高级英语下册第一课词汇

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高级英语下册第一课text and notes

Lesson 1Pub Talk and the King’s EnglishHenry Fairlie1 Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities. And it is an activity only of humans. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, theydo not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.2 The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. The enemy of good conversation is the person who has "something to say." Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdotes, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the opportunity is lost. They are ready to let it go.3 Perhaps it is because of my up-bringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other's lives. They are companions, not intimates. The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into,each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.4 It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without any focus and with no need for one, that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it--she clearly had not come into the bar to say it, it was not something that was pressing on her mind--but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.5 "Someone told me the Other day that the phrase, 'the King's English' was a term of criticism, that it means language which one should not properly use."6 The glow of the conversation burst into flames. There were affirmations and protests and denials, and of course the promise, made in all such conversation, that we would look it up on the morning. That would settle it; but conversation does not need to be settled; it could still go ignorantly on.7 It was an Australian who had given her such a definition of "the King's English," which produced some rather tart remarks about what one could expect from the descendants of convicts. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. Of course, there would be resistance to the King's English in such a society. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for "English as it should be spoken."8 Look at the language barrier between the Saxon churls and their Norman conquerors. The conversation had swung from Australian convicts of the 19th century to the English peasants of the 12th century. Who was right, who was wrong, did not matter. The conversation was on wings.9 Someone took one of the best-known of examples, which is still always worth the reconsidering. When we talk of meat on our tables we use French words; when we speak of the animals from which the meat comes we use Anglo-Saxon words. It is a pig in its sty ; it is pork(porc) on the table. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). Chickens become poultry (poulet), and a calf becomes veal (veau). Even if our menus were not wirtten in French out of snobbery, the English we used in them would still be Norman English. What all this tells us is of a deep class rift in the culture of England after the Norman conquest.10 The Saxon peasants who tilled the land and reared the animals could not afford the meat, which went to Norman tables. The peasants were allowed to eat the rabbits that scampered over their fields and, since that meat was cheap, the Norman lords of course turned up their noses at it. So rabbit is still rabbit on our tables, and not changed into some rendering of lapin.11 As we listen today to the arguments about bilingual education, we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. There must have been a great deal of cultural humiliation felt by the English when they revolted under Saxon leaders like Hereward the Wake. "The King's English"--if the term had existed then--had become French. And here in America now, 900 years later, we are still the heirs to it.12 So the next morning, the conversation over, one looked it up. The phrase came into use some time in the 16th century. "Queen's English" is found in Nash's "Strange Newes of the Intercepting Certaine Letters" in 1593, and in 1602, Dekker wrote of someone, "thou clipst the Kinge's English." Is the phrase in Shakespeare? That would be the confirmation that it was in general use. He uses it once, when Mistress Quickly in "The Merry Wives of Windsor" says of her master coming home in a rage, "... here will be an old abusing of God's patience and the King's English," and it rings true.13 One could have expected that it would be about then that the phrase would be coined. After five centuries of growth, o1f tussling with the French of the Normans and the Angevins and the Plantagenets and at last absorbing it, the conquered in the end conquering the conqueror. English had come royally into its own.14 There was a King's (or Queen' s) English to be proud of. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. "The King's English" was no longer a form of what would now be regarded as racial discrimination.15 Yet there had been something in the remark of the Australian. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. One feels that even Mistress Quickly--a servant--is saying that Dr. Caius--her master--will lose his control and speak with the vigor of ordinary folk. If the King's English is "English as it should be spoken," the claim is often mocked by the underlings, when they say with a jeer "English as it should be spoke." The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.16 There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that "words will harden into things for us." Words are not themselves a reality, but only representations of it, and the King's English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality. Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict , and made immune to change from below.17 I have an unending love affair with dictionaries-Auden once said that all a writer needs isa pen, plenty of paper and "the best dictionaries he can afford"--but I agree with the person who said that dictionaries are instruments of common sense. The King's English is a model—a rich and instructive one--but it ought not to be an ultimatum.18 So we may return to my beginning. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King's English slips and slides in conversation. There is no worse conversationalist than theone who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing, or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print. When E. M. Forster writes of " the sinister corridor of our age," we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image. But if E. M. Forster sat in our living room and said, "We are all following each other down the sinister corridor of our age," we would be justified in asking him to leave.19 Great authors are constantly being asked by foolish people to talk as they write. Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the great minds are supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century Paris, but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food and the wine. Henault, then the great president of the First Chamber of the Paris Parlement, complained bitterly of the "terrible sauces " at the salons of Mme. Deffand, and went on to observe that the only difference between her cook and the supreme chef, Brinvilliers , lay in their intentions.20 The one place not to have dictionaries is in a sit ting room or at a dining table. Look the thing up the next morning, but not in the middle of the conversation. Other wise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at one the meaning of "the King's English." We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.21 And there would have been nothing to think about the next morning. Perhaps above all, one would not have been engaged by interest in the musketeer who raised the subject, wondering more about her. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation.(from The Washington Post (华盛顿邮报), May 6, 1979)NOTES1. Fairlie: Henry Fairlie (1924--) is a contributing editor to The New Republic as well as a contributor to other journals. He is author of: The Kennedy Promise ; The Life of Politics ; and The Spoiled Child of the Western World.2. The Washington Post: an influential and highly respected U.S. newspaper with a national distribution3. pub: contracted from "public house" ; in Great Britain a house licensed for the sale of alcoholic drinks4. musketeers of Dumas: characters created by the French novelist, Alexandre Dumas (1802--1870) in his novel The Three Musketeers5. Jupiter: referring perhaps to the planet Jupiter and the information about it gathered by a U.S. space probe6. descendants of convicts: in 1788 a penal settlement was established at Botany Bay, Australia by Britain. British convicts, sentenced to long term imprisonment, were often transported to this penal settlement. Regular settlers arrived in Australia about 1829.7. Saxon churls: a farm laborer or peasant in early England; a term used pejoratively by the Norman conquerors to mean an ill-bred, ignorant English peasant8. Norman conquerors: the Normans, under William I, Duke of Normandy (former territory of N. France) conquered England after defeating Harold, the English king, at the Battle of Hastings (1066).9. lapin: French word for "rabbit"10.Hereward the Wake: Anglo-Saxon patriot and rebel leader. He rose up against the Normanconquerors but was defeated and slain (1071).11.Nash: Thomas Nash (1567--1601), English satirist. Very little is known of his life .Although his first publications appeared in 1589,it was not until Pierce Penniless His Supplication to the Devil (1592),a bitter satire on contemporary society ,that his natural and vigorous style was fully developed .His other publications include: Summer' s Last Will and Testament; The Unfortunate Traveler; and The Isle of Dogs.12.Dekker: Thomas Dekker (1572.'? --16327), English dramatist and pamphleteer. Little is known of his life except that he frequently suffered from poverty and served several prison terms for debt. Publications: The Shoe- maker' s Holiday ; The Seven Deadly Sins of London ; The Gull' s Hand- book; etc.13...here will be an old abusing: "old" here means "great, plentiful"; from Shakespeare's "The Merry Wives of Windsor", Act 1, Scene 4, lines5--614.Angevins and Plantagenets: names of ruling Norman dynasties in England (1154--1399), sprung from Geoffrey, Count of Anjou (former province of W. France)15.Elizabethans: people, especially writers, of the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1533--1603)16.(dandelion) clock: the downy fruiting head of the common dandelion17.Auden: W.H. Auden (1907--73), British-born poet, educated at Oxford. During the Depression of the 1930' s he was deeply affected by Marxism. His works of that period include Poems (1930) and The Orators (1932), prose and poetry, bitter and witty, on the impending collapse of British middle-class ways and a coming revolution. Auden went to the U.S. in 1939 and became an American citizen in 1946. In the 1940's he moved away from Marxism and adopted a Christian existential view.18. Forster: Edward Morgan Forster (1879--1970), English author, one of the most important British novelists of the 20th century. Forster's fiction, conservative in form, is in the English tradition of the novel of manners. He explores the emotional and sensual deficiencies of the English middle class, developing his themes by means of irony, wit, and symbolism. Some of his well known novels are: Where Angels Fear to Tread ; The Longest Journey ; A Room with a View ; Howard' s End ; and A Passage to India.19. Henault: Jean-Francois Henault (? --1770), president of the Paris Parlement, and lover of Mme Deffand20. Paris Parlement: the "sovereign" or "superior" court of judicature under the ancien regime in France. It was later divided into several chambers.21. Mme. Deffand: Deffand, Marie De Vichy-Chamrond, Marquisse Du (1679--1780), a leading figure in French society, famous for her letters to the Duchesse de Choiseul, to Voltaire and to Horace Walpole. She was married at 21 to her kinsman, Jean Baptiste de la lande, Marquis du Deffand, from whom she separated in 1722. She later became the mistress of the regent, Philippe, duc d' Orleans. She also lived on intimate terms with Jean- Francois Henault, president of the Parlement of Paris till his death in 1770.。

