Kingsley Amis
关于邀请老师去剪纸艺术节的英语作文
关于邀请老师去剪纸艺术节的英语作文全文共5篇示例,供读者参考篇1An Origami AdventureHi Miss Miller! I have something really exciting to tell you. There's going to be an Origami Art Festival next month, and I think you absolutely have to go! Let me tell you all about it.Origami is the super cool Japanese art of paper folding. You take a flat sheet of paper and fold it into different shapes without using any scissors or glue. Just your hands and following the steps. It's kind of like magic! One minute it's a square piece of paper, and the next minute it's a beautiful crane, frog, or anything you can imagine.The Origami Art Festival celebrates all the amazing things you can create by folding paper. It's going to be held at the civic center downtown for three whole days - a Friday, Saturday and Sunday. There will be exhibitions, workshops, performances and even origami art for sale!The exhibitions are definitely going to be the highlight. They're going to have galleries full of the most mindblowingorigami sculptures and artworks made by famous origami artists from all over the world. I'm talking about life-sized animals, enormous hanging installations made from thousands of pieces of folded paper, and sculptures so tiny and detailed you'll need a magnifying glass to see them properly. It's going to be insane!I saw some photos online from previous festivals and my jaw just dropped. There was a massive T-Rex made out of folded green paper that looked like it was going to come to life and eat everyone. And there were these delicate paper flowers and trees that looked so real you could have sworn they were growing right out of the ground. The artists who make this stuff must have superpowers or something.But that's not even the best part! At the festival, they're going to have tons of origami workshops and classes taught by the master artists themselves. Can you imagine learning origami techniques directly from the people who folded those incredible sculptures? We could learn how to make ultra complex modular origami designs built from hundreds of individual folded pieces. Or mastering tricks to make paper look curved and sculpted instead of flat and angular. I bet even you would find it challenging, Miss Miller!There are going to be beginner classes too though, don't worry. I already know the basics like making paper cranes, boxes, puppets and ninja stars. But maybe we could take a class together and you could become an origami master like me! Wouldn't it be cool if we learned how to fold one of those crazy complex origami dragons or flowers? We could work on our origami skills at home and school after the festival.Besides the exhibitions and classes, the festival is also going to have live performances of origami dancing and storytelling. Yes, it's a real thing - people act out stories and dances just using folded paper props and backdrops! From what I've seen in videos it looks so whimsical and magical. Like watching a puppet show except everything is made of precisely folded origami paper.And of course, there will be an origami market too where you can buy all sorts of origami books, paper, supplies and artworks made by the exhibiting artists. I've already started saving up my allowance to get one of those intricate origami animal sculptures to put in my room. Maybe you could buy one for your classroom Miss Miller? Imagine having an awesome 3D origami decoration that we could say we saw being made at the festival!Oh and get this - there's even going to be an origami sculpture contest at the festival that anyone can enter! You have to make an original origami design and there are different categories for kids and adults. I'm already working on my entry - a superhero action figure folded entirely from a single square sheet of paper. If I win, I'll get to display my sculpture at the exhibition! How cool would that be?So what do you think, Miss Miller? Don't you think the Origami Art Festival sounds like the coolest event ever? You're an art teacher, so I just know you would absolutely love it. All the artists use such creative techniques and geometrical genius to transform a simple piece of paper into something extraordinary. It really is like sculpture and engineering combined into an art.I'm definitely going to go every single day of the festival. But it would be even more fun if you came too! We could take a workshop class together and learn some new origami models. You could show me your artistic skills and attention to detail. And maybe you'd get inspired to have an origami unit in our art class after attending the festival. Just imagine how fun it would be to learn origami from a teacher who got direct insight from the origami masters!What do you say, Miss Miller? Do you want to go on an origami adventure with me? Let me know if you need help buying tickets or anything. I've been looking forward to this festival for months and I really want my favorite art teacher to experience it too. It's going to be a total blast - I promise!Your Origami Buddy,[Your Name]篇2Dear Mrs. Thompson,You have to come to the big origami art festival at the community center this weekend! It's going to be so much fun. Origami is my favorite thing in the whole wide world. Well, besides recess and pizza day. But origami is definitely in my top three!I'll tell you all about origami and why you simply must come with me to the festival. Origami is the amazing Japanese art of folding paper into cool shapes and figures. It started in Japan a really really long time ago. Like, hundreds of years before you or me or anyone we know was even born!The super neat thing about origami is that you can make just about anything out of a simple sheet of paper just by folding it in clever ways. Origami artists are able to create mind-blowing sculptures with nothing more than some colored paper and their fingers. It's like magic!At the festival, there will be tons of amazing origami displays and even better - workshops where you can learn to make your own origami! Last year, I made a perfect origami water balloon in the shape of a bunny rabbit. I kept it on my nightstand all summer. Isn't that the cutest?The origami masters will be teaching how to fold all sorts of crazy designs. Origami is way harder than it looks. You have to be extremely precise with each fold and crease. But don't worry, the masters are really good teachers and make it easy to understand.There will be an area for making origami animals like dogs, cats, frogs, and even pandas! Can you believe you can fold a flat piece of paper into a panda? The people who create these designs must be geniuses.My personal favorite is the section on origami dragons and dinosaurs. Origami is awesome for making mythical creatures and prehistoric beasts. They have tables and tables filled withfolding guides for making terrifying T-Rexes, stegosauruses, and velociraptors. I'm going to make an entire origami Jurassic Pack to display in my room.The dragon section is always the most popular since Japanese dragons are the coolest. All the masters will be helping kids fold fierce paper dragons that look like they could breathe real fire if we wanted them to. I'm aiming to make a golden origami dragon that will be the prize of my collection.Of course, no origami festival would be complete without the chance to make origami weapons and martial arts stars. I can't wait to fold a whole origami arsenal of swords, shurikens, and nunchuks! Just don't accidentally step on any of them or it'll be very painful.There's even sections for making super complex origami models of buildings, vehicles, and famous monuments. Like a tiny paper replica of the Eiffel Tower or a dollhouse made out of cleverly folded sheets. It's mind-boggling what people can create from humble pieces of paper.The festival also has galleries displaying the most intricate and impressive origami artworks from around the world. You'll be stunned by the tremendous origami sculptures on display. Like life-size elephants, towering dragons, and pieces that seemto defy the laws of physics. True origami masters have folding skills that boggle the mind!At the end, there's even an origami battle where teams compete to fold the most creative and complex pieces in a time limit. We could form a classroom team and I could be the captain! Imagine if we won and got to show off our trophy to the whole school. That would be legendary.So you absolutely positively have to come with me to the origami art festival, Mrs. Thompson! We can enter the team battle and then you can help me fold the coolest origami dragons and dinosaurs. I'm already practicing my most complicated folds. This is an event you won't want to miss!Your Origami Pupil,Michael篇3An Exciting Invitation for Ms. LeeHi, my name is Emma and I'm in the 4th grade at Oakwood Elementary School. I have the most amazing teacher, Ms. Lee. She is the nicest, kindest, and funniest teacher ever! Not only isshe a great teacher who makes learning super fun, but she is also really good at the Japanese art of origami.What is origami you might ask? Well, it's the ancient art of paper folding to create incredible sculptures and designs out of just a single sheet of paper - no cuts, no glue, just folding! Ms. Lee can make the most unbelievable things out of paper through her origami skills.One day, she made a huge paper crane that was taller than me! It had beautifully patterned wings and could even flap them up and down. Another time, she folded a perfect 3D cube from just one sheet of origami paper. My personal favorite was the cute little paper puppy she crafted - it was so realistic and adorable.Ms. Lee's origami is so amazing that I think everyone in the whole world should get to see her creations. That's why I'm writing this essay - to invite the most talented origami folder I know to the big Origami Art Festival happening next month in our city!The Origami Art Festival is a special 3-day event where the world's best paper folders come together to showcase their skills and host fun workshops to teach origami. There are exhibits of the most mindblowing origami sculptures you've ever seen. Youcan watch live folding demonstrations by master origami artists. And there are tons of hands-on activities and classes for beginners to learn too.I went to the festival last year with my parents, and it was so cool! I got to make my own simple origami creations like a box, dog, and flower. I also saw the most insane origami displays, like a life-size elephant, a huge dragon that actually appeared to breathe fire, and ornate hanging Gardens folded from tiny pieces of paper woven together.This year, the Origami Art Festival is going to be even bigger and better than before. And I really, really want Ms. Lee to be a part of it and show everyone her incredible paper folding talents! She is so good at origami that she could definitely win one of the top prizes if she entered her sculptures. Plus, all the other master origami artists would be able to learn new techniques from her amazing skills.I've been practicing my persuasive writing techniques that Ms. Lee taught our class, so here are my top three reasons why she absolutely must attend the Origami Art Festival as an featured artist:Reason #1: Inspiration for OthersMs. Lee's origami is so advanced and her creations so lifelike, it would surely inspire many other paper folders - from novices to experts. Seeing her mindblowing sculptures would open people's eyes to the limitless possibilities of what can be crafted through the art of folding paper. Her pieces could motivate others to keep practicing and never give up until they too can create something as magnificent.Reason #2: Teaching OpportunitiesNot only is Ms. Lee a folding master, but she is also a brilliant teacher who makes learning fun and easy to understand. At the festival, she could lead workshops and classes to share her unique origami techniques and teaching methods. How awesome would it be for kids and adults alike to have the chance to learn the art of paper folding directly from such a talented expert? She could pass on her passion for origami to the next generation.Reason #3: Well-Deserved RecognitionMs. Lee works harder than anyone I know, always going above and beyond for her students and taking extra time to perfect her origami skills. However, she is also very humble and modest about her incredible paper creations. The festival would give her the recognition she deserves for being such anextraordinary origami artist and allow her talents to be celebrated on a big stage. If anyone should win accolades for their folding mastery, it's Ms. Lee!In conclusion, I really hope Ms. Lee will accept my invitation and decision to be a featured artist at this year's Origami Art Festival. It would mean so much to me and all of her students, past and present, for the world to be able to appreciate her mindblowing origami skills and for her to get the recognition she truly deserves. Not only that, but she could inspire so many others through her amazing creations and by sharing her passion for this traditional Japanese art form.Pretty please with origami on top, Ms. Lee? This festival was practically made for an origami master like you! I'll even make you a special origami sculpture myself to say thanks for being the best teacher ever if you accept my invitation. Thanks for considering!Your #1 Student,Emma篇4Dear Ms. Johnson,You won't believe how excited I am! There's going to be this super cool origami art festival in our town next month and I really, really want you to come with our class. Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding and it's so much fun!Last year, my big sister Lily took an origami class at the community center. She came home and taught me how to make different animals and objects just by folding a simple piece of paper in certain ways. It was like magic! I used to think origami was just those paper cranes you see in books. But it's so much more than that.First, Lily showed me how to make a jumping frog. You start with a green sheet of paper and fold it up following thesecriss-crossing steps. When you're done, you can press on its back legs and it really hops! How cool is that? I made about twenty of those frogs and had them jumping all over my bedroom. My mom got a little mad because I was making a mess, but I thought it was the most amazing thing ever.After that, Lily taught me to fold butterflies, cats, dogs, rabbits, and even dinosaurs! Each one had its own special folding pattern. I loved unfolding the paper and seeing the shapes come to life in 3D. The butterfly was my favorite because the wings actually flapped up and down when you blew on it gently. Idecorated my butterfly with colorful markers to make it look extra pretty.The best part was that I could use any kind of paper I wanted - colorful origami paper from the craft store, or even wrapping paper, newspaper, or scrap paper from the recycling bin. As long as it was a flat sheet, I could turn it into a magical creation just by folding! My parents said it was a great way to reuse paper instead of wasting it.When Lily showed me pictures from her origami class, I saw all these experts who could make the most incredible designs - flowers, buildings, animals, vehicles, you name it! And not just basic versions, but super intricate and detailed models that looked like they jumped right off the page. I couldn't believe something so complex could start from a simple sheet of flat paper.That's why I'm so pumped for this origami art festival that's coming to town. There will be exhibitions, workshops, competitions, and even famous origami artists visiting from Japan! Can you imagine seeing origami masters at work, creating their pieces right in front of you? I would lose my mind! They make it look so easy, but I know the amount of patience and skill it takes is unreal.And get this - at the festival, you can even enter your own original origami designs to be judged and win prizes! I already have a few ideas that I'm working on. One is a dragon that can actually open and close its mouth by pulling on a tiny strip of paper hidden in the tail. Another is a flower vase that blooms open when you press on the bottom. Lily is helping me practice and perfect the folds. I really hope I can get one of my creations entered into the festival's gallery.But besides getting to show off our skills, we'd also get to attend workshops and learn new folding techniques from origami experts. Can you picture how awesome that would be? To have a master guide us step-by-step through folding some crazy complex model? They could show us all the insider tricks they use to crisp the folds, curve the paper in precise ways, and create incredibly intricate details. My mind would be blown!The best part is that this whole origami festival promotes art, culture, math skills, hand-eye coordination, and all these super important things for kids like me. Isn't that just the coolest? To have so much fun while also exercising our brain muscles. I can't wait to soak up all the knowledge from the visiting masters.Pretty pleeeeease, Ms. Johnson, can our whole class go to the origami festival together? You're the one who first taught usabout the heritage and traditions of Japan. Well, this would be such an amazing way to experience a huge part of Japanese culture up close! We could spend the day wandering the exhibitions, trying our hand at folding in the workshops, and getting inspired by endless pieces of origami art. You always say how important it is to appreciate different cultures and expose ourselves to new forms of creative expression. Well, this festival would be the ultimate field trip for exactly that!I'm already picturing how neat it would be if our whole class wore matching origami shirts or made matching origami accessories to wear for the festival. We'd be representing our school pride and getting into the spirit of the day. And think of how cool it would be to have an entire class of origami-making masters after attending this event! We could decorate our classroom with all our folded creations and spread the ancient art of origami far and wide.Oh gosh, I get so excited just thinking about this origami extravaganza! You simply have to take us, Ms. Johnson. We would have a blast learning about this amazing Japanese art form while also getting to put our creativity, focus, and folding skills to the test. It combines so many things - art, math, cultural appreciation, patience, hand skills, and more. We'd be stretchingour brains and expressing ourselves through such a fun, unique medium.Please say you'll take our class! I'm counting down the days already. Thanks for considering it - you're the best teacher ever!Your origami-loving student,[Your name]篇5Dear Mrs. Thompson,You won't believe the super cool thing that's happening next month! There's going to be this really awesome Origami Art Festival right here in our city. And you have to come with me! It's going to be the neatest event ever.Origami is the traditional Japanese art of paper folding. It's where you take a simple piece of paper and make it into all sorts of amazing shapes and figures just by folding it in creative ways. The festival is all about celebrating origami and the amazing artists who make such incredible creations out of paper.My big brother Jeremy has been teaching me how to do origami for the past year. I used to think it was kind of lame and for little kids. But then Jeremy showed me how you can make thecoolest things just by carefully following the folding patterns. I made a really neat paper crane that can actually flap its wings! And get this - Jeremy taught me to make a sweet transforming ninja star. When you twist it one way, it's a shuriken. But then twist it the other way, and it becomes a cube! Mind-blowing, right?Anyway, the origami festival is going to be filled with the most unbelievable paper sculptures and displays you've ever seen. All made by super talented origami artists and masters. Last year, they had an origami dragon that was like 15 feet long and could breathe smoke! There were gigantic intricate flowers and animals that looked like they were alive. Even suits of armor and dinosaurs - all made out of precisely folded pieces of paper. It's just so hard to believe.Jeremy is taking me to the festival for sure this year. But I really want you to come with us Mrs. Thompson. You're always saying how much you love art and that we should appreciate art from all cultures. Well, origami is a beautiful traditional art form from Japan that has been around for centuries. At the festival, there will be origami masters giving demonstrations and teaching the secrets of advanced origami techniques. Maybe you could learn some new skills!The festival is also going to have lots of fun activities and workshops for kids like me. They'll teach simple origami models that are perfect for beginners. Like making paper boxes, puppy dogs, rabbits, and more. And the best part is we'll get to make our own origami masterpieces to take home as souvenirs!I think origami would be something you'd totally love, Mrs. Thompson. It combines art, geometry, following instructions precisely, and developing patience - things you're always trying to teach us in class. Origami sculptures start with a basic piece of paper, but through mathematical calculations and artistic creativity, the paper gets transformed into something extraordinary. It's like magic!Pretty please Mrs. Thompson, can you come to the Origami Art Festival with Jeremy and me? We're going on the second Saturday during the morning session. You deserve a cultural experience and a break from our crazy class! I just know you're going to be blown away by the amazing origami artwork on display. Who knows, you might even catch the paper folding bug yourself and become an origami master!Your favorite student,[Your name]。
