cpim基础部分习题

Question Number: 1The basic elements of the supply chain include:A）supply, manufacture,distribution. B) design, manufacture, inventory.C) engineer, design, manufacture. D) supply, engineer, manufacture.The correct answer is: AEven though different companies produce different products, the basic elements are the same: supply, manufacture, and distribution.Question Number: 2In order to maximize profit, a company must have all of the following objectives except:A) Best customer service B) Most accurate production forecastC) Lowest inventory investment D) Lowest distribution costThe correct answer is: BA company, to maximize profits, must have the lowest production cost, best customer service, lowest inventoryinvestment, and lowest distribution costs. While an accurate production forecast will contribute to low production costs, it will not guarantee the lowest production costs.Question Number: 3BASICS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MGMT (BSCM) :Businesswide ConceptsThe inventory turns ratio measures:the amount of inventory needed to A) support sales growth.B) obsolete inventory as a percent of sales.C) how effectively inventory is being used.D) the amount of space needed to store inventory.The correct answer is: CThe inventory turns ratio measures how effectively inventories are being used. It is calculated by dividing annual cost of goods sold by average inventory in dollars.Question Number: 4Process specifications can be best defined as a document which:A) shows how the product will appear. B) shows the steps needed to produce the end item.C) details the capacity available at a work center. D) flow charts various processes.The correct answer is: BProcess specifications describe the steps needed to make an end product. They are usually printed on a routingsheet or kept in the database for online access.Question Number: 5BASICS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MGMT (BSCM) :Businesswide ConceptsA company's strategic plan:A) provides the manufacturing plan for families of end items.B) outlines the sales plan for the next year.C) is a statement of goals and objectives for a long range period.D) outlines new products for the next year.The correct answer is: CWhile strategic plans do provide for manufacturing, sales, and new product plans, they really provide the overall direction for the company. The result is a statement of goals and objectives for 2-5 years, and sometimes 10 years.Question Number: 6In which of the following manufacturing environments would consumer products, such as film, food, etc. beclassified?A) Assemble-to-order B) Engineer-to-orderC) Make-to-order D) Make-to-stockThe correct answer is: DConsumer products are generally considered make-to-stock. There are a few standard items assembled from many components.Question Number: 7Many different end items are made from a small number of components. What manufacturing environment would this be?A) Make-to-stock B) Make-to-orderC) Assemble-to-order D) Engineer-to-orderThe correct answer is: BMake-to-order companies typically make many end items from a small number of components. The schedule isdeveloped from actual customer orders.Question Number: 8The purpose of a strategic business plan is to:plan production A) by product family. B) plan for business changes which take a long time.C) establish customer requirements over the long term. D) establish order promising strategies.The correct answer is: BStrategic plans are used for long term planning (2-10 years). They are used to allow time to plan for changes which take a long time to occur. These might include new plants or distribution centers.Question Number: 9BASICS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MGMT (BSCM) :Businesswide ConceptsAggregate inventory management is concerned with:A) managing inventory items and how they are used. B) establishing the production plan.C) the cost and benefits of carrying the different classes of inventory.D) the distribution network and the movement of inventory.The correct answer is: CAggregate inventory management is concerned with the cost and benefit of carrying raw materials,work-in-process, and finished goods inventory. It is financially oriented.Question Number: 10Which of the following are objectives of inventory?I. Maximize customer serviceII. Efficient transactionIII. Low cost plan operationsIV. Minimum inventory investmentA) I, II, and III B) I, III, and IVC) I, II, and IV D) II, III, and IVThe correct answer is: BIn order to maximize profits, a company must manage inventories, provide great customer service, and haveefficient plant operations, while minimizing the amount of capital used for inventory.Question Number: 11Which of the following would be included in the cost of carrying inventory? Heating and I. lighting a