The war in Leyte Gulf
太平洋战争的名词解释英文
太平洋战争的名词解释英文The Pacific War, also known as the Asia-Pacific War, was a major conflict that took place during World War II. This article aims to provide an in-depth explanation of key terms and phrases associated with the Pacific War, focusing on their English translations.1. Pearl Harbor AttackThe Pearl Harbor Attack refers to the surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. This event marked the entry of the United States into World War II and was a significant turning point in the Pacific War.2. Battle of MidwayThe Battle of Midway was a crucial naval battle fought between the United States and Japan from June 4 to 7, 1942. It took place near the Midway Atoll and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. The battle not only halted the expansion of Japanese forces but also shifted the balance of power in favor of the Allies in the Pacific.3. Island HoppingIsland hopping is a military strategy employed by the United States in the Pacific War to advance towards Japan. The strategy involved selectively capturing and occupying certain islands while bypassing others, aiming to establish forward bases for airfields and naval operations. Island hopping allowed the Allies to approach Japan from multiple directions, putting increasing pressure on Japanese forces.4. KamikazeKamikaze, meaning "divine wind" in Japanese, refers to a tactic used by Japanese forces in the latter stages of the Pacific War. Kamikaze pilots would purposefully crash their aircraft into enemy ships, sacrificing their lives to cause maximum damage. It was seen as a desperate attempt to repel the advancing Allied forces and showcased the extreme mindset prevalent in Japan at the time.5. Guadalcanal CampaignThe Guadalcanal Campaign was a series of battles fought between the United States and the Empire of Japan on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands from August 1942 to February 1943. The campaign was the first major offensive by the Allies against Japan and played a significant role in turning the tide of the war in the Allies' favor.6. Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki are the two Japanese cities that were targeted by atomic bombs dropped by the United States in August 1945. These bombings, which resulted in massive casualties and the destruction of the two cities, led to Japan's surrender and the end of the Pacific War. The bombings also marked the first and only use of nuclear weapons in warfare to date.7. Bataan Death MarchThe Bataan Death March was a forced march of approximately 75,000 Filipino and American troops by Japanese forces in April 1942. After the fall of the Bataan Peninsula in the Philippines, the prisoners of war were subjected to inhumane treatment, including physical abuse, torture, and deprivation of food and water. The march resulted in numerous deaths and is considered a war crime by many.8. Battle of Leyte GulfThe Battle of Leyte Gulf, fought from October 23 to 26, 1944, was the largest naval battle of the Pacific War. It took place in the waters off the island of Leyte in the Philippines and resulted in a decisive Allied victory over Japanese forces. The battle marked the first time that Japanese battleships were defeated in a direct confrontation, further crippling Japan's naval power.In conclusion, the Pacific War was a complex and devastating conflict that shaped the course of history. By understanding the key terms and phrases associated with thiswar, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the sacrifices made and the significance of the events that unfolded in the Pacific theater during World War II.。
英法百年战争英文版介绍
英法百年战争英文版介绍Hundred YearsWar 英法百年战争It‘s the longest war of the http://.cnsted for 116 years,from 1337 to 1453. It began betweeen The Kingdom of England and The Kingdom of France.BackgroundThe source is in the region Flanders(法兰德斯).At that time,Flanders is a famous industry advanced area of Europe.The businessmen of Flanders wanted to escape from the control of the emperor of France.But they daren't to be rebels,so they thought out a good idea,they issued that the emperor of England is the feudal lord(领主)of France.Because England had a part of French land,so they could say they were English people.And just because of Flemish(法兰德斯人的)statement,England and France began the war that lasted for one hundred years.PrimacordIn 1328,Charles IV died.Capetian Dynasty was without offspring. The house of Valois’s Philippe VI acceded to the throne. Edward III fight with Philippe VI for the throne in the quanlification of Charles IV’s nephew. The war broke out.Philippe VIEdward IIIProcessThe First StageNevember 1337,Edward III(爱德华三世)leaded the military to attack France,the war began. 1337-1360 year,England and France fighted for Flanders and Keane(基恩). 1340,England beat France in Battle of Sluys(斯鲁伊斯海战),England controled the English channel(英吉利海峡). August 1346,England got a great victory in Battle of Crécy. The next year,in July,England captured Calais. 1348,the black death spread across the European,andthe two contries stopped battling for 10 years. 1356,England invaded France again,and captrued Keane and Gasconha (加斯科涅),being in the south-west of France. 1360,France was forced to conclude and sign(签订) the Treaty of Bretigny(布勒丁尼合约),which was a very unfair treaty.Treaty of Bretigny1356,the Black Prince Edward(黑太子爱德华)arrived in Bordeaux(波尔多),invincibility(不可战胜地),in September,in Poitiers(普瓦捷),beat France,caught alive the emperor of France Jéan II the prince Philippe and a lot of noblemen(贵族).The prince was forced to conclude and sign the Treaty of Brétigny,which mainly involved the following things: 1.the England emperor gave up the right of inheritance(纪承权) of the French emperor 2.France gave lots of French territories(领土) to England 3.France must pay for a great deal of money to ransomed(赎回) Jéan II.Battle of CrecyThe battle of Crecy(克雷西会战) happened on August 26 1346,and English sodiers who used England longbow(英格兰长弓) beat French heavy armour knights(重甲骑士)and sodiers holding crossbow(十字弓).It's a most classical battle in the hundred years' war.English emporer Edward III leaded 15 thousand sodiers to invade France through the sea.French emporer Philippe VI sent 30 thousand sodiers against England.In this battle,England longbow played a key function.They fought in forest,and the knights couldn't work well. At the end,about 10 thousand people of French dead or were injured,but the number of England is around 2 hundred.the Second Stage1364,Prince Charlie(France) went to the throne(继位),who was exactly the Charlie V.For recapturing the land lost,he reformed a lot which promoted the France to develop.1369,Charlie V attacked England for some times,to recapture more land.Charlie V appointed Bertrand du Gai Kelan(贝特朗杜盖克兰)as the leader of military.He used some flexible tactics(战术) successfully beat England in Montiel Battle(蒙铁儿战役). 