材料模拟siesta2008年会议教程Lecture3a

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2008届高三化学模拟考试题参考答案

2008届高三化学模拟考试题参考答案

2008届高三化学模拟考试题参考答案与评分标准19.(12分)(1)除去表面的油污;氧化铜(各1分)(2) 防止反应剧烈,有液体溅出;避免硝酸分解。

(2分,其它合理答案也给分)(3)避免引入过多NO3-,影响后面的实验(1分)(4)溶液出现晶膜(1分);(5)①CuSO4·5H2O(1分);②重结晶(1分)(6)坩埚钳(1分);避免骤冷导致蒸发皿破裂或蒸发溶液时蒸发皿中溶液的体积不超过它体积的2/3或蒸发溶液时不能蒸干等(2分,其它合理答案也给分)(7)化学(1分)20.(共11分,未标分数的空,每空1分)(1)Fe ;漏斗(2)为减少过滤时硫酸亚铁的损失(3)抑制硫酸亚铁水解(4)Fe2+ + H2C2O4 == FeC2O4↓+ 2H+(2分)(5)①A试管口略向上倾斜;产生的水会回流使试管炸裂;②结晶水;CO、CO2;Fe、FeO21.(13分)第二步:Fe2+(1分) 第三步:②③(各1分,共2分)第五步:2Fe2++H2O2+2H+=2Fe3++2H2O (2分) Fe3++3SCN-=Fe(SCN)3(血红色) (2分)H2O2氧化SCN-,使平衡Fe3++3SCN-Fe(SCN)3左移,红色消失(2分)取一支试管,加入少量FeCl3溶液和几滴KSCN溶液,溶液变为红色,再加入适量H2O2振荡,产生气泡,红色褪去,说明是H2O2氧化了溶液的SCN-离子使溶液褪色(3分) 说明:⑴加入H2O2与KSCN溶液的顺序可以互换;⑵上面离子方程式中的SCN-写成HSCN不扣分;⑶简答中要有仪器、试剂、操作、现象、结论共5个要点,现象“产生气泡”和“红色褪去”2点不能少;⑷若把“溶液褪色”答成“溶液变为黄色或棕色”照样给分。

第六步:还原性(1分)(以上各问中,其他合理答案也给分)22.(9分)(1)0.5(2分);(2)大于(1分);该反应正向为放热反应,化学平衡常数随温度的升高而减小,所以T1℃大于850℃(2分);(3)向左(1分);b(1分);(4)小于(2分)。

2008届高三化学模拟试题汇编化学与技术(1)

2008届高三化学模拟试题汇编化学与技术(1)

山东省2008届高三化学模拟试题汇编:化学与技术(1)1.(08枣庄三诊)【化学——化学与技术】氨在国民经济中占有重要的地位。

现在约有80%的氨用来制造化肥,其余的用作生产其他化工产品的原料。

例如,农业上使用的氮肥如尿素、硝酸铵、磷酸铵、硫酸铵、氯化铵、氨水以及各种含氮混合肥料和复合肥料,都是以氨为原料制成的;氨氧化法制硝酸是工业上制硝酸的主要方法。

(1)下图是合成氨和利用氨制取硝酸、纯碱的简要流程示意图:设备A的名称是,设备B的名称是。

(2)硝酸厂的尾气中含有NO和NO2等污染物,籽了防止污染大气可以用纯碱溶液吸收从吸收塔中放出的尾气,发生的反应如下:Na2CO3+2NO2====NaNO2+NaNO3+CO2但在实际生的中这种方法处理后尾气中的氮的氧化物含量仍难以降到排放标准,历此,也常利用各种燃料气中的甲烷等将氮的氧化物还原为空气主要成分而除去。

写出甲烷与NO2反应的化学反应方程式:。

(3)常压法生产出的硝酸浓度低,尾气中氮的氧化物含量高,对环境会有严重污染。

可采用法和法进行改进。

(4)在纯碱制造过程中,过程①与过程②的顺序能否颠倒?为什么。

答案【化学——化学技术】(1)冷凝器(1分0循环压缩机(1分)(2)CH4+2NO2==N2+CO2+2H2O(2分)(3)全压(1分)综合(1分)(4)不能因为CO2在水中溶解度较小,顺序颠倒后得不到较高浓度的HCO3-,所以没有NaHCO3生成(2分)2.(08山东高考冲刺预测卷)(8分)【化学——化学与技术】2007年10月是索尔维制碱法命名140周年纪念,1867年在巴黎世界博览会上,将氨碱法正式命名为索尔维制碱法。