warehouseII. Obsolete inventoryIII. Labor to move materialIV. Damaged inventoryA) I, II, and III B) II, III, and IV C) I, III, and IV D) I, II, III, and IVThe correct answer is: DAll of the above costs would be included in the cost of inventory. Any costs incurred as the result of havinginventory should be included.Question Number: 12Which of the following best describes a normal distribution?A) Most values clustered near a central point B) Warehouses centrally located to marketsC) Values accumulated at six sigma D) A critical ratio of 1.0The correct answer is: ANormal distribution refers to the statistical distribution of values where the majority of values will accumulatearound the mean. The resulting graph is shaped like a bell. It is often known as a "bell curve".Question Number: 13Based on the following information, what would the safety stock need to be to ensure product is in stock 99.9999% of the time? MAD = 100,On hand = 200.Weekly demand = 400A) 100 B) 300 C) 500 D) 600The correct answer is: CTo ensure coverage of product 99.9999% of the time, it would require 5 MAD for safety stock.Therefore: 5 * 100 = 500.Question Number: 14Each distribution center places orders from central supply as they are needed.This is called:A) pull system. B) push system.C) Just-in-Time delivery. D) supply chain management.The correct answer is: AWhen each distribution center orders from central supply or the factory independently of what other distributioncenters are doing, it is called a pull system. The advantage is that coordination and communication is lessexpensive. The disadvantage is that the lack of coordination causes problems with customer service and inventories.Question Number: 15A company makes all decisions regarding forecasting and orders centrally for its distribution network. Thiscompany is using which of the following systems?A) Pull system B) Push systemC) Just-in-Time D) Time phased order pointThe correct answer is: BThe push system "pushes" inventory to distribution centers by making stocking decisions centrally. The advantage is that inventory is sent where it is needed most. The disadvantage is that the coordination is more expensive than the pull system.Question Number: 16A company wants to store 15,000 cartons with 20 cartons on each pallet. The warehouse is set up to store pallets 5 high. How many pallet positions are needed?A) 150 B) 500 C) 750 D) 3000The correct answer is: AThe number of pallet positions can be calculated by dividing the number of cartons of storage needed by thenumber of cartons per pallet which equals the total number of pallets needed. Divide the total number of pallets needed by the number of pallets stacked height which equals the number ofpositions needed. For this problem: 15,000/ 20 = 750 pallets needed; 750/ 5 = 150 positions.Question Number: 17All of the following are basic grouping methods to store and locate stock in a warehouse except:Items A) related functionally B) Items in sequential SKU numberC) Items which are physically similar D) Items which are fast movingThe correct answer is: BThe purpose of grouping items in a warehouse is to be more productive in storage and in the picking process. Items which have sequential SKU numbers may have nothing to do with each other. As a result, this would not be a criteria for grouping. Question Number: 18What is the major disadvantage of a fixed location warehouse?A) Put away time is increased B) Cube utilization is poorC) Dock time is increased D) Material handling costs riseThe correct answer is: BFixed location warehouses offer poor cube utilization because pallet locations are left empty when the productassigned to the location is out of stock. Generally, fixed locations are used in small warehouses with lowthroughput.Question Number: 19Which of the following are advantages of point of use storage?I. Ease of controlII. Material handling is reducedIII. Storage costs are reducedIV. Material is accessible at all timesA) I, II, and III B) II, III, and IV C) I, III, and IV D) I, II, III, and IV The correct answer is: BAll are advantages of point-of-use storage except ease of control, which is an advantage of central storage.Question Number: 20Which of the following are advantages of using central storage?I. Ease of controlII. Costs are reducedIII. Inventory record accuracy is easier to attainIV. Safety stock is reducedA) I, II, and III B) I, III, and IV C) II, III, and IV D) I, II, III, and IV The correct answer is: BCosts are not reduced with central storage. There are labor costs, racking, paper system, and other costs associated with central storage.Question Number: 21Which of the following best describes cycle counting?A) A process to reduce cycle time B) Set up reduction to shorten the production cycleC) Counting inventory on a pre-determined schedule