1396,the king of England warried about that if contiued,he would lose all of his territories(领土),so the king conclued and signed a tready 20-year Armistice(二十年停战协定) with France.Form then on,England only kept down a few territories,which approximately was half of the former.the Third StageFrom 1415 to 1429,in France broke out an internal conflict(内讧),and many a farmer and prety of citizen rose up against the goverment as the same time.England seized the opportunity(乘机)to invade France again. In 1415,England invaded most of French territories,which was about all of the north. On 21st May,1420,England and France concluded and signed Treaty of Troyes(特鲁瓦条约).England became the prince regent(摄政王) of France,had the right to inherit the throne(王位) .France had reduced to be a part of British Commonwealth(英联邦).◎ In October,1428,England invaded Orleans(奥尔良),French people raised guerrillas(游击队) to fight against the invaders.The war had become a national liberation movement(民族解放运动).the Fourth stageIn the fourth stage,Jeanne d'Arc(圣女贞德) led the French army to defeat the invaders,and got los of victories. In 1558,France recaptured Calais,which was the last point of England in Continental Europe(欧洲大陆). Until this moment,Hundred Years Wars ended,and France got the final victory.Before the punishmentJeanne was caughtInflunenceThe victory of the war promoted the the unity of France and laid the foundation for the expansion in europe.at the sametime ,the Nationalism of was built and imposed the policy of banlancing power on the European continent.then The Kingdom of England switched its focus to overseas and became the biggest empire in the world .。
男人们的大和号观后感
男人们的大和号观后感English.Introduction:"Yamato", a war epic hailing from the Land of the Rising Sun, effortlessly weaves together a tapestry of heroism, sacrifice, and the indomitable spirit of the Japanese people. This cinematic masterpiece, helmed by renowned director Yutaka Abe, transports viewers to a bygone era, immersing them in the tumultuous events leading up to the fateful Battle of Leyte Gulf.Plot and Themes:"Yamato" chronicles the valiant crew of the IJN Yamato, the largest battleship ever constructed. As the war rages on, the crew embarks on a desperate mission to confront the overwhelming American naval forces. The film unflinchingly portrays the horrors of war, highlighting the sacrificesmade by both sides. It explores themes of patriotism, duty, tradition, and the fragility of life.Characters:The film boasts a cast of memorable characters, each meticulously crafted to embody different facets of the human experience. Captain Yamazaki, portrayed by Ken Watanabe, is a charismatic and stoic leader who inspires loyalty and unwavering determination within his crew. The young Lieutenant Mori, played by Issei Takahashi, represents the hopes and aspirations of the younger generation.Visuals and Effects:"Yamato" is a visual spectacle that stuns the senses. The meticulously recreated historical setting, from the towering battleship to the sprawling seascapes, is brought to life with breathtaking realism. The battle sequences are particularly impressive, featuring intense and visceral depictions of naval warfare. The use of CGI seamlesslyblends with practical effects, creating a truly immersive cinematic experience.Emotional Impact:Beyond its visual prowess, "Yamato" delivers a powerful emotional punch. The audience is drawn into the intimate lives of the crew, sharing their hopes, fears, and unwavering camaraderie. The film's poignant exploration of loss and sacrifice resonates deeply, leaving a lasting impact long after the credits roll.Conclusion:"Yamato" is an unforgettable cinematic achievement that stands as a testament to the human spirit. Its epic scope, stunning visuals, and deeply moving characters create a profound and unforgettable experience. The film transcends its historical setting, offering universal insights into the nature of war, sacrifice, and the indomitable power of hope.Chinese.《大和号》观后感。
Japan in WW2 二战中的日本
• The main battlefields of Japan forces in the WWⅡ • The equipment of Japan army forces • The brief view of domestic situation during WWⅡ in Japan • Some reasons for Japan waging wars
General view of some important equipment which Japan armed in this war
• The Mitsubishi A6M Zero(零式战斗机） was a longrange fighter aircraft operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service(IJNAS) from 1940 to 1945. • When it was introduced early in World War II, the Zero was considered the most capable carrier-based fighter in the world.
Why did Japanese wage（发动）the war and why their people can stand all the sufferings? Some reasons are as following :
•
•
•
•
From their national personality-----------Japanese has the strongest national unit（民族单一性） From their education and belief(Shento神道)--------→Unity From the military training----------→Bushido （武士道） spirit and Traditional militarism From its worsened economy --------The Great Kanto Earthquake of 1932 The world wide depression of 1929 And to rub resources and export domestic crises
the war of 1812
• The Treaty of Ghent failed to secure U.S. maritime rights, but in the century of peace in Europe from 1815 until World War I they were not seriously threatened. Britain never again pursued its disputes with the U.S. to the point of risking war. The U.S. did not conquer Canada, but Indian opposition to American expansion in the Northwest and Southwest was broken. The U.S. and Canada emerged from the war with a sense of national purpose and awareness.
Results
• Great Britain and the U.S. agreed to commence peace negotiations in January 1814, but the talks were delayed until July. Both nations began negotiations with unrealistic demands. The U.S. wanted an end to all objectionable British maritime practices and also demanded cessions of Canadian territory. Britain sought a neutral Indian buffer state in the American Northwest and wanted to revise both the AmericanCanadian boundary and the 1783 Treaty of Paris that had established U.S. independence.
Background Information of 13 lesson soldiers heart
War fought between Iraq and allies of Kuwait, from January 16 to February 28, 1991, lasting 44 days altogether. The war had 3 main phases: 1) Iraq's occupation of Kuwait, 2) The diplomatic game and sanctions against Iraq, 3) The allied war against Iraq.
估计的伊拉克平民死亡人数从100人到超过 20万人不等。
此外战后的状态造成更多伊拉克人死亡。 比如在炸弹中含有共300吨贫铀，铀是一种 可能可以致癌的重金属（不过这一点也有 争议）。战后伊拉克儿童的癌症率提高了 四倍。战后对伊拉克的制裁可能也导致了 约200万人死亡，其中半数是儿童。
The Battle of Normandy was fought during World War II in the summer of 1944, between the Allied nations and German forces occupying Western Europe. More than 60 years later, the Normandy Invasion, or D-Day, remains the largest seaborne invasion in history, involving nearly three million troops crossing the English Channel from England to Normandy in occupied France.
The Gulf War 海湾战争
It has 28 countries took part in the Allied Troops altogether. The U.S. dispatched to the Gulf about 505,000 men. 300,000 of them were ground troops. The total strength of the Allied Troops was about 700,000. They had 2,828 tanks, 3,510 planes, 2,160 armored vehicles and 178 warships. The war lasted 42 days. The Allied Troops flew 100,000 sorties. The Iraqi military installations were destroyed seriously and lost over 50% of its front troops.
谢谢！
The Gulf War
——海湾战争
海 湾 战 争
The gulf war introduction
introduction
——海湾战争简介
Causes
Dates
The gulf war, January 17th ,1991 to February 28th,1991. US-led multinational coalition in the UN Security Council authorization for the restoration of territorial integrity of Kuwait and a regional war against Iraq. In a few days after the war, finally Iraq accept the UN 660 number resolution, and withdrawal from Kuwait.