该法广泛为世界各国采用,后被中国的侯氏制碱法所取代。

索尔维法的生产流程是:索尔维法能实现连续生产,但食盐利用率只有70﹪,且副产品CaCl2没有用途,污染环境。

1940年我国化学家侯德榜先生经过多次实验,冲破了“索尔维法”的技术封锁,并加以改进,食盐利用率达96﹪,得到了纯碱和氯化铵两种产品,被称为“侯氏制碱法”。

siesta2008年会议教程Lecture1

siesta2008年会议教程Lecture1

The SIESTA Method Introduction to DFTEmilio ArtachoDepartment of Earth SciencesUniversity of CambridgeFirst-principles calculations •Fundamental laws of physics•Set of “accepted” approximations to solve the corresponding equations on a computer •No empirical inputPREDICTIVE POWERFirst principles M. Head-Gordon and E. Artacho(Physics Today, April 08)Different kinds ofapproximation beingused nowadays, ofdifferentaccuracy/efficiencyFundamental laws for the properties of matter at low energiesAtomic scale (chemical bonds etc.)Yes BUTElectrons and nuclei(simple Coulomb interactions)=> Quantum Mechanics ˆ H "({r ri})=E"({r ri})Many-particle problem Schroedinger’s equation is exactly solvable for- Two particles (analytically)- Very few particles (numerically)The number of electrons and nucleiin a pebble is ~10=> APPROXIMATIONS 23!ˆ H "(r r 1,r r 2,...,r r N )=E "(r r 1,r r 2,...,r r N )The SIESTA methodLinear-scaling DFT based onNAOs (Numerical Atomic Orbitals)P. Ordejon, E. Artacho & J. M. Soler , Phys. Rev. B 53, R10441 (1996)•Born-Oppenheimer (relaxations, mol. dynamics)•DFT (LDA, GGA)•Pseudopotentials (norm conserving, factorised)•Numerical atomic orbitals as basis (finite range)•Numerical evaluation of matrix elements (3D grid)Implemented in the S IESTA programJ. M. Soler, E. Artacho, J. D. Gale, A. Garcia, J. Junquera, P. Ordejon &D. Sanchez-Portal, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter14, 2745 (2002)!Many-electron problemOld and extremely hard problem! Different approaches•Quantum Chemistry (Hartree-Fock, CI…)•Quantum Monte Carlo•Perturbation theory (propagators)•Density Functional Theory (DFT)Very efficient and generalBUT implementations are approximate and hard to improve(no systematic improvement)(… actually running out of ideas …)!!!Finite-support atomic orbitals as basisspdf Strictly localised(zero beyond cut-off radius)Density Functional TheoryLDA and GGA:Practical scheme for up to ~1000 atoms Predictive Power:• Accuracy in geometries: better than 0.1 Å• Accuracy in (relative) energies: better than 0.2 eV(often much better -- 0.01 eV)Caveats (many!):• Problems describing weak interactions (Van der Waals)• Problems describing strongly correlated systems• Excited electronic statesIn many cases, GGA is a must:LSDA •NM fcc •in contrast to experiment GGA •FM bcc •Correct lattice constant Experiment •FM bccGGAGGA LSDALSDA Results obtained with Wien2k.Courtesy of Karl H. Schwartz Ground state of IronTreatment of the boundary conditionsIsolated objects(atoms, molecules, clusters)open boundary conditions(defined at infinity)3D periodic objects(crystals)periodic boundary conditions(might be considered as the repetition of abuilding block, the unit cell)Mixed boundary conditions1D periodic (chains)2D periodic (slabs and interfaces)SupercellsM. C. Payne et al., Rev. Mod. Phys., 64, 1045 (1992)Defects Molecules SurfacesSystems with open and mixed periodic boundary conditions are made artificially periodicBloch Theorem:The eigenstates of the one-electron Hamiltonian in aBoundary conditions •Isolated object (atom, molecule, cluster): open boundary conditions(defined at infinity)•3D Periodic object (crystal):Periodic Boundary Conditions• Mixed: 1D periodic (chains)2D periodic (slabs)The SIESTA code•Linear-scaling DFT•Numerical atomic orbitals, with quality control.•Forces and stresses for geometry optimization.•Diverse Molecular Dynamics options.•Capable of treating large systems with modest hardware.•Parallelized.Main SIESTA Referencecomprehensive review of DFT,including most relevant references and exercisesBasics of Electronic Structure MethodsBasics of DFTRigorous and unified account of the fundamental principles of DFTRecap•Born-Oppenheimer: electron-nuclear decoupling •Many-electron -> DFT (LDA, GGA)•One-particle problem in effective self-consistent potential (iterate)•Basis set => Solving in two steps:1. Calculation of matrix elements of H and S2. Diagonalisation•Extended crystals: PBC + k sampling。