贝克喜盐草的特点及其保护策略-植物学论文-生物学论文
贝克喜盐草的特点及其保护策略-植物学论文-生物学论文——文章均为WORD文档,下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印——摘要:贝克喜盐草(Halophila beccarii Asch.)是典型的潮间带海草,属于所有海草中最古老的两个世系之一,有活恐龙之称。
生物学上它具有年纪老、形态小、生长快、雌雄同株、雌蕊先熟、遗传多样性低、一年生和多年生生活史并存的特征;生态学上它具有开拓种、先锋种的特征,被认为虽微小但强大,通常能从干扰后快速恢复。
由于分布范围有限、种群周转快、形态小而易被沉积物覆盖等原因,贝克喜盐草及其重要性并不被人熟知。
潮间带地区高强度的人为活动对贝克喜盐草造成了极大的威胁。
全球范围内,贝克喜盐草资源面临持续衰退的趋势,已被国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)列为易危(VU)种,并被认为是10种具有灭绝风险的海草种类之一。
基于贝克喜盐草的生物学和生态学特性以及资源现状,建议(1)将贝克喜盐草列入中国红色物种名录;(2)采取措施保护其土壤种子库;(3)相关的红树林保护区把贝克喜盐草增列为保护对象;(4)对面临威胁的生境进行迁地保护;(5)加强贝克喜盐草的基础研究,突破解除种子休眠和促进种子萌发的技术瓶颈,完善其室内培育和野外移植的技术体系。
关键词:潮间带海草; 海草保育; 雌蕊先熟; 濒危物种; 开拓种; 滨海湿地; 人为干扰;Abstract:The dubbed living dinosaur Halophila beccarii Asch.,among one of the oldest lineage of seagrasses,is a typical intertidal seagrass in Indo-Pacific area.It is biologically characterized by being ancient,tiny,fast-growing,monoecious,protogynous,low genetic variation and having both annual and perennial life cycles forms.Ecologically,it is considered as a colonizing or a pioneer seagrass species and a tiny but mighty seagrass species,since it may recover quickly from disturbance generally.H.beccarii and its significance are neglected to a large extent due to its limited distribution,very tiny plant size,fast turn over,easily buried-shoot by sediment in the field.The intensive human disturbances in the intertidal zones pose profound threats to this species.The global population trends indicate the species is declining and it was listed as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) under criterion B2 and among one of the ten seagrass species which are at elevated risk of extinction in the world.Based on the biological and ecological features and the threatened situation of H.beccarii,we propose that:(1)include it into China red data book of endangered species;(2)take measures to conserve the soil seed bank;(3)the seagrassplants should be appended to the key protection objects list of the associated mangrove reserves;(4)ex-situ conservations may be carried out when facing inevitable loss of seagrass habitats;(5)some studies,such as releasing of seed dormancy,promoting of seed germination,cultivating in the laboratory and transplanting in the field,are encouraged to enhance.Keyword:intertidal seagrass; seagrass conservation; protogynous; threatened species; colonizing species; coastal wetlands; human disturbances;海草(seagrass)是指生长在热带至温带沿岸浅水海域中的单子叶植物[1,2]。
美国烂番茄动作冒险电影、科幻电影、恐怖片、动画片top100
美国影评网站烂番茄Top 100个动作冒险电影Top 100 Action & Adventure Movies1. 99% Metropolis (1927) 1152. 100% The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) 443. 98% King Kong (1933) 544. 100% The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948) 445. 100% Seven Samurai (Shichinin no Samurai) (1954) 576. 98% Up (2009) 2787. 99% Lawrence of Arabia (1962) 708. 99% Apocalypse Now (1979) 769. 97% The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966) 6710. 98% The 39 Steps (1935) 4111. 98% Jaws (1975) 6312. 100% The Searchers (1956) 4113. 94% The Dark Knight (2008) 28814. 96% W ALL-E (2008) 23815. 95% Star Trek (2009) 29816. 96% The LEGO Movie (2014) 19417. 96% Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 (2011) 28318. 98% The Wild Bunch (1969) 4719. 100% The Terminator (1984) 5020. 97% The Hurt Locker (2009) 22521. 98% Aliens (1986) 5922. 98% Badlands (1974) 4923. 98% The French Connection (1971) 5124. 96% Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980) 7525. 98% Kumonosu J? (Throne of Blood) (Macbeth) (1957) 4226. 96% True Grit (2010) 25927. 98% Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) 5328. 98% Aguirre, der Zorn Gottes (Aguirre, the Wrath of God) (1972) 4229. 98% Dr. No (1962) 4730. 92% Marvel's The Avengers (2012) 30131. 98% Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) 5932. 96% The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) 23533. 94% Gojira (1956) 6734. 92% Skyfall (2012) 29535. 96% Spartacus (1960) 5036. 98% A Fistful of Dollars (Per un Pugno di Dollari) (1964) 4337. 95% Casino Royale (2006) 22238. 97% The Princess Bride (1987) 6239. 97% Chicken Run (2000) 15340. 93% Iron Man (2008) 24341. 97% Ghostbusters (1984) 5842. 96% Goldfinger (1964) 5543. 96% Back to the Future (1985) 6844. 93% Looper (2012) 24745. 94% The Bourne Ultimatum (2007) 23946. 98% The Right Stuff (1983) 4047. 94% No Country for Old Men (2007) 23748. 97% Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2001) 15049. 93% Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977) 7150. 96% Catch Me If You Can (2002) 19451. 93% Jurassic Park (1993) 11052. 97% Babe (1995) 6453. 94% The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) 25454. 96% From Russia With Love (1964) 4955. 94% Spider-Man 2 (2004) 24956. 98% One False Move (1992) 4557. 91% X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) 22358. 93% All Is Lost (2013) 21359. 94% The Seventh Seal (Det Sjunde inseglet) (1957) 5160. 94% Paths of Glory (1957) 5161. 96% The Fugitive (1993) 6862. 94% The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) 5063. 95% Apollo 13 (1995) 8164. 95% Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) 17665. 95% Ran (1985) 6566. 98% The Secret of Roan Inish (1995) 4267. 96% Yellow Submarine (1968) 4668. 95% Hero (2004) 20069. 99% The Twilight Samurai (Tasogare Seibei) (2004) 6870. 94% Full Metal Jacket (1987) 7071. 94% The Town (2010) 21372. 92% The Departed (2006) 23773. 96% Diva (1981) 4574. 95% Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) 4475. 93% Drive (2011) 23576. 94% Three Kings (1999) 12977. 93% Superman (1978) 5978. 96% The Straight Story (1999) 8979. 95% Enter the Dragon (1973) 4480. 93% Mission: Impossible Ghost Protocol (2011) 22781. 95% In the Line of Fire (1993) 6482. 98% Ten Canoes (2007) 6283. 89% Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) 23484. 92% Source Code (2011) 24385. 96% The Hunt for Red October (1990) 4586. 88% The Dark Knight Rises (2012) 30587. 96% Supercop (Police Story 3) (Ging chaat goo si 3: Chiu kap ging chaat) (1992) 4688. 96% 13 Assassins (2011) 11789. 98% Mountain Patrol: Kekexili (2006) 4990. 98% Blindsight (2006) 4991. 92% Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009) 22592. 95% Mad Max (1979) 4393. 92% Saving Private Ryan (1998) 11694. 95% Midnight Run (1988) 4495. 90% District 9 (2009) 26296. 93% The Great Escape (1963) 4597. 91% The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) 21998. 89% The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013) 24399. 93% Out of Sight (1998) 88100. 92% Rocky(1976) 53Top 100 恐怖片Top 100 horror movie1. 97% Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror (Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens) (Nosferatu the Vampire) (1922) 612. 98% King Kong (1933) 543. 100% The Bride of Frankenstein (1935) 414. 96% Psycho (1960) 825. 100% Frankenstein (1931) 426. 98% Rosemary's Baby (1968) 657. 98% Let the Right One In (2008) 1758. 98% Aliens (1986) 599. 100% Repulsion (1997) 5810. 98% Eyes Without a Face (1962) 5011. 96% Pan's Labyrinth (2006) 20812. 98% The Evil Dead (1981) 5313. 94% Gojira (1956) 6714. 98% Evil Dead 2 (1987) 5115. 96% The Birds (1963) 4816. 96% Night of the Living Dead (1968) 5217. 96% Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978) 4618. 96% Don't Look Now (1973) 4519. 93% Freaks (1932) 4520. 92% The Cabin in the Woods (2012) 23021. 94% Young Frankenstein (1974) 5122. 96% Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht (Nosferatu the Vampyre) (1979) 4523. 94% Halloween (1978) 5024. 96% A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) 4525. 94% The Silence of the Lambs (1991) 6926. 95% Suspiria (1977) 4027. 92% Drag Me to Hell (2009) 23628. 98% The Loved Ones (2012) 4229. 92% The Shining (1980) 6230. 92% Carrie (1976) 5231. 91% Dracula (1931) 4532. 93% Gwoemul (The Host) (2007) 14733. 93% Room 237 (2013) 12134. 90% Zombieland (2009) 22135. 91% What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1960) 4536. 93% Re-Animator (1985) 4637. 91% The Fly (1986) 5638. 91% The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974) 4639. 91% Shaun of the Dead (2004) 18940. 91% Eraserhead (1977) 4441. 90% The Wicker Man (1973) 4842. 91% An American Werewolf in London (1981) 4543. 90% Phantom Of The Opera (1925) 4144. 90% Little Shop of Horrors (1986) 4845. 88% The Exorcist (1973) 5746. 88% Let Me In (2010) 21447. 87% Frankenweenie (2012) 19848. 87% The Blair Witch Project (1999) 14649. 87% 28 Days Later (2003) 21550. 88% Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer (1986) 5051. 89% Near Dark (1987) 4652. 86% The Conjuring (2013) 18553. 87% Poltergeist (1982) 5554. 88% Misery (1990) 6055. 89% Cronos (1994) 4756. 91% Donnie Darko: The Director's Cut (2004) 4357. 89% Russian Ark (2002) 9958. 86% El Orfanato (The Orphanage) (2007) 16859. 85% Chronicle (2012) 16660. 83% This Is the End (2013) 20661. 85% The Descent (2006) 17062. 88% Exorcist: The Version You've Never Seen (2000) 8163. 86% Slither (2006) 13664. 89% Ginger Snaps (2001) 5465. 88% A Field in England (2014) 6066. 85% The Omen (1976) 4167. 83% Grindhouse (2007) 19268. 84% Gremlins (1984) 5869. 83% Paranormal Activity (2009) 19270. 86% The House of the Devil (2009) 9371. 87% Dracula: Pages From a Virgin's Diary (2003) 6072. 83% The Lincoln Lawyer (2011) 16673. 83% The Others (2001) 14874. 85% We Are What We Are (2013) 8075. 86% Red Riding Trilogy (2010) 5776. 85% Open Your Eyes (Abre los ojos) (Permanent Midnight) (1999) 4677. 83% They Live (1988) 4678. 81% Hellboy (2004) 19779. 84% Tucker & Dale vs Evil (2011) 9480. 85% Janghwa, Hongryeon (A Tale of Two Sisters) (2003) 5981. 83% Berberian Sound Studio (2013) 9082. 81% Shadow of the Vampire (2000) 13583. 81% Scream 2 (1997) 7384. 84% Three...Extremes (Saam gaang yi) (2005) 6285. 83% Paprika (2006) 8686. 79% Red Eye (2005) 18687. 78% Dreamgirls (2006) 20088. 81% Beetlejuice (1988) 4389. 80% Brick (2006) 13790. 80% Videodrome (1983) 4491. 81% Bakjwi (Thirst) (2009) 10892. 82% Pontypool (2009) 7993. 80% Scream (1996) 6494. 79% The Thing (1982) 4895. 78% 1408 (2007) 17096. 73% Prometheus (2012) 26997. 78% The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) 4098. 79% Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992) 4799. 81% Taxidermia (2006) 47100. 79% Audition (Ôdishon) (1999) 67Top 100 科幻奇幻电影Top 100 science fiction and fantasy movie1. 99% The Wizard of Oz (1939) 1012. 99% Metropolis (1927) 1153. 97% Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror (Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens) (Nosferatu the Vampire) (1922) 614. 97% Gravity (2013) 3035. 98% E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982) 986. 100% Toy Story 2 (1999) 1637. 100% The Bride of Frankenstein (1935) 418. 100% Dr. Strangelove Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964) 669. 98% Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) 4110. 99% Toy Story 3 (2010) 26511. 97% Alien (1979) 9112. 100% Frankenstein (1931) 4213. 100% Pinocchio (1940) 4114. 100% Toy Story (1995) 7815. 94% The Dark Knight (2008) 28816. 96% W ALL-E (2008) 23817. 95% Star Trek (2009) 29818. 96% Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 (2011) 28319. 100% Mary Poppins (1964) 4320. 96% Miracle on 34th Street (1947) 4621. 100% The Terminator (1984) 5022. 94% It's a Wonderful Life (1946) 6623. 98% Aliens (1986) 5924. 96% Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980) 7525. 98% The Discreet Charm Of The Bourgeoisie (Le Charme Discret de la Bourgeoisie) (1972) 4626. 98% Forbidden Planet (1956) 4227. 96% Fantasia (1940) 5028. 98% Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) 4129. 98% How to Train Your Dragon (2010) 18330. 92% Marvel's The Avengers (2012) 30131. 96% Pan's Labyrinth (2006) 20832. 98% The Evil Dead (1981) 5333. 96% The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) 23534. 94% Gojira (1956) 6735. 97% The Iron Giant (1999) 12336. 97% Big (1988) 6737. 97% The Princess Bride (1987) 6238. 99% Jodorowsky's Dune (2014) 8639. 97% Spirited Away (2001) 16840. 94% Her (2013) 22241. 96% Monsters, Inc. (2001) 19342. 94% Beauty and The Beast (La Belle et la bête) (1946) 5443. 94% The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) 5344. 93% Iron Man (2008) 24345. 97% Ghostbusters (1984) 5846. 96% Back to the Future (1985) 6847. 93% Looper (2012) 24748. 97% Groundhog Day (1993) 6749. 98% Wings of Desire (1987) 4650. 98% Repo Man (1984) 4551. 98% Brazil (1985) 4552. 95% 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) 6353. 93% Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977) 7154. 93% Jurassic Park (1993) 11055. 97% Babe (1995) 6456. 94% The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) 25457. 91% Blade Runner (1982) 9658. 96% Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978) 4659. 96% Solyaris (Solaris) (1976) 4660. 94% Spider-Man 2 (2004) 24961. 91% X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) 22362. 94% The Seventh Seal (Det Sjunde inseglet) (1957) 5163. 98% The Secret of Roan Inish (1995) 4264. 94% The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) 8865. 96% Yellow Submarine (1968) 4666. 94% Young Frankenstein (1974) 5167. 95% Antz (1998) 8868. 95% Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) 4469. 93% Children of Men (2006) 20970. 90% Edge of Tomorrow (2014) 22371. 93% Superman (1978) 5972. 95% L'année dernière àMarienbad (Last Year at Marienbad) (1961) 4273. 93% Eternal Sunshine Of The Spotless Mind (2004) 23274. 97% Ernest & Célestine (2014) 6875. 89% Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) 23476. 92% Source Code (2011) 24377. 91% Bambi (1942) 4678. 95% Mad Max (1979) 4379. 93% Being John Malkovich (1999) 12380. 94% Aladdin (1992) 6481. 90% District 9 (2009) 26282. 91% The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) 21983. 89% The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013) 24384. 94% The Secret World of Arrietty (2012) 12285. 91% Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) 24486. 91% Minority Report (2002) 23487. 92% The Little Mermaid (1989) 6688. 93% Princess Mononoke (Mononoke-hime) (1999) 10189. 90% Coraline (2009) 23590. 93% How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014) 10791. 94% Heavenly Creatures (1994) 4792. 92% Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) 6093. 92% A Bug's Life (1998) 8494. 92% Ponyo (2009) 15995. 93% Re-Animator (1985) 4696. 91% The Fly (1986) 5697. 94% The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1998) 4998. 87% Star Trek Into Darkness (2013) 24799. 93% Beauty and the Beast (2012) 102100. 91% Shaun of the Dead (2004) 189Top 100 动画片Top 100 animation movie1. 100% Toy Story 2 (1999) 1632. 98% Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) 413. 98% Up (2009) 2784. 99% Toy Story 3 (2010) 2655. 99% Finding Nemo (2003) 2386. 100% Pinocchio (1940) 417. 100% Toy Story (1995) 788. 96% WALL-E (2008) 2389. 96% The LEGO Movie (2014) 19410. 97% The Incredibles (2004) 23111. 96% Ratatouille (2007) 22212. 96% Fantasia (1940) 5013. 98% How to Train Your Dragon (2010) 18314. 98% Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) 5915. 97% The Iron Giant (1999) 12316. 97% Chicken Run (2000) 15317. 97% Spirited Away (2001) 16818. 96% Monsters, Inc. (2001) 19319. 96% Waltz with Bashir (2008) 14320. 96% Persepolis (2007) 15421. 95% Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) 17622. 94% The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) 8823. 96% Yellow Submarine (1968) 4624. 95% Antz (1998) 8825. 97% Ernest & Célestine (2014) 6826. 91% Bambi (1942) 4627. 92% Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009) 22528. 94% Aladdin (1992) 6429. 94% The Secret World of Arrietty (2012) 12230. 94% The Triplets of Belleville (2003) 14031. 92% The Little Mermaid (1989) 6632. 93% Princess Mononoke (Mononoke-hime) (1999) 10133. 90% Coraline (2009) 23534. 93% How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014) 10735. 93% James and the Giant Peach (1996) 6936. 92% A Bug's Life (1998) 8437. 92% Ponyo (2009) 15938. 90% The Simpsons Movie (2007) 19839. 95% Mary and Max (2009) 5840. 93% Beauty and the Beast (2012) 10241. 89% Frozen (2013) 18742. 89% Shrek 2 (2004) 21743. 91% Arthur Christmas (2011) 14244. 88% The Wind Rises (2014) 15645. 88% Bolt (2008) 17946. 88% Rango (2011) 21247. 89% Tangled (2010) 18648. 88% Shrek (2001) 18949. 87% Frankenweenie (2012) 19850. 90% Winnie the Pooh (2011) 12651. 87% Kung Fu Panda (2008) 17452. 92% Millennium Actress (Sennen joy?) (2001) 5153. 90% The Illusionist (L'illusionniste) (2010) 12054. 90% The Lion King (2011) 11055. 91% The Secret of Kells (2010) 8056. 87% ParaNorman (2012) 16357. 88% Tarzan (1999) 10258. 91% My Dog Tulip (2010) 5759. 87% Howl's Moving Castle (2005) 15860. 86% Wreck-it Ralph (2012) 16661. 87% Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs (2009) 13862. 86% The Pirates! Band of Misfits (2012) 14463. 89% Tokyo Godfathers (2003) 6464. 86% Mulan (1998) 7365. 86% Lilo & Stitch (2002) 14566. 85% The Emperor's New Groove (2000) 12767. 83% Tim Burton's Corpse Bride (2005) 18768. 86% Anastasia (1997) 5169. 84% The Princess and the Frog (2009) 16470. 87% Metropolis (Metoroporisu) (2002) 6071. 84% Puss in Boots (2011) 14272. 87% Akira (2001) 4573. 86% Chico & Rita (2012) 6674. 84% Hercules (1997) 4975. 81% Despicable Me (2010) 19276. 78% Brave (2012) 22577. 81% Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011) 16778. 83% From Up On Poppy Hill (2013) 8479. 83% Paprika (2006) 8680. 81% South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut (1999) 9481. 78% Monsters University (2013) 18382. 82% Fantasia 2000 (2000) 8283. 80% Waking Life (2001) 14184. 79% Mr. Peabody & Sherman (2014) 11885. 79% The Prince of Egypt (1998) 8486. 82% A Cat in Paris (2012) 6187. 81% Chicago 10 (2008) 8388. 82% Panique au village (A Town Called Panic) (2009) 6789. 79% Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who! (2008) 13190. 79% Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted (2012) 12991. 78% Charlotte's Web (2006) 14392. 78% Surf's Up (2007) 14493. 80% The Wild Thornberrys Movie (2002) 8894. 77% Ice Age (2002) 16495. 79% Pooh's Heffalump Movie (2005) 8696. 75% The Adventures of Tintin (2011) 20397. 74% Cars (2006) 19698. 75% Over the Hedge (2006) 16899. 75% Happy Feet (2006) 161100. 74% Despicable Me 2 (2013) 170[文档可能无法思考全面,请浏览后下载,另外祝您生活愉快,工作顺利,万事如意!]。
3-Roman Culture 罗马文化
Mars And Rhea Silvia - Peter Paul Rubens
The twins then founded their own city, but Romulus killed Remus in a quarrel over which one of them was to reign as the King of Rome, though some sources state the quarrel was about who was going to give their name to the city. Romulus became the source of the city's name. As the city was bereft of women, legend says that the Latins invited the Sabines to a festival and stole their unmarried maidens, leading to the integration of the Latins and the Sabines
Romans and Greeks
The difference:
The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn‗t. Except for the brief moment of Alexander‗s conquests, which soon disintegrated.
Romulus killed Remus
According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus, who were raised by a she-wolf.