玫瑰战争简述(英文)
The period of the Wars of the Roses began in 1455 and ended in 1485,which was considered as the transition to the British modern age.The House of Lancaster and the House of York were the two branches of the Plantagenet family and they were all Edward Ⅲ’s descendents. They all wanted to get the crown. As a result, the internal war broke out, that’s Wars of the Rose. The House of Lancaster symbolized by the red rose and the House of York symbolized by the white.Firstly, I want you to meet several major figures at that times of Wars of the Roses. They are Henry Ⅵand his wife Queen Margaret of Anjou, Henry Ⅶ,Duke of York Richard and his two sons Edward Ⅳand Richard Ⅲ.Next, let’s get to know the developmental process of this war. Henry Ⅵwas the last king of England of Lancaster Dynasty. His father HenryⅤdied when he was just a nine-month baby. Therefore, he inherited the throne and became the king of England while he was not interested in policy. Because of this, he almost lost all policy enforce points of England in France,including the point that his father HenryⅤwon in the Hundred Years’War with France. Consequently, he was taken as a incompetent emperor. Even so, he was so lucky to have an awesome wife Queen Margaret of Anjou with beauty and wisdom who did her best to ensure his throne and became the real leader of the House of Lancaster. Richard, Yorkist leader, Duke of York, was appointed as Protector attempted to usurp the throne. Queen Margaret of Anjou would not like to have his way, so she fought back. She formed an alliance to counter Richard and conspired to reduced his influence with other nobles. Duke of York was not willing to reconcile this situation, so he waged war on the House of Lancaster. Hence,the Wars of the Roses broke out.Because the first war of St. Albans Duke of York Richard was predominant in military, he argued greatly with the House of Lancaster about whether he or Henry Ⅵ’s son Prince Edward could inherit the throne. Queen Margaret of Anjou wanted to ensure his son’s throne, and then she persuaded his husband Henry Ⅵto terminate Duke of York’s position.However, Henry Ⅵdidn’t anticipate that he was captured in1460. In order to save Henry Ⅵ, Queen Margaret of Anjou waged a battle to killed Duke of York, and then she suspended the head of Duke of York in the gate of York Country. But soon she was defeated by Duke of York’s son Edward Ⅳ.With “King’s Maker”1st Earl of Warwick Richard Neville’s help, Edward Ⅳtook the throne and became the first king of York Dynasty.In 1470, Earl of Warwick helped Henry Ⅵtake back his own throne as a result of conflicting with Edward Ⅳ. But in the next year, Edward Ⅳbeat Henry Ⅵand killed Henry Ⅵ. Queen Margaret of Anjou was imprisoned until her father Louis XI ransomed her in 1475. Edward Ⅳwas a excellent emperor and he held the throne until he passed away in 1483.Yet his younger brother Richard Ⅲusurped the throne as soon as Edward Ⅳdied. Richard Ⅲjust held the throne for two years because he got killed by Henry Tudor in the last war of 1485. Henry Tudor was the final winner in the Wars of the Roses. With the purpose of consolidating power, he married Edward Ⅳ’s daughter Elizabeth , holding the throne and becoming the Henry Ⅶ. That meant Wars of Roses was over, and TudorDynasty, a new dynasty, was coming.From the Wars of the Roses feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened and discredited. Hence, the king’s power became supreme.。
the Hundred Years’War
2 .The War’s Effect to France and Its People
A.From 1380 to 1415, France was in prolonged instability and its industry and commerce decli：
The Battle of Sluys (1340) The Battle of Cré cy and took Calais (1346) The Battle of Neville's Cross(1346)
2. The Black Death (1348-1356)
for the feudal
territories.
over succession to the
French throne.
Process
1337-1360 Phase1
1429-1453
Phase4
Phase2
1360-1400
Phase3
1415-1429
The First Phase（阶段）（1337-1360）
B. The war stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it awakened French nationalism.
C.The Hundred Years’ War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state.
1. A. France was under domestic contradiction (1415-1429) B. Agincourt Battle (阿尔库金战 役) (1415) 2. The Treaty of Troyes(特鲁瓦条 约): France became a part of the British in law (1420) 3.A.Charlie Ⅵ and Henry V died in1422 →struggle for the throne increased B. To France: a war of national liberation war (1428)
battle造句
battle造句1、Exports have become increasingly important to wineries as they battle a global wine glut.性的葡萄酒供应过剩问题。
2、Grunt: a great battle took place here. The clay is red with fresh blood.大g：这里刚刚发生过一场激烈的战斗。
这些泥土都被鲜血染红了。
3、The South had won the battle of Chancellorsville. Robert e. Lee was sure of that.南方(同盟)已经赢得了强斯洛丝维尔的战役了，罗伯特e·很肯定这一点。
4、In 1944, the World War Two Battle of Leyte Gulf began. 1944年的今天，二战莱特岛海湾战役爆发。
5、They have signed up for the battle against AIDS.他们已加入到与艾滋病抗争的斗争中。
6、She stood still as a mother seeing off the son heading to the battle field.她笔直地站着，如同一位送子出征的母亲。
7、My old master-at-arms told me, "Never go to battle naked." 我以前的长官告诉我：“千万别毫无准备就上战场。
”8、Battle of Guadalcanal Island瓜达尔卡纳尔岛战役9、Recently Kuala Lumper beat Chicago in a battle of skyscrapers.最近吉隆坡在一场摩天大楼的争霸战中击败了芝加哥。
10、This battle is between you and me.这是你和我之间的战斗。
the war epic the battle at lak
the war epic the battle at lakThe war epic The Battle at Lake Changjin，one of the mo st expensive films ever made in China，shot to the top of t he weeklong National Day holiday box office，promoting the domestic film market to rebound （反弹） after being inacti ve for more than two months.With three outstanding directors—Chen Kaige，Hark Tsui and Dante Lam—the 176-minute-long film follows Chinese Peo ple's Volunteers（CPV） who joined the battle，which turned the tide of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea （1950-1953）.With the number of cast and crew reaching an unpreceden ted scale of more than 12，000，the movie recreates the cru el conflict on the Korean Peninsula（朝鲜半岛）amid the ext remely cold winter of 1950，when temperatures lowered to th e level in 50 years.The movie's production involved more th an 80 visual-effects companies domestically and abroad，wit h the script being revised 37 times.Breaking over 10 record s，the movie has raked in around 2 billion yuan（﹩310 mill ion） since its opening on Sept 30.It accounted for around 75 percent of total holiday income，which had reached 2.67billion yuan as of Monday，according to the movie informati on tracker Beacon.The film has also collected millions of r eviews and click son several of the country's most popular social media platforms，including We ibo and Douy in，with most com men ters praising the moving tale and saying it st imulates their national pride，making them want to show the ir respect for the CPV heroes who sacrificed their lives.So me netizens said the film reminds them，amid the current Ch ina-US tension，to cherish today's peaceful life.Most analysts said the movies' commercial success has l ived up to the industry's estimation，giving cinema operato rs a sign of revival. "With a lot of details to recreate hi storical reality，The Battle at Lake Changjin has raised th e bar for Chinese war films to a new high level，signaling the progress that the domestic industry has achieved，" sai d Rao Shuguang，president of the China Film Critics Associa tion.But compared with the same period in previous years，th e shortage of appealing，medium-budget films has reduced th e variety of genres（体裁），which will not be good for the long-term development of the Chinese film industry，Rao add ed.（1）What can we infer from the first two paragraphs？A.The CPV joining the battle turned the situation of th e war.B.Domestic film market has been increasing for two mont hs.C.The film's success largely relies on three famous dir ectors.D.The film The Battle at Lake Changjin is the longest o ne in China.（2）Which of the following words best describe the pre paration of the film？A.Detailed and demanding.B.Significant and well-paidC.Dangerous and adventurous.D.Breathtaking and complicated.（3）What is the influence of the movie？A.It causes the current China-US tension.B.It raises national pride among the netizens.C.It has collected 300 million yuan to help CPV.D.It is praised by over 75 percent of the viewers.（4）What message does the report convey？A.Devotion of people requires enthusiasm.B.The domestic market experienced ups and downs.C.Movie market rebounds but still faces problems.D.Strong-willed Chinese people can reach their goals.解答(1) A.推理判断题。