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008届齐齐哈尔市第八中学高三期中模拟试卷

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008届齐齐哈尔市第八中学高三期中模拟试卷

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008届齐齐哈尔市第八中学高三期中模拟试卷测试题 2019.91,由乙烯和其他无机原料合成环状化合物其合成过程如下(水及其他无机产物均已省略):请分析后回答下列问题:(1)反应的类型分别是①___________、②________________;(2)D物质中的官能团为___________________________;(3)C物质的结构简式___________________,物质X与A互为同分异构体,则X的结构简式为_________________,X的名称为_______________________________;(4)B、D在一定条件下除能生成环状化合物E外,还可反应生成一种高分子化合物,试写出B、D反应生成该高分子化合物的方程式2,下列说法中,正确的是(填序号)_____________A AgCl+NaBr=AgBr+NaCl能在水中进行,是因为AgBr比AgCl更难溶于水B 用渗析法分离淀粉中混有的氯化银杂质C 可以用分液漏斗将甘油和水的混合液体分离D 用碱式滴定管量取20.00毫升高锰酸钾溶液E 配制银氨溶液时,将稀氨水慢慢滴加到硝酸银溶液中,产生沉淀后继续滴加到沉淀刚好溶解为止 F 在氢氧化铁胶体中加入少量硫酸会产生沉淀G 硝酸银溶液通常保存在棕色的试剂瓶中,是因为硝酸银见光易分解 3,下列化学反应的离子方程式正确的是( )(A)用小苏打治疗胃酸过多:HCO 3- +H +=CO 2↑+H 2O (B)往碳酸镁中滴加稀盐酸:CO 32 -+2H +=CO 2↑+H 2O(C)往氨水中滴加氯化铝溶液:Al 3++4OH -=AlO 2- +2H 2O(D)氢氧化钡溶液与稀硫酸反应:Ba 2++SO 42 -+H ++OH -=BaSO 4↓+H 2O 4,向存在大量Na +、Cl -的溶液中通入足量的NH 3后,该溶液中还可能大量存在的离于组是( )(A)K +、Br -、CO 32 - (B)Al 3+、H +、MnO 4- (C)NH 4+、Fe 3+、SO 42 - (D)Ag +、Cu 2+、NO 3- 5,灰锡(以粉末状存在)和白锡是锡的两种同素异形体。

2008届高三化学模拟试题汇编有机基础

2008届高三化学模拟试题汇编有机基础

山东省2008届高三化学模拟试题汇编:有机基础(2)1. (08山东省淄博高三模拟)(8分)据《中国制药》报道,化合物C是用于合成某药品的中间体,其合成路线为:已知:回答下列问题:(1)写出下列物质的结构简式: C _________________ ,E ________________(2)A T D的转化中,接反应的先后顺序,写出所涉及反应的反应类型____________________ (3)物质F与D互为同分异构体,其苯环上有两个取代基,FeCh溶液不能使其变色。

则符合上述条件的F的结构有_________________________ 种。

(咖(2)取代氧化还原(3)8 ( 2 分)(2分,错一项扣1分,不出现负分)2. (08山东临沂质量检测一)不同的反应制得下列物质。

COOHCH2CH2OH为有机物A的结构简式,可以通过A分子jCHNOLJ答案(1)(1) 写出 A T C 的化学方程式: ___________________________________________________ 。