D) Conducting a time study at a work centerThe correct answer is: CCycle counting is used to count inventory on a pre-determined schedule for the purpose of identifying errors and taking corrective action so the error will not occur again.Question Number: 22The movement of finished goods from production to the customer is:A) physical supply. B) supply chain.C) physical distribution. D) conversion cycle.The correct answer is: CPhysical distribution is the actual movement of goods from production to the customer. Physical supply is themovement of raw material from the supplier to manufacturing.Question Number: 23All of the following activities are part of the physical distribution systemexcept:A) Transportation B) WarehousingC) Material handling D) Forecasting of customer ordersThe correct answer is: DPhysical distribution includes the activities of transportation, distribution, inventory, warehousing, materialhandling, packaging, and order processing. Forecasting is not a physical distribution activity.Question Number: 24Trucks, as a mode of transportation, are best suited for:moving small quantities to widely A) dispersed markets.B) moving large quantities to widely dispersed markets.C) moving small quantities to narrowly dispersed markets.D) moving large quantities to narrowly dispersed markets.The correct answer is: ATrucks are best when there is a need to move small quantities to widely dispersed markets. Trains are better formoving large quantities.Question Number: 25For a given product, the line haul cost is $1.50 per mile. The product will move 400 miles. If 40,000 pounds arebeing shipped, what is the cost per hundred weight?A) 1.00 B) 1.50 C) 2.00 D) 2.50The correct answer is: BThe truck will cost $600 to move 400 miles ($1.50 * 400 miles).To calculate the cost per hundred weight: Divide the total cost for the truck by 400. (40,000 pounds divided by 100). Therfore: $600 divided by 400 = $1.50/cwt. Question Number: 26Which of the following best describes the purpose of a distribution warehouse?A warehouse to store goods for A) long periods of time B) A storage warehouse for floor stockC) A warehouse to move and mix goods D) A supply chain warehouse for regional storageThe correct answer is: CA distribution warehouse is used primarily to break down large lots into smaller lots for shipment. A generalwarehouse is used for long term storage.Question Number: 27Which of the following are the roles which warehouses serve?I. Transportation consolidationII. Inventory efficiencyIII. Product mixingIV. Customer serviceA) I, II, and III B) I, III, and IV C) II, III, and IV D) I, II, III, and IV The correct answer is: BWarehouses serve three important roles:1) Transportation consolidation - consolidate small shipments (LTL) into large shipments (TL)2) Product mixing - group a variety of products into one order3) Customer service - allows products to be placed closer to the customer Inventory will typically rise with an increase in the number of warehouses. Question Number: 28A market boundary can be defined as the:geographic boundary A) of a region.B) line where the laid down cost is the same from two supply sources.C) line where shipments in one distribution center equals another.D) mileage boundary where shipment costs exceed the margin to be gained.The correct answer is: BA market boundary is the line where the laid down cost from two supply sources is equal. The laid-down cost is the delivered cost of a product to a geographic point.Question Number: 29As a company increases the number of warehouses from one to two, there is an impact on safety stock. Safetystock will:A) increase by a factor of 2. B) decrease by half.C) increase, and the percent can be calculated. D) decrease by a calculated percentage.The correct answer is: CThe safety stock will increase by an amount which can be calculated, but it will not double automatically. Theamount of the increase will depend on service levels by part, the demand variation, and other factors. As thenumber of warehouses increases, demand at each will decrease, causing greater variations in product demand.Therefore, safety stock will increase appropriately.Question Number: 30The Just-in-Time philosophy can be best defined as:A) Delivering goods just before they are needed B) Fulfilling customer orders just as they are neededC) Manufacturing without inventory D) Elimination of wasteThe correct answer is: DThe Just-in-Time philosophy is concerned with the elimination of waste or non-value activities. Maintaining large inventories is just one of many non-value added activities.Question Number: 31The Toyota Motor Company identified seven sources of waste in manufacturing. Which of the following represent those sources of waste?I. ProcessII. OverproductionIII. Wait-timeIV. MovementA) I, II, and III B) I, II, and