1944凸出部战役英文原版
1944凸出部战役英文原版Battle of the Bulge: The Epic Struggle in the Ardennes, 1944。
The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive or Operation Von Rundstedt, was a major offensive launched by Nazi Germany against the Allied forces in the Western Front during the waning days of World War II. The battle took place from December 16, 1944, to January 25, 1945, in the Ardennes region of Belgium, and was one of the largest and most intense battles fought by the Allies during the war.The offensive was launched with the aim of breaking through the Allied line and splitting their forces in two, in order to capture the port city of Antwerp and encircle four Allied armies. If successful, this operation would have allowed the Germans to negotiate with the Allies on more favorable terms, while also freeing up significant resources to be redirected towards the Eastern Front, wherethe Soviets were making significant progress.The Germans had planned the offensive with extreme secrecy, and despite intelligence warnings from the Ultra organization and the U.S. Third Army, the Allies were caught off guard by the attack. The Germans were able to make significant gains in the initial stages of the offensive, pushing the Allies back and capturing key positions. However, the Allies quickly rallied and began to push the Germans back, eventually regaining most of thelost territory.The battle was a brutal and bloody struggle, with both sides suffering significant casualties. The Americans, in particular, suffered heavy losses in the early stages of the battle, with entire units being overrun and captured. However, the Allies were able to mount a counterattack and gradually push the Germans back, eventually taking control of the offensive again.The Battle of the Bulge was a crucial turning point in the war, marking the end of Germany's offensivecapabilities on the Western Front. Although the Germans were able to cause significant damage and delay the Allied advance, they were unable to achieve their ultimate objectives. The Allies, on the other hand, were able to demonstrate their resilience and determination, and eventually pushed the Germans back to their original positions.The battle also marked a significant turning point in the war's momentum, with the Allies now on the offensive and the Germans on the defensive. The Allies would go on to liberate Paris and push the Germans back to their borders, eventually forcing them to surrender in May 1945.In conclusion, the Battle of the Bulge was one of the most significant and intense battles fought by the Allies during World War II. It was a brutal and bloody struggle that tested the mettle of both sides, but ultimately resulted in a victory for the Allies that marked a crucial turning point in the war's momentum. The battle remains a significant part of military history and a testament to the resilience and determination of the Allied forces.。
阿金库尔战役 英文
The Battle of Agincourt[a] was a major English victory against a numerically superior French army in the Hundred Years' War. The battle occurred on Friday 25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin's Day, November 3. NS), in northern France.[6][b]Henry V's victory had a crippling effect on France and started a new period in the war, during which Henry married the French king's daughter and his son was made heir to the throne of France. However, his battlefield successes were not capitalised on by his heir, Henry VI.Henry V led his troops into battle and participated in hand-to-hand fighting. The French king of the time, Charles VI, did not command the French army himself as he suffered from severe, repeating illnesses and moderate mental incapacitation. Instead, the Frenchwere commanded by Constable Charlesd'Albret and various prominent French noblemen of the Armagnac party.The battle is notable for the use of the English longbow, which Henry used in very large numbers, with English and Welsh longbowmen forming most of his army. The battle is also the centrepiece of the play Henry V, by William Shakespeare.Contents[hide]∙ 1 Campaign∙ 2 Battleo 2.1 Situationo 2.2 Terraino 2.3 Fighting▪ 2.3.1 Opening moves▪ 2.3.2 The French cavalryattack▪ 2.3.3 The main French assault▪ 2.3.4 The attack on theEnglish baggage train▪ 2.3.5 Henry orders thekilling of the prisoners o 2.4 Aftermatho 2.5 Notable casualties∙ 3 Numbers at Agincourt∙ 4 Fictional accountso 4.1 Shakespeare's Henry Vo 4.2 Historical fictiono 4.3 Other theatricalo 4.4 Science fiction and fantasy ∙ 5 See also∙ 6 Noteso 6.1 Footnoteso 6.2 Citations∙7 Referenceso7.1 Bookso7.2 Articleso7.3 Other8 External links[edit] CampaignMain article: Hundred Years WarHenry V invaded France following the failure of negotiations with the French. He claimed the title of King of France through his great-grandfather Edward III, although in practice the English kings were generally prepared to renounce this claim if the French would acknowledge the English claim on Aquitaine and other French lands (the terms of the Treaty of Bretigny).[7] He initially called a great council in the spring of 1414 to discuss going to war with France, but the lords insisted that he should negotiate further and moderate his claims. In the following negotiations Henry said that he would give up his claim to the French throneif the French would pay the 1.6 million crowns outstanding from the ransom of John II (who had been captured at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356), and concede English ownership of the lands of Normandy, Touraine, Anjou, Brittany and Flanders, as well as Aquitaine. Henry would marry Princess Catherine, the young daughter of Charles VI, and receive a dowry of 2 million crowns. The French responded with what they considered the generous terms of marriage with Princess Catherine, a dowry of 600,000 crowns, and an enlarged Aquitaine. By 1415 negotiations had ground to a halt, with the English claiming that the French had mocked their claims and ridiculed Henry himself.[8]In December 1414, the English parliament was persuaded to grant Henry a "double subsidy", a tax at twice the traditional rate, to recover hisinheritance from the French. On 19 April 1415, Henry again asked the great council to sanction war with France, and this time they agreed.