高级英语第二册课文翻译及词汇

高级英语第二册课文翻译及词汇第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风词汇(Vocabulary)lash (v.): move quickly or violently猛烈冲击；拍打pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated blows，esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打course (n.): a way of behaving；mode 0f conduct行为；品行；做法demolish (v.): pull down．tear down，or smash to pieces (a building，etc．)，destroy：ruin 拉倒；打碎；拆毁；破坏；毁灭motel (n.):a hotel intended primarily for those traveling by car, usually with direct access from each room to an area for cars汽车游客旅馆gruff (adj.): rough or surly in manner or speech；harsh and throaty；hoarse粗暴的，粗鲁的；粗哑的。

嘶哑的batten (n.): fasten with battens用压条钉住(或固定)methodically (adv.): orderly，systematically有秩序地；有条理地main (n.): a principal pipe, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc(自来水，煤气，电等的)总管bathtub (n.): a tub，now usually a bathroom fixture，in which to take a bath浴盆，浴缸generator (n.): a machine for changing mechanical energy into electrical energy；dynamo发电机，发动机scud (v.): run or move swiftly；glide or skim along easily疾行，飞驰；掠过mattress (n.): a casing of strong cloth or other fabric filled with cotton，hair，foam rubber，etc．床垫；褥子pane (n.):a single division of a window，etc.，consisting of a sheet of glass in a frame；such a sheet of glass窗格；窗格玻璃disintegrate (v.): separate into parts or fragments; break up；disunite分裂，分解，裂成碎块blast (n.): a strong rush of(air or wind)一股(气流)；一阵(风)douse (n.): plunge or thrust suddenly into liquid；drench; pour liquid over把…浸入液体里；使浸透；泼液体在…上brigade (n.): a group of people organized to function。