英美文学选读自考题模拟17
英美文学选读自考题模拟17(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(总题数:40,分数:40.00)1.The belief of the eighteenth-century neoclassicists in England led them to seek the following EXCEPT ______.(分数:1.00)A.proportionB.graceC.harmonyD.spirit √解析:[解析] 本题主要考查的知识点为新古典主义时期作家们的创作追求。
新古典主义者们对文学作品的观点使该时期的作家在创作时寻求表达与措辞上的协调、统一、和谐与典雅。
2."Graveyard School" writers are the following sentimentalists of ______.(分数:1.00)A.James Thomson and William Collins √B.William Collins and William BlakeC.Robert Burns and James ThomsonD.Thomas Jackson and James Thomson解析:[解析] 本题主要考查的知识点为古墓派诗人的成员。
感伤派诗人,或曰“古墓派诗人”有詹姆斯·汤姆森、威廉·考林斯和威廉·柯柏等。
3.The most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English is Samson Agonistes by ______.(分数:1.00)A.John Milton √B.William BlakeC.Henry FieldingD.William Wordsworth解析:[解析] 本题主要考查的知识点为《力士参孙》的作者。
简介King Lear
Introduction
• Book name: 《King Lear》 • Author: Shakespeare • Characters: LEAR,King of Britain, Goneril, Regan, Cordelia , King of France, Duke of burgundy, Duke of cornwall , Earl of kent, Earl of Gloucester, Edgar-Son to Gloucester, Edmund-Bastard son to Gloucester, Curan-a courtier, Oswald, Old man-Tenant to Gloucester, etc
• Plot: 《King Lear》is based on an ancient legend, which approximately happened in 8 century BC. The king of Britain-Lear was getting older and older. He needed someone to take over his charge of the country. Therefore, he was wishing to cut the nation’s land into three parts and give them to his three daughters. When the day came, Lear would like his three daughters to express their respect and love towards him in public. The two elder daughters-Goneril and Regan managed to satisfy Lear’s demands with beautiful but hypocritical words while the little daughter Cordelia didn’t manage to. Her words was so simple and pure that it couldn’t express her deepest love for Lear but astonishingly made Lear angry. Because of the misunderstanding, Lear expelled Cordelia. Sadly, Cordelia had no choice but to go to France and became the queen of France. After Lear got off the king’s throne, he was powerless and weak. Equipped with authority, Goneril and Regan began to despise Lear and maltreated him, which reminded Lear of Cordelia who had been very kind to him. Meanwhile, with the deep love towards her father, Cordelia assembled an army in France and began to fight against Goneril and Regan. At first, the path of the war was smooth. Cordelia’s army won several battles and saved Lear’s life. After three years’ departure, Cordelia finally got a reunion with Lear. However, Goneril’s and Regan’s army united and beat justice. Both Cordelia and Lear were captured .Before they were executed, Lear strongly regretted about his
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文档下载后可定制随意修改,请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料,如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等,如想了解不同资料格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!The Lion King is such an amazing movie! The animationis so beautiful and the characters are so well-designed. I love how the story is based on Shakespeare's Hamlet, but with a unique twist. It's a classic tale of good versus evil, and the themes of love, loss, and redemption are so powerful.The music in The Lion King is absolutely incredible. "Circle of Life" and "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" are timeless classics that never fail to give me chills. The score by Hans Zimmer is so epic and really adds to the emotional impact of the film. And who can forget the iconic "Hakuna Matata"? It's impossible not to sing along!The voice acting in The Lion King is top-notch. James Earl Jones as Mufasa is so commanding and wise, and Jeremy Irons as Scar is delightfully sinister. And of course, the comedic duo of Timon and Pumbaa, voiced by Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella, provide some much-needed comic relief in themidst of all the drama.One of the things I appreciate most about The Lion King is its universal message. It's a story that resonates with people of all ages and backgrounds. The themes of family, responsibility, and finding your place in the world are so relatable. And the film's message of the circle of life and the interconnectedness of all living things is bothbeautiful and profound.Overall, The Lion King is a timeless classic that will continue to resonate with audiences for generations to come. Its stunning animation, unforgettable music, and powerful storytelling make it a true masterpiece of cinema. I can't wait to share this movie with future generations and introduce them to the magic of The Lion King.。
Interesting Things
INTERESTINC THINGSKingsley Amis(金斯利·艾米斯)Gloria Davies crossed the road towards the Odeon on legs that weaved a little, as if she was tipsy or rickety. She wasn’t either really; it was just the high-heeled shoes, worn for the first time specially for today. The new hoop ear-rings swayed from her lobes, hitting her rhythmically on the jaws as she walked. No. They were wrong. They had looked fine in her bedroom mirror, but they were wrong, somehow. She whipped them off and stunned them into her handbag. Perhaps there’d be a chance to try them again later, when it was the evening. They might easily make all the difference then.She stopped thinking about the ear-rings when she found she couldn’t see Mr Huws-Evans anywhere in the crowd of people waiting for their friends on the steps of the Odeon. She knew at once then he hadn’t really meant it. After all, what could an Inspector of Taxes (Assessment Section)see in an eighteen-year-old comptometer operator How stuck-up she’d been, congratulating herself on being the first girl in the office Mr Huws-Evans had ever asked out. Just then a tall man who’d been standing close by took off his beige mackintosh hat with a drill-like movement, keeping his elbow close to his chest. It was Mr Huws-Evans.‘Hallo, Gloria,’ he said. He watched her for a bit, a smile showing round the curly stem of the pipe was biting. Then he added: ‘Didn’t you recognize me, Gloria?’‘Sorry, Mr Husw-Evans, I sort of just didn’t see you.’ The hat and the pipe had put her off completely, and she was further confused by being called Gloria twice already.He nodded, accepting her apology and explanation. He put his hat on again with a ducking gesture, then removed his pipe. ‘Shall we go in? Don’t want to miss the News.’While Mr Huws-Evans bought two two-and-fourpennies Gloria noticed was carrying a string bag full packets of potato crisps. She wondered why he was doing that.It was very dark inside the cinema itself,and Mr Huws Evans had to click his fingers for a long time,and tremendously loudly.before an usherette came.The Odeon was often full on a Saturday when the football team was playing away, and Gloria and Mr HUWS.Evarts couldn’t help pushing past a lot of people to get to their seats.A good deal of loud sighing, crackling of sweet.packets and uncoiling of embraces marked their progress.At last they were settled in full view of the screen,on which the Duke of Edinburgh was playing polo. Mr Huws.Evans asked Gloria loudly whether she could see all right, and when she whispered that she could he offered her a chocolate. ‘They’re rather good,’ he said.Almost nothing happened while the films were shown. The main feature was on first. Assoon as Gloria could tell it. Nobody did anything in it, they just talked. Some of the talking or twice he nudged Gloria. When he did this she laughed too, because it was up to her to be polite and not spoil his pleasure. The film ended with a lot of fuss about a Gladstone bag and people falling into each other’s arms a daft, put-on way.Gloria kept wondering if Mr Huws-Evans was going to put his arm round her.She’d never yet gone to the pictures 111 male company without at least this happening, and usually quite a lot more being tried on,but somehow Mr Huws-Evans didn’t seem the man for any of that.He was older than her usual escorts, to start with,and to go on with there was some-thing about that mackintosh hat and that string bag which made it hard to think of him putting his arm round anyone, except perhaps his mother. Once she caught sight of his hand dangling over the arm of the seat towards her, and she moved her own hand carefully so that he could take hold of it easily if he wanted to, but he didn’t. He leaned rather closer to her to light her cigarettes than he strictly needed to, and that was all.After a pair of tin gates had been shown opening in a slow and dignified way there was about half an hour of advertisements while everybody whistled the tunes that Were playing. The cereals and the detergents came up, then a fairly long and thorough episode about razor-blades.During it Mr Huws- Evans suddenly said:'It's damned scandal, that business.’‘What’s that, then?’‘Well, all this business about the modern shave.All these damned gadgets and things.It’s just a way of trying to get you to use a new blade every day, that’s a11.’‘Oh, I get you. You mean because the-,‘Mind you, with the kind of blade some of these firms turn out you’ve got to use a new blade. I grant them that.’ He laughed briefly. ‘If you don’t want to skin yourself getting the beard off, that is. And of course they don’t give a damn how much they spend on publicity. It’s all off tax. Doesn’t really cost them a bean.’Gloria was going to say ‘How’s that, then?’ but Mr Huws-Evarts’s manner, that of one with a comprehensive explanation on instant call, warned her not to. She said instead:’No. of course it doesn’t.’He looked at her with mingled skepticism and wistfulness, and ended the conversation by saying violently:‘Some of these firms.’While the lights went down again, Gloria thought about this brief exchange. It was just the kind of talk older men went in for. The sort of thing her father discussed with his buddies when they called to take him down to the pub, things to do with the Government and pensions and jobs and the Russians, things that fellows who went dancing never mentioned. She saw, on the other hand, that that kind of talk wasn’t only tied up in some way with getting old, it also had to do with money and a car, with speaking properly and, with being important. So a girl would show herself up for a lump with no conversation and bad manners if she gave away to an older man the fact thatuninteresting things didn’t interest her. Next time Mr HUWS-Evans got on to them she must do better.The second film promised to be full of interesting things. There were some lovely dresses, the star looked just like an-other star Gloria had often wished she looked like, and there was a scene in a kind of flash night-club with dim lights,men in tail coats and a modern band.The star was wearing a terrific evening dress with sequins and had a white fur round her shoulders.A man with a smashing profile sitting at the bar turned and saw her.Her eyes met his for a long moment.Gloria swallowed and leant forward in her seat.Mr Huws-Evans nudged Gloria and said:‘Don’t think much of this, do you? What about some tea?’‘Oh,we haven’t got to go yet, have we?’‘Well, we don’t want to sit through this, do we?’Gloria recollected herself. ‘No, right you are, then.’They moved effortfully back along the row, taking longer this time because some of the embraces were slower in un-coiling.In the foyer, Gloria said:’Well, thank you very much. Mr Huws-Evans, I enjoyed the film ever so much,’but he wasn’t listening;he was looking wildly about as if he’d just found himself in a ladies’ cloakroom, and beginning to say:‘The crisps.I’ve left them inside.’‘Never mind, don’t you worry, it won’t take a minute fetching them.I don’t mind waiting at all.’He stared out at her from under the mackintosh hat. which he’d pulled down for some reason so that it hid his eyebrows.‘I shan’t be able to remember the seat.You come too. Gloria.Please.’After a lot more finger-clicking inside they found the row. In the beam of the usherette’s torch Gloria saw that their seats were already occupied.Even more slowly than before, Mr Huws-Evans began shuffling sidelong away from her;there was some disturbance. Gloria, waiting in the aisle, turned and looked at the screen. The man with the profile was dancing with the star now and ail the other people had gone back to their tables and were watching them. Gloria watched them too, and had forgotten where she was when a moderate uproar slowly broke out and slowly moved towards her. It was Mr Huws-Evans with the crisps, which were rustling and crunch.ing like mad. Men’s voices were denouncing him. some of them loudly and one of the loud ones using words Gloria didn’t like, in fact one word was the word she called ‘that word’. Her cheeks went hot. Mr Huws-Evans was saving things like ‘Very Sorry, old boy’ and ‘Hurts me as much as it hurts you,’and every so often he laughed cheerily. Everywhere people were calling ‘Ssshh.’ Gloria couldn’t think of anything to do to help.A long time later they were outside again. It was clear at once that the rain had stopped holding off hours ago. Mr HUWS-Evans took her arm and said they’d better run for it,and that was what they did. They ran a long way for it. and fast too, so that the high heels were doing some terrible slipping and skidding. Opposite Woolworth’s Gloria nearly did the splits, but Mr Huws-Evans prevented that, and was just as effective when she started a kind of sliding football tackle towards a lady in bifocal glasses carrying a little boy. That was jus t outside Bevan&Bevan’s, and Gloria didn’t mind it much because she’d guessed by now that they were going to Dalessio’s, a fairly flash Italian restaurant frequented by the car-owning classes-unless, of course, they were making for Cwmbwrla or Portardulais on foot.There was a queue in Dalessio’s and Gloria panted out the news that she was going to the cloakroom, where there was another, but shorter queue. While she waited her turn she felt her hair, which must have been 1ooking dreadful, and wondered about her face, to which she’d applied some of the new1iquid make- up everyone was talking about. She was glad to find, in due time, that she hadn’t been looking too bad. Touching up with the liquid stuf f didn’t quite provide the amazing matt finish the advertisements described, in fact she wondered if she didn’t loo k a bit like one of the waxworks she’d seen that time in Cardiff, but there was no time to re-do it and it must surely wear off a little after a bit. She gazed longingly at the ear-rings in her bag, and at the new mascara kit, but these must certainly wait. Taking a last peep at herself, she reflected gratefully, as her father had often exhorted her to do, that she was very lucky to be quite pretty and have all that naturally curly naturally blonde hair.Mr Huws-Evans had a table for two when she joined him. He took the bag of crisps off her chair and laid them reverently at his side. Gloria thought he seemed very attached to them. What did he want them for, and so many of them too? It was a puzzle. Perhaps he guessed her curiosity, because he said: ‘They’re for the party. They said I was to get them.’‘Oh. I see. Who’ll be there? At the party? You did tell me when you asked me. but I’m afraid I’ve forgotten.’‘Not many people you’ll know. I’m afraid. There’ll be Mr Pugh, of course,from Allowances,and his wife,and Miss Harry from Repayments,and my brother-you’ve met him,haven’t you?-and my dentist and his, er, and his friend,and two or three of my brother’s friends. About a dozen alto-gether.’‘It sounds lovely.’Gloria said. A little tremor of excitement ran through her;then she remembered about poise. She arranged herself at the table like one of the models who showed off jewellery on TV,and purposely took a long while deciding what to have when the waitress came,though she’d know n ever since passing Bevan&Bevan’s that she was going to have mixed grill, with French fried potatoes. She was soon so lost in thoughts of the party and in enjoying eating that it was like a voice in a dream when Mr HUWS-Evans said:‘Of course, the real difficulties come when we have to decide whether something’s income or capital.’Gloria looked up, trying not to seem startled.’ Oh yes.’‘For instance,’Mr Huws-Evans went on,drawing a long fishbone from his mouth. ‘take the case of a man who buys a house,lives in it for a bit and then sells it. Any profit he might make wouldn’t be assessable. It’s capital,not income.’‘So he wouldn’t have to pay tax on it,is that right?‘Now for goodness’sake don’t go and get that mixed up with the tag on the property itself, the Schedule A tax.’‘Oh yes. I’ve heard of that. There were some figures I-’‘That still has to be paid.’He leaned forward in an emphatic way. ‘Unless the man is exempt of course.’‘Oh yes.’‘Now it’d be much easier, as you can imagine, to catch him on the sale of several houses. But even then we’d need to show that there was a trade. If the chap buys them as investments, just to get the rents,well then you couldn’t catch him if he sold out later at a profit. There'd be no trade, you see.’‘No.’ Gloria swallowed a mushroom-stalk whole.’ No trade.’‘That’s right’He nodded and seemed pleased,then changed his tone to nonchalant indulgence. ‘Mind you, even the profit on an isolated transaction could be an income profit. There was the case of three chaps who bought some South African brandy, had it shipped over here and blended with French brandy, and sold it at a profit. But the Court still said there was a trade. They’d set up a selling organization’‘Ah, I get it.’