[9]Henry's army landed in northern France on 13 August 1415 and besieged the port of Harfleur with an army of about 12,000. The siege took longer than expected. The town surrendered on 22 September, and the English army did not leave until 8 October. The campaign season was coming to an end, and the English army had suffered many casualties through disease. Henry decided to move most of his army (roughly 9,000) to the port of Calais, the English stronghold in northern France, where they couldre-equip over the winter.The French had raised an army during the siege which assembled around Rouen. This was not strictly a feudal army, but anarmy paid through a system similar to the English. The French hoped to raise 9,000 troops, but the army was not ready in time to relieve Harfleur. After Henry V marched to the north the French moved to blockade them along the River Somme. They were successful for a time, forcing Henry to move south, away from Calais, to find a ford. The English finally crossed the Somme south of Péronne, at Béthenco urt and Voyennes[10][11] and resumed marching north. Without the river protection, the French were hesitant to force a battle. They shadowed Henry's army while calling a semonce des nobles, calling on local nobles to join the army. By 24 October both armies faced each other for battle, but the French declined, hoping for the arrival of more troops. The next day the French initiated negotiations as a delaying tactic, but Henry ordered hisarmy to advance and to start a battle that, given the state of his army, he would have preferred to avoid. The English had very little food, had marched 260 miles in two-and-a-half weeks, were suffering from sickness such as dysentery, and faced much larger numbers of well equipped French men at arms. Henry needed to get to the safety of Calais and knew that if he waited, the French would gain yet more reinforcements.[edit] Battle[edit] SituationThe battle was fought in the narrow strip of open land formed between the woods of Tramecourt and Agincourt (close to the modern village of Azincourt). The French army was positioned at the northern exit so as to bar the way to Calais. The twoarmies spent the night of 24 October on open ground.The battle of AgincourtEarly on the 25th, Henry deployed his army (approximately 1,500 men-at-arms and 7,000 longbowmen) across a 750-yard part of the defile. The army was organised into three "battles" or divisions, the vanguard led by the Duke of York, the main battle led by Henry himself and the rearguard, led by Lord Camoys. In addition, Sir Thomas Erpingham, one of Henry's mostexperienced household knights, had a role in marshalling the archers.[12]It is likely that the English adopted their usual battle line of longbowmen on either flank, men-at-arms and knights in the centre. They may also have deployed some archers in the centre of the line. The English men-at-arms in plate and mail were placed shoulder to shoulder four deep. The English and Welsh archers on the flanks drove pointed wooden stakes into the ground at an angle to force cavalry to veer off. This use of stakes may have been inspired by the Battle of Nicopolis of 1398, where forces of the Ottoman Empire used the tactic against French cavalry.[13]One English account describes the day before the battle as a day of remorse in which the English soldiers cleansed themselves of their sins to avoid Hellif they died. French accounts state that Henry V gave a speech before the battle reassuring his nobles that, if the French prevailed, the English nobles would be spared, to be captured and ransomed; the common soldiers, however, would have no such luck, and he told them that they had better fight for their lives.By contrast, the French were confident that they would prevail and were eager to fight. The French believed they would triumph over the English not only because their force was larger, fresher, and better equipped, but also because the large number of noble men-at-arms would have considered themselves superior to the large number of archers in the English army, who the French (based on their experience in living memory of using and facing archers)considered relatively insignificant. The chronicler Edmond de Dyntner stated that there were "ten French nobles against one English", ignoring the archers completely.[14]The French were arrayed in three lines or "battles". The first line was led by Constable D'Albret, Marshal Boucicault, and the Dukes of Orléans and Bourbon, with attached cavalry wings under the Count of Vendôme and Sir Clignet de Brebant. The second line was commanded by the Dukes of Bar and Alençon and the Count of Nevers. The third line was under the Counts of Dammartin and Fauconberg.[15]The Burgundian chronicler, Jehan de Waurin, writes that there were 8,000 men-at-arms, 4,000 archers and 1,500 crossbowmen in the vanguard, with two wings of 600 and 800 mountedmen-at-arms, and the main battle having"as many knights, esquires and archers as in the vanguard", with the rearguard containing "all of the rest of themen-at-arms".[16]The Herald of Berry uses somewhat different figures of 4,800 men-at-arms in the first line, 3,000 men in the second line, with two "wings" containing 600 mounted men-at-arms each, and a total of "10,000 men-at-arms",[17] but does not mention a third line.Approximately 8,000 of the heavily armoured French men-at-arms fought on foot, and needed to close the distance to the English army to engage them in hand-to-hand fighting. If they could close the distance, however, they outnumbered the English men-at-arms by more than 5-to-1, and the English longbowmen would not be able to shoot into a mêlée without risking hitting their own troops. Many of the Frenchmen-at-arms had fathers and grandfathers who had been humiliated in previous battles such as Crécy and Poitiers, and the French nobility were determined to get revenge. Several French accounts emphasise that the French leaders were so eager to defeat the English (and win the ransoms of the English men-at-arms) that they insisted on being in the first line. For example: "All the lords wanted to be in the vanguard, against the opinion of the constable and the experienced knights".[18]There appear to have been thousands of troops in the rearguard, containing servants and commoners whom the French were either unable or unwilling to deploy. De Waurin gives the total French army size as 50,000. He says: "They had plenty of archers and crossbowmen butnobody wanted to let them fire [sic]. The reason for this was that the site was so narrow that there was only enough room for the men-at-arms."[19] Most of the rearguard played little part in the battle, with English and French accounts agreeing that many of the French army fled after seeing so many French nobles killed and captured in the fighting.[edit] TerrainThe field of battle was arguably the most significant factor in deciding the outcome. The recently ploughed land hemmed in by dense woodland favoured the English, both because of its narrowness, and because of the thick mud through which the French knights had to walk.[20][21] An analysis by Battlefield Detectives has looked at the crowd dynamics of the battlefield.[22]The 1,000–1,500 English men-at-arms are described as shoulder toshoulder and four deep, which implies a tight line about 250–300 men long (perhaps split in two by a central group of archers). The remainder of the field would have been filled with the longbowmen behind their palings. The French first line contained men-at-arms who had no way to outflank the English line. The French, divided into the three battles, one behind the other at their initial starting position, could not bring all their forces to bear: the initial engagement was between the English army and the first battle line of the French. When the second French battle line started their advance, the soldiers were pushed closer together and their effectiveness was reduced. Casualties in the front line from longbow arrows would also have increased the congestion, as the following men would have to walk around the fallen. TheBattlefield Detectives episode states that when the density reached four men per square metre, soldiers would not even be able to take full steps forward, lowering the speed of the advance by 70%.