高级英语下册第一课a detailed study of the text

I. Background Information1. pub: The public house --- known as the pub or the local --- is a centre of social life for a large number of people (especially men) in Britain. Pubs, besides offering a wide variety of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks and providing (in increasing numbers) hot and cold food, serve as places for meeting friends and for entertainment. Many have, for instance, television sets, amusement machines and juke-boxes and provide facilities for playing darts, billiards, dominoes and similar games. Some also employ musicians for evening entertainment, such as piano playing, folk singing and modern jazz. (excerpt from Britain 1975)2. Dumas: referring to Alexandre Dumas (1802-70), known as Dumas Pere, French novelist and dramatist. Dumas delighted readers in many countries with his highly romantic novels immortalizing the adventures of the three musketeers and the Count of Monte Cristo. The Three Musketeers was published in 1844 and Count of Monte Cristo in 1845. Both these novels have had enormous popularity and have been translated into nearly every language.4. Nash:Thomas Nash or Nashe (1567-1601) was a journalist with a keen weapon of satire, whose pamphlets appealed to public interest in serious questions, such as the power of the bishops, and in private scandal. Nash imitated the picaresque novel of adventure in The Unfortunate Traveller ( 1594 ), which narrates the practical jokes, travels, and adventures of Jack Wilton, an English boy adrift on the Continent enlivened by fictitious interviews with important persons, fictitious eyewitness accounts of striking events, and other journalistic tricks. In 1597, together with Ben Jonson, he wrote the comedy The Isle of Dogs, which caused the imprisonment of several persons, including Jonson himself for "seditious and slanderous" language.5. Dekker: Thomas Dekker's date of birth is guessed to be between 1570 and 1577. Almost nothing is known of his life, but his individuality is so distinctly reflected in his plays that he seems one of the most definite figures of his time --- a sunny light-hearted nature, full of real, even if somewhat disorderly genius. The Shoemaker's Holiday (1600), perhaps his earliest play, is his best, It is a delightful domestic comedy concerning the success of Simon Eyre, a master shoemaker who becomes the lord mayor of London. The play is notable for its realistic depiction of everyday life in 17th-century London. Dekker wrote one other charming play, Old Fortunatus,a dramatized fairy-tale of the wishing-hat and exhaustless purse. Dekker in his pamphlets satirises the fops and gallants of his day.6. Carlyle:Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), English author born at Ecclefechan, a village of the Scotch lowlands. After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to be a writer of books. In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career. They moved to Jane's farm at Craigenputtoch where they lived for 6 years (1828-34). During this time he produced Sartor Flesartus (1833-34), the book in which he first developed his characteristic style and thought. This book is a veiled sardonic attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed. In 1837 he published The French Revolution, a poetic rendering and not a factual account of the great event in history. Besides these two masterpieces, he wrote Chartism(1840), On Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in History(1841), Past and Present(1843) and others. Carlyle developed a peculiar style of his own which was called "Carlylese". His style was a compound of biblical phrases, colloquialisms, Teutonic twists, and his own coinings, arranged in unexpected sequences. One of the most important social critics of his day, Carlyle influenced many men of the younger generation, among them Matthew Arnold and Ruskin.7. Lamb:Charles Lamb (1775-1834), English essayist, was born in London and brought up within the precincts of the ancient law courts, his father being a servant to an advocate of the Inner Temple. He went to school at Christ's Hospital, where no had for a classmate Coleridge, his lifelong friend. At seventeen, he became a clerk in the India House and here he worked for 33 years until he was retired on a pension. His devotion to his sister Mary, upon whom rested an hereditary taint of insanity, has done almost as much as the sweetness and gentle humor of his writings to endear his name, They collaborated on several books for children, publishing in 1867 their famous Tales from Shakespeare. His dramatic essays, Specimens of English Dramatic Poets (1908), established his reputation as a critic and did much in reviving the popularity of Elizabethan drama. The Essays of Ella, published at intervals in London Magazine, were gathered together and republished in two series, the first in 1823, the second ten years later. They established Lamb in the title which he still holds, that of the most delightful of English essayists, (Note: Charles Lamb doesn’t appear in this text but in Lesson 5, Love is a Fallacy)II. Detailed Study of the Text1. Pub Talk and the King's English, like Lesson 2, is also a piece of expository writing. The thesis is expressed in the opening sentence of paragraph 1 “Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities”. The last sentence in the last paragraph winds up the theme by pointing out what is the bane of good conversation … talking sense. The title of the piece isn’t very aptly chosen. It misleads the readers into thinking that the writer is going to demonstrate some intrinsic or linguistic relationship between pub talk and the King’s English. Whereas the writer, in reality, is just discoursing on what makes good conversation.The writer feels that bar conversation in a pub has a charm of its own and illustrates his point by describing the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic, “the King's English”: “The Art of Good Conversation” would, perhaps, have been a better title for this piece. Paragraph 5 is a transition paragraph. The writer now passes from a general discourse on good conversation to a particular instance of it. But one feels the transition a bit abrupt. It could have been a bit smoother. Furthermore, in a short expository essay one does no expect to find an abundance of simple idiomatic expressions side by side with copius literary and historical allusions.However, on mature reflection one might conclude that the writer deliberately wrote this piece in a conversational style to suit his theme.Hence we have his loose organization --- title, transition paragraph, his digressions (his reflections on the history and meaning of "The King's English", his love for dictionaries and the salons of 18th century Paris). We have his highly informal language - abundance of simple idiomatic expressions cheek by jowl with copious literary and historical allusions, and even a mixed metaphor in paragraph2.For a better understanding of this kind of style one might aptly quote some of the points emphasized by the writer in this text. The writer states: “The charm of conversation as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.” (This explains the looseness of organization.) He goes on to say: “The enemy of good conversation is the person who has something to say”. Conversation is not for making a point. (This explains the digressions.) As for language he affirms: “Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. There is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he werewriting, or even tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.”(This explains the informal language.)Finally, the writer concludes: "the King's English is a class representation of reality. 99 He means that "the King's English" is used and held up as a model by the ruling class, the educated people, whereas the working people (underlings) mock and jeer at it.2. Pub Talk … English: an interesting pub talk which centred around the meaning of the phrase, “the King’s English.”●The King’s English: supposedly correct or standard English (especially British English) asto grammar and pronunciation: so called from the notion of royal sanction. When the ruling monarch is a queen, it is called “the Queen’s English”.3. Conversation … human activities: More than any other human activity, conversation helps to promote an agreeable, pleasant and informal relationship among people.sociable: friendly or agreeable, especially in an easy, informal way4. And it is an activity only of humans:And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation).5. However intricate ... name of conversation: No matter how complicated the manner in which animals make known their intentions to each other, they do not go in for any activity which might rightly be called conversation.●However intricate: no matter how intricatecommunicate: to give or exchange information, signals or messages in any way, as by talk, gestures, writing, etc.deserves the name of: to have a right to be called, be worthy of the name of6. The charm of conversation …or just glows: a mixed metaphor. The writer in the same sentence compares "conversation" to a stream which meanders and leaps, and also to fire which glows and sparkles. The writer may excuse himself by saying that he was not "composing a piece of prose for print".does not really start from anywhere:It does not need a special topic to start a conversation. Anything may start a good conversation. And once started no one knows how or where it will end. That's why conversation is delightful and charming.meanders or leaps: (like a stream) to flow placidly and aimlessly or to flow swiftly and joyously onwardssparkles or just glows : ( like fire) to burn steadily without flame or to bum brightly throwing off sparks7. The enemy …"something to say": Good conversation is generally spoilt by people who think they have a lot of important things to say.●enemy: anything injurious or harmful.8. Conversation is not for making a point: Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.9. There is no winning in conversation: In a conversation one doesn't try to prove oneself right and the others wrong. We may argue but we needn’t try to convince others that they are wrong and we are right.10. In fact …to lose: In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.11. They are ready to let it go: They are ready to give up the opportunity to tell one of their best anecdotes (because the conversation has moved on to other subjects).12. Perhaps it is because … of its own: Perhaps it is because I've spent so much of my time in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a special charm.up-bringing: the training and education received while growing up. This is an exaggeration of the author for he didn't really grow up in a pub. He was only a frequenter of pubs.of its own: belong strictly to it (to bar conversation); specially belong to it13. Bar friends … other's lives: People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives.14. The fact that … not a concern: It is not a matter of interest or importance if their marriages are breaking up, or their love affairs have been broken or they are just cross or grouchy.●on the rocks: metaphor, comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks; (to be in direstraits; to be in a condition of ruin or catastrophe)●get up on the wrong side of the bed: This may be more appropriately termed an idiomaticexpression though called a metaphor in the exercises. It means to be cross or in a bad temperfor the day. The meaning is perhaps derived from the expression: You got out of bed the wrong way. It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed.15. They are like musketeers … and feelings: a simile. The three musketeers in Dumas' novel were very close friends. They supported each other with their fortune and their lives, yet they showed no curiosity in nor tried to find out anything about each other's private lives. Bar friends, likewise, do not probe deep into each other's lives nor do they try to find out the inmost thoughts and feelings of their drinking companions.●delve: metaphor, (archaic) to dig with a spade. Here it means to investigate for information.16. moved desultorily … was a focus: The conversation rambled along aimlessly without a focal subject. They talked about the most common things and also made some remarks about the planet Jupiter. Then suddenly a magical transformation took place and there was a focal subject to talk about.●Jupiter: See notes to the text 5.●alchemy: figuratively used here, meaning the seemingly miraculous change of a thing intosomething better17. it was not pressing on her mind: It wasn't something in her mind that was calling for immediate attention.18. "someone told me... properly use": short transition paragraph, introducing the focal subject of the conversation --- the King's English●term of criticism:The term “the King's English" is generally regarded by most people asreferring to standard or correct English, i. e. good English which everyone should try to imitate. Now the speaker says the term refers to English that should not be used. Instead of praising, the term is now criticizing.19. The glow …into flames:metaphor. Conversation is being compared to a fire. The conversation became spirited and exciting.20. we would look, … morning: We would look up reference books (dictionaries and so on) next morning to find out the exact meaning.21. That would settle it: By looking up reference books one could settle the right or wrong of an argument, The reference books would prove or refute the allegation of the speaker that the King's English is a term of criticism.22. it could still go ignorantly on: The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.23. It was an Australian …of convicts: When the speaker explained that the definition was given to her by an Australian, her listeners immediately made some sharp cutting replies saying it was not surprising to hear Australians talk such nonsense because they were descendants of convicts (see note to the text, 6).●tart remarks: sharp, cutting remarks●descendants of convicts: implying the Australians ... are crude, uneducated people24. We had traveled … Australia: Though they were in an English pub, they were soon talking about Australia and the Australians.25. Of course …such a society: Of course in Australia where the people are descendants of convicts, (hence belonging to the 1ower classes) there will be resistance to the use of the King's English, a language used by the upper class.26. Look at the language … conquerors: The Norman rulers, king and nobles, spoke French at court and the conquered Saxon peasants spoke English and refused to learn the French of their masters, hence they had difficulty communicating with each other.17. Who was right … matter: Compare with paragraph 6: “but conversation does not need to be settled; it could still go igno rantly on.”28. The conversation was on wings:metaphor, comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring. The conversation soon became spirited and exciting. Compare this with point 19.29. worth the reconsidering: same as "worth reconsidering". The definite article "the" gives a greater noun force to the gerund "reconsidering". Some grammarians call such gerunds "verbal nouns".30. It is a pig … on the table: When the animal is still alive in its sty, it is called a "pig". But when it is killed and its meat served as a dish on the table it (or its meat) is called pork. "Pig" is an Anglo-Saxon word while pork comes from the French word "porc".31. They are cattle ... to beef: These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef. The word "beef" comes from the French word "boeuf".32. Even if our menus ... Norman English:In English restaurants, especially in high-class restaurants, the names of the dishes on the menus are quite often in French. This is done out of snobbery because in western countries people consider French food to be the best. But even if they wrote their menus in English, they would have to use many words, such as pork, beef, veal, poultry, etc., derived from French words and which were first introduced into English by the Norman rulers.●out of snobbery: in order to show one's superior tastes in matter of food●Norman English: words and phrases introduced into the English language by the Normanrulers33. What all this... Norman conquest: After the Norman conquest, the Norman kings and nobles used French and tried to impose this language on the conquered English who persisted, in using their own language. This resulted in a widening of the class gap in the culture of England.34. The Saxon peasants …Norman tables: The poor Saxon peasants who belonged to the oppressed class, could not afford the meat the Norman conquerors ate. Hence the names of the meat, derived from French, reflect the class difference at that time.35. the Norman lords … noses at it: Naturally the Norman rulers scorned the cheap rabbit meat. It would lower their social position if they ate the cheap rabbit meat eaten by the poor Saxon peasants.36. So rabbit …of lapin:As the Norman rulers scorned rabbit meat, it is still called by its Anglo-Saxon name "rabbit". If the Norman rulers had liked it, they would have given it a name derived from the French word, "lapin".37. As we listen today…the Saxon peasant: When we listen to the merits and demerits of bilingual education, we should try to think as the Saxon peasants did when two languages (English, and Norman French) were being used in England.●bilingual education:using two languages in teaching, for example, using English andChinese to teach Chinese students English●into the shoes: metaphor (or more appropriately an idiomatic expression) to think as if onewere wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant, i.e., as if one were a Saxon peasant. The original expression is “to be in another’s shoes”, meaning to be in another’s position.38. The New ruling class … his own language: The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.39. There must have been …by the English: The English must have felt greatly humiliated when they were forced to listen to and use a foreign language and to accept a foreign culture. 40. “The King’s English … become French: If the term “the King’s English” had existed at that time, its meaning would be different for the king spoke French and not English.41. And here in America … heirs to it: The reference of “it” is unclear. Therefore the sentence may either mean (1) The English we speak and write In America today also shows the French influence of that time. We have inherited this French influence on the English language; or (2) In America today we are facing the same problem that existed in England 900 years ago. The problem of having two languages (English and Spanish in some parts of the US) existing side by side.42. “Strange Newes …letters”: archaic spelling. It should read: “Strange News of the intercepting Certain Letters.”43. “thou clipst the King’s English”:middle English. It should read: “you clip the King's English".●clip: to abbreviate (as a word or a customary sequence of sounds) in speech or writing insome way (as "n' kyou" for "thank you")44. That would be … general use: That (if the phrase is in Shakespeare) would prove that the term, "the King's English'' was in general use at that time.45. when Mistress Quickly… in a rage:Mistress Quickly is a character in Shakespeare's play, The Merry Wives of Windsor.●Mistress Quickly: the servant to Doctor Caius, a French physician●The Merry Wives of Windsor: The exact date of this comedy or farce is uncertain. Mostcritics agree, however, that it was written during Shakespeare's second period (1595-1601), a period of mature power in comedy and history plays. The Merry Wires of Windsor is said tohave been written at the request of Queen Elizabeth, who desired to see Falstaff (an immortal comic character created by Shakespeare in Henry IV) in love.●master: referring to Doctor Caius, d French physician in the play46. “ here will be … King's English" : There will be a great trying of one's patience and plentiful misuse of the King's English. This is a direct quotation from the play (see notes to the text, 13).●abusing: one word but used in two senses: 1) take unfair or undue advantage of (one'spatience) 2) improper or incorrect use of language (the King's English)●God's patience: (No matter how patient you are, you won't be able to bear him, because hewill even try) God's patience. God is more patient than any human being.47. it rings true : It sounds true. It gives people the impression that Mistress Quickly's statement is true.48. After five centuries … the conqueror: After 500 years of development, after struggling and contending with the French of the Norman rulers, English succeeded in absorbing the French elements. English survived and became once more the universal language of England.●five centuries: The Normans, under William I, conquered England in 1066 and The MerryWives of Windsor was probably written in 1599- a time span of roughly 500 years between the two events.●the conquered conquering the conqueror: This is true in both senses. The Norman rulersand the French language they used were both absorbed by the English.(Note: This is not a complete sentence. The first part is an adverbial clause and the second part a nominative absolute construction, so the "period" after "conqueror" should be changed into a “comma”. )49. English had come royally into its own: The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.●come into one's own:to receive what properly belongs to one, . especially acclaim orrecognition●royally:The king of England now spoke English (not French), so the term "the King'sEnglish" became appropriate. English received the recognition of the king too.50. There was … proud of: The English of this period (Shakespeare’s time), whether called the King’s (or Queen’s) English, was something Englishmen could be proud of.●King's ( or Queen's ) English: This was during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The termshould be "the Queen's" English.51. The Elizabethans… of the earth: a simile, the English language being compared to the seeds of the dandelion. The Elizabethan writers spread the English language far and wide.52 “The King’s English”… racial discrimination: The use of "the King's English" (standard, correct English) was no longer a form of racial discrimination. The use of English was no longer restricted to a certain race or class. After the Norman conquest the king and nobles used French and the oppressed Saxon peasants used English. Now, English is used both by the king and common people in England.53. The phrase …lower classes: The phrase, the King's English, has always been used disparagingly ( disrespectfully) and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.54. will lose control … ordinary folk: Dr. Caius may lose control of himself and use the strong language that ordinary people would use in such circumstances. The language of the ordinary people is more vigorous, direct and straightforward. The educated people would speak euphemistically or in a roundabout way.55. If the King's English … should be spoken: The educated people (teachers, grammarians, etc.) insist that one must use the King's English, i.e. speak English as it should be spoken. But he working people, members of the so-called lower classes !, mock and jeer at the people by replying in non-standard English that one should speak "English as it should be spoke.”●English as it should be spoke:"Spoke" instead of "spoken" is considered a grammaticalmistake of the uneducated. "Spoke", however; did exist earlier as a past participle form.56. The rebellion … still there: There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.57. There is always … things for us: There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. For example, the word "dog" is a symbol representing a kind of animal. We mustn't regard the word "dog" as being the animal itself.58. The King's English …representation of reality:The term "the King's English" or the Anglo-French used by the Norman rulers only represent the language used by the ruling class( or the king). It represents the language used by a certain class.59. it should not be … change from below: People should not be ordered to speak the King's English and they should be allowed to introduce changes into the language.●lay down an edict: to issue an order or decree (by an official authority)●made immune: exempt from or protected against (something harmful).60. The King’s English … an ultimatum: The King's English sets up an excellent standard for us to imitate for we can gain a lot of useful knowledge or information by studying it but people shouldn't be forced to accept it.61. I have … with dictionaries: a metaphor, his eager interest in dictionaries compared to havinga love affair. I’ve always had an intense and eager interest in dictionaries.62. So we may … beginning: The writer realizes he has been digressing from hip subject, so he comes back to his central theme --- conversation.63. Even with … in conversation: Even the most educated and literate people use non-standard, informal, colloquial English in their conversation. Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard, formal English all the time in their conversation.●the King's English slips and slides: metaphor, to slide on a slippery surface, to lose footing,hence to make a mistake, fall into error. The English one uses is no longer absolutely correct.64. punctuates his words as he speaks: He speaks as if he were inserting punctuation marks in his speech to emphasize and accentuate what he is saying.65. "the sinister corridor of our age": metaphor, comparing the things we do, the road we travel in this age to a corridor. In our age people are travelling along a sinister road doing all kinds of evil things.66. We sit up … in the image: We become suddenly alert and interested because the phrase is so vivid and the image created by the metaphor in one's mind is powerful and even frightening.●sit up: (colloquial) to become suddenly alert67. we would … to leave: If E. M. Forster in an ordinary conversation in our living room used this kind of formal literary language we would have every right to ask him to leave our house. If Forster used this kind of language in an ordinary conversation he would be behaving in a very。