‘You’ll be perfectly all right just So long as you remember that income tax is a tax on income.’Gloria felt a little dashed when Mr Huws-Evans found nothing to add to his last maxim. She hadn’t spoken up enough and shown she was taking an interest. He couldn’t just go on talking, with nobody helping to make it a proper conversation. And yet-what could she have said? It was so hard to think of things.Mr Huws-Evan launched off again soon and she cheered up. He questioned her about herself and her parents and friends and what she did in the evenings. He watched her with his big brown eyes and tended to raise his eyebrows slowly when she got near the end of each bit she said. Then, before asking his next question,he’d let his eyes go vacant and drop his jaw without opening his mouth at all, and nod slightly. as if each reply of hers was tying up,rather disturbingly, with some fantastic theory about her he’d originally made up for fun:that she was a Communist spy,say,or a goblin in human form. During all this he dismantled,cleaned,reassembled,filled and lit his pipe,finally tamping down the tobacco with his thump and burning himself slightly.At last it was time to go. In the street Gloria said:‘Well, thank you very much,Mr Huws-Evans, I enjoyed the food ever so much,’ but he wasn’t listening;he was rubbing his chin hard with some of his fingers,and beginning to say:'Shave.Got to have a shave before the party. That blade this morning.’They boarded,a has and went a long way on it. Mr Huws-Evans explained, quoting figures tha t a taxi wasn’t wort hwhile and that he personally was damned if he was going to lay out all that cash on a car simply to make a splash and impress a few snobs. He paid the conductor with calms from a leather purse that did up with two poppers. This purse, Gloria thought,was somehow rather like the mackintosh hat and the string bag with the crisps. After doing up the purse and putting it safely away Mr Muws-Evans said that his digs. where the shave was going to happen,were quite near Mr Pugh’s house,which was where the party was going to happen. He added that this would give them just nice time. They got off the bus and walked for a few minutes. The rain had stopped and the sun was out. Gloria cheered up again,and didn’t notice at first when Mr Huws-Evans suddenly stopped in the middle of the pavement. He was looking about in rather the same way as he’d done in the foyer of the Odeort. He said:’Funny. I could have sworn.’‘What’s the matter, then?’‘Can’t seem to remember the right house. Ridiculous of me, isn’t it? Just can’t seem to remember at all.’‘Not your digs it isn’t, where you can’t remember, is it?’‘Well yes, my digs. This is it. No, there’s no T.V. aerial.’Never mind, what’s the number?’‘That’s the silly part. I don’t know the number.’‘Oh, but you must. However do you manage with letter and things? Come on, you must know. Try and think, now.’‘No good. I’ve never known it.’‘Wha t?’‘Well, you see, the landlady’s got one of those stamp things to stamp the address at the top of the notepaper and I always use that. And then when I get a letter I just see it’s for mc and that’s all I bother about, see?’He said most of this over his shoulder in the intervals of trying to see through some lace curtains. Then he shook his head and walked on, only to bend forward slightly with hands on knees, like a swimmer waiting for the starting-pistol, and stare at a photograph of a terrier which someone had arranged, thoughtfully turned outward, on a windowsill. 'The number's got a three in it, I do know that,' he said then. 'At least I think so.''How do you manage as a rule?''I know the house, you see.'Mr Huws-Evans now entered a front garden and put his eye to a gap in the curtains. Quite soon a man in shirtsleeves holding a newspaper twitched the curtain aside and stood looking at him. He was a big man with hair growing up round the base of his neck, and you could guess that he worked at some job where strength was important. Mr Huws-Evans came out of the garden, latching its gate behind him. 'I don't think that's the one,' he said.'Come on, why not just knock somewhere and ask'"Can't do that. They'd think 1 was barmy.'Eventually Mt Huws-Evans recognized his house by its bright red door. 'Eighty-seven,' hemurmured, studying the number as he went in. 'I must remember that.'Gloria sat in the sitting-room, which had more books in it than she'd ever seen in a private house before, and looked at the book Mr Huws-Evans had dropped into her lap before going up to have his shave. It was called income Taxes in the Commonwealth, and he'd said it would probably interest her.She found it didn't do that and had gone to see if there were any interesting books in the bookcase when the door opened and an old lady looked in. She and Gloria stared at each other for about half a minute, and Gloria's cheeks felt hot again. The old lady's top lip had vertical furrows and there was some- thing distrustful about her. She gave a few grunts with a puff of breath at the beginning of each one, and went out. Gloria didn't like to touch the bookcase now and told herself that the party would make everything worthwhile.When Mr Huws-Evans came back he bad a big red Patch on his neck. 'These razor-blade firms,' he said bitterly, but made no objection when Gloria asked if she could go and wash her hands. He even came to the foot of the stairs to show her the right door.The liquid make-up looked fine, the mascara went on like distemper on a wall and the ear-rings were just right now. She only hoped her white blouse and rust cocktail-length skirt, the only clothes she had that were at all evening, were evening enough. When she came out the old lady was there, about thirty inches away. This time she gave mote puffing grunts than before and started giving them sooner. She was still giving them when Gloria went downstairs. But then Mr Huws- Evans, as soon as he saw her, jumped up and said: ' You look absolutely stunning, Gloria,' so that part was worthwhile.After they'd left, what Gloria had been half-expecting all along happened, though not in the way she'd half-expected. It now appeared that they were much too early, and Mr Hews- Evans took her into a park for a sit-down. Before long he said: ' You know, Gloria, it means a lot to me, you coming out with me today.'This was hard to answer, so she just nodded.'I think you're the prettiest girl I've ever been out with."'Well, thank you very much, Mr Huws-Evans.''Won't you call me Waldo? I wish you would."‘Oh no, I don't think 1 could, really.'' Why not ? ''I,.. I don't think I know you well enough.'He stared at her with the large brown eyes she'd often ed- mired in the office, but which she now thought looked soft. Sadly, he said: ' If only you knew what I feel about you. Gloria, and how much you mean to me. Funny, isn't it? I couldn't have guessed what you were going to do to me, make me feel. I mean, when I first saw you.' He lurched suddenly towards her, but drew back at the last minute. 'If only you could feel for me justa tiny bit of what I feel for you, you've no idea what it would mean to me.'An approach of this kind was' new to Gloria and it flustered her. If, instead of all this daft talk, Mr Huws-Evans had tried to kiss her, she'd probably have let him, even in this park place; she could have handled that. But all he'd done was make her feel foolish and awkward. Abruptly, she stood up. 'I think we ought to be going.'Oh, not yet. Please. Please don't be offended.''I'm not offended, honest.'He got up too and stood in front of her. 'I'd give anything in the world to think that you didn't think too hardly of me. I feel such a worm.''Now you're not to talk so silly.'When it was much too late, Mr Huws-Evans did try to kiss her, saying as he did so: 'Oh, my darling.'Gloria side-stepped him.' I'm not your darling.’ she said decisively.After that neither spoke until they arrived at the house where the party was. Mr Huws-Evans's daft talk, Gloria thought, was to be expected from the owner of that mackintosh hat - which he still wore.When Mr Huws-Evans's brother caught sight of her their eyes met for a long moment. It was because of him - she'd seen him once or twice when he-called in at the office – that she'd accepted Mr Huws-Evans's invitation. Originally she'd intended just to look at him across the room while she let Mr Huws-Evans talk to her, but after what had happened she left Mr Huws-Evans to unpack his crisps and put them in bowls while the brother (it was funny to think that he was Mr Huws-Evans too, in a way) took her across the room, sat her on a sofa and started talking about interesting things.。
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS)-based polymers
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS)-Based PolymersJoseph J.Schwab 1*and Joseph D.Lichtenhan 21Hughes STX Corporation,Phillips Laboratory,Propulsion Directorate Edwards AFB,CA 93524,USA 2Phillips Laboratory,Propulsion Directorate,Edwards AFB,CA 93524,USAA diverse and entirely new class of monomer and polymer technology based on polyhedral oligo-meric silsesquioxane (POSS)reagents has been developed.POSS reagents are unique in thatthey are physically large (approx.15A˚diameter and 1000amu)and are composed of a robust silicon–oxygen framework that can be easily functionalized with a variety of organic sub-stituents.Appropriate functionalization of POSS cages allows for their incorporation into tradi-tional thermoplastic resins without modification of existing manufacturing processes.The incor-poration of POSS segments into linear copoly-mer systems results in increased glass transition and decomposition temperatures,increased oxy-gen permeability and reduced flammability and heat evolution,as well as modified mechanical properties relative to conventional organic systems.#1998John Wiley &Sons,Ltd.Keywords:polyhedral oligomeric silsesquiox-ane;hybrid;thermoplastic;polymerReceived 17June 1997;accepted 2September 1997INTRODUCTIONSince their discovery almost 70years ago,synthetic polymers have played an increasingly important role in daily life.This is especially true today,when polymers and plastics are finding their way into an evermore diverse array of products and applica-tions.However,along with this increased use have come more demanding requirements,such as higher temperatures of use and greater resistance to oxidation.Although the polymer industry hasbeen able to keep abreast of these demands,through the use of additive,filler and blend technologies,as well as increased empirical understanding of polymer microstructures,new developments tend to be incremental and the existing technology and knowledge are rapidly being pushed to their limits by the more demanding requirements of end-users.Although the range and types of plastic and polymer systems are quite impressive,much of this work has been accomplished using a relatively limited number of basic chemical building blocks,i.e.the monomers which make up the primary structure of the polymer system.Without excep-tion,these monomers are based on organic systems and the pool of available building blocks has remained almost static over the past 25years.A recent approach to meeting these demands has been the development of new plastics that have properties intermediate between those of traditional organic systems (i.e.polymers)and those of traditional inorganic systems (i.e.ceramics).This interest,along with the concomitant research effort,has given rise to the field of hybrid materials research,which endeavors to combine the proper-ties of traditional organic polymer systems (i.e.processability,toughness,cost)with the properties of inorganic compounds (i.e.thermal and oxidative stability)(Fig.1).For reviews and leading refer-ences on recent progress in hybrid materials,the reader should consults Refs1–3.Figure 1Schematic representation of the area of hybridmaterials.APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY anometal.Chem.12,707–713(1998)#1998John Wiley &Sons,C 0268–2605/98/100707–07$17.50*Correspondence to:Joseph J.Schwab,Hughes STX Corporation,Phillips Laboratory,Propulsion Directorate Edwards AFB,CA 93524,USA.Contract/grant sponsor:US Air Force Office of Scientific Research,Directorate of Chemistry.Contract/grant sponsor:Phillips Laboratory,Propulsion Directorate.Using this basic idea,several broad classes of hybrid plastics have been developed and are shown schematically in Fig.2.Examples of these include the sol–gel networks,which are three-dimensional crosslinked systems having a dispersed inorganic, silica-like phase in a polymer matrix;preceramic polymers,such as the polyphosphazenes,polycar-bosilanes,polysilanes and polysiloxanes;and inorganic/organic polymer blends.Furthermore,a revitalization of clay-filler technology has occurred with the development of methods for exfoliating layered clays into sheets which then become dispersed on afiner level than previously possible. More recently a diverse and entirely new chemical technology of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)nanocomposites has been developed.This technology affords the possibility of preparing plastics that contain nanoscale reinforcements (POSS segments)directly bound to the polymer chains.Unlike previous hybrid systems,the POSS technology materials have the additional advantage of being employable in the same manner as organic monomers or in the form of blendable resins. Here we describe some of our preliminary efforts to prepare well-defined,nanoreinforced,thermo-plastic polymeric hybrids with enhanced properties that can be understood and tailored at the molecular level.RESULTSWhereas the majority of the work on the synthesis of hybrid materials has been directed towards use of the sol–gel process,4our approach has been to prepare hybrid materials which can be incorporated into traditional linear,thermoplastic polymer sys-tems.The hybrid materials developed in our laboratory are based on POSS precursors.5,6POSS precursors are discrete,structurally well-defined compounds composed of a silicon–oxygen frame-work having the general formula(RSiO3/2)n,and are prepared via the hydrolysis of organotrichloro-silanes as shown in Scheme1.7,8,9Although some of the POSS precursors isolated from the hydrolysis mixture can be used directly in polymerization reactions,additional functionaliza-tion is often required.In order to incorporate the POSS reagents into linear polymer systems and thus avoid the formation of intractable,crosslinked networks,it is necessary to limit the number of functional groups to no more than one or two. Functionalization of the POSS framework is most easily accomplished by corner capping of the POSS-trisilanols with silane coupling agents con-taining organic groups suitable for polymerizations and/or grafting reactions(Scheme2).Isolated yields from the corner capping reactionsexceed Figure2Schematic representations of different hybrid plastics.#1998John Wiley&Sons,anometal.Chem.12,707–713(1998) 708J.J.SCHWAB AND J.D.LICHTENHANScheme 1POSS products from the hydrolysis of cyclohexyltrichlorosilane,(R =c-C 6H 11).Scheme 2Synthesis of polymerizable POSS reagents (R =non-reactive functionality;R '=polymerizable or graftablefunctionality).Scheme 3POSS functional groupinterconversion.Figure 3Some of the functionalities which can be prepared from POSS-trisilanol precursors.#1998John Wiley &Sons,Ltd.anometal.Chem.12,707–713(1998)POSS-BASED POLYMERS 70990%and are typically greater than 95%if care is taken to exclude moisture from the system.In cases where the appropriate functionality is not directly available by the corner capping sequence,subsequent functional group transforma-tions of the reactive group on the unique silicon arepossible.For example,the conversion of POSS-a -olefins to POSS-epoxides using m -chloroperben-zoic acid (MCPBA)is shown in Scheme 3.Using these methods,we have built up a large catalogue of POSS reagents containing polymeriz-able and/or graftable functionalities.ThismakesFigure 4Polymer architectures available from POSS monomers:(A)pendant;(B)AB multiblock ‘bead’,(C)ABA triblock;(D)star.#1998John Wiley &Sons,Ltd.anometal.Chem.12,707–713(1998)710J.J.SCHWAB AND J.D.LICHTENHANpossible the incorporation of POSS units into traditional resin systems.Some typical functional-ities are listed in Fig.3.These POSS reagents have a number of desirable physical properties.For example,they are highly soluble in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF),toluene,chloroform and hexane.They have high thermal stabilities,10and can be polymerized using standard polymerization protocol (i.e.radical polymerizations,condensation polymerizations,ring opening polymerizations etc.)to provide polymers with a variety of architectures as illustrated in Fig.4.Whereas hybrid materials produced from either the sol–gel process or from multifunctional POSS precursors 11(i.e.with functionality b 2)are highly crosslinked network polymers (akin to thermoset plastics)and as such tend to be difficult to process,our reagents can be used to produce thermoplastic polymers in which the inorganic portion of the hybrid is covalently linked to the organic polymer chain.It is this unique ability to start from well-defined hybrid monomers that makes it possible tocontrol the polymer architecture and ultimately to tailor the polymer properties at the molecular level.Incorporation of POSS-silanol,12POSS-acry-late,13POSS-styrene,14,15POSS-norborna-diene,16,17and POSS-bisphenol A monomers 18,19into the respective polysiloxanes,polyacrylates,polystyrenes,polynorbornadienes and polyur-ethanes has been demonstrated.All of the POSS-hybrid polymers prepared so far show thermoplas-tic behavior,and the POSS-urethanes exhibit full thermoplastic elasticity.To our knowledge these are the first hybrid organic/inorganic polymers to exhibit this behavior.Incorporation of POSS monomers into ordinary polymers can have dramatic effects on the copoly-mer properties.For example,Fig.5shows the thermomechanical (TMA)data for a set of cyclopentyl-POSS-methacrylate/butyl methacry-late copolymers.Copolymers containing 10mol%POSS have a softening point almost 130°C higher than the 20°C glass transition temperature (T g )for atactic poly(butyl methacrylate).The value of T g for atactic poly(butyl methacrylate)is takenfromFigure 5TMA data from cyclopentyl-POSS-methacrylate/butyl methacrylate copolymers:top,50:50copolymer;middle,20:80copolymer,bottom:10:90copolymer.(Au proportions in mol%.)