•百家争鸣•孟子5.战国时期除道、儒、墨、法四大学派之外,还有一些有影响的学派。

其中主要有讨论合纵、连横的纵横家,提倡重农政策和探究农业技术的农家,研究军事理论的兵家,以及综合各派学说的杂家等。

这表明当时A. 社会分化加剧B. 礼崩乐坏统治失序C. 民本思想盛行D. 诸子学说注重实用【答案】A春秋战国时期百家争鸣,各家提出的不同主张适应了不同阶层的需要,说明这一时期社会分化加剧。

故答案为A项。

BC项材料不能反映,排除;D项说法绝对,不符合史实,排除。

6. 据《史记》载:一日,魏太子下车,向一位新贵——宫廷文士田子方致意,竟未得到回礼。

太子问:“究竟富贵者还是贫贱者应当骄傲?”田子方答:“贫贱者。

”并解释,他随时都能在别国宫廷上被派上用场。

这反映了()A. 士人为诸侯国所重用B. 士人轻视功名利禄C. 诸侯国内部等级森严D. 忠君思想已经形成【答案】A试题分析:本题主要考查学生通过历史现象分析历史本质的能力,对材料现象的准确分析是解题的关键,由材料中的“魏太子下车”可以判断是战国时期,“向一位新贵——宫廷文士田子方致意”“他随时都能在别国宫廷上被派上用场”等信息可以得出士阶层的不断崛起以及受到各诸侯国的重用,A符合题意;B在材料中无体现;“他随时都能够再别国宫廷上被派上用场”说明忠君思想并不浓厚,再加上魏太子致意竟不回礼等,排除C、D。

故选A。

【考点定位】中国传统文化主流思想的演变•春秋战国时期的百家争鸣•背景——士阶层的崛起7.《两汉三国学案》卷九记载:“夫汉家以经义断事,每有大议论、大狱讼、辙引经义以决之。

”这表明A. 儒学统治地位的已确立B. 儒学运用于国家的政治生活C. 汉代社会秩序较混乱D. 儒家理念成为日常行为规范【答案】B由材料“汉家以经义断事,每有大议论、大狱讼、辙引经义以决之”,说明儒学运用于国家的政治生活,故选B;材料没有体现儒学统治地位的已确立的信息,排除A;材料无关汉代社会秩序,排除C;材料没有涉及儒学与日常行为规范的关系,排除D。

8.西汉初期,陆贾在其天人学说中,把阴阳家的“天人感应”说引入了进去;叔孙通等人把“礼”与形而上的“大一”“天地”“阴阳”“四时”联系在了一起;贾谊在其《新书·道德说》中则公开用《老子》的宇宙观作为其儒家道德论的依据。

这表明,当时儒学A. 具有成为汉代官方正统思想的趋向B. 奠定了汉代新儒学的发展基础C. 继承了先秦诸子思想的精华D. 开始融合道家及阴阳家的学说【答案】D陆贾、叔孙通融合阴阳家的思想,贾谊引用《老子》的理论,这为董仲舒的新儒学的发展奠定了基础,故B正确;西汉初期实行无为而治的黄老之学,儒学并未成为汉代正统思想,故A 错误;材料反映的内容也不全是先秦诸子思想的精华,故C错误;材料也无法体现出这是儒家融合道家及阴阳家的学说的开始时期,故D错误。

故选B。

9.王莽建立新朝取代西汉,仅遭到朝野人士的零星反对;东汉末年既有割据一方的豪强,更有权势滔天的权臣,却大都不敢称帝。

东汉末年这一现象出现的原因是A. 权臣豪强对中央集权的畏惧B. 当时社会对君权神授尊崇C. 儒学忠君思想进一步理论化D. 儒家“经世致用”思想的恢复【答案】C【详解】据材料“东汉末年既有割据一方的豪强,更有权势滔天的权臣”,并结合所学知识可知,当时的地方豪强割据一方,敢于对抗中央,故A项错误;君权神授思想是西汉董仲舒提出,属于儒家思想,B项没有C项准确,不是最佳选项,排除;随着董仲舒新儒学地位的确立,经过数百年发展,三纲五常尤其是其忠君思想在东汉被进一步强化,故东汉末年虽天下大乱,割据势力及权臣大都不敢公然称帝,故C项正确;儒家“经世致用”思想强调入世,关注与解决社会实际问题,与权臣豪强不敢称帝的现象无关,故D项错误。