高级英语第二册第一课词汇

第一课intricate (adj) : hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships 错综复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------indulge (v.) : give way to one’s own desire尽情享受；从事于----------------------------------------------------------------------------------meander (v.) : wander aimlessly or idly；ramble漫步；闲逛----------------------------------------------------------------------------------conversationalist (n.) : a person who converses；esp.，one who enjoys and is skilled at conversation 交谈者；(尤指)健谈者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------anecdote (n.) : a short，entertaining account of some happening，usually personal or biographical 轶事，逸事----------------------------------------------------------------------------------intimate (n.) : a close friend or companion密友，知己----------------------------------------------------------------------------------on the rocks[colloq．] : in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe (婚姻)破坏的；失败的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------musketeer (n.) : (formerly)a soldier armed with a musket火枪手----------------------------------------------------------------------------------delve (v.) : investigate for information；search发掘；调查(研究)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------recess (n.) : a secluded，withdrawn，or inner place幽深处----------------------------------------------------------------------------------desultorily (adv.) : aimlessly；at random随意地；无目的地----------------------------------------------------------------------------------alchemy (n.) : an early form of chemistry，whose chief aims were to change baser metals into gold：a method or power of transmutation; esp. the seemingly miraculous change of a thing into something better炼金术；变化物质的方法或魔力----------------------------------------------------------------------------------tart (adj.) : sharp in taste；sour；acid辛辣的；尖酸的；刻薄的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------convict (n.) : a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court罪犯----------------------------------------------------------------------------------churl (n.) : a farm laborer；peasant农民；庄稼人，乡下人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rift (n.) : an open break in a previously friendly relationship分裂；失和----------------------------------------------------------------------------------scamper (v.) : run or go hurriedly or quickly急驰，快跑----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rendering (n.) : a translation翻译----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bilingual (adj.) : of，in or using two languages(用)两种语言的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------intercept (v.) : seize or stop on the way，before arrival at the intended place拦截；截断；截击。