#1998John Wiley &Sons,Ltd.anometal.Chem.12,707–713(1998)POSS-BASED POLYMERS 711Ref 20which also reports a range of 13–35°C.Incorporation of 20mol%POSS results in a further increase in the softening point by approximately 70°C,while a 50:50(mol/mol)copolymer has a softening point over 220°C higher than poly(butyl methacrylate).To date,similar results have been observed in every POSS copolymer system we have studied.Furthermore,as a result of their high formula weights,incorporation of only a small mol percentage of POSS monomer is necessary to achieve incorporation of a high weight percentage of POSS (Fig.6).We also find that relatively small amounts of POSS monomer are necessary to achieve many of these property enhancements.For example,in cyclopentyl-POSS-methacrylate/methyl methacry-late copolymers we find that addition of only 5mol%(35wt%)POSS results in a 50°C increase in T g .Moreover,the relationship between the percentage POSS incorporation and the increase in T g appears to be roughly linear up to the decomposition point,thus demonstrating the tailor-ability of POSS-containing hybrid polymers.In addition to increased T g ,we have also observed increased T dec ,increased resistance to oxidation,increased oxygen permeability,reduced flammabil-ity,reduced heat evolution,increased char yields and enhanced miscibility.Although we are only now beginning to develop an understanding of the effects that POSS frame-works have on polymer microstructure and the resulting effects on macroscopic properties,we believe that the observed property enhancements arise in part from the ability of the POSS segments to dominate polymer chain pared with traditional organic monomers,POSS mono-mers are physically very large.For example,the area swept out by an octomeric POSS monomer containing cyclohexyl substituents is approxi-mately 15A˚,in diameter with an inner Si–Si diameter of 5.4A˚.Furthermore,POSS monomers have formula weights of greater than 1000amu.By way of comparison,the dimensions or crystal lamellae in semicrystalline polymers are of theorder of 10–25A˚Â0.1–1m m with the amorphous layer thickness ranging from 5to 10nm.21It therefore seems reasonable to consider POSS frameworks as macromeric with respect to polymer chain dimensions.SUMMARYThe development of POSS-based reagents has provided polymer and materials scientists with a new class of hybrid building blocks.POSS reagents are discrete,well-defined monomers that can be incorporated into polymer systems using estab-lished polymerization protocol.The hybrid poly-mer systems into which POSS hasbeenFigure 6Relationship between mol as percentage and weight percentage of POSS in cyclopentyl-POSS-methacrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymers.#1998John Wiley &Sons,Ltd.anometal.Chem.12,707–713(1998)712J.J.SCHWAB AND J.D.LICHTENHANincorporated have been shown to be thermoplastic in nature,and to have enhanced thermal,mechan-ical and oxidative properties relative to the non-POSS-containing polymers.In addition,the proper-ties of a particular polymer system can be rationally tailored by controlling the percentage of POSS incorporated.Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research,Directorate of Chemistry and Life Sciences,and the Phillips Laboratory,Propulsion Directorate, forfinancial support.REFERENCES1.J.E.Mark,Y.-C.C.Lee and P.A.Bianconi(eds),HybridOrganic–Inorganic Composites,ACS Symp.Ser.No.585, American Chemical Society,Washington,DC,1995.2.L.Mascia,Trends Polym.Sci.3,61(1995).3.C.Sanchez and F.Ribot,Nouv.J.Chem.18,1007(1995).4.P.Judeinstein and C.Sanchez,J.Mater.Chem.6,511(1996).5.J.D.Lichtenhan,in:Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia,Salamone,J.C.(ed.),CRC Press,New York,1996,pp 7769–7778.6.J.D.Lichtenhan,Comments Inorg.Chem.17,115(1995).7.J.F.Brown and L.H.Vogt,J.Am.Chem.Soc.87,4313(1965).8.F.J.Feher,D.A.Newman and J.F.Walzer,J.Am.Chem.Soc.111,1741(1989).9.F.J.Feher,T.A.Budzichowski,R.L.Blanski,K.J.Wellerand J.W.Ziller,Organometallics10,2526(1991).10.R.A.Mantz,P.F.Jones,K.P.Chaffee,J.D.Lichtenhan,J.W.Gilman,I.M.Ismail and M.J.Burmeistr,Chem.Mater.8,1250(1996).11.A.Sellinger and ine,Macromolecules29,2327(1996).12.J.D.Lichtenhan,N.Q.Vu,J.A.Carter,J.W.Gilman andF.J.Feher,Macromolecules26,2141(1993).13.J. D.Lichtenhan,Y.Otonari and M.J.Carr,Macro-molecules28,8435(1995).14.T.S.Haddad and J.D.Lichtenhan,Macromolecules29,7302(1996).15.T.S.Haddad,E.Choe and J.D.Lichtenhan,Mater Res.Soc.Symp.Proc.435,25(1996).16.T.S.Haddad,A.R.Farris and J.D.Lichtenhan,Polym.Prep.38,127(1997).17.T.S.Haddad,J.J.Schwab,P.T.Mather,A.Romo-Uribe,Y.Otonari,M.J.Carr and J.D.Lichtenhan,Soc.Plast.Eng.ANTEC97Conf.Proc.,1997,Vol.2,p.1814.18.J.J.Schwab,J.D.Lichtenhan,P.T.Mather,A.Romo-Uribe and F.J.Feher,211th Meeting of the American Chemical Society New Orleans LA1996.19.F.J.Feher,J.J.Schwab,D.M.Tellers and A.Burstein,Main Group Chem.2,123(1998).20.W.A.Lee and R.A.Rutherford,in:Polymer Handbook,Brandrup,J.and Immergut,E.H.(eds),John Wiley,New York,1975.21.F.J.Balta´Calleja,Trends Polym.Sci.2,419(1994).#1998John Wiley&Sons,anometal.Chem.12,707–713(1998) POSS-BASED POLYMERS713。
狮子王辛巴英语作文
The Lion King's Journey of RedemptionSimba,the beloved protagonist of Disney's iconic film"The Lion King,"embarks on a transformative journey of self-discovery,redemption,and leadership.From his carefree days as a cub to his eventual ascent to the throne,Simba's story is a timeless tale of courage,resilience, and the enduring power of redemption.Born into the royal pride of Pride Rock,Simba is destined to inherit the throne from his father,Mufasa,the wise and noble king.However,his idyllic life is shattered when his uncle Scar, consumed by jealousy and ambition,orchestrates a coup to seize power for himself.Through a series of tragic events,Simba is led to believe that he is responsible for his father's death and flees into exile,haunted by guilt and shame.Lost and alone in the vast wilderness,Simba embarks on a journey of self-discovery and redemption,guided by unexpected allies and profound life lessons.Along the way,he encounters Timon and Pumbaa,a meerkat and warthog duo who teach him the philosophy of"Hakuna Matata"–no worries.Through their carefree lifestyle and infectious zest for life,Simba learns to let go of his past and embrace the present moment.However,Simba's peaceful existence is disrupted when he is confronted by his past and the responsibilities he left behind.With the help of his childhood friend Nala and the wise mandrill Rafiki,Simba confronts his inner demons and finds the courage to reclaim his rightful place as king.Guided by the spirit of his father,Mufasa,Simba learns the true meaning of leadership–to protect and preserve the circle of life.In the climactic battle against Scar and his hyena henchmen,Simba confronts his fears and insecurities,emerging victorious as the true king of the Pride Lands.With wisdom,compassion, and humility,he restores balance and harmony to his kingdom,fulfilling his destiny and honoring the legacy of his father.Simba's journey serves as a powerful reminder of the transformative power of redemption and the importance of facing our past in order to embrace our future.Through courage, resilience,and the support of loved ones,we can overcome adversity,find our true selves,and fulfill our destiny as leaders in our own right.In conclusion,Simba's story resonates with audiences of all ages,inspiring us to confront our fears,embrace our destiny,and live with courage,compassion,and integrity.As we journey through life,may we draw strength from Simba's example and remember that no matter how daunting the challenges may seem,we have the power within us to rise above adversity and become the heroes of our own stories.。
美国文学史_作者 作品
美国文学史_作者作品Part 1. Colonial America(1607-1800)John Smith(158-1631)约翰斯密斯 The General History of Virginia弗吉尼亚通史, A Description of New England新英格兰概览William Bradford(1590-1657)威廉布Of Plymouth Plantation普利茅斯拓荒记莱德福John Winthrop(1588-1649)约翰温斯A Model of Christian Charity基督徒慈善的典范洛普Anne Bradstreet(1612-1672) “Contemplations”, “Upon the Burning of Our House”,” To My Dear and LovingHusband”, In Reference to Her Children”,” The Flesh and The Spirit” As WearyPilgrim”Edward Taylor(1642-1729)爱德华泰“Huswifery”, “Upon a Spider Catching a Fly”勒Roger Williams(1603-1683)罗杰威廉The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience斯John Woolman(1720-1772) “Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes”, A Plea for the Poor” Thomas Paine(1737-1809) The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题;Common Sense常识;AmericanCrisis美国危机;Rights of Man人的权利:Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason理性时代Philip Freneau(1752-1832) The Rising Glory of America;The British Prison Ship英国囚船;To the Memoryof the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground; The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi Charles Brockden Brown(1771-1810) Wieland; Edgar Huntly; Ormond; Arthur MervynJonathan Edwards(1703-1758)爱德华The Freedom of the Will《意志的自由》 The Great Doctrine of Original Sin 兹 defended《原罪说辩》 The Nature of True Virtue真美德的性质; Images orShadows of Divine Things《神灵的形影》;” Personal Narrative”; “Sinners in theHands of an Angry God”愤怒的上帝手中之罪人Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790) Poor Richard?s Almanac穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth致富之道;TheAutobiography 自传Hector St.John de Crevecour Letters form an American Farmer来自美国农夫的信(1735-1813)克里夫古尔Part 2. American Romanticism(1800-1860)Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch 1783-1859 Danasty;纽约外史 ;The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent见闻札记;The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus哥伦布传;AChronicle of the Conquest of Granada格拉纳达征服编年史; The Alhambra 阿尔罕布拉; Life of Goldsmith戈尔德斯密传; Life of Washington华盛顿传; “RipVan Winkle”; “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”;”The Authors Account ofHimself”James Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者; Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The 尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 Pioneer拓荒者;The Last of the Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者Part 3.New England Transcendentalism(1836-1855)Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔Essays散文集:Nature(1836) -----the Manifesto( Bible) of the New England 多?爱默生1803-1882 Transcendentalism;” The American Scholar-----America?s Declaration of Intellectual Independence; “The Poet”; Representative Men代表人物;EnglishTraits英国人的特征;Henry David Thoreau亨利?大卫?梭Walden, or Life in the Woods; 瓦尔登湖“ Civil Disobedience”; “A Plea for 罗1817-1862 John Brown”; A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers;1Amos Bronson Alcott(1799-1888)Margaret Fuller(1810-1850) :《1843年的湖光夏日》(Summer on the Lakes in 1843)(1844)和《论文学与艺术》(Papers on Literature and Art)(1846)。
英美文学名词解释
英美文学名词解释1.The characteristic features in romanticperiod:①subjectivism主观主义: The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.强烈情感的自然流露②spontaneity自然性: The role of instinct, intuition is stressed in this period.③singularity奇特性: Poets in this period have a favor in describing unusual things④worship of nature对自然的崇拜: a main feature in this period⑤ simplicity质朴性: Common people gradually become the center of attention in this period.⑥ melan choly feelings deeply entrenched in this period.愁思的情绪充斥着这个时期。
⑦poets show their favor to outpour their feelings through their lines. 作家较喜欢通过诗句抒发情感。
2.literary points in the lyrical ballads:1.It mainly talked about Common people.2. Use vivid imaginationto constitute their poems.3.they respect Laws of humanity 4.Use Simple language 5. Focus on Morale principl e.3. Lake poets and their works:①William wordsworth: Lyrical ballads, the solitary reaper ②Samuel Taylor Coleridge :lyrical ballads, kubla khan ③Ro bert southey: a vision of trail, the doctor.4. The common features of Victorian novels:①the plot is unfolded against background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.②the course-effect sequence is much more striking than in previous novels.围绕主人公经历而形成的原因与其影响比以往小说更显精彩。
《王冠》一部不得不看的历史剧:了解神秘的英国王室,这部就够了
《王冠》一部不得不看的历史剧:了解神秘的英国王室,这部就够了小伙伴们都知道,今年国际政坛出了不少赚足人气的大剧,比如英国的《脱欧记》,韩国的《我和闺蜜之间不得不说的秘密》以及美国的《川普大战希拉里》,但是,看了这么多重口味的剧,不免有些腻。
一口气刷完《王冠》第一季全部十集的的小编表示,这剧绝对值得观看,对于喜欢历史剧,宫廷剧的小伙伴来说,更是不容错过!一部优秀的电视剧离不开强大的制作班底,此次《王冠》更是强强联合了最佳导演和最佳编剧。
导演方面,最出名的就是史蒂芬·戴德利(StephenDaldry)。
三次提名奥斯卡最佳导演,执导过《跳出我天地》《时时刻刻》和《朗读者》。
编剧方面,则由《女王》、《对话尼克松》的编剧皮特·摩根(PeterMorgan)操刀。
擅长人物传记的他,也曾获得两次奥奖提名,对皇室和政治题材尤其得心应手。
英国《每日电讯报》称:Netflixarereunitingtheteambehind2006'sOscar-winningroyalbiopicTheQuee n.Netflix重新聚集了获2016年奥斯卡奖的皇家传记片《女王》的幕后团队。
WriterPeterMorganandproducerAndyHarrieshavebeenworkingalongsideBillyE lliotdirectorStephenDaldrytobring"thecovetedworldofpowerandprivilegeb ehindlockeddoorsinWestminsterandBuckinghamPalace"tothesmallscreen.编剧皮特·摩根和制片人安迪·哈里斯以及《跳出我天地》导演史蒂芬·戴德利要把“锁在威斯敏斯特和白金汉宫门中的充满权利和特权的世界”搬到小荧幕上。
这部Netflix的年度大作,前两季的制作费用就高达1亿英镑。
list of aircraft manufacturers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchThis is a list of aircraft manufacturers sorted alphabetically by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)/common name. It contains the ICAO/common name, manufacturers name(s), country and other data, with the known years of operation in parenthesis.The ICAO names are listed in bold. Having an ICAO name does not mean that a manufacturer is still in operation today, just that some of the aircraft produced by that manufacturer are still flying.See also:aircraft, list of aircraft engine manufacturersA B-C D-G H-L M-P Q-S T-Z∙A2I2 - see Allied Aerospace Industries∙AAA - see Advanced Amphibious Aircraft∙AAC - see Advanced Aircraft Corporation∙AAC - see Amphibian Airplanes of Canada∙Aachen Flugzeugbau (Germany) - founded 1914, renamed Aachener Segelflugzeugbau in 1921∙Aachener Segelflugzeugbau (Germany) - renamed from Aachen Flugzeugbau 1921, absorbed into Junkers in 1923∙AAI - see Aircraft Armaments Incorporated∙AAI - see Aviation Association Ilyushin∙AAI Corporation (United States) - renamed from Aircraft Armaments Incorporated in 1985, currently operational∙AAMSA - see Aeronáutica Agrícola Mexicana SA∙AAS - see Ateliers Aãronautiques de Suresnes∙AASI - see Advanced Aerodynamics and Structures Inc. - filed for bankruptcy in 2004 (defunct)∙AAT - Unknown, (1945–1950)∙AAT - Advantage Aviation Technologies Inc. (United States) - Cleburne Texas - FAA certified repair station and parts manufacturer - from 1993–present∙A-B Helicopters (United States)∙ABAP - Unknown, (1958-?)∙Abaris Aircraft Corporation (United States) - formed 2001, currently operational∙Abbot (E. D. Abbott Ltd.) (United Kingdom∙ABC Motors Ltd. (United Kingdom) - formed 1912, absorbed into Vickers in 1951∙ABHCO - see Arab British Helicopter Company∙Abraham, Abraham - France∙Abrams Air Craft Corporation (United States), formed 1937, defunct 1940∙ABS, ABS Aircraft - Germany, (1985-?)∙ABS, ABS Aircraft AG - Switzerland, (1985-?)∙AC Mobil 34, AC Mobil 34 - France∙ACAZ - Ateliers de Construction Aãronautique de Zeebruges, Belgium ∙ACBA, Aãro Club de Bas Armagnac - France∙Ace, Ace Aircraft Manufacturing and Supply - United States∙Ace, Ace Aircraft Manufacturing Company - United States, (1929–1931) > Corben Aircraft Company∙Ace, Ace Aircraft Manufacturing Inc - United States∙Aceair, Aceair SA - Switzerland∙Aces High, Aces High Light Aircraft Ltd - Canada∙ACS, Advanced Composites Solutions - United States∙ACME, Air Craft Marine Engineering - United States, (1954-?)∙Acme, Acme Aircraft Corp - United States, (1929-?)∙Acro Sport, Acro Sport Inc - United States, (?-present)∙AD Aerospace, AD Aerospace Ltd - United Kingdom∙ADA, Aeronautical Development Agency - India, (1984–present) ∙Adam (1), Roger Adam - France, (1948–1955)∙Adam (2), Adam Aircraft Industries LLC - United States, (1998, defunct 2008) (AAI)∙Adamoli-Cattani, Adamoli-Cattani - Italy∙Adams Aero, Adams Aeronautics Company, Inc - United States∙Adams, Adams Industries Inc - United States∙Adams-Toman, Adams-Toman Aircraft Co - United States∙Adams-Wilson, Adams-Wilson Helicopters Inc - United States∙Adaro, Adaro - Spain∙ADC Aircraft, Aircraft Disposals Company - United Kingdom, (1920–1930)∙Adcox, Adcox Aviation Trade School - United States∙Adkisson, Earl and Jerry Adkisson - United States∙Adler, Adler (Adlerwerke vorm Heinrich Kleyer) - Germany, (1934-?) ∙Admiralty, British Admiralty Air Department - United Kingdom, (AD) ∙Advanced Aerodynamics and Structures, Inc. (AASI) (United States) - founded 1989, renamed to Mooney Aerospace Group in 2002 ∙Advanced Aeromarine, Advanced Aeromarine - United States, > Keuthan Aircraft∙Advanced Aircraft Corporation (AAC) - United States∙Advanced Amphibious Aircraft (AAA) - Germany/Italy, (1988-?)∙Advanced Aviation, Advanced Aviation Inc - United States∙Advanced Soaring Concepts, Advanced Soaring Concepts - United States∙Adventure Air, Adventure Air - United States∙AD-Y, Antonov Dnipropetrovsk-Pivdenmash - Ukraine∙AEA, Aeronautical Engineers Australia Research Pty Ltd - Australia, (1978–present)∙AEA, Aerial Experiment Association - Canada, (1907–1909) > Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company∙AEC, Aircraft Engineering Corp - United States∙AEG, Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft - Germany, (1910–1918) (General Electricity Company)∙AEKKEA-RAAB, AEKKEA - Greece (1935–1940)∙AER, Aer Aircraft Corp. - United States∙Aer Lualdi, Aer Lualdi & C SpA - Italy∙Aer Pegaso, Aer Pegaso - Argentina∙Aerauto, Aerauto - Italy, (1950–1953)∙Aereon, Aereon - United States, (1967-?)∙Aerfer, Aerfer-Industrie Aerospaziali Meridionali SpA - Italy, (1955–1969) > Aeritalia∙Aerfer, Aerfer-Industrie Meccaniche Aeronautiche Meridionali SpA - Italy∙Aerfer-Aermacchi, see AERFER and AERMACCHI - Italy∙Aerial Distributors, Aerial Distributors - United States, (1967-?) ∙Aerial Service Corporation, Aerial Service Corporation - United States, (1920-?) > Mercury Aircraft∙Aãriane, Aãriane - Belgium∙Aeritalia, Aeritalia-Società Aerospaziale Italiana pA - Italy, (1969–1981) > Alenia∙Aeritalia-Aermacchi, see AERITALIA and AERMACCHI - Italy∙Aermacchi, Aermacchi SpA - Italy, (1913–present)∙'Aermacchi, Aeronautica Macchi SpA - Italy∙Aero (1), Aero Design and Engineering Company - United States, (1944–1960) > Rockwell∙Aero (2), Aero Vodochody AS - Czech Republic, (1994–present) ∙Aero (2), Aero Vodochody Národní Podnik - Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, (1919–1994)∙Aero (3), Aero Sp z oo - Poland∙Aero Adventure, Aero Adventure Inc - United States∙ A.E.R.O. Aircraft Services, LLC, United States - manufacturer of Lake amphibian aircraft∙Aero Boero, Aero Boero SA - Argentina, (1952–present)∙Aero Boero, Aero Boero SRL - Argentina∙Aero Boero, Aero Talleres Boero SRL - Argentina∙Aero Bravo, Aerobravo Industria Aeronautica Ltda - Brazil, (1993–present)∙Aero Commander, Aero Commander Inc - United States∙Aero Composites, Aero Composites - United States∙Aero Design Associates - United States∙Aero Designs, Aero Designs Inc - United States∙Aero Gare, Aero Gare - United States∙Aero Jaen, Aeronautica de Jaen - Spain∙Aero Kuhlmann, Aero Kuhlmann - France∙Aero Mercantil, Aero Mercantil SA - Colombia∙Aero Mirage, Aero Mirage Inc - United States∙Aero Mod, Aero Mod General - United States∙Aero Resources - United States∙Aero Spacelines, Aero Spacelines Inc - United States, (1961–1974) > Tracor∙AeroCad, AeroCad Inc - United States∙Aero-Cam, Aero-Cam Pty Ltd - (South Africa)∙Aerocar, Aerocar Inc - United States∙Aerocar International, Aerocar International - United States, (1945–1961)∙Aãrocentre, Sociãtã Nationale de Constructions Aãronautiques du Centre - France, (SNCAC)∙Aero-Club, Aero-Club der Schweiz - Switzerland∙Aerocomp, Aerocomp Inc - United States∙Aero-Composites, Aero-Composites Technologies Inc - United States ∙Aero-Craft, Aero-Craft - Unknown∙Aero-Difusión, Aero-Difusión SL - Spain (1955- )∙Aãrodis, Aãrodis SARL - France∙Aero-Flight, Aero-Flight - United States∙Aerion Corporation - United States∙Aero-Jodel, Aero Flugzeugbau Hubert Zuerl - Germany∙Aerokopter, OOO Aerokopter - Ukraine∙AeroLites, Aerolites Inc - United States∙Aeromarine, Aeromarine Plane and Motor Co. - United States, (1908–1935) (Prior to 1914 was the Boland Aeroplane and Motor Co.) > Burnelli∙Aeromere, Aeromere SpA - Italy∙Aeromot, Aeromot Industria Mecanico-Metalurgica Ltda - Brazil ∙Aeromot, Aeronaves e Motores SA - Brazil∙Aeronautica Agrícola Mexicana SA (AAMSA) (Mexico) - founded 1971, dissolved 1984∙Aeronautical Engineering Co., Aeronautical Engineering Co. - United States∙Aeroneering - United States∙Aeronca, Aeronautical Corporation of America - United States, (1928–1951)∙Aeronca, Aeronca Manufacturing Corporation - United States∙Aeroplastika, Aeroplastika - Lithuania∙Aeropract, Aeropract JSC - Russia∙Aeropract, KB Aeropract - Russia∙Aeropract, LM Aeropract Samara - Russia∙Aeropract, OKB Aeroprakt - Russia∙Aeropract, Aeroprakt Firma - Ukraine∙Aeropract, Aeroprakt ooo - Ukraine∙Aeropro, Aeropro sro - Slovakia∙Aeroprogress, Aeroprogress Corporation - Russia∙Aeroric, Aeroric Nauchno-Proizvodstvennoye Predpriyatie OOO - Russia∙AEROSPACE MANUFACTURING Inc United States∙Aeros, Aeros - Ukraine∙Aerospace General - United States∙Aãrospatiale, Sociãtã Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale - France, (1970–1999) (SONACA) > Aãrospatiale-Matra∙Aãrospatiale-Matra, Aãrospatiale-Matra - France, (1999–2000) > EADS∙Aerospool, Aerospool spol sro - Slovakia∙Aerosport, Aerosport Inc - United States∙Aerostar, SC Aerostar SA - Romania∙Aerostar Aircraft, Aerostar Aircraft Corporation - United States ∙Aãrostructure, Aãrostructure SARL - France∙Aerosud, Aerosud - (South Africa)∙Aerotaller, Aerotaller - Argentina∙Aerotec, Aerotec SA Industria Aeronáutica - Brazil, (1962–1987) ∙Aerotechnik, Aerotechnik CZ SRO - Czech Republic∙Aerotãcnica - Spain∙Aerotek (1), Aerotek Inc - United States∙Aerotek (2), Aeronautical Systems Technology - (South Africa) ∙Aero-Volga, NPO Aero-Volga - Russia∙Aesl, Aero Engine Services Ltd - New Zealand∙AFIC, AFIC Pty Ltd - (South Africa)∙AFU - Switzerland∙Ag-Cat, Ag-Cat Corporation - United States∙AGO Flugzeugwerke, Ago Flugzeugwerke - Germany∙Agro-Copteros, Agro-Copteros Ltda - Colombia∙Agrolot, Fundacja Agrolot - Poland∙Agrolot, Wyposazen Agrolotniczych - Poland∙Agusta, Agusta SpA - Italy, (1907–present)∙Agusta, Agusta, Division of Finmeccanica - Italy∙Agusta, Costruzioni Aeronautiche Giovanni Agusta SpA - Italy∙Ahrens, Ahrens Aircraft Corp. - United States (1975-?)