[22] Accounts of the battle describe the French engaging the Englishmen-at-arms before being rushed from the sides by the longbowmen as the mêlée developed. The English account in the Gesta Henrici says: "For when some of them, killed when battle was first joined, fall at the front, so great was the undisciplined violence and pressure of the mass of men behind them that the living fell on top of the dead, and others falling on top of the living were killed as well". Although the French initially pushed the English back, they became so closely packed that they are described as having trouble using their weapons properly. The French monk of St.Denis says: "Their vanguard, composed of about 5,000 men, found itself at first so tightly packed that those who were in the third rank could scarcely use their swords",[23] and the Burgundian sources have a similar passage. In practice there was not enough room for all these men to fight, and they were unable to respond effectively when the English longbowmen joined the hand-to-hand fighting. By the time the second French line arrived, for a total of about eight thousand men (depending on the source), the crush would have been even worse. The press of men arriving from behind actually hindered those fighting at the front.As the battle was fought on a recently ploughed field, and there had recently been heavy rain leaving it very muddy, it proved very tiring to walk through infull plate armour. The French monk of St. Denis describes the French troops as "marching through the middle of the mud where they sank up to their knees. So they were already overcome with fatigue even before they advanced against the enemy". The deep, soft mud particularly favoured the English force because, once knocked to the ground, the heavily armoured French knights had a hard time getting back up to fight in the mêlée. Barker (2005) states that several knights, encumbered by their armour, actually drowned in it. Their limited mobility made them easy targets for the volleys from the English archers. The mud also increased the ability of the much more lightly armoured English archers to join in hand-to-hand fighting against the French men-at-arms.[edit] Fighting[edit] Opening movesMorning of the Battle of Agincourt, 25th October 1415, painted by Sir John GilbertOn the morning of 25 October the French were still waiting for additional troops to arrive. The Duke of Brabant (about 2,000 men),[24] the Duke of Anjou (about 600 men),[25] and the Duke of Brittany (6,000 men, according to Montstrelet),[26] were all marching to join the army. This left the French with a question of whether or not to advance towards the English.For three hours after sunrise there was no fighting. Military textbooks of the time stated "Everywhere and on alloccasions that foot soldiers march against their enemy face to face, those who march lose and those who remain standing still and holding firm win".[27] On top of this, the French were expecting thousands of men to join them if they waited. They were blocking Henry's retreat, and were perfectly happy to wait for as long as it took. There had even been a suggestion that the English would run away rather than give battle when they saw that they would be fighting so many French princes.[28] Henry's men, on the other hand, were already very weary from hunger, illness and marching. Even though he knew as well as the French did that his army would perform better on the defensive, Henry was eventually forced to take a calculated risk, and move his army further forward to start the battle.[29]This entailed pulling out the long stakes pointed outwards towardthe enemy which protected the longbowmen, and abandoning his chosen position. (The use of stakes was an innovation for the English: during the Battle of Crécy, for example, the archers were instead protected by pits and other obstacles.) If the French cavalry had charged before the stakes had been hammered back in, the result would probably have been disastrous for the English, as it was at the Battle of Patay. However, the French seem to have been caught off guard by the English advance. The tightness of the terrain also seems to have restricted the planned deployment of their forces.A battle plan had originally been drawn up which had archers and crossbowmen in front of the men-at-arms, with a cavalry force at the rear specifically designed to "fall upon the archers, and use their force to break them,"[30]but in the event, the archers and crossbowmen weredeployed behind and to the sides of the men-at-arms (where they seem to have played almost no part, except possibly for an initial volley of arrows at the start of the battle). The cavalry force, which could have devastated the English line if it had attacked while they moved their position, seems to have charged only after the initial volley of arrows from the English. It is unclear whether this is because the French were hoping the English would launch a frontal assault (and were surprised when the English instead started shooting from their new defensive position), or whether the French mounted knights simply did not react fast enough to the English advance. French chroniclers agree that when the mounted charge did come, it did not contain as many men as it should have; Gilles le Bouvier states that some had wandered off to warmthemselves and others were walking or feeding their horses.[31]In any case, within extreme bowshot from the French line (approximately 300 yards), the longbowmen dug in their stakes and then opened the engagement with a barrage of arrows.[edit] The French cavalry attackThe French cavalry, despite being somewhat disorganised and not at full numbers, charged the longbowmen, but it was a disaster, with the French knights unable to outflank the longbowmen (because of the encroaching woodland) and unable to charge through the palings that protected the archers. John Keegan argues that the longbows' main influence on the battle was at this point: armoured only on the head, many horses would have become dangerously out of control when struck in the back or flank from thehigh-elevation shots used as the charge started.[32] The effect of the mounted charge and then retreat was further to churn up the mud the French had to cross to reach the English. Juliet Barker quotes a contemporary account by a monk of St. Denis who reports how the panicking horses also galloped back through the advancing infantry, scattering them and trampling them down in their headlong flight.[33] The Burgundian sources similarly say that the mounted men-at-arms retreated back into the advancing French vanguard.[edit] The main French assaultThe constable himself led the attack of the dismounted French men-at-arms. French accounts describe their vanguard alone as containing about 5,000men-at-arms, which would have outnumbered the English men-at-arms bymore than 3 to 1, but before they could engage in hand-to-hand fighting they had to cross the muddy field under a bombardment of arrows.The plate armour of the Frenchmen-at-arms allowed them to close the 300 yards or so to the English lines while being under what the French monk of Saint Denis described as "a terrifying hail of arrow shot". However they had to lower their visors and bend their heads to avoid being shot in the face (the eye and airholes in their helmets were among the weakest points in the armour), which restricted both their breathing and their vision, and then they had to walk a few hundred yards through thick mud, wearing armour weighing 50–60 pounds.