高级英语第二册课文翻译及词汇

高级英语第二册课文翻译及词汇第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风词汇(Vocabulary)lash (v.): move quickly or violently猛烈冲击；拍打pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated blows，esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打course (n.): a way of behaving；mode 0f conduct行为；品行；做法demolish (v.): pull down．tear down，or smash to pieces (a building，etc．)，destroy：ruin拉倒；打碎；拆毁；破坏；毁灭motel (n.):a hotel intended primarily for those traveling by car, usually with direct access from each room to an area for cars汽车游客旅馆gruff (adj.): rough or surly in manner or speech；harsh and throaty；hoarse粗暴的，粗鲁的；粗哑的。

嘶哑的batten (n.): fasten with battens用压条钉住(或固定)methodically (adv.): orderly，systematically有秩序地；有条理地main (n.): a principal pipe, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc(自来水，煤气，电等的)总管bathtub (n.): a tub，now usually a bathroom fixture，in which to take a bath浴盆，浴缸generator (n.): a machine for changing mechanical energy into electrical energy；dynamo发电机，发动机scud (v.): run or move swiftly；glide or skim along easily疾行，飞驰；掠过mattress (n.): a casing of strong cloth or other fabric filled with cotton，hair，foam rubber，etc．床垫；褥子pane (n.):a single division of a window，etc.，consisting of a sheet of glass in a frame；such a sheet of glass窗格；窗格玻璃disintegrate (v.): separate into parts or fragments; break up；disunite分裂，分解，裂成碎块blast (n.): a strong rush of(air or wind)一股(气流)；一阵(风)douse (n.): plunge or thrust suddenly into liquid；drench; pour liquid over 把…浸入液体里；使浸透；泼液体在…上brigade (n.): a group of people organized to function。

最完整秒杀一切资料高一下UNIT 1 单词组词详解

高一下UNIT 1单词组词中译英说明: 1、每个单词有例句，要一一阅读。

有边框的句子为词汇手册上的例句，要多背；2、标有的代表课本后的单词，标有的代表延伸单词和词组，也都是词汇手册上的，故都是学习和复习的重点。

3、黄色的标注代表英英注释，也要看，要善于用英语的思维方式来理解单词。

well- dressed adj.穿着入时的；穿着考究的If you are well dressed，she says you are a playboy.你要是穿的帅一点，她会说你是花花公子well- known adj.有名的，众所周知的=be famous forThe well-known singer was accompanied at the piano by my sister.我妹妹为这位著名歌手担任钢琴伴奏。

adv. - pp. (副词加过去分词) 构成的复合形容词，在a well-dressed lady中作定语修饰lady。

类似的复合形容词还有：a well-known fact 众所周知的事实a newly-born baby 新生儿hard-earned money 挣来不易的钱a well-paid job 高收入的职业glance [ɡlɑːns]v.扫视；匆匆一看 .n[to look at for a short time]常与at连胜用。

I glaced a t my watch,and it was exactly 12 o’clock.我看了一眼手表，正好是12点。

There were a lot of people waiting in front of the theatre to have aglance at the star singer yesterday evening.昨晚剧场前有许多人在等候一睹那位歌星的风采。

相似的词组有：look at 看stare at 盯着看glare /gleə/ at 瞪着眼看【glace的相关词组】give a glance at…; take a glance at…; throw a glance at…朝…看一眼at first glance 乍一看例如：At first glance she seemed beautiful.sigh [saɪ]v.n.叹息；叹气。

2019年-上海牛津版高中英语高一下学期Unit1-3 词汇(共31张PPT)-PPT精选文档

The Phantom hears their song . In great anger , he makes a huge chandelier fall onto the stage . 幽灵听到了这首歌曲。十分的愤怒，他将一个树枝形的装饰灯摔到了舞台上。
Opera
a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes
长大后变得才貌出众的人
因为几乎每个人都戴着面具。
evil, ill, black, wicked
Horrible appearance
Appearance
n. 外貌，外观；出现，露面 in appearance 在外表上 personal appearance 个人形象，仪表 make an appearance 出席；到达 make one's appearance 登台；出现
团
Conductor 乐队指
Musician 音乐家
Violin
小提琴
Cello
大提琴
Piano
钢琴
Choir 合唱队，唱诗班 Singer 歌手，歌唱家 Audience 观众，听众
The Phantom Christine Raoul
Make sb. do sth.
使某人做某事
let/ make/ have sb. do sth. 使（让，叫）某人做某事
What do you learn at this stage? 在这个阶段，你们学习什么？
The winners walk up onto the stage to receive their Oscars. 然后获奖人走上舞台来领取他们的奥斯卡。

高级英语第二册第一课

2 Trying to reason out the best course of action, he talked with his father and mother, who had moved into the ten-room house with the Koshaks a month earlier from California. He also consulted Charles Hill, a long time friend, who had driven from Las Vegas for a visit.
13 The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. The house shuddered and shifted on its foundations. Water inched its way up the steps as first- floor outside walls collapsed. No one spoke. Everyone knew there was no escape; they would live or die in the house.
7 It grew dark before seven o' clock. Wind and rain now whipped the house. John sent his oldest son and daughter upstairs to bring down mattresses and pillows for the younger children. He wanted to keep the group together on one floor. "Stay away from the windows," he warned, concerned about glass flying from storm-shattered panes. As the wind mounted to a roar, the house began leaking- the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. With mops, towels, pots and buckets the Koshaks began a struggle against the rapidly spreading water. At 8:30, power failed, and Pop Koshak turned on the generator.