∙AI(R), Aero International (Regional) - UK/France/Italy∙AIAA, Atelier Industriel de l'Aãronautique d'Alger - Algeria, (1948–1960)∙Aichi Kokuki, Aichi Kokuki KK - Japan, (1931–1945) (Aichi Aircraft Company)∙AICSA, Aero Industrial Colombiana SA - Colombia∙AIDC, Aero Industry Development Center - Republic of China (Taiwan) ∙AIDC, Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation - Republic of China (Taiwan)∙AIEP, Aeronautical Industrial Engineering and Project Management Company Ltd - Nigeria∙AII, Aviation Industries of Iran - Iran, (1993–present)∙AIL, Aeronautics (India) Ltd - India∙AIR, Aircraft Investor Resources LLC - United States∙Air & Space, Air & Space America Inc - United States∙Air & Space, Air & Space Manufacturing Inc - United States∙Air Command, Air Command International Inc - United States∙Air Parts, Air Parts (NZ) Ltd - New Zealand∙Air Products, Air Products Company Inc - United States∙Air Tractor, Air Tractor Inc - United States, (1972–present) ∙Airbus, Airbus SAS - European Union, (1970–present)∙Airbus, GIE Airbus Industrie - European Union∙Airco, Aircraft Manufacturing Company - United Kingdom, (1912–1920) > de Havilland∙Airconcept, Airconcept Flugzeug und Gerätebau GmbH und Co KG - Germany∙Aircraft Armaments Incorporated (AAI) (United States) - founded 1950, renamed to AAI Corporation 1985∙Aircraft Cooperative, Aircraft Cooperative - United States∙Aircraft Designs, Aircraft Designs Inc - United States, (1986–present) (ADI)∙Aircraft Hydro-Forming, Aircraft Hydro-Forming Inc - United States ∙Aircraft Parts, Aircraft Parts and Development Corporation - United States∙Aircraft Spruce & Specialty Co, Aircraft Spruce & Specialty Company - United States∙Aircraft Technologies, Aircraft Technologies Inc - United States ∙Air-Fouga, Air-Fouga - France∙Airmaster, Airmaster Inc - United States∙Airspeed, Airspeed Ltd - United Kingdom, (1931–1951) > de Havilland∙Airtech (1), Airtech Canada Aviation Services Ltd - Canada∙Airtech (2), Aircraft Technology Industries - Indonesia/Spain ∙AISA, Aeronautica Industrial SA - Spain∙AJEP, AJEP Developments - United Kingdom∙AJI, American Jet Industries Inc - United States∙Akaflieg Berlin, Akademische Fliegergruppe Berlin eV - Germany ∙Akaflieg Braunschweig, Akaflieg Braunschweig - Germany∙Akaflieg Darmstadt, Akademische Fliegergruppe Darmstadt eV - Germany∙Akaflieg Hannover, Akaflieg Hannover - Germany∙Akaflieg Karlsruhe, Akademische Fliegergruppe Karlsruhe eV - Germany∙Akaflieg Munchen, Akademische Fliegergruppe München eV - Germany ∙Akaflieg Stuttgart, Akaflieg Stuttgart - Germany∙Akron, Akron Aircraft Company Inc - United States∙Akrotech, Akrotech Aviation Inc - United States∙Akrotech Europe, Akrotech Europe SA - France∙Alanne, Pentti Alanne - Finland∙Alaparma - Italy∙Albatros, Fabrika aviona Albatros - Yugoslavia∙Albatros Flugzeugwerke, Albatros Flugzeugwerke - Germany, (1910–1931) > Focke-Wulf∙Albatros-Flugzeugwerke, Ostdeutsche Albatros Werke - Germany, (East German Albatros Works)∙Alenia, Alenia - Italy, (1981–present)∙Alenia, Alenia Aerospazio, Division of Finmeccanica - Italy∙Alexander Aircraft Company, Englewood/Colorado Springs, Colorado - United States (1926–1932)∙Alfa-M, Alfa-M Nauchno-Proizvodstvennoye Predpriyatie AOOT - Russia∙Alisport, Alisport - Italy∙All American - USA∙Alliance Aeroplane Company, Alliance Aeroplane Company Ltd, United Kingdom∙Alliant, Alliant Techsystems - United States∙Allied Aerospace Industries - United States, (?-present)∙Allied Aviation - United States∙Allison, Allison Gas Turbine Division GMC - United States∙Alon, Alon Inc - United States, (1964–1967) > Mooney∙Alpavia, Alpavia SA - France, (1959–1966) > Sportavia-Putzer∙Alpavia, Sociãtã Alpavia - France∙Alpha, Alpha - Poland∙Alpi, Alpi Aviation Srl - Italy∙Alpla, Alpla-Werke Alwin Lechner OHG - Austria∙Altair Coelho, Altair Coelho - Brazil∙Alturair, Alturair - United States∙Alvarez, Joseph P. Alvarez - United States∙Amax, Amax Engineering - Australia∙Ambrosini, Societa Aeronautica Italiana Ing. A. Ambrosini & Companie - Italy, (1934–1958)∙Amc, Aircraft Manufacturing Company - United States, (1917–1920) ∙Amd, Aircraft Manufacturing and Development Company Inc - United States∙Ameagle, AmEagle Corporation - United States∙American, American Aviation Corporation - United States∙American Affordable, American Affordable Aircraft - United States, (AAA)∙American Aircraft, American Aircraft Inc - United States∙American Airmotive - United States∙Ameri-Cana Ultralights - Canada∙American Autogyro, American Autogyro Inc - United States∙American Champion, American Champion Aircraft Corporation - United States∙American Eagle, American Eagle Aircraft Corporation - United States ∙American General, American General Aircraft Company - United States ∙American Homebuilts, American Homebuilts' Inc - United States ∙American Sportscopter, American Sportscopter Inc - United States ∙American Utilicraft, American Utilicraft Corporation - United States∙Ameur Aviation SA (or simply "Ameur") - France∙Ameur Aviation Technologie (or simply "Ameur") - France∙Amiot, Amiot - France, (1915–1945) (Amiot-Peneau) > Ateliers Aeronautiques de Colombes, SNCAC∙Amoy, Amoy - Unknown, (1930–1935)∙Amphibian Airplanes of Canada (AAC) - Canada, (1998-?)∙AMS-Flight, AMS-Flight DOO - Slovenia∙AMX, AMX International Ltd - Italy/Brazil∙Anahuac, Fabrica de Aviones Anahuac SA - Mexico∙Anatra - Russia∙ANBO- Antanas Gustaitis at the Lithuanian Army Aviation Workshops - Lithuania∙Anderson, Anderson Aircraft Corporation - United States∙Anderson, Earl Anderson - United States∙Anderson-Greenwood, Anderson, Greenwood and Company - United States∙Andreasson, Björn Andreasson - Sweden∙ANF Mureaux, ANF Mureaux - France, (1918–1937) > SNCAN∙Angel, Angel Aircraft Corporation - United States∙Anglin, Anglin Engineering - United States∙Anglin, Anglin Special Aero Planes Inc - United States∙Anglo Normandy, Anglo Normandy Aero Engineering - United Kingdom ∙Ansaldo - Italy, (1916–1928)∙Antoinette, Antoinette - France, (1906–1912)∙Antoniewski, Tomek Antoniewski - Poland∙Antonov, Antonov OKB - Ukraine, (1947–present)∙Antonov, Aviatsionny Nauchno-Tekhnichesky Kompleks Imeni O K Antonova - Ukraine∙AOI, Arab Organisation for Industrialisation, Aircraft Factory - (Egypt)∙Apex Aircraft - France∙Applebay, Applebay Inc - United States∙Applegate & Weyant, Applegate & Weyant - United States∙Aquaflight, United States (1946)∙Aquila, Aquila Technische Entwicklungen GmbH - Germany∙Arab British Helicopter Company (ABHCO) (Egypt)∙Arado, Arado Flugzeugwerke GmbH - Germany, (1925–1945)∙Arc Atlantique, Arc Atlantique Aviation - France∙Arctic, Arctic Aircraft Company - United States∙ARDC, Air Force Research and Development Center - Philippines ∙Arkhangelski, Arkhangelski OKB - Russia∙Armstrong Siddeley, Armstrong Siddeley - United Kingdom, Possibly engine maker∙Armstrong Whitworth, Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft Ltd - United Kingdom, (1913–1958) > Hawker Siddeley∙Arnet Pereyra, Arnet Pereyra Aero Design - United States∙Arocet - United States∙Arpin, M. B. Arpin & Co. - United Kingdom∙Arrow (1), Arrow Airplane & Motors Corporation - United States ∙Arrow (2), Arrow Aircraft Company - Canada∙Arrow Aircraft, Arrow Airplane Company - United States, (1931–1935)∙Arrow Aircraft Ltd. - United Kingdom∙Arsenal de l'Aeronautique, Arsenal de l'Aeronautique - France, (1936–1953) > SFECMAS∙ARV, ARV Aviation Ltd - United Kingdom∙ASAP, Aircraft Sales & Parts - Canada∙ASJA - Sweden∙ASL, ASL Hagfors Aero AB - Sweden∙Asso Aerei, Asso Aerei Srl - Italy∙Associated Air, Associated Air - United States∙ASTA, Aerospace Technologies of Australia Pty Ltd - Australia, (1987–present)∙Astra, Astra Societe de Constructions Aeronautiques - France, (1909–1921) > Nieuport∙ATB, First Naval Air Technical Bureau (abbreviated Kugisho) - Japan, (1969–1996) > Aeronautical Development Agency∙Ateliers Aeronautiques de Colombes, Ateliers Aeronautiques de Colombes - France, -1945∙Ateliers Aãronautiques de Suresnes (AAS) (France) - founded 1945, now defunct∙Ateliers, Ateliers de Construction Aãronautique de Zeebrugge - Belgium, (1923–1933) (ACAZ) (Zeebrugge Aeronautical Construction Company) (ZACCO)∙Atlantic-Fokker, Atlantic Fokker Corporation (American Fokker) - United States∙Atlas, Atlas Aircraft Company - USA (1948)∙Atlas, Atlas Aircraft Corporation of South Africa (Pty) Ltd - (South Africa), (1965–present)∙Atlas, Atlas Aviation (Pty) Ltd - (South Africa)∙Atlas, Atlas Aviation, Division of Denel (Pty) Ltd - (South Africa)∙ATR, GIE Avions de Transport Rãgional - France/Italy, (1981–present)∙Aubert, Aubert Aviation - France, (1932–1940, 1945–1959)∙Aurora Flight Sciences, Aurora Flight Sciences Corp. - United States (1989–present)∙Auster, Auster Aircraft Ltd - United Kingdom, (1946–1961)∙Austflight, Austflight ULA Pty Ltd - Australia∙Austin Motors, Austin Motors Ltd. - United Kingdom∙Australian Aircraft & Engineering, Australian Aircraft & Engineering - Australia, (1910–1923)∙Australian Aircraft Consortium, Australian Aircraft Consortium - Australia, (1982–1985) (A joint venture between the Government Aircraft Factory, the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation and Hawker de Havilland.) > Hawker de Havilland∙Australian Autogyro - Australia (1984-?)∙Australite, Australite Inc - United States∙Auto-Aero, Auto-Aero - Hungary∙Avcraft, AvCraft Aviation LLC - United States∙AVE, Advanced Vehicle Engineers - United States, (1971–1973) ∙Avia (1), Azionari Vercellese Industrie Aeronautiche - Italy ∙Avia (2), Avia-Zavody Jirího Dimitrova - Czechoslovakia, (1919–1958)∙Avia (3), Nauchno-Proizvodstvennoe Obedinenie Avia - Russia∙Avia Baltika, Avia Baltika Aviation Ltd - Lithuania∙Aviabellanca, AviaBellanca Aircraft Corporation - United States, (1983–present)∙Aviafiber - Switzerland∙Aviamilano, Aviamilano Costruzioni Aeronautiche SRL - Italy, (1959-?)∙Aviastroitel, AviaStroitel Ltd - Russia∙Aviat, Aviat Aircraft Inc - United States∙Aviat, Aviat Inc - United States∙Aviatik, Österreichische-Ungarische Flugzeugfabrik Aviatik - Austria, (1910–1918) (Automobil und Aviatik)∙Aviatika, Aviatika JSC - Russia∙Aviatika, Kontsern Aviatika - Russia∙Aviation, Aviaton Nauchno-Proizvodstvennaya Aviatsionnaya Firma - Russia∙Aviation Association Ilyushin (Russia) - Formed 1992∙Aviation Composite Technology, Aviation Composite Technology - Philippines, (1990-?) (ACT)∙Aviation Development, Aviation Development International Ltd - United States∙Aviation Farm, Aviation Farm Ltd - Poland∙Aviation Industries of Iran, Iran∙Aviation Scotland, Aviation Scotland Ltd - United Kingdom∙Aviation Traders, Aviation Traders (Engineering) Ltd - United Kingdom, (1949–1962)∙Avibras, Avribras Aeroespacial SA - Brazil, (1963–1967) (Aviation Brazil)∙Avid, Avid Aircraft Inc - United States∙Avioane Craiova, SC Avioane Craiova SA - Romania∙Aviones Colombia, Aviones de Colombia SA - Colombia∙Avions Fairey, Avions Fairey SA - Belgium, (1931–1978) > Aärospatiale∙Avions Fairey, Fairey SA - Belgium∙Avions JDM - France∙Aviotechnica, Aviotechnica Ltd - Bulgaria/Russia∙Avipro, AviPro Aircraft Ltd - United States∙AVIS, AVIS Aircraft - Unknown, (1917–1923) -1941∙Avro, A. V. Roe & Company - United Kingdom, (1910–1963) > Hawker Siddeley∙Avro, A. V. Roe & Company Ltd - United Kingdom∙Avro, Avro International Aerospace Ltd - United Kingdom∙Avro Canada, Avro Aircraft Canada - Canada, (1945–1962) > Hawker Siddeley∙Avtek, Avtek Corporation - United States∙Ayres, Ayres Corporation - United States, (?-2001) > Thrush Aircraft∙Clãment Ader, Ader, Clement - France, (1886–1897)∙B&B Manufacturing Company Inc Valencia Ca, ∙B/E Aerospace - United States, UK, UAE, ∙B&W, Boeing & Westervelt - United States, (1916) > Pacific Aero ∙British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) Ltd - United Kingdom, (1959-1977) > British Aerospace∙Bach Aircraft - United States∙Bachem, Bachem - Germany, (1944-1945)∙BAE Systems, BAE Systems PLC - United Kingdom, (1999-present) ∙BAE Systems Australia, BAE Systems Australia Ltd - Australia∙BAI, Bureau of Aircraft Industry - Republic of China, (1946-1969) > Air Technical Bureau∙Bakeng, Bakeng Aircraft - United States∙Bakeng, Gerald Bakeng - United States∙Ball-Bartoe - United States∙Barkley-Grow, Barkley Grow Aircraft Corporation - United States ∙Barnett, Barnett Rotorcraft - United States∙Barr, Barr Aircraft - United States∙Barrows, Bob Barrows - United States∙Bartel - Poland∙Bartlett Aircraft - United States∙Basler, Basler Turbo Conversions Inc - United States∙BAT, British Aerial Transport Co. Ltd. - United Kingdom∙Bay Aviation, Bay - United States∙Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke - Germany, (1926-1938) (BFW - Bavarian Aircraft Works) > Messerschmitt∙Bd-Micro, BD-Micro Technologies Inc - United States∙Beagle, Beagle Aircraft (1969) Ltd - United Kingdom, (?-1970) > Scottish Aviation∙Beagle, Beagle Aircraft Ltd - United Kingdom∙Beagle-Auster, Beagle-Auster Ltd - United Kingdom∙Beardmore, William Beardmore & Co - United Kingdom∙Beaujon Aircraft - United States∙Bede, BD Micro Technologies Inc - United States∙Bede, Bede Aircraft Corporation - United States∙Bede, Bede Aircraft Inc - United States∙Bede, Bede Aviation Corporation - United States∙Bede, Bede Jet Corporation - United States∙Bede, BEDEAmerica Aerosport LLC - United States∙Beech, Beech Aircraft Corporation - United States, (1932-1980) > Raytheon > Hawker Beechcraft∙Beech-Sferma, see BEECH and SFERMA - United States/France∙Beecraft, Bee Aviation Associates, Inc. - United States, (1948-1960)∙Beets, Glenn Beets - United States∙Beijing Keyuan, Beijing Keyuan Light Aircraft Industrial Company Ltd - China∙Belairbus, Belairbus - Belgium, (1979-present)∙Bel-Aire, Bel-Aire Aviation - United States∙Bell, Bell Aircraft Corporation - United States, (1935-1960)∙Bell, Bell Helicopter Company, Division of Bell Aerospace Corporation - United States, (1960-present)∙Bell, Bell Helicopter Textron Inc - United States∙Bell, Bell Helicopter Textron, Division of Textron Canada Ltd - Canada∙Bell, Bell Helicopter Textron, Division of Textron Inc - United States∙Bell-Agusta, Bell-Agusta Aerospace Company - United States/Italy ∙Bellanca, Bellanca Aircraft Corporation - United States, (1927-1983) > AviaBellanca∙Bellanca, Bellanca Aircraft Engineering - United States∙Bellanca, Bellanca Inc - United States∙Bellanca, Bellanca Sales Manufacturing Inc - United States∙Bell-Boeing, see BELL and BOEING - United States∙Beneš & Hajn, Beneš & Hajn - Unknown, (1923) > Avia∙B eneš-Mráz - Czechoslovakia∙Bengis, Bengis Aircraft Company (Pty) Ltd - South Africa∙Bensen, Bensen Aircraft Corporation - United States, (?-1987) ∙Bereznyak-Isayev, Alexander Yakovlevich Bereznyak and Alexei Mikhailovich Isayev - Soviet Union∙Berger, Hans Berger - Switzerland∙Beriev, Beriev OKB - Russia, (1934-present) (Beriev Aircraft Company)∙Beriev, Berieva Aviatsionnyi Kompaniya - Russia∙Beriev, Taganrogsky Aviatsionnyi Nauchno-Tekhnicheskiy Kompleks Imeni G. M. Berieva - Russia∙Berkut, Berkut Engineering Inc - United States∙Berliner, Berliner Aircraft Co. - United States, (1926-1929) > Berliner-Joyce∙Berliner-Joyce, Berliner-Joyce Aircraft Corp. - United States, (1929-?)∙Bernard, Sociãtã des Avions Bernard - France∙Berwick, FW Berwick and Company Ltd. - United Kingdom∙Besson, Besson - France, (1915-1928) > ANF Mureaux∙Best Off, Best Off - France, (?-present)∙Bharat, Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd - India∙Billie, Billie Aero Marine - France∙Binder, Binder Aviatik KG - Germany∙Birdman, Birdman Aircraft, USA∙Birdman, Birdman Enterprises, Canada∙Bisnovat, Bisnovat - Russia∙Bitz, Bitz Flugzeugbau GmbH - Germany∙Bitz, Fa. Josef Bitz - Germany∙Blackburn, Blackburn Aircraft Ltd - United Kingdom, (1914-1949) > General Aircraft Ltd∙Blãriot, Sociãtã Blãriot Aãronautique - France, (1906-1914) > Blãriot-SPAD∙Blãriot-SPAD, Blãriot-SPAD - France, (1914-1936) > Sud-Ouest∙Blãriot-Voisin, Blãriot-Voisin - France, (1903-1906) > Blãriot, Voisin∙Bloch, Societã des Avions Marcel Bloch - France, (1930-1936) (1945) > Sud-Ouest, Dassault∙Blohm + Voss, Blohm + Voss - Germany, (1930-1969) > Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm∙Blue Yonder, Blue Yonder Aviation Inc - Canada∙Blume, Walter Blume - Germany∙B-N Group, B-N Group Ltd - United Kingdom, (1964-present) (Britten-Norman)∙Boeing, Boeing Aircraft Company - United States, (1917-present) ∙Boeing, The Boeing Airplane Company - United States∙Boeing, The Boeing Company - United States∙Boeing Canada, Boeing Aircraft of Canada Ltd - Canada∙Boeing North American, Boeing North American, Inc. - United States, (1996-present)∙Boeing Vertol, Boeing Vertol Company - United States∙Boeing-Sikorsky, see BOEING and SIKORSKY - United States∙Boeve, Boeve Fiberglass Components Inc - United States∙Bohemia, Bohemia - Czechia∙Boisavia, Sociãtã Boisavia - France∙Bolkow, Bölkow-Apparatebau GmbH - Germany, (1948-1968) > Messerschmitt-Bölkow∙Bolkow, Bölkow-Entwicklungen GmbH - Germany∙BOOTH AEROSPACE North America - United States∙Bombardier, Bombardier Inc - Canada, (1986-present)∙Borel, Etablissements Borel, France > SGCIM∙Boulton & Paul Ltd United Kingdom, (1914-1934)∙Boulton Paul Aircraft Ltd - United Kingdom, (1934-1961)∙Bowers, Peter M. Bowers - United States∙Bradley, Bradley Aerospace - United States∙Brandenburg, Brandenburg - Germany∙Brandli, Max Brändli - Switzerland∙Brantly, Brantly Helicopter Corporation - United States∙Brantly, Brantly Helicopter Industries USA Company Ltd - United States。