[34]King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt, 1415, by Sir John GilbertThe French men-at-arms reached the English line and actually pushed it back, with the longbowmen continuing to shoot until they ran out of arrows and then dropping their bows and joining themêlée, implying that the French were able to walk through a hail of tens of thousands of arrows while taking comparatively few casualties. But the physical pounding even fromnon-penetrating arrows, combined with the slog in heavy armour through the mud, the heat and lack of oxygen in plate armour with the visor down, and the crush of their numbers meant they could "scarcely lift their weapons" when they finally engaged the English line.When the English archers, using hatchets, swords and other weapons, attacked the now disordered and fatigued French, the French could not cope with their unarmoured assailants (who were much less hindered by the mud). The exhausted French men-at-arms are described as having been knocked to the ground and then unable to get back up. As the mêlée developed, the French second line also joined the attack, but they too were swallowed up, with the narrow terrain meaning the extra numbers could not be used effectively, and Frenchmen-at-arms were taken prisoner or killed in their thousands. The fighting lasted about three hours, but eventually the leaders of the second line were killed or captured, as those of the first line had been. The English Gesta Henrici describes three great heaps of the slain around the three main English standards.According to contemporary English accounts, Henry was directly involved in the hand-to-hand fighting. Upon hearing that his youngest brother Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester had been wounded in the groin, Henry took his household guard and stood over his brother, in the front rank of the fighting, until Humphrey could be dragged to safety; the king received an axe blow to the head which knocked off a piece of the crown which formed part of his helmet.[35][edit] The attack on the English baggage trainThe only French success was an attack on the lightly protected English baggage train, with Ysembart d'Azincourt (leading a small number of men-at-arms and varlets plus about 600 peasants) seizing some of Henry's personal treasures, including a crown.[36]Whetherthis was part of a deliberate French plan or an act of local brigandage is unclear from the sources. Certainly,d'Azincourt was a local knight but he may have been chosen to lead the attack because of his local knowledge and the lack of availability of a more senior soldier.[37] In some accounts the attack happened towards the end of the battle, and led the English to think they were being attacked from the rear. Barker, following the Gesta Henrici, believed to have been written by an English chaplain who was actually in the baggage train, concludes that the attack happened at the start of the battle.[37][edit] Henry orders the killing of the prisonersRegardless of when the baggage assault happened, there was definitely a point after the initial English victory whereHenry became alarmed that the French were regrouping for another attack. The Gesta Henrici puts this after the English had overcome the onslaught of the French men-at-arms, and the weary English troops were eyeing the French rearguard ("in incomparable number and still fresh"). Le Fevre and Waurin similarly say that it was signs of the French rearguard regrouping and "marching forward in battle order" which made the English think they were still in danger.In any event, Henry ordered the slaughter of what was perhaps several thousand French prisoners, with only the most illustrious being spared. His fear was that they would rearm themselves with the weapons strewn upon the field, and the exhausted English would be overwhelmed. Though ruthless, it wasarguably justifiable given thesituation of the battle; perhaps surprisingly, even the French chroniclers do not criticise him for this.[38]This marked the end of the battle, as the French rearguard, having seen so many of the French nobility captured and killed, fled the battlefield.[edit] AftermathDue to a lack of reliable sources it is impossible to give a precise figure for the French and English casualties. However, it is clear that though the English were outnumbered, their losses were far lower than those of the French. The French sources all give4,000–10,000 French dead, with up to 1,600 English dead. The lowest ratio in these French sources has the French losing six times more dead than the English. The English sources varybetween about 1,500 and 11,000 for the French dead, with English dead put at no more than 100.[39]Barker identifies from the available records "at least" 112 Englishmen who died in the fighting (including Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, a grandson of Edward III), but this excludes the wounded. One widely used estimate puts the English casualties at 450, not an insignificant number in an army of about 8,500, but far less than the thousands the French lost, nearly all of whom were killed or captured. Using the lowest French estimate of their own dead of 4,000 would imply a ratio of nearly 9 to 1 in favour of the English, or over 10 to 1 if the prisoners are included.The French suffered heavily. Three dukes, at least eight counts, a viscount and an archbishop died, along with numerousother nobles. Of the great royal office holders, France lost her Constable, Admiral, Master of the Crossbowmen and prévôt of the marshals.[40]The baillis of nine major northern towns were killed, often along with their sons, relatives and supporters. In the words of Juliet Barker, the battle "cut a great swath through the natural leaders of French society in Artois, Ponthieu, Normandy, Picardy." [41] Estimates of the number of prisoners vary between 700 and 2,200, amongst them the Duke of Orléans (the famous poet Charles d'Orléans) and Jean Le Maingre(known as Boucicault) Marshal of France.[42]Almost all these prisoners would have been nobles, as the less valuable prisoners were slaughtered.Although the victory had been militarily decisive, its impact was complex. It did not lead to further English conquestsimmediately as Henry's priority was to return to England, which he did on 16 November, to be received in triumph in London on the 23rd.[43] Henry returned a conquering hero, in the eyes of his subjects and European powers outside of France, blessed by God. It established the legitimacy of the Lancastrian monarchy and the future campaigns of Henry to pursue his "rights and privileges" in France.[44]Other benefits to the English were longer term. Very quickly after the battle, the fragile truce between the Armagnac and Burgundian factions broke down. The brunt of the battle had fallen on the Armagnacs and it was they who suffered the majority of senior casualties and carried the blame for the defeat. The Burgundians seized on the opportunity and within 10 days of the battle had mustered their armies and marched onParis.[45] This lack of unity in France would allow Henry eighteen months to prepare militarily and politically for a renewed campaign. When that campaign took place, it was made easier by the damage done to the political and military structures of Normandy by the battle.[46]It took several years' more campaigning, but Henry was eventually able to fulfil all his objectives. He was recognised by the French in the Treaty of Troyes(1420) as the regent and heir to the French throne. This was cemented by his marriage to Catherine of Valois, the daughter of King Charles VI.[edit] Notable casualtiesNotable casualties included:[47]Antoine of Burgundy, Duke of Brabant and Limburg (b. 1384)∙Philip of Burgundy, Count of Nevers and Rethel (b. 1389)∙Charles I d'Albret, Count of Dreux, the Constable of France∙John II, Count of Bethune (b. 1359) ∙George Edward Stewart III, Lord of Shetland (b. 1395)∙John I, Duke of Alençon (b. 1385) ∙Frederick of Lorraine, Count of Vaudemont (b. 1371)∙Robert, Count of Marles and Soissons ∙Edward III of Bar (the Duchy of Bar lost its independence as a consequence of his death)∙John VI, Count of Roucy∙Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (b. 1373)∙Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk∙Jean I de Croÿ and two of his sons ∙Waleran III of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny。