《高级英语(下)》课文要点

《高级英语（下）》课文要点1. Lesson One The Company in Which I Work1. What kind of life are the salesmen leading?They live and work under extraordinary pressure. When things are bad, they are worse for the salesmen; when things are good, they are not much better. However, they react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervision to which they are subjected. They love their work, work hard, and earn big salaries.2. How does the narrator feel about his work now?He is bored with his work very often now. He would pass the routine work to the others. He enjoys his work only when the assignments are large and urgent. He frequently feels that he is being taken advantage of, and does not want to spend the rest of his life working for the company. However, he finds there is no way out.3. What do you think is the theme of this passage?This passage is a dark satire on the capacity of the modern corporation world to destroy the human spirit, and on the sacrifice of human dignity because of the desire for personal fame and gain.2. Lesson Two Eveline1. What changes had taken place in her family?In the past, "they seemed to have been rather happy."Now, 1) Her mother was dead;2) Her father became worse;3) Ernest was dead; Harry not at home.2. What made her decide to leave home?1) Hard lifea. no respect at work and at home, though hardworking (a dutiful daughter and sister);b. no protection: her father's violence;c. money affair2) Frank would give her life, perhaps love, too.(p17)3) Her mother's life"Frank would save her." "But she wanted to live."3. Why was she in two minds on the question of leaving or not leaving?A life of quiet desperation.---She had never dreamed of leaving (p3)---At least she had shelter and food and familiar people, and she did not find it a wholly undesirable life (p7)--- She had to explore another life with Frank (p9). She had no confidence.4. Why did she finally refuse to leave?--- National character: Irish paralysis (paralysis: loss or lack of ability to move, act, think, etc.) as shown in the last par.--- Individual character: her timidity (timid: fearful, lacking courage)the image of boat: a strange monsterthe symbol of sea: while offering escape and life, giving warning of death. These opposites reveal her dilemma.3. Lesson Three What's Wrong with Our Press?OutlinePart I IntroductionA. (Par. 1) Newspapers' two advantages over TV (sarcastic)B. (Par.2-4) Survey: People no longer believe in our press.C. (Par. 5) TV does better than the press in informing the public.*How do you interpret newspapers' two advantages?The author is sarcastic in talking about newspapers' "two great advantages". She makes us realize that something is wrong with the press: they have become a habit rather than a function.Part II (Par. 6) What's wrong with our press: Partisanship (rabid bias; one-sidedness)A. (Par. 7)TV presents more than one aspect of an issue.B. (Par. 8) TV provides a wide range of opinion.C. (Par. 9) TV does not feed the appetite for hate.D. (Par. 10-11) TV provides background information.*What's wrong with the American press according to the author?* In what way does TV do a better job than the press in informing the public?Part III ConclusionA. (Par. 12) Good newspapers are hard to find.B. (Par. 13-14) Newspapers have become a habit rather than a function. (resistance to change)C. (Par. 15) The word should be treated with the respect it deserves.* Apart from partisanship, what marks the end of newspapers' usefulness?Newspapers' resistance to change marks the end of their usefulness. Without change they have become a habit rather than a function. They can not perform the vital service of informing the public.*What is the author's purpose in writing the article?The author points out the problems of the American local press in order to call for the press people to treat the word with the respect it deserves, and she also reveals her belief that no picture can ever be an adequate substitute of the word.4. Lesson Four The Tragedy of Old Age in AmericaOutlineI. Attitude toward old ageA. (1) We have not examined old age.B. (2-4) Popular attitudeC. (5) Correct attitudeII. Old age in AmericaA. (6) Root cause of the tragedy: societyB. (7-9) The basic daily requirements for survival: income and housingC. (10) EmploymentD. (11) Heath problemsE. (12) Other problemsF. (13) Old womenG. (14-15) MinoritiesQuestions:1. What are the popular attitudes towards old age?2. What are the interconnected elements that determine the quality of late life?3. Why is old age a tragedy for many elderly Americans?4. What are the major problems the elderly Americans confront?5. What is the author's view of old age?5. Lesson Seven Ace in the HoleAce has just been fired by his boss for damaging a car. He is worried that this might infuriate his wife Eey, and perhaps break up their already shaky marriage. On his way home, he stops by his mother's place to pick up the baby. His mother complains about Evey and hints he should divorce her. All this puts him in a confused and anxious mood. When Evey returns home, they have a squabble, and Evey blurts out a threat to divorce him. It is the baby's funny and clever act that comes to his rescue. Switching on the radio, Ace leads Evey into a dance and the music eases off the tension between them.Ace's experience reflects the plight of the typical American lower-middle class of the 1950s. Life has lost its fresh appeal and drive to him. His social existence is more of a sacrifice than an enterprise. By marrying a Catholic girl, he entraps himself in entangled relationships of family dispute and religious discord. The marriage itself is precarious, and due to recurring crises, it plunges now and then to the brink of collapse. His past glory as a basketball star will not get him any nearer a solution. His only hope seems to lie in the possibility of having more children who might grow up to fulfil his broken dreams.Questions:1. What made Ace so restless during his drive home that day? What was he worried about in particular?2. What do you think their married life was like?3. Was Ace out of the hole at the end of the story? What makes you think so?6. Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My SupperOutline:I. (par.1-2) American food is becoming tastelessII. (par.15-17) Tastelessness leads to obesityIII. (par. 19-23) Americans are losing individualityA. (3-8) CheeseB. (9-14) VegetablesC. (18) Deep-freezingQuestions:1. Why does the author make a distinction between science and the so-called science at the very beginning of the essay?The author wants to make clear to the readers that he himself is an honest lover of science and what he opposes here is the so-called science. This distinction is important for otherwise his essay would be weightless from the outset.2. Why does the author suggest that the tastelessness leads to the national problem of obesity? According to the author, the need to satisfy the sense of taste may be innate and important. When food is tasteless, it may be the instinct of mankind to go on eating in the subconscious hope offinally satisfying the frustrated taste buds. Since American food is becoming more and more tasteless, obesity, therefore, becomes such a national curse.3. Apart from obesity, what are the other consequences of Americans as a nation eating standardized tasteless food?Apart from obesity, the application of "science" to food production also causes people to abandon the quality as people and to become a faceless mob of mediocrities. Besides, American people are losing the great ideas of colorful liberty and dignified individualism.7. Lesson Nine I'll Never Escape the GhettoHis experience:4 years at Whittier College: 1959-632 years at Oxford: Fall 1963-65University of Vienna: Summer 1964Returned home: August 19652 years at Yale Law School: Fall 1965-67Returned home: Summer 1966Wrote the article: 1967Facts:I returned home in Aug. 1965I was home last summerHarlem rioting: Summer 1964Watts rioting: Fall 1965Questions:1. What made him decide to return home and make a career there when he left watts for Whittier College?2. Why did he hide the fact that he was from Watts?3. What did he realize when he was studying at Oxford? What made him realize that?4. What was his reaction to the Harlem rioting?5. How does he compare the wisdom of the street corner with his own schooling?8. Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and PoliticsOutlineI. (1-6) Four fundamental motivesA. Introduction (1)*desire for food*human desires: infinite*other fundamental desires: fourB Acquisitiveness (2-3)*origin: a combination of fear with the desire for necessaries*mainspring of the capitalist system; infiniteC. Rivalry (4)*stronger*dangerousD. Vanity (5)*powerful*a variety of forms*growing with what it feeds onE. Love of power (6)*most powerful*increasing by the experience of power* apt to inflict pain: dangerous*desirable sideII. (7-15) Love of excitementA. A very important motive, though less fundamental (7-10)B. Cause (11-12)C. Necessity of securing innocent outlets (13-15)*social reformers and moralists*Many of its forms are destructive*Civilized life is too tameQuestions:1. What are the four fundamental motives? Explain.2. What is the root cause of love of excitement as a motive?3. Why is it so important to secure an innocent outlet in the modern society?9. Lesson Twelve The Everlasting WitnessOutline:Par.1-2: At breakfast; in her sister's house in MexicoPar. 3-4: The night before; finding three cinemas (recent flashback)Par. 5-12: In America; the newsreel (earlier flashback)*What was the newsreel she chanced to see about?*Why did she come to Mexico?Par.13-end: In Mexico, going to the film alone*What decision did she make on the way to the cinema?*Why did she buy the flowers and then carry them in her heart?Flowers: beauty, peace, hope, affection; mother's love (carnations)in contrast with the cruelty of warFlowers (a big wheel) to life/death: she is ready to accept either*What is the everlasting witness? What is it a witness to? Explain?Open.Jerry's face on the screen (close-up): recorded in form of documentary; the image stamped in the mind of Marian and the audience, and the readers; Jerry is still alive.A witness to the cruelty of war.10. Lesson Thirteen Selected snobberiesThe author's views concerning snobbery:1. All men are snobs about something. (par. 1)2. Snobberies ebb and flow. (par. 2)3. Snobberies stimulate activity. (par. 6)4. Each group of people have their own most highly esteemed snobbery. ("Each hierarchy culminates in its own particular Pope." (par. 7)Chief snobberies discussed in the essay:1. Disease2. Booze3. Modernity4. ArtQuestions:1. What is the motive for disease-snobbery?problematical diseases of the rich; romantic adolescents2. How has modernity-snobbery become so popular in modern society?of a strictly economic character; production is outrunning consumption; organized waste; most perishable articles by producers; advertising; newspapers; docile public.3. What are the two kinds of art-snobs? In what way does the author think the unplatonic art-snobs contribute to society?Platonic snobs are truly interested in artUnplatonic snobs buy art because a collections of works of art is a collection of culture symbols, and culture-symbols still carry social prestige, and, moreover, it is also a collection of wealth symbols.It compels the philistines to pay at least some slight tribute to the things of the mind and so helps to make the world less dangerously unsafe for ideas.And even though they buy works of art because they are modernity-snobs at the same time, it has provided the living artists with the means of subsistence.。