康德哲学与人类未来:2019 年国际学术研讨会 - 论文集说明书
会议时间:2019年6月7日—6月10日会议地点:中国,北京,北京大学官方语言:中文、英文、德文主办单位:北京大学哲学系北京大学外国哲学研究所康德哲学专业委员会协办单位:中华全国外国哲学史学会康德学会(德国)德意志联邦共和国驻华大使馆商务印书馆Date:June 7 (Friday) - June 10 (Monday), 2019 Venue: Peking University, Beijing, P.R. ChinaOfficial Language:Chinese, English, GermanHosts:Department of Philosophy, Peking UniversityInstitute of Foreign Philosophy, Peking UniversityChinese Kant-SocietySponsors:Chinese Society for History of Foreign PhilosophyKant-GesellschaftDeutsche Botschaft PekingThe Commercial Press目录/Contents前言/Foreword 1 会议日程/Program 9 论文摘要/Abstracts 29 会议信息/Conference Information 203 通讯录/Address Book 209 北京大学校园地图/Peking University Campus Map 210前言Foreword在来自北京大学哲学系和其他兄弟院校若干知名学者率先倡议下,在国内外诸多学界同仁鼎力支持下,中华全国外国哲学史学会于2018年批准了成立“康德哲学专业委员会”的申请。
为了庆祝本专业委员会的正式成立,也为了借此机会增进中国康德研究的内部交流与国际对话,北京大学哲学系、北京大学外国哲学研究所于2019年6月7日-10日在北京大学举办“康德哲学与人类未来”国际学术研讨会。
最全的外国名著名称翻译180部
最全的外国名著名称翻译180部最全的外国名著名称翻译1. gone with the wind 飘2. Jane.eyre 简。
爱3. The scarlet letter 红字4. The adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆索亚历险记5. Lady Chatterley's Lover 查太莱夫人的情人6. Tales of two cities 双城记7. Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见8. Uncle Tom's Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋9. The old man and the sea 老人与海10. 爱丽丝漫游记The Adventures of Alice in Wonderland11. 安徒生童话集Anderson's Fairy Tales12. 傲慢与偏见Pride and Prejudice13. 愤怒的葡萄Grapes of Wrath14. 格利佛游记Gulliver's Travels15. 格林童话集Grimm's Fairy Tales16. 根Roots17. 航空港Airport18. 呼啸山庄Wuthering Heights19. 环绕世界八十天Around the World in Eighty Days20. 嘉丽妹妹Sister Carrie21. 简·爱Jane Eyre22. 罗滨逊漂流记Robinson Crusoe23. 名利场Vanity Fair24. 牛虻The Gadfly25. 飘(乱世佳人)Gone with the Wind26. 圣经的故事The Story of the Bible27. 双城记A Tale of Two Cities28. 苔丝姑娘Tess of the D' ubervilles29. 天方夜谭(Tales from) The Arabian Nights30. 汤姆叔叔的小屋Uncle T om's Cabin31. 汤姆索亚历险记The Adventures of Tom Sawyer32. 王子与贫儿The Prince and the Pauper33. 雾都孤儿Oliver Twist34. 伊索寓言Aesop's Fables35. 远大前程The Great Expectations36. 月亮宝石The Moonstone37. 最后的诊断The Final Diagnosis38. Charles Darwin (by Carla Greene) 查尔斯;达尔文39. John F. Kennedy (by Charles P. Graves) 约翰;肯尼迪40. King Arthur and His Knights (by William Kottmeyer) 亚瑟王和他的骑士41. One Million Pound (by Mark Twain) 百万英镑42. Robin Hood (adapted by Michael West) 罗宾汉43. Rip Van Winkle (adapted by Michael West) 里普;范;温格尔44. Stories from the Sands of Africa (adapted by Michael West)非洲沙漠的故事45. Tales from the Arabian Nights (adapted by Michael West)天方夜谭46. The Canterbury Tales (adapted by Michael West) 坎特伯雷故事集47. The House of a Thousand Lanterns (by Victoria Holt) 千灯府48. The Legends of Ancient Rome 古罗马的传说49. The Mystery of the Island (by Jules Verne) 神秘的海岛50. The Seventh Key 第七把钥匙51. Three Men on the Bummel (by K. Jerome) 三人出游记52. Tom Jones (by Henry Fielding) 汤姆;琼斯53. Airport (by Arthur Hailey) 航空港54. Around the World in Eighty Days (by Jules Verne) 环绕世界八十天55. A Separate Peace (by John Knowles) 独自和解56. Daisy Miller (by H. James) 黛丝密勒57. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (by R. L. Stevenson) 化身博士58. Flowers for Mrs. Harris (by Paul Gallico) 献给哈里斯夫人的鲜花59. Frankenstein (by Mary Shelly) 弗兰肯斯特60. Hatter's Castle (by A. J. Cronin) 帽商的城堡61. Little Tom (by B. Bell & D. Bell) 小汤姆62. Lucky Jim (by Kingsley Amis) 幸运的吉姆63. The Adventures of Alice in Wonderland (by Lewis Carrol)艾丽斯漫游记64. The Black Tulip (by Alexandre Dumas) 黑郁金香65. The Life of Abraham Lincoln (by Stegan Lorant) 林肯传66. The Mill on the Floss (by George Eliot) 弗洛斯河上的磨坊67. The Prince and the Pauper (by Mark Twain) 王子和贫儿68. The Red Badge of Courage (by Stephen Crane) 红色英勇勋章69. The Scapegoat (by Daphne Du Maurier) 替罪羊70. The Sign of Indra 印达拉神像71. Thirty-nine Steps (by John Buchan) 三十九级台阶72. Three Men in a Boat (by J. K. Jerome) 三人同舟73. Tom Brown's Schooldays (by Thomas Hughes) 汤姆;布朗的求学时代74. Witch (by George Mackay Brown) 女巫75. Aesop's Fables 伊索寓言76. Anderson's Fairy Tales 安徒生通话选77. Compell's Kingdom (by Hammond Innes) 坎伯尔王国78. Frontiers of Science 科学的新领域79. Grimm's Fairy T ales 格林通话选80. Hotel (by Arthur Hailey) 旅馆81. Jamaica Inn (by Daphne Du Maurier) 牙买加旅店82. Popular Science Readings 英语科普小品83. Roots (by Alex Harley) 根84. Stories from Shakespeare (adapted by H. G. Wyatt) 莎士比亚戏剧故事集85. The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin (by Mark Twain) 哈克贝里芬历险记86. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (by Mark Twain) 汤姆索亚历险记87. The “Caine” Mutiny (by Herman Wink) “该隐”号兵变记88. The Citadel (by A. J. Cronin) 堡垒89. The Good Soldier Schweik (by Jaroslav Hasek, trans. ByPaul Selver) 好兵帅克90. The Moonstone (by Wilkie Collins) 月亮宝石91. The Pearl (by John Steinbeck) 珍珠92. The Story of Madame Curie ( by Alice Thorne) 居里夫人传93. Uncle Tom's Cabin (by H. Beecher Stowe) 汤姆叔叔的小屋94. Anna Karenina (by Leo Tolstoy) 安娜;卡列尼娜95. A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens) 双城记96. David Copperfield (by Charles Dickens) 大卫考伯菲尔德97. Emma (by Jane Austen) 爱玛98. Far from the Madding Crowd (by Thomas Hardy) 远离尘嚣99. Frenchman's Creek (by Charles Dickens) 法国人的小港湾100. Great Expectations (by Charles Dickens) 远大前程101. Gulliver's Travels (by Jonathan Swift) 格利佛游记102. Jane Eyre (by Charlotte Bronte) 简爱103. Jaws (by Peter Benchley) 大白鲨104. Lucky Jim (by Kinsley Amis) 幸运的吉姆105. Nicholas Nickleby (by Charles Dickens) 尼古拉斯.尼克尔贝106. Mary Barton (by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell) 玛丽.巴顿107. Monte Cristo (by Alexandre Dumas) 基度山伯爵108. Oliver Twist (by Charles Dickens) 雾都孤儿109. Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen) 傲慢与偏见110. Rebecca (by Daphne Du Maurier) 蝴蝶梦111. Silas Marner (by George Eliot) 塞拉斯.马纳112. Tess of the D'ubervilles (by Thomas Hardy) 德伯家的苔丝113. The Green Years (by A. Cronin) 青春的岁月114. The Hunckback of Notre Dame (by Victor Hugo) 巴黎圣母院115. The Mayor of Casterbridge (by Thomas Hardy) 卡斯特桥市长116. The Three Musketeers (by Alexandre Dumas) 三个火枪手117. Treasure Island (by R. L. Steveson) 金银岛118. Vanity Fair (by W. M. Thackeray) 名利场119. Woman in White (by Wilkie Collins) 白衣女人120. Wuthering Heights (by Emily Bronte) 呼啸山庄121. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (by Lewis Carrol) 艾丽斯漫游记122. Child's History of England (by Charles Dickens) 儿童英国史123. Good-bye, Mr. Chips (by James Hilton) 再会,契普斯先生124. INTERPOL (by Peter G. Lee) 国际警察组织125. Robinson Crusoe (by Daniel Defoe) 鲁滨逊漂流记126. The Gadfly (by E. L. Voynich) 牛虻127. The Story of the Bible (by Van Loon) 圣经的故事128. The Story of Mankind (by H. William Van Loon) 人类的故事129. The Great Road (by Agnes Smedley) 伟大的道路一般原著130. An Inspector Calls (by J. B. Priestley) 罪恶之家131. An Invisible Man (by H. G. Wells) 隐身人132. A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens) 双城记133. David Copperfield (by Charles Dickens) 大卫.考伯菲尔德134. Emma (by Jane Austen) 爱玛135. Gone with the Wind (by Margaret Mitchell) 飘136. Gulliver's Travels (by Jonathan Swift) 格利佛游记137. Hotel (by Arthur Hailey) 旅馆138. Oliver Twist (by Charles Dickens) 雾都孤儿139. Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen) 傲慢与偏见140. Pygmalion (by Bernald Shaw) 茶花女141. Red Star over China (by Edgar Snow) 西行漫记142. Roots (by Alex Haley) 根143. Selected Readings from D. H. Lawrence 劳伦斯作品选读144. The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin (by mark Twain) 哈克.贝里芬历险记145. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (by Mark Twain) 汤姆.索亚历险记146. The Jungle (by Upton Sinclair) 丛林147. The Old Man and The Sea (by Ernest Hemingway) 老人与海148. The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists (by Robert Tressell) 穿破裤子的慈善家149. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (by William L.Shirer) 第三帝国的兴亡150. Uncle Tom's Cabin (by H. Beecher Stowe) 汤姆叔叔的小屋151. Winds of War (by Herman Woul) 战争风云152. A Farewell to Arms (by Ernest Hemingway) 永别了武器153. Airport (by Arthur Hailey) 航空港154. A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens) 双城记155. Financier (by Theodore Dreiser) 财政家156. Grapes of Wrath (by J. Steinbeck) 愤怒的葡萄157. Jane Eyre (by Charlotte Bronte) 简爱158. Jude the Obscure (by Thomas Hardy) 无名的裘德159. Lady Chatterley's Lover (by D. H. Lawrence)查泰莱夫人德情人160. Martin Eden (by Jack London) 马丁.伊登161. Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen) 傲慢与偏见162. Sense and Sensibility (by Jane Austen) 理智与情感163. Sister Carrie (by Theodore Dreiser) 嘉丽妹妹164. Sons and Lovers (by D. H. Lawrence) 儿子和情人165. Tess of the D'ubervilles (by Thomas Hardy) 德伯家的苔丝166. The American Tragedy (by Theodore Dreiser) 美国的悲剧167. The Final Diagnosis (by Arthur Hailey) 最后的诊断168. The God Father (by Mario Puzo) 教父169. The Great Gatsby (by F. Scott Fitzgerald) 了不起的盖茨比170. The Hunckback of Notre Dame (by Victor Hugo) 巴黎圣母院171. The Moneychangers (by Arthur Hailey) 钱商172. The Rainbow (by D. H. Lawrence) 虹173. The Red and The Black (by Stendhal) 红与黑174. The Return to the Native (by Thomas Hardy) 还乡175. The Scarlet Letter (by Nathaniel Hawthorne) 红字176. The Sun Also Rises (by Ernest Hemingway) 太阳照样升起177. The Thorn Birds (by Colleen Mccullough) 荆棘鸟178. The Three Musketeers (by Alexandre Dumas) 三个火枪手179. Vanity Fair (by W. M. Thackeray) 名利场180. Wives and Daughters (by Elizabeth Gaskell) 妻子与女儿181. Wuthering Heights (by Emily Bronte) 呼啸山庄。
福特 Mustang 车型说明说明书
MODELMustang EcoBoostMustang GTMustang Dark HorseConstruction/materials Unitized welded steel body,aluminum hood and steel front fenders Unitized welded steel body,aluminum vented hood and steel front fenders Unitized welded steel body, aluminum vented hood and steel front fenders Body style Fastback coupe, convertible Fastback coupe, convertible Fastback coupe Trim levelEcoBoost, EcoBoost Premium GT, GT Premium Dark Horse Final assembly locationFlat Rock, MichiganFlat Rock, MichiganFlat Rock, MichiganENGINE CONFIGURATIONEngine 2.3-liter EcoBoost5.0-liter V85.0-liter V8Configuration Port fuel direct injection turbocharged I-4Dual port fuel direct injection V8Dual port fuel direct injection V8ValvetrainDOHC, Ti-VCTDOHC, Ti-VCTDOHC, Ti-VCTBlock/head material High-pressure cast aluminum block and headCast aluminum block and head with plasma transfer wire arc cylinder liners Steel oil panCast aluminum block and head with plasma transfer wire arc cylinder liners Steel oil panForged connecting rodsDisplacement 137.5 cu. in. (2,300 cc)307 cu. in. (5,038 cc)307 cu. in. (5,038 cc)Bore x stroke 3.30 in. x 4.0 in. (84 mm x 102 mm) 3.63 in. x 3.65 in. (93 mm x 92.7 mm) 3.63 in. x 3.65 in. (93 mm x 92.7 mm)Compression ratio 10.6:112:112:1Induction Twin scroll with overboost Naturally aspirated with dual air boxes and throttle bodiesNaturally aspirated with dual air boxes and throttle bodiesIgnition system Distributor-less with coil-on-plug Distributor-less with coil-on-plug Distributor-less with coil-on-plug DRIVETRAINStandardFront-engine, Rear Wheel Drive with limited-slip differentialFront-engine, Rear Wheel Drive with limited-slip differentialFront-engine, Rear Wheel Drive with limited-slip differentialFuel deliveryPort Fuel & Direct Injection Port Fuel & Direct Injection Port Fuel & Direct Injection Engine control systemPowertrain control modulePowertrain control modulePowertrain control moduleTRANSMISSIONStandard 6-speed manual with rev-matching and no-lift-shift N/AGetrag MT-82Tremec TR-3160Gear ratios:1st - 3.237:1 3.25:12nd - 2.104:1 2.23:13rd - 1.422:1 1.61:14th - 1.000:1 1.24:15th -0.814:1 1.00:16th-0.622:10.63:110-speed automatic Standard with optional SelectShift Optional with standard SelectShift Optional with standard SelectShift 1st 4.696:1 4.696:1 4.70:12nd 2.985:1 2.985:1 2.99:13rd 2.146:1 2.146:1 2.15:14th 1.769:1 1.769:1 1.77:15th 1.520:1 1.520:1 1.52:16th 1.275:1 1.275:1 1.28:17th 1.000:1 1.000:1 1.00:18th 0.854:1 0.854:1 0.85:19th 0.689:1 0.689:1 0.69:110th0.636:10.636:10.64:1Final drive3.15:1 Limited-slip rear axle, 3.55:1 TORSEN Limited-slip rear axle (Performance Package)3.15:1, 3.55:1 Limited-slip rear axle, 3.55:1 TORSEN Limited-slip rear axle (Performance Package with automatic), 3.73 TORSEN Limited-slip rear axle (Performance Package with manual)3.55:1 TORSEN Limited-slip rear axle (with automatic), 3.73:1 TORSEN Limited-slip rear axle (with manual)CHASSIS/SUSPENSIONMustang EcoBoost Mustang GT Mustang Dark HorseConstructionFully unitized steel chassis with fully independent front/rear suspension and perimeter subframe, tower-to-tower brace for Performance Packages. K-brace included on all convertible models, Performance Packages and any model with 20-in. or larger wheels.Front configuration Double-ball-joint MacPherson strut with stabilizer bar and aluminum control arms. MagneRide dampers optional on Performance PackagesDouble-ball-joint MacPherson strut with stabilizer bar and aluminum control arms. MagneRide dampers optional on Performance PackagesDouble-ball-joint MacPherson strut with stabilizer bar and aluminum control arms. MagneRide dampers standardRear configurationIntegral-link independent with coil springs and stabilizer bar. MagneRide dampers optional on Performance PackagesIntegral-link independent with coil springs and stabilizer bar. MagneRide dampers optional on Performance PackagesIntegral-link independent with coil springs andstabilizer bar. MagneRide dampers standard.STABILIZER BAR DIAMETERSPreliminary specifications as of Sept. 22, 2022 and are subject to change. Preproduction model shown. Available starting summer 2023.Mustang EcoBoostMustang GTMustang Dark HorseWHEELSSAFETY/CONTROL SYSTEMSEXTERIOR DIMENSIONSBRAKESTypeFour-wheel power disc brakes with EPB and Electronic Brake Booster and four-sensor, four-channel antilock braking system and AdvanceTrac electronic stability control; drift brake (Performance Package)Four-wheel power disc brakes with EPB and Electronic Brake Booster and four-sensor, four-channel antilock braking system and AdvanceTrac electronic stability control; drift brake (Performance Package)Four-wheel power disc brakes with EPB and Electronic Brake Booster and four-sensor, four-channel antilock braking system and AdvanceTrac electronic stability control; standard drift brakeFront brake configuration/ diameter/thickness/material Standard: 320 x 30 mm vented disc, twin-piston 43 mm floating aluminum calipers;Optional: 390 x 36 mm vented discs, Brembo six-piston 36 mm fixed aluminum calipersStandard: 352 mm x 32 mm vented discs, four-piston 46 mm fixed aluminum calipers;Optional: 390 x 36 mm vented discs, Brembo six-piston 36 mm fixed aluminum calipers390 x 36 mm vented two-piece discs, Brembo six-piston 36 mm fixed aluminum calipersRear brake configuration/ diameter/thickness/materialStandard: 320 x 12 mm solid discs, single-piston 41 mm floating aluminum calipersOptional: 355 x 28 mm vented discs, four-piston 30 mm fixed aluminum calipers Standard: 350 x 26 mm vented discs, single-piston 45 mm floating aluminum calipers Optional: 355 x 28 mm vented discs, four-piston 30 mm fixed aluminum calipers Standard: 355 x 28 mm vented discs, four-piston 30 mm fixed aluminum calipers Pad Material Standard: NAOOptional: Low-metallic Standard: NAOOptional: Low-metallic Low-metallicFront swept area Standard: 467 sq. cm/plate Optional: 768 sq. cm/plate Standard: 576 sq. cm/plate Optional: 768 sq. cm/plate 768 sq.cm/plateRear swept area Standard: 402 sq. cm/plate Optional: 523 sq. cm/plateStandard: 509 sq. cm/plate Optional: 523 sq. cm/plate523 sq. cm/plateSTEERINGTypeSelectable-Effort Electric Power Assisted (EPAS)Selectable-Effort Electric Power Assisted (EPAS)Selectable-Effort Electric Power Assisted (EPAS)Steering modes Normal, comfort, sport Normal, comfort, sport Normal, comfort, sport Ratio15.5:115.5:115.5:1Active featuresOptional MagneRide damping systemOptional MagneRide damping systemMagneRide damping systemMustang EcoBoostMustang GTMustang Dark HorseHEADLIGHTSLED Standard Standard Standard Auto on/offStandard Standard Standard LED daytime running lamps Standard Standard Standard Auto high beamStandardStandard StandardINTERIOR DIMENSIONS(inches unless otherwise noted)Seating capacity Four Four Four Front headroom37.637.637.6Front headroom, convertible 37.637.6—Front legroom, SAE 44.544.544.5Front shoulder room 56.356.356.3Front hip room54.954.954.9Rear headroom, fastback 34.834.834.8Rear headroom, convertible 35.735.7—Rear legroom, SAE fastback 292929Rear legroom, SAE convertible 29.229.2—Rear shoulder room, fastback 52.252.252.2Rear shoulder room, convertible 44.644.6—Rear hip room, fastback 47.447.447.4Rear hip room, convertible 43.743.7—Passenger volume, fastback 82.8 cu. ft.82.8 cu. ft.82.8 cu. ft.Passenger volume, convertible 79.2 cu. ft.79.2 cu. ft.—Trunk volume, fastback 13.3 cu. ft.13.3 cu. ft.13.3 cu. ft.Trunk volume, convertible10.3 cu. ft.10.3 cu. ft.—。
幸运的吉姆英文读后感