英国和法国之间的战争(the war between Britain and France)
英国和法国之间的战争(the war between Britain andFrance)in the late eighteenth entur, battles raged in alst ever rner f eurpe, as ell as in the iddle east, suth afria ,the est indies, and latin aeria in realit, hever, there as nl ne ar ar during this tie, the ar beteen britain and frane all ther battles ere anillar t this larger nflit, and ere ften at least partiall related t its antagnist’ gals and strategies frane sught ttal dinatin f eurpe this gal as bstruted b british independene and britain’s effrts thrughu t the ntinent t thart naplen; thrugh treaties britain built alitins (nt dissiilar in nept t tda’s nat) guaranteeing british partiipatin in all ar eurpean nflits these t antagnists ere prl athed, insfar as the had ver unequal strengths; frane as predinant n land, britain at sea the frenh ne that, shrt f defeating the british nav, their nl hpe f vitr as t lse all the prts f eurpe t british ships ardingl, frane set ut t vere britain b extending its ilitar dinatin fr s t lisbn, fr utland t alabria all f this entailed treendus ris, beause frane did nt have the ilitar resures t ntrl this uh territr and still prtet itself and aintain rder at he frenh strategists alulated that a nav f 10 ships uld prvide the fre neessar t defeat the british nav suh a fre uld give frane a three-t-t advantage ver britainthis advantage as deeed neessar beause f britain’s superir sea sills and tehnlg beause f britain’s superir sea sills and tehnlg, and als beause britain uld be fighting a defensive ar, alling it t in ith feer fres naplennever lst substantial ipedient t his ntrl f eurpe as his fre neared that gal, naplen gre inreasingl ipatient and began planning an iediate atta。
the war of 1812
• The Siege of Fort Meigs: The Northwest (May of 1813) Invasion of Sacket's Harbour: Central (May 29, 1813) Battle of Lake Erie: Central (September 10, 1813) The Battle of Moraviantown (The Battle of the Thames): The Northwest (Oct. 5, 1813) The Battle of Chateauguay: The Northeast (October 26, 1813) The Battle of Chrysler’s Farm: The NorthEast (November 10, 1813) The Battle of Lacolle Mill: The Northeast (March 30, 1814) The Road to Lundy’s Lane: Niagara Campaign of 1814 (July of 1814) Battle of Lundy’s Lane: Niagara Campaign 1814 (July 25, 1814) The British in Chesapeake Bay: The Washington Campaign (Aug.-Sept. of 1814) The Battle of Plattsburg Bay: The Northeast (September 11, 1814) The Treaty of Ghent: The Northeast (December 24, 1814) The Battle of New Orleans: The South (January 8, 1815)
Unit8-复旦曾道明研究生综合英语(1)(修订版)
Unit 8 The Business World as a Hunting Ground
shipping bound for Britain. In April 1940 Germany occupied several Norwegian ports and all of Denmark. On May 10 the major German offensive in the west began with a lightning weep through the Netherlands and Belgium into France; by June 22 three-fifths of France, including Paris, was occupied, and the rest had become a neutral state with its government at Vichy. During August-September the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) launched massive bombing raids on Great Britain in an attempt to soften it up for a cross-Channel invasion. The Battle of Britain was won by the Royal Air Force, however, and Hitler postponed the invasion indefinitely.
marries?
Unit 8 The Business World as a Hunting Ground
Additional lnformation for the Teacher’s Reference
The-Trojan-War-特洛伊战争
• Hector was killed by Achilles at last. After a missed spear-throw, facing Achilles, Hector says, “Alas! The gods have lured me on to my destruction. ... death is now indeed exceedingly near at hand and there is no way out of it-for so Zeus and his son Apollo the far-darter have willed it, though heretofore they have been ever ready to protect me. My doom has come upon me; let me not then die ingloriously and without a struggle, but let me first do some great thing that shall be told among men hereafter.” His death was so moving and tragic. He was a so elevated and respectable person that people would always sing the praises of him.
Paris that he can marry the most beautiful woman in
the world. That caused a quarrel between Hera,
Athena and Aphrodite. Paris then went to Sparta and
第二次世界大战-太平洋战场
Pearl Harbor — Japanese Plans
偷袭珍珠港海军上将山本五十六设想： 巨大的风险 - 美国肯定会参战。 更大的潜在收益 - 美国太平洋舰队会被击败的战争。 日本随后将在中国和太平洋地区巩固成果。 美国可能同意日本的领土收益讲和。 美国很有可能介入欧洲。 将从耗尽美国海军资源。 美国大西洋舰队已经参与了对U艇护航。
Battle of Midway
Mitsubishi A6M “Zero”
TBD-1 Devastator Torpedo Bombers
USS Yorktown (CV 5)
SBD-3 Dauntless Dive Bombers
F4F Wildcats
USS Enterprise (CV 6)
PBY “卡特里娜”
Scout
U.S. Submarine Force
U.S. Submarine Warfare
同时推进，美国进行的商业战争
无限制潜艇战在珍珠港事件后马上下令- 美国潜艇的新 角色
早期的操作问题 - 1942-43： 不可靠的鱼雷 - 设计不好的磁场引信。 许多指挥官都过于谨慎。
香港沦陷 - 1941年12月25日 泰国，菲律宾，婆罗洲被入侵1942年12月
新加坡 沦陷- 1942年2月15日
进一步的攻击？ 西南太平洋：新几内亚和澳大利亚 环太平洋和北太平洋：中途岛和阿留申群岛
Continued Japanese Advance
缅甸沦陷
Fighter
F2A “水牛”
Fighter
F4F “野猫”
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The war in Leyte Gulf
The war is between the USA and Japan. It was the biggest naval battle in World War II.
American Pacific Fleet (美国太平洋舰队)
Japanese United Fleet (日本联合舰队)
the war of Engaño, C.
After fighting a night, one of the best Japanese fleet attacted a American fleet to Engaño, C. Then Americans used their planes to attack Japanese ships. After 5 times of assaults(进攻), three Japanese carriers sank. So Japanese lost their best fleet in this war and after another big war, Japanese United Fleet almost lost all their power.
After the war
After this war, Japanese sea service almost disappeared. Then American landed in the Philippine and then Japanese lost everything in the Pacific War. Chinese and American could attack Japan Island easily.
Some pictures of ships in the war
But this wasn't the best ship of American but it hit the best ship of Japanese. We can see that Japanese was TOO he biggest and best American ship, Intrepid(无畏号航空母舰), it was also the ship where Japanese surrendered(投降). So it was one of the most important ships in the Pacific War.
The war was between October 20th and October 26th in 1944.
Because a lot of Japanese were fighting in Taiwan, so they didn't have a lot of soldiers. Of course, they lost this important war.
First of all, the war started at night. Because it's so dark, both Americans and Japanese couldn't see clearly. cannonball(炮弹)
Stupid Japanese
First, Japanese hit many American ships, but one of their stupid people used the spcial army in World War II called Kamikaze(神风特攻队), they used a lot of planes to crash American ships and they also made many Japanese boys to shoot at American ships. So they lost a lot of soldiers, and American won the war easily.