(2) 推断B 物质的结构简式 _________________________ ; X 反应类型是 __________________ ;由 D T E 所需的试齐廿是 __________________________________ 。

(3) R 物质属于A 的同分异构体,其性质如下:— 一辺趣显紫色一亦□!何H 静正好完全反应 NH (咼致人先明的液休)试写出符合条件的 R 的同分异构体的结构简式(任写两种):答案3 .已知:HCN 的结构为 H — C 三N ;① R —CN 一哉0 * RCOOH ,② R —Cl+CN ------------ ► R — CN+Cl -( R 为烃基)。

0 — CODH ________a COOHCHBrCH.Br(1)(2)0-COOH-CH :CH :OHCOOH CH=CH(3)OH(只要符合题意均可)玉米芯、甘蔗渣等废物水解发酵后可制得糠醛 ,它是重要的化工原料,它在一定条件下可发生以下变化:^CHOf 屈丫反应类CH J COOCH JCOOCHs昭Ni 加压⑴写出反应类型:② _______________________ ,④ ___________________ ⑵写出反应③的化学方程式: _______________________________________ 写出能证明糠醛中含有醛基的一个化学反应方程式⑶若E 为环状化合物,则其结构简式 _______________________________ 。

材料模拟siesta2008年会议教程Lecture6a

材料模拟siesta2008年会议教程Lecture6a

Many quantities require integration of Bloch
functions over Brillouin zone (BZ)
!(
rr
)
=
#
"
dkrn(
r k
)$
i
(
r k
)
2
i BZ
In practice: integral → sum over a finite uniform grid
Order N SCF
• Diagonalisation
• Cubic scaling • Iterative solvers can reduce scaling • Normally leads to extended eigenvectors
• Order N
• Exploit locality of the density matrix • As rij -> ʿ ρij-> 0
• Large systems ⇒ use Γ (0,0,0) for speed • Energy & density (e.t.c.) require integration over BZ • Requires numerical integration • Special points:
– Baldereschi point – Chadi-Cohen
!2 = !
[ ] • Canonical ensemble:
Ne = tr !
• Heaviside function and polynomial approxn
! = h(µI " H)
Order-N Construction of Density Matrix

2008年高考精选模拟2008年江苏省泰兴中学高三

2008年高考精选模拟2008年江苏省泰兴中学高三

2008年高考精选模拟2008年江苏省泰兴中学高三测试题 2019.91,阅读下面的文字,完成:蚌壳使用强力粘合齐紧紧地粘附在岩石、船壳、码头上,这种粘合剂具有抗水性,并能粘附不规则物体。