IV C) II, III, and IV D) I, II, III, and IV The correct answer is: DThe seven sources of waste identified by Toyota are Process, Methods, Movement, Product Defects, Waiting times, Overproduction, and Inventory.Question Number: 32To achieve necessary quality levels in a JIT environment, quality must be:A) built into the product by operators. B) inspected at multiple points.C) ensured by the quality control lab. D) an inspectors function.The correct answer is: AQuality must be the operators responsibility. They are the only ones who can make sure defects are not built into the product. They must be allowed to stop the process when defects are found.Question Number: 33In order to reduce the number of transactions which occur in a JIT environment, companies use a system called:A) transaction prevention. B) pre-deduct.C) backflushing. D) bar coding.The correct answer is: CBackflushing is a system for doing inventory and labor transactions based on the finished goods production. With this system, one transaction will create the many issues transactions for inventory. This process works best when the lead time for the product is short and the product flows down a production line.Question Number: 34The annual cost of goods sold for a company is $40 million and the average inventory is $10 million. By how much would the inventory need to be reduced to have annual inventory turns equal 20 turns?A) $2 million B) $4 million C) $6 million D) $8 millionThe correct answer is: DIn order for a company with cost of goods sold of $40 million to turn the inventory 20 times annually, the inventory would have to be valued at $2 million (40/20). Since the average inventory is currently valued at $10 million, the inventory would need to be reduced by $8 million.Question Number: 35A company wants to produce 1000 units over the next four months using a level strategy. The months have 20, 21, 19 and 22 working days in each one. Based on this strategy, how much would be produced in the first month?A) 244 B) 254 C) 260 D) 262The correct answer is: ATo find the answer: Divide the planned production (1000) by the number of days available in the four months (82) to find the daily ; production rate (12.2). Multiply the daily production rate (12.2) by the number of days in the first month (20) to obtain the first month's production (244).Question Number: 36System nervousness is caused by:A) the inability of the planner to remain calm. B) requirements changing rapidly.C) constant demands by manufacturing for long production runs.D) purchased materials which do not arrive on time.The correct answer is: BSystem nervousness is caused by requirements which change rapidly and usually by small amounts. The planner must, in these cases, apply judgement to the situation before changing the plans to accommodate the change.Question Number: 37A component has a fixed cost of $1,000 and a variable cost of $5.00 per unit to produce. What would the average cost per unit be if the company produces 4,000 units?A) $5.00 B) $5.10 C) $5.25 D) $5.50The correct answer is: CTo produce 4,000 units, the total cost would be $21,000. ($5 * 4,000 units + $1,000 fixed cost = $21,000).Divide the $21,000 by the number of units (4000) to find the cost per unit. ( $21,000/4,000 = $5.25).An alternative way to calculate the cost per unit would be to divide the fixed cost ($1,000) by the units produced (4,000) which equals $.25.Add the fixed cost to the variable cost to get the cost per unit. ($5.00 + $.25 = $5.25).Question Number: 38Which of the following best defines throughput?The number of bottlenecks A) slowing production B) The total capacity which a factory can produceC) The speed of a work center to produce D) The total volume of production passing through a facilityThe correct answer is: DThroughput is the total volume of production passing through a facility. Bottlenecks control the throughput in the facility and must be eliminated in order to increase the throughput.Question Number: 39Forecasts are typically more accurate for the near future than they are for the longer future. This occurs because:A) the near term holds less uncertainty than the long term. B) more data is available in the near term.C) aggregate data is easier to forecast. D) the future is more dynamic in the near term.The correct answer is: AThe near term is more predictable than the long term. Most companies can easily predict what they are going to do next week compared to next year. This allows forecasts to be more accurate in the near term.Question Number: 40Forecasts are usually wrong but we continue to use them. They are necessary because: forecasters provide a service A) to the organization. B) forecasts are a prelude to business planning.C) the master production schedule (MPS) needs one.D) materials requirements planning (MRP) cannot operate without one.The correct answer is: BForecasts are the prelude to business planning. They provide an estimate of what conditions will look like in thefuture. So even though we know they are wrong, by measuring how wrong they are, forecasts can be constantlyimproved for use by the business.Question Number: 41Even in an intermittent manufacturing shop, certain JIT principles can be applied. Which of the following principles can be used in an intermittent manufacturing shop?I. Employee involvementII. Total preventive maintenanceIII. Inventory reductionIV. Continuous flow linesA) I and III B) II and IV C) I, II, and III D) I, II, III, and IVThe correct answer is: CAn intermittent manufacturer is characterized by processing in batches, and large variation in design and orderquantities. At the extreme, every job could be made to customer specification. The product lacks a continuousflow. However, JIT principle can be applied for employee involvement, workplace layout, total quality control,preventive maintenance, setup time reduction, supplier partnerships, and inventory reduction.Question Number: 42Which of the following manufacturing types would typically have the longest delivery time?A) Make-to-order B) Engineer-to-order C) Make-to-stock D) Assemble-to-order The correct answer is: BDelivery time is defined as the time elapsed from receipt of the customer's order to the delivery of the product to the customer. Engineer-to-order companies will generally have the longest delivery time due to the design and engineering time required to create a product. In contrast, make-to-order companies will make a product from existing components after an order is received. Make- to-stock companies will ship to the customer from stock. Assemble-to-order companies will assemble a customer order from existing sub-assemblies.Question Number: 43Which of the following statements would be true regarding the delivery time in an engineer to order company?A) Delivery time is shorter than a make-to-order company.B) It would be the same as a make-to-stock item. C) It would be longer than an assemble-to-order company.D) It would be shorter than an assemble-to-order company.The correct answer is: CDelivery time is defined as the time elapsed between receipt of the customer's order and the delivery to thecustomer. Engineer-to-order companies have the longest delivery time due to the engineering which must occurbefore the product can be manufactured for delivery.Question Number: 44Which of the following would be considered a function of physical distribution?A) Material handling B) Routings C) Kanban size D) Pull signalThe correct answer is: APhysical distribution includes all the activities associated with physically moving goods; from the supplier to the start of production, and from the end of production to the consumer. Material handling is involved with physically moving the goods. The others are functions within manufacturing.Question Number: 45Which of the following would be considered part of the physical distribution system?A) Moving materials between work centers B) Receiving goods from suppliersC) Planning the transfer of goods to outside contractorsD) Forecasting inventory levels to support manufacturingThe correct answer is: BPhysical distribution is defined as the physical movement of goods from suppliers to the beginning of production and from the end of production to the consumer. Receiving would be included as part of the function of physical distribution. Question Number: 46Which of the following would most likely be an independent demand item?A) Inventoried subassembly for a printer B) Manufactured subassembly in a car C) Purchased component for a fork truck D) Spare part for a jet engineThe correct answer is: DIndependent demand is defined as demand for an item which is unrelated to the demand for another item. Service parts would typically be forecast independently from their use during the manufacture of the jet engine. Therefore, the jet engine might have independent and dependent demand.Question Number: 47Production planning is generally a direct input to:material requirements A) planning. B) purchase order planning.C) capacity load at a work center. D) master production scheduling.The correct answer is: DProduction plans are agreed upon management plans for manufacturing, shipping and inventory/backlog. Theseplans are developed at the aggregate level (e.g. monthly, product families). The plan provides managementapproval for the master scheduler to develop the detailed master schedule (end products, weekly).Question Number: 48Which of the following would most likely be a dependent demand item?A) Safety gloves B) Office suppliesC) Purchased component D) Item being shipped to customerThe correct answer is: CDependent demand is defined as "demand that is directly related to or derived from the bill of material structure for other items or end products." (APICS Dictionary) Therefore, a purchased component would be part of a bill of material structure and demand would be related to the demand for other parts in that structure. Question Number: 49If a company is going to establish a cycle count program, a primary objective should be to:correct the A) inventory records. B) reduce the headcount.C) identify the causes of inventory errors. D) eliminate the physical inventory. The correct answer is: CThe primary objective of a cycle count program is to identify the causes of inventory errors and eliminate thempermanently. Only by correcting the causes of error will the records stay accurate for the system to operate properly and, perhaps in the future, eliminate the physical inventory.Question Number: 50A company needs to increase production in the current week to meet a customer request. The quickest way toaccomplish this is to:A) work overtime. B) hire more workers.C) hire temporary workers. D) subcontract the work.The correct answer is: AWorking overtime allows skilled workers to finish the customers job. This would be quicker than hiring workers which can take a great deal of time. Temporary workers can be hired quickly, however, the quality would suffer, and finding a short term subcontractor would not generally be feasible.Question Number: 51Which of the following does a tracking signal identify in a forecast?A) Mean absolute deviation B) Standard deviation C) Bias D) Aggregate summarizationThe correct answer is: CBias occurs when the cumulative actual demand varies from the forecast on a consistent basis. A tracking signalprovides a mathematical method to determine if the forecast error is truly biased or if random error is occurring.Random error will correct itself while bias will not. A tracking signal is calculated by dividing the algebraic sum of the forecast errors by the MAD (Mean Absolute Deviation).Question Number: 52An income statement of a company will show which of the following?A) Inventory levels B) Long term debt C) Cost of products sold D) Net cash availableThe correct answer is: CIncome statements reflect the revenues and expenses of a company generating either a profit or loss. Cost ofproducts sold is subtracted from the revenue to obtain a gross profit. From thegross profit, expenses are deducted to arrive at a net income or loss. Question Number: 53Which of the following is a reason to maintain inventory?A) Improve customer service B) Reduce transportation costsC) Increase machine operating time D) Reduce costsThe correct answer is: AOne of the primary reasons to maintain inventory is to provide competitive customer service. By having inventory,a company can avoid costly stockouts, lost sales, and lost customers. In some industries, such as consumer goods, it is imperative that the product be in stock when the customer orders.Question Number: 54Which of the following best describes the ABC approach to inventory control? Maintain a high inventory A) of "A" parts. B) Have plenty of "C" parts.C) Keep the "B" parts to a minimum level. D) Always keep plenty of inventory. The correct answer is: BThe ABC method of inventory control operates on the assumption that a company's limited resources should beused to maintain the high priority items, or A items. The C parts have less value and should therefore be maintained at a very high level of inventory so inaccuracies will not impact the operation. This would allow less resources to be committed managing the low priority items.Question Number: 55The law which states that a small percentage of the group usually accounts for a large percent of the results is which of the following?A) Fredo's law B) Newton's first lawC) Pareto's law D) Nielsen's lawThe correct answer is: CPareto was an Italian economist who developed the observation that 80% of the Italian wealth was concentrated in 20% of the population. This observation can apply to many areas and is used to analyze the inventory forclassifying A, B, and C items. Generally, 80% of the inventory dollars rest with 20% of the parts.Question Number: 56Inventory is used to decouple:production plans from A) master schedules. B) rough cut capacity from capacity plans.C) supplier orders from supplier deliveries. D) supply from the demand. The correct answer is: DInventory is used to separate supply from demand. This allows the manufacturing to occur smoothly without asmuch disruption caused by fluctuating demand. The inventory acts like a shock absorber so the spikes in demand are not reflected in the manufacturing schedule. Question Number: 57A supervisor's primary role in a total employee involvement company is:A) controlling. B) cheerleading.C) coaching. D) quality control.。