高级英语第二册课文翻译及词汇

牛津版高一下Unite1知识点

知识点一（Unit1词汇和词组）【词汇词组】1.force v.force sb. to doe.g. 我被迫叫了一辆出租车，因为最后一班公交车已经开走了。

n.暴力；武力；影响力e.g. The police took the thief away by force.★ be in force 生效；有效e.g. Are the new charges for the postage stamps in force yet?★ put into force 实行；实施e.g. The CEO hopes to put the new rules into force before the end of the year.2.role n.角色；作用；职责e.g. 他在歌剧里扮演了不同的角色。

她在事业上的成功使她难于尽到当妻子和母亲的职责。

★play the leading / a major / an active / an important role ine.g. For some countries ,tourism plays an important role in the growth of the national economy.Innovation and progress of science and technology play the leading role in the 21st century.3.rescue v.营救；援救e.g. She clung to the floating wreckage for hours before she was rescued.★ rescue sb. from… 从…中营救出…e.g. 警察救了这个人，使其免受攻击。

n.援救；营救★go(come) to sb’s rescue 对…进行援救e.g. 我们赶过去把他从河里救了起来。

高级英语下Lesson 1重点单词

Lesson 1Hurricane['hʌrikən] 飓风Lash [læʃ] v. to strike with or as if with a whip; to strike against with force or violence 鞭打，用或仿佛用鞭子猛烈击打；用强力或暴力打击Pummel['pʌməl] v. to beat or hit, as with the fists, repeatedly 击，打（尤指用拳头）连续揍Reason out to find out an explanation or solution to a problem, by thinking of all the possibilities 寻找解决途径Course n. onward movement in a particular direction; progress 进展，进程，经历；进展Demolish [di'mɔliʃ] v. to tear down completely; to raze, to ruin 完全推翻；铲除；毁灭Motel [məu'tel] n. 汽车旅馆：一种为乘汽车旅行的人提供屋内住宿设施，房间通常有直接接通往室外停车场的通道，也作motor court, motor lodgeA good a least, full 至少，整整Gruff [ɡrʌf] adj. hoarse, harsh; brusque or stern in manner or appearance粗糙的，粗哑的；粗鲁的，生硬的Batten ['bætən] v. to make secure with long strip of wood 用板条固定，用木板钉牢Ride out to survive or outlast 安然度过，经受得住Methodically [mi'θɔdik(ə)li] adv. orderly, systematically 有系统地，有条理地Main n. 主要管道；（自来水，煤气，石油等的）总管道；干线Bathtub ['bɑ:θtʌb] n. a tub for bathing especially one installed in a bathroom 澡盆，浴缸Generator ['dʒenəreitə] n. one that generates, especially a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy; dynamo 发电机，发动机Scud [skʌd] v. to run or skim along swiftly and easily 迅速地移动或奔跑Sit out 坐到结束，停留直到…的结束Come by 访问Mattress ['mætris] n. 床垫；褥子Pane [pein] n. one of the glass-filled divisions of a window or door; the glass used in such a division 窗门上的玻璃格子；门窗上一整块的玻璃disintegrate [dis'intiɡreit] v. to become reduced to components, fragments, or particles 崩溃，瓦解；（使）分解，（使）破碎blast n. a very strong gust of wind or air 一阵（风）；一股（气流）douse [daus] v. to plunge into liquid; to immerse; to drench 使浸没，把…浸入液体中；浸没，浸湿by the minute 一分钟一分钟地brigade [bri'ɡeid] n. a group of persons organized for a specific purpose 执行特定任务的队伍scramble ['skræmbl] v to move or climb hurriedly, especially on the hands and knees 爬，尤指用手和膝盖迅速移动或攀爬litter ['litə] n. to shiver convulsively, as from fear or revulsion 战栗，发抖，如因恐惧或感情突然变化引起的ferocity [fə'rɔsiti] n. the state or quality of being ferocious; fierceness 凶恶，残忍；暴行swipe [swaip] n. (colloq.) a sweeping blow or stroke (口)挥击，猛击，重击maroon [mə'ru:n] v. to abandon or isolate with little hope of ready rescue or escape 使孤立无援；因无太大获救或逃脱的希望而放弃或孤立shoot out 抛出，扔出，赶出devastate ['devəsteit] v. to lay waste; destroy 毁坏，摧毁swath [swɔ:θ] n. the width of a scythe stroke or a mowin g-machine blade; sth. likened to a swath;a strip 刈幅，镰刀或割草机一刈的宽度；长而宽的地带，类似于刈幅宽的东西；条snap [snæp] v. to break suddenly with a brisk, sharp, cracking sound 咔嚓折断；突然间折断，发出清脆、响亮如同断裂的声音vacationer [və'keiʃnə(r)] n. 休假者，度假者，（尤指）旅游（或在休养地）度假者huddle ['hʌdl] v. to crowd together, as from cold or fear (出于寒冷或恐惧)挤在一起slashing ['slæʃiŋ] adj. severe; merciless; violent 严厉的；猛烈的implore [im'plɔ:] v. to make an earnest appeal; beseech 恳求，哀求，乞求bar [bɑ:(r)] n. a vertical line dividing a staff into equal measures; a measure 小节线，把五线谱分成相等节拍的竖线；小节trail [treil] v. to become gradually fainter; dwindle 减弱，逐渐变微弱；减小trail away (声音)逐渐减弱，逐渐消失debris ['deibri:] n. the scattered remains of sth. broken or destroyed; rubble or wreckage 残骸；破裂或被毁坏的东西剩下的碎片、碎石或残余物sanctuary ['sæŋktju'ri,] n. a place of refuge or asylum 避难所，躲避处cedar ['si:də] n. 雪松（一种东半球生雪松属常绿结球果的树木，在短枝上生有硬刺并有直立的、带有宽大的每年脱落鳞片的锥形大种子）extinguish [ik'stiŋɡwiʃ] v. to put put (a fire, for example); to quench 熄灭（如火等）；扑灭topple ['tɔpl] v.. to totter and fall; to lean over as if about to fall 跌倒；倾斜得好像要跌倒一样，摇摇欲坠break apart to break up into pieces, to disintegrate 裂开，分裂lean-to ['li:ntu:] n. a roof with a single slope, its upper edge abutting a wall or building; a shed with a one-slope roof 【建】单坡屋顶；有单坡屋顶的棚prop [prɔp] v. to support or hold in place with pr as with a prop 支撑；维持；支持tilt [tilt] v. to (cause to) slope, as by raising one end; to incline （使）倾斜；通过抬高物体的一端使之倾斜；（使）翻倒cower ['kauə] v. crouch or huddle up, as from fear or cold; to cringe in fear 畏缩，（因害怕或寒冷而）蜷缩slant [slɑ:nt] v. to (cause to) slope, incline or turn from a direct line or course, esp. one that is perpendicular or level; slope （使）倾斜；（使）歪向hinge [hindʒ] v. to attach by or equip with or as if with hinges or a hinge 给…装铰链，用铰链接合diminish [di'miniʃ] v. to make or become smaller or less or to cause to appear so 减少，使减少或使似变少thrust [θrʌst] n. a forceful shove or push 猛推；有力地推或挤strew [stru:] v. to spread here and there; to scatter 撒；四处散播；分洒festoon [fes'tu:n] v. 用或好似用花彩装饰；挂花饰于;饰以（或悬挂）花彩，结彩于coil [kɔil] v. to wind in concentric rings or spirals 盘绕，卷spaghetti [spə'ɡeti] n. 意大利面条（做成长而硬的条并用开水煮食的面食）salvation [sæl'veiʃən] n. preservation or deliverance from destruction, difficulty, or evil.etc,; to rescue 拯救，救助Salvation Army 1878救世军：一个国际救助和慈善组织，威廉·布恩于1865年建立，作为一个伦敦复兴组织，1878年重新命名canteen [kæn'ti:n] n. a temporary or mobile eating place, especially one set up in an emergency 临时餐室，一个临时的或可移动的用膳处（尤指在紧急情况下搭建的赈灾处）staffer ['stɑ:fə(r)] n. 雇员终点一员，职员rake [reik] v. to scrape or sweep, to gather or move forward swiftly 掠过；急速穿过；迅速向前移动rampage ['ræmpeidʒ] v. to move about wildly or violently 暴跳；横冲直撞，狂野地或猛烈地到处移动break up to divide, to separate into piecespitch in (口)开始使劲干活，努力投入salvage ['sælvidʒ] v. to save form loss or destruction 抢救；从损失或毁坏中救出wrath [rɔ:θ] n. forceful or intense anger; rage; fury 愤怒；暴怒；狂怒afflict [ə'flikt] v. to inflict grievous physical or mental suffering on 折磨；给以…剧烈的肉体或心理打击weld [weld] v. to join(metals) by applying heat, sometimes with pressure and sometimes with an intermediate or filler metal having a high melting point 焊接，焊缝reflect [ri'flekt] v. to think seriously; contemplate 深思熟虑；沉思come through to continue to live, exist, be strong, or succeed after a difficult or dangerous time 经历过…而活着，经受；脱险。