幸运的吉姆英文读后感Lucky Jim is a novel written by Kingsley Amis, whichwas published in 1954. The novel tells the story of Jim Dixon, a junior lecturer at a provincial English university, who is struggling to navigate the academic world and his personal life. The novel is a satirical take on the British university system and the social and cultural norms of the time.After reading Lucky Jim, I was struck by the sharp wit and keen observations of human behavior that Amis brings to the story. The character of Jim Dixon is a relatable and endearing protagonist, and his misadventures in academiaand romance kept me engaged from start to finish. The novel is a humorous and incisive look at the absurdities of academic life and the pretensions of the intellectual elite.One of the aspects of the novel that I found most compelling was its exploration of the tension between conformity and individuality. Jim Dixon is constantly atodds with the stifling conventions and expectations of the university, and his struggle to assert his own identity in the face of institutional pressure is both poignant and comical. Amis deftly captures the absurdity of academic politics and the ways in which people are often forced to compromise their true selves in order to fit in.Another striking aspect of the novel is its portrayal of the complexities of human relationships. Jim's interactions with his colleagues, his romantic interest Margaret, and his manipulative boss Professor Welch are all richly drawn and full of nuance. Amis has a keen eye for the dynamics of power and influence, and the ways in which people navigate the social hierarchies that govern their lives. The novel is a masterful study of the ways in which people interact and the often hidden motivations that drive their behavior.The novel's humor is another standout feature. Amis has a gift for sharp, biting satire, and the novel is filled with laugh-out-loud moments. From Jim's disastrous attempts at public speaking to his bumbling romantic escapades, thenovel is a riot of comedic mishaps and misunderstandings. Amis's wit and keen sense of irony make Lucky Jim a thoroughly enjoyable and entertaining read.In conclusion, Lucky Jim is a novel that is as relevant and enjoyable today as it was when it was first published. Its incisive social commentary, richly drawn characters, and sharp humor make it a timeless classic. I would highly recommend Lucky Jim to anyone looking for a thought-provoking and entertaining read. Kingsley Amis's novel is a true gem of British literature, and I am grateful to have had the opportunity to experience it.。
电影《狮子王》影评
An Essay on The Lion KingAbstract: The Lion King is a marvelous work, and spectaculars who have watched it will certainly get a lot of useful and impressive things from it, not only thestory, the scene, the background, but also the deep enlightenment, becausewhat it has given us is so influential and thoughtful. Although the lion kingis made in America, in fact its theme spreads every corner of this world,inspecting of any kind of culture and faith.Key words: the Lion King, Simba, movie, pride rockThe Lion King is a nice film, and it concludes a very deep connotation- everything in the world has its own rules to live, and they must follow these rules, no matter what they are. So do our human beings. It also tells us a lesson that every one will unavoidably make mistakes during their growing period, but we should not get rid of them, because this measure will make no effect to help solve the problem, so the only way is facing the past bravely, no matter what mistakes you have made before.Let me tak e Simba for example, he is the king Mufasa’s son who is very naughty and knows nothing about the world. As a cub, he is both excited and anxious to become king. One day, he is easily inveigled by his uncle Scar and runs to a valley to practice howl, but he is threatened by the running wildebeest herd, in order to save him, his father dies (actually Mufasa is killed by Scar). After that, Simba feels very sorry for his father’s death, and Scar convinces that he should be responsible for his father’s death. H e also thinks it is his own fault. However, he doesn’t have enough courage to face the cruel fact, and runs far away from the kingdom, with great scare and sorrow. While this is what Scar wishes all the time, he has been waiting for this day for a long time, because he wants to become the king. Now since Mufasa has died, Simba has gone away, Scar take the throne for grated. Though Simba has gone far away from the kingdom, he still does not get rid of his compunction, and become extremely depressed. After that, he meets his friends Pumbaa and Timon, who areboth very optimistic, under the enlightenment of these two friends, Simba starts to live a happy life, just like what Timon tells him “Ha Ku La Ma Ta Ta” is their motto, means “no worries”, and “if the world turns its back on you, you turn your back on the world”. Later, for a incidental chance, Simba meets his best playmate of his childhood-Nana, and gets to know that after Scar became king, all of them live a terrible life, there is no food, no water to eat. Nana persuades Simba to go home to become the king, every there needs him, but he refuses, because he is still not brave enough to be responsible for his past vital “fault”, he just wants to live his present simple life. Nana feels very disappointed about him, just like how his father felt about him before.What is the reason that makes Simba later become so brave to challenge Scar to become the real king? Use Simba’s own words to say, it is because he finally gets some sense, besides that is his kingdo m, if he doesn’t fight for it, who will? When it comes to Simba’s change, the most contribution should be attributed to the wise wizard- mandrill Rafiki, I think. B ecause he uses the ingenious way to arouse Simba’s will to fight against Scar, and let Simba to realize that he is the real king, he should be responsible for his kingdom, for everybody there. Simba’s change and returning to his kingdom tells that justice will defeat evil at last.Now I want to analyze the images of the roles in this film. First, let’s look at the king of Pride Rock- Mufasa.As the king of Pride Rock, Muffasa is full of wisdom, intelligence, righteous and courage, he knows how to govern his land and get along well with his subjects-the other kinds of animals. When Mufasa takes Simba out to show him the extent of the kingdom, he tells Simba the law of nature, “A king's time as ruler rises and falls like the sun. One day, Simba, the sun will set on my time here, and will rise with you as the new king.” “Everything you see exists toge ther, in a delicate balance. As king, you need to understand that balance, and respect all the creatures-- from the crawling ant to the leaping antelope. ”After that, Simba asks him, “But, Dad, don't we eat the antelope?” Then Mu fasa continues to say, “Yes, Simba, but let me explain. When we die, our bodies become the grass. And the antelope eat the grass. And so we are all connected in the great Circle of Life. ”What Mufasa says哦哦to his song is full of persuasion; actually he is using his wisdom to teach Simba how to be a king in the future. Mu fasa is sophisticated, he knows his brother Scar’s wild ambition well, and he will do what he can to protect his land and family, therefore he is a model king, and even after he dies, his soul also exists and acts as a bright lamp to guide Simba how to face the life. So this makes me think that a person only hold his own righteousness in his heart can he live in this complex world. Even if w e don’t have the style of Mufasa, we can learn his estimable spirit, and use it in our daily life.Talking about Muf asa’s courage, everybody gets a deep impression, I think. Mufasa's younger brother, Scar, is displeased with the birth of this heir. As a young cub, Mufasa teaches Simba about being king. Later that day, Scar tells Simba that the shadowy place is in fact an elephant graveyard. Simba's curiosity is piqued, and he convinces his best friend Nala, a female lion cub, to come with him. Sarabi sends Zazu to keep an eye on the two cubs, but they soon leave him behind. They finally reach the elephant graveyard, where they come upon three spotted hyenas, Shenzi, Banzai and Ed. The hyenas chase after the cubs, but at that key moment, Mufasa rescues them. He shouts to the hyenas, “If you ever come near my son again...” , then Shenzi , Banzai and Ed run away like a arrow. On the way home, Mufasa gives a lesson to Simba, he says he is very disappointed in Simba, because Simba has gone against his order. Whe n Simba says, “I was just trying to be brave like you.” Muf asa replies, “I’m only brave when I have to be. Simba, being brave doesn't mean you go looking for trouble.” For Mu fasa’s answer, we can not delay he is really brave, even he says to Simba this time he is scared, that is because he is afraid of losing Simba! So the love of a father to his son has represented obviously from Muf asa’s behavior.The second time Mufasa saves Simba’s life is in a gorge, while what a big pity, he loses his own life this time. On Scar's orders, the hyenas stampede a large pack of wildebeest into a gorge and Simba runs away. Mufasa learns of Simba's predicament, rescuing the cub. However, as Mufasa attempts to flee by climbing the gorge's walls, Scar throws him back down the gorge to his death. Scar tricks Simba into thinking that Mufasa's death resulted from the cub's carelessness. Ashamed, Simba flees thePride Lands, intending to never return. In Simba's absence, Scar steps forward as Mufasa’s rightful heir and become the n ew king.Of course, compared with Mufasa, his brother Scar is so cunning and evil, his heart is filled with some undefeatable dark force, he only has deep revenge in his mind, in order to get what he wants, he even uses any kind of means. He hates Mufasa very much, also feels extremely furious to the litter cub-Simba’s birth.Because Simba’s birth is a great threat to him, will make his king dream break. So in order to make his beautiful dream come true, he decides to kill Mufasa and Simba. Firstly, he tempts Simba to go to the forbidden place and put the two small cub into great danger, the three hyenas even eat Simba and Nala mostly. Thanks to Mufasa’s timely arrival, the two small cubs are rescued. After this, Scar gets much angrier, he combines all of the hyenas to fight against Mufasa. This time, he also uses a dirty trick to ask Simba to practice hawing in a gorge, at the same time, Scar lets the hyenas stampede a large pack of wildebeest into the gorge, then goes back to tell Mufasa that Simba is in danger. Scar wants to kill them at the same time, how terrible he is! After the wildebeest run away, Simba is saved, while his father dies in this accident. What more, Scar tricks Simba into thinking that Mufasa's death resulted from the cub's carelessness. The little Simba feels so sorry, scared and ashamed; he flees the Pride Rock, intending to never return. Because of Simba's absence, Scar steps forward as Mufasa’s rightful heir and become the king of Pride Rock.However, Scar’s evil behaviors are far mor e than these. Before, he promises that, as a king, he will make everyone live a happy life. While on contrary, after he rules Pride Rock, everyone lives a terrible life, there is no water, no food, and even nothing usable left. Look at what Scar has done! He has made the land a dead place, he is just a evil, how can this kind of person to be a king? In the modern time, if people choose a governor like Scar, we can not imagine how our life will be! Therefore, when we choose a leader, we should certainly select a person just like Mufasa, not Scar (even when hear the name of “Scar”, I can imagine he is not a kind person, so will not do any good to people).Next, I’d like to talk about Pumbaa and Timon, the two lovely guys who savesSimba from the crowd of hawks. They two have one thing in common that is always holding an optimistic attitude to life. Pumbaa is a warthog and Timon is a mongoos. Pumbaa is very kind-hearted and honest to his friends; and Timon is coward but very smart. When they find Simba lying on the dry land, Timon wants to run at the first time, he says to Pumbaa ,“Jeez, it's a lion! Run, Pumbaa! Move it!”,because he thinks Simba is a lion, he may eat them. While Pumbaa says,“Hey, Timon. It's just a little lion. Look at him. He's so cute, and all alone! Can we keep him?”after his persuadeion, Timon agrees. Because the clever Timon gets a good idea, he say s, “Hey, I got it! What if he's on our side? You know, having a lion around might not be such a bad idea.” After they rescue Simba, they torture a lot to bring Simba up, acting as his parents. Pumbaa and Timon also tells Simba to be happy to enjoy, they use their motto Ha-ku-na Ma-ta-ta (which means “no worries”)to tells him don’t worry about life, just enjoy it.From my point of view, we should learn the optimistic life attitude from Pumbaa and Timon, there is no absolute smooth way in our life, and everyone is doomed to come across different kinds of obstacles, no matter what happens, we should hold our faith, goal and dream, show a optimistic attitude to life! Besides these, there are also many meaningful things we can learn from The Lion King, every time when I watch it, I can get some new enlightenments.BibliographyGleiberman, Owen (1994-06-24). “The Lion King Movie Review”, Entertainment Weekly.Hinson, Hal (1994-06-24). “The Lion King Review”. The Washington Post.In the Realm of Marketing, “The Lion King” Rules, Los Angeles Times, By SALLIE HOFMEISTER, Published: July 12, 1994.。
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Lucky and unlucky in lifeRecently I have read the book -Lucky Jim, which was written by Kingsley Amis, who was an English novelist, critic and poet. Kingsley Amis was born in the south of London in a middle-class family in 1922. His father was a business clerk. When he graduated from middle school, he experienced the second of World War, and servedin the army as a second lieutenant. Then, he joined the Communist Party. After that, he worked as a lecturer in English at the University College from 1948 until 1961.Kingsley Amis was realistic. And he was called “the angry young” with other writers such as John Wain for the reason that they expressed the dissatisfaction and anger of the serious class and social status, and the obvious distance between the rich and poor in England. Lucky Jim was the representative work of “the angry young”.Although these works had no innovative literature form, they manifest new context. With this characteristic feather, Lucky Jim was popular among most readers for its funny, interesting but thought-provoking plot.Lucky Jim, published in 1954, was Amis’s first novel .It was something so different, so fresh and so brilliantly clever that critics welcomed it with excitement. It gave a remarkably good picture of a certain section of society-but it was not just a social novel. This book was distinguished from other novels before it because in other novels ,the hero and the heroine was usually braver, or more noble, or in some way better than most of us are in real life, however, in Lucky Jim , We identified ourselves as Dixon, but he was not a hero. He was not brave or noble or even very good .He was very much like most of us. Namely, he was certainly real and maybe the story also existed in the real life.In lucky Jim, Dixon, a very common person, had no handsome appearance and no glorious family background. He was only a temporal history teacher in a college away from London. However, as a matter of fact, he did not like this occupation especially in such environment that his professor, Welch, in the college was apedantic, ignoramus and deceptive man. Dixon did not like him but he must please him for this man’s decisive power over his future, so he tried to make Welch like him in order to live in the position. Welch told him to contribute his recent academic achievements to a magazine as a condition to retain. And he was asked to attend the Welch’s family party and agreed with delight. He also promised to take part in the academic presentation held by the college in the end of term, and title is“the lovely England”. However, everything did not happen by anyone’s expectation. Dixon’s academic achievement was embezzled by some professor. At the academic presentation, he drunk and imitated Welch’s disgusting manner. But the conclusion is perfect. Dixon became Gore-Urquhart’s secretary, and lived a happy life with Christine.Lucky Jim was the typical of “the angry young” work. It used a humorous writing skill, told a plain story and criticized the social reality. It used relaxed and plain description to expose the social reality and political views, so that the majority of the people can understand the book, even the common people.Look at its content, the characters were the vessel of the clerisy after the War. The hero, Dixon was an intelligent man but his talent was not high regard by that society. He only wanted to live an easy and common life, but the society often played jokes on him. From some aspect, he was a tragic figure. Although he hated the disingenuous relationship between people and disliked these people, he needed to pretend and forced a smile on his face just for earning a living. So he was at the mercy of Welch, more exactly, was the life. Not only Welch but also his roommates made the Dixon’s life more difficult. “From behind Dixon to the left came laughter bursting unpleasantly through a nose. He glanced round to see John’s face split by a grin. The large eyes with their short eyelashes were fixed on him.(line11,page14)”these sentences precisely described his companies make fun of him. And when he pressed the magazine to publish his achievement, unfortunately, he found it was stolen. In the end, he still can not hold on his occupation. “Several heads werebeing turned in the first few rows, and the principal,Dixon saw ,was staring rather angrily at the area of disturbance . In his own general discomfort, Dixon, who could never understand afterwards how or why he did it, produced an excellent imitation of Welch’s introductory braying sound. The uproar, passing the point where it could still be considered as applause, grew louder. (line4, page118) ”this was the climax of the novel. Dixon drunk and imitated Welch, and finally he lost his job. Although these words came out when he had drunk, they had hidden in the Dixon’s inner heart for a very long time. This was Dixon’s voice, and it was also the voice of middle class in England. Amis skillfully expressed his thoughts to the novel. As the title“Lucky Jim” said that Jim was not only a tragic figure completely, but also a lucky man. Finally, he became a private sectary for his girlfriend’s uncle, and had a happy life. This end was idealism. The author reposed his expectation in his novel. Generally speaking, Dixon was the spitting image of the author.Dixon was not a real hero, but he also possessed many good qualities. For example,“If he’d been there himself, Dixon thought now for thousandth time, he’d have been able to prevent her, or, if too late for that, to get to the hospital a good hour and a half earlier. (line12 page9) ”Dixon’s psychology activity manifested he was an upright and kind man.From this novel, I have learned the features of the novel in that era. It used humorous and easy-understanding words to express the author’s thoughts, satirized the social reality, and longed for the ideal life. From this novel, I also learned that life is various. We cannot always unlucky or always lucky.。