【点睛】解答本题的关键信息是“东汉末年既有割据一方的豪强,更有权势滔天的权臣,却大都不敢称帝”,联系所学西汉时期儒家思想正统地位的影响分析解答。

10.孔子是儒家学派创始人,汉代崇尚儒学,尊《尚书》等五部书为经典,记录孔子言论的《论语》却不在“五经”之中。

对此合理的解释是A. “五经”为阐发孔子儒学思想而作B. 汉代儒学背离了孔子的儒学思想C. 儒学思想植根于久远的历史传统D. 儒学传统由于秦始皇焚书而断绝【答案】C 本题考查了汉代儒学的相关内容。

《尚书》等五经是孔子编订的典籍,而《论语》则是孔子的弟子和再传弟子所记录的孔子的言论,属于后人编订。

汉代将《尚书》等五部书尊为经典主要是因为儒学在汉代成为正统思想,而儒学思想植根久远,“五经”是早期儒家思想的集中体现,《论语》是记载孔子言行的著作,因此《论语》不在五经之中,故正确答案为C项。

“五经”主要记载了古代的礼乐制度,不是阐发孔子的儒家思想,所以A项说法错误;汉代儒学是在孔子的儒学思想基础上发展而来的,并没有背离,所以B项说法错误;焚书坑儒使儒家思想遭受重创,但并没有因此而断绝,从汉代儒家思想成为正统思想即可得知,所以D项说法错误。

【要点解密】汉代“外儒内法,剂之以道”的治国理念的形成1.形成过程(1)经过春秋战国时期的动荡,实现统一后的秦朝,难以用儒家思想实现大统一,而法家思想却能收到较好的社会效果。

(2)历经秦末农民战争和楚汉战争的西汉,面临着生产遭破坏、社会经济凋敝的局面,实行道家的“无为而治”思想,有利于恢复和发展生产。

(3)汉武帝时,国家稳定,步入正轨,不能再实行严刑酷法,而以比较温和的儒家思想为宜。

汉武帝一方面接受董仲舒“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”的建议,另一方面“崇儒尚法”,逐渐形成了“外儒内法,剂之以道”的治国模式,即以儒家文饰政治,以法家支持政治,以道家调剂政治。

2.发展这种思想尤其体现在存在时间较长的汉、唐、明、清等封建统一王朝。

3.影响儒、道、法家的治国思想是中国古代极其珍贵的文化遗产,其精华部分对现代中国仍有借鉴作用。

11.董仲舒在评论一件寡妇改嫁的案例时指出,依《春秋》大义,“夫死无男,有更嫁之道也”,故寡妇改嫁“皆无罪名,不当坐”。

这折射出汉代A. 司法判案“重情轻法”B. 妇女的整体社会地位较高C. 婚姻受礼教束缚相对较小D. 妇女拥有婚姻自主的权利【答案】C【分析】试题分析:本题考查董仲舒的思想。

C项,董仲舒援引《春秋》,认为寡妇再嫁是可以的,这就比后世“设男女之大防”“一女不事二夫”不允许寡妇再嫁的程朱理学思想要宽松得多,显示汉代婚姻受礼教束缚相对较小。

故C项正确。

A、B、D项,题干中董仲舒是在“评论”这件寡妇改嫁案,并不是司法官,不能体现汉代司法判案原则;题干中“寡妇再嫁”仅为一个个例案件,并不能说明妇女的整体社会地位较高;题干中没有体现妇女拥有婚姻自主权利的相关信息。

故A、B、D项错误。

综上所述,本题正确答案为C。

考点:中国传统文化主流思想的演变·汉代儒学·对婚姻的影响【详解】请在此输入详解!12.孔子主张“克己复礼”“为仁由己”。

朱熹对“克己”作如下解释:“克”意为“胜”,“己”指的是“身之私欲”。

这种解释()A. 将人性置于天理之上B. 以满足个人欲望为目标C. 完全曲解孔子的本意D. 与孔子本意不完全一致【答案】D孔子提出的“仁”是“克己复礼”,而朱熹是从“存天理,灭人欲”的伦理角度阐述的,显然与孔子的原本思想不完全一致,故D项正确。

朱熹是压抑人性,故A项和B项错误;C中“完全”的说法过于绝对。

【考点定位】中国传统文化主流思想的演变·孔子思想和朱熹思想比较点睛:孔子主张“克己复礼”,使每个人的行为符合礼的要求。

北宋时形成了以理为核心的新儒学体系——“理学”。

朱熹是理学集大成者。

他特别强调,理之源在于天理,而天理就是作为道德规范的三纲五常,它是人性的最高境界;并指出人性本来与天理一致,但被后天的欲望所蒙蔽,所以强调“存天理,灭人欲”。

相关文档
最新文档