大学《高级英语》词汇表(按课文顺序)

《高级英语》上下册词汇表Content第一册1Unit 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar1Unit 2 Hiroshima —- the ”Liveliest” City in Japan3Unit 3 Ships in the Desert5Unit 4 Everyday Use for Your Grandmama7Unit 5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U。

S。

R。

9Unit 6 BLACKMAIL10Unit 7 The Age of Miracle Chips12Unit 8 An Interactive Life14Unit 9 Mark Twain——-Mirror of America15Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World17Unit 11 But What's a Dictionary For?19Unit 12 The Loons21Unit 13 Britannia Rues the Waves23Unit 14 Argentia Bay24Unit 15 No Signposts in the Sea28Unit 16 The Play 177630第二册33Unit 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille33Unit 2 Marrakech35Unit 3 Pub Talk and the King’s English37Unit 4 Inaugural Address38Unit 5 Love is a Fallacy39Unit 6 Disappearing through the Skylight43Unit 7 The Libido for the Ugly44Unit 8 The worker as Creator or Machine46Unit 9 The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas47Unit 10 The Sad Young Men49Unit 11 The Future of the English52Unit 12 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American54Unit 13 In Favor of Capital Punishment55Unit 14 Loving and Hating New York58第一册Unit 1 The Middle Eastern BazaarBazaar （n。

Unit1单词讲解(下)讲义-高中英语人教版

Unit1单词讲解下1.eve n.前夕;前一天音标:[ˈiːv]词性：名词相关词组:on the eve of 在...前夕;before the eve of 在...前一天例句:It's the eve of Christmas, time for holiday cheer.(今天是圣诞前夕，是的节日氛围。

) 2.envelope n.信封：塑料封套音标:[ˈenvɪsəm]词性：名词相关词组:open an envelope 打开信封;put an envelope on the table 把信封放在桌子上例句:I received a beautiful envelope from my boss.(我收到了老板送给我的一封漂亮的信封。

) 3.音标:[ˈkʊlis ˈkɑːrdʒə]词性：名词相关词组:play a Christmas carol 唱圣诞颂歌;read a Christmas carol 读圣诞颂歌例句:We're going to play a Christmas carol at the party.(我们要在派对上唱圣诞颂歌。

)4.merry adj.愉快的：高兴的音标:[mɪrɪ]词性：形容词相关词组:Merry Christmas! 圣诞快乐!;a merry Christmas 一个愉快的圣诞节例句:Merry Christmas! We're going to visit my family.(圣诞快乐！我们要去拜访我的家人。

) 5.音标:[ˈpʊkən]词性：名词相关词组:draw a pumpkin 画南瓜;buy a pumpkin 买南瓜例句:I like to draw pumpkins during Halloween.(我喜欢在万圣节期间画南瓜。

)6.pudding n.布丁：(餐末的) 甜食音标:[ˈpʊdʒən]词性：名词相关词组:a rich pudding 一道丰盛的布丁;have a pudding 吃一顿甜食例句:We're having pudding for dessert tonight.(我们今晚要吃布丁作为甜点。

高级英语lesson1词汇学习

7. salvage(v.): to save a badly damaged ship, etc. from being lost completely; to save parts or property from a damaged ship or from a fire, etc.打捞，营救 eg. The wreck was salvaged by a team from the RAF. 失事船只被英国皇家空军救援小组打捞起来。 We only managed to salvage two paintings from the fire. 我们只从火灾中抢救出两幅画。
2. refugee(n.): a person who has been forced to leave their country or home, because there is a war or for political, religious or social reasons难民，避难者 eg. political/economic refugees 政治避难者 a refugee camp 难民营
Comparison: (4) weigh : 指作出决策前把问题的各个方面进行比较，权衡利害得失，取有利的方面。 eg. I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved. 我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。
Comparison: (5)contemplate : 通常指长时间思考某事，有时含无确定的实际目的。 eg. You're too young to be contemplating retirement. 你考虑退休还太年轻。

第1课高一英语下人教版必修3 unit1 (1)

第1课高一英语下人教版必修3 Unit1 第1节第一部分：基础知识点（共4个）一、词汇（词汇类知识点3个）1.take place“发生”指事先安排或有准备的事情或活动的发生happen指偶然的事情的发生【注意】两个词汇都不能用于被动语态例1：A storm happened in the country.例2：Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. （注意这个句子时间状语和现在完成时态的搭配）2.starve vi.&vt.饿得要死；(使)饿死vi.渴望；极需要Starvation n. 饿死Starve to death 饿死渴望获得某物Starve for sth= be eager for sth= long for sth=have a desire for sth渴望做某事Starve to sth= be eager to do sth= long to do sth=have a desire to do sth例1：We are starving for the knowledge about this field例2：They have been starving to_see Ma Yun.3.in memory of 纪念；追念(经典例句)They built a monument in memory of those who died in the great earthquake.为了纪念在地震中死去的人们，他们建了一座纪念碑。

In favor of 支持；赞同；对某人有利in face of 面临，面对in honour of 为纪念……；祝贺……向in charge of 负责；掌管in search of 寻找in celebration of 为了庆祝……in terms of 就.....而言in need of 需要例1：They built a monument /'mɑnjumənt/ in memory of those who died in the great earthquake.为了纪念在地震中死去的人们，他们建了一座纪念碑。

高级英语lesson1 new words

glare
怒目而视
V. to look angrily at sb/sth for a long time.
eg：I looked at her and she glared stonily back. 我看了她一眼，她便冷冷地回看着我。
shudder 强烈震动，剧烈抖动
V. to shake very hard
床垫
n. the soft part of a bed, that you lie on
mount
v. 1. to go up sth 登上，爬上 eg: She slowly mounted the steps.
2.to increase gradually 逐步增加 eg: The death toll continues to mount.
overwhelming
decide how to react.
巨大的，压倒性的，无法抗拒的
adj. so powerful that you cannot resist it or
report
n.爆炸声，射击声
n. the sound of an explosion or a gun being fired. = Bang eg. a large report. 巨大的爆炸声
opposite word:
inward
n. 大腿（坐着时）；（跑道）圈 V. (of water) to touch sth gently and regularly （水）拍打 eg：The waves lapped around our feet. 波浪轻轻拍打着我们的双脚。
lap
crushing
她怎么使劲推，门都推不开

高级英语下册第一课词汇

高级英语下册第一课text and notes

高级英语第二册课文翻译及词汇

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