在蚌类强力粘附力的启发下,美国西北大学研究人员设计出一种新型聚合物胶粘剂,它可粘附在石头、木材、塑料、钢材等任何材料上。

专家称,不同于其他大多数类似功能材料的制作方法,这种胶粘剂主要优点在于更易制作,而且应用非常广泛。

研究小组设计出的这种化合物类似于蚌胶中的有效活性成分,在适当的条件下,可在它依附的任何物体表面形成一层极薄的聚合物薄膜。

无论有机材料还是无机材料,新型胶粘剂都能粘附。

更为重要的是,其中包含的两种化学成分胺和邻苯二酚可在用于神经递质的多巴胺中找到。

在适当的pH值条件下,多巴胺自我组装成聚合物链,从而形成粘附的薄膜。

这种新型胶粘剂将允许在任何物体表面涂布金属或其他功能性材料,如使物体抗菌或促进特定类型细胞生长的材料。

这层涂料形成的膜非常薄,因此不会改变涂布对象的形状,这样就对外科器具进行无菌涂布而不损害其性能。

研究人员一直在研究的另一项应用是净水过滤器,通过制作一种涂布胶粘剂的细小丸粒,当水淹没这些微丸时,胶粘剂就会将水中的毒性金属物质吸附出来。

研究人员还发现,通过传统的光刻技术,该胶粘剂可刻蚀在复杂的环境表面。

在物体表面进行金属盐洗后,金属将吸附在胶粘剂上,这为在任何物体上印刷电子线路提供了可能。

通过的柔性衬底上进行沉积,这种电路可用于制作柔性显示器。

这种新型胶粘剂也引起了其他科学有的极大兴趣。

美国密西根大学的研究人员打算用它来制作将热能直接转化为电能的热电材料。

这些材料必须具有良好的导电性和较差的导热性。

通过将碳纳米管这样的导电材料用新型胶粘剂粘合起来,胶粘剂本身即可以作为热绝缘层。

这种胶粘剂也有一定的限制。

因为,它只能在一定浓度的巴胺和pH值条件下使用。

1.下列对文中所说的新型聚合物胶黏剂解说不正确的一项是()A.这种新型胶粘剂是种化合物,同蚌胶中的有效活性成分相同。

《建筑材料》模拟试题三参考答案.doc

《建筑材料》模拟试题三参考答案.doc

《建筑材料》模拟试题三参考答案The "building materials^ simulation test three reference answersOne, single option (only one of the options below is correct, the right score, no choice, no score) 14Building materials (C) can be classified into inorganic materials, organic materials and composite materials.A, use B, strength C, chemical composition D, physical propertyIn determining the density of the perforated materials, thematerial shall be processed by the following methods, and the volume of the materials shall be determined by the density bottle after drying. (C)A, processed into A proportion bottle shape B and ground into fine powderC, grind up the particle I), make a cubeWhich group is the physical nature of the stone material? (D)II I , apparent density, IV III water resistance, frost resistance, compressive strength V, wearability VI, polishingA, I, II, IV B, II, III, V C, III, IV, VI D, I , II, IIIIn the construction project, the application of lime is not the correct person (D).A, the preparation of lime mortar B, the distribution of grey soil and sanheiC, the preparation of the cement slurry with no clinker cement D and the foundation of the preparationThe cement label is determined according to which of the following age of compressive strength? (C)A, 7 days B, 14 days C, 28 days D, 30 daysWhen making cement, add the right amount (C) in order to adjust the setting time of the cement.A, lime B, and slag: C, gypsum; D, fly ash.7, triethanolamine is the admixtures of concrete, which is the admixtures of the following properties? (D)A, air agent B, water repellent C, accelerator D, early strengthIn the preparation of anti~x and r ray concrete, choose (D)A, slag cement B, silicate cement C, high alumina cement D, barium cementThe material that should be chosen for the wall of high building safety channel (non-1oad~bearing wall) is (D).A, steel mesh foam plastic wall board (tepper plate) B, sintered hollow brick C, gas concrete block D, gypsum hollow stripIn the design, it is A reference value to the sigma s/sigma b, and in A certain range sigma s/sigma b indicates that the steel is working at more than the yield point (A).A, the reliability is higher B, the reliability is lower C, not safe D, the deformation is smallThe force characteristic of wood is (C)A, higher than strength B, certain elasticity, plasticity, toughness C, anisotropy D, thermal conductivityThe composition of paint does not include (C).A, the membrane material B, the auxiliary film substance C, fibrous material D, dispersant materialIn the following materials, the best effect of low frequency absorption is (C)A and 3cm of mineral wool are attached to the wallB and 2. 5 cm soft boards on the wa11The c~3 plywood is attached to the wooden keel, with 10cm thick air layer D and 3cm thick industrial felt against the wallIn the following four kinds of glass, which glass is processed, cannot be cut and reprocessed? (B)A, wire glass B, steel glass C, ground glass D, polished glassTwo or more choices (at least two of the choices below are correct, the right score, no score, and the missing score) 10In the following materials, (B, C, D) are inorganic gelsA, limestone B, cement C, lime D, plaster E, gravel(B, C)A, the adhesive force is high B, the resistance is good C, the acid is good D, the plasticity is good, the water resistance is goodIn order to improve the compactness of cement, the measures are (A, B, C, D) to improve the anti-permeabi1ity of cement concrete.A, reasonable selection of concrete varieties B, reducing water ash ratio C, increasing the density D, adding protective layer E, and more waterThe choice of water for ordinary concrete is mainly based on (A, B, and E).A, coarse aggregate type B, slump C, water ash ratio D, fine aggregate type E, coarse aggregate sizeIn the design of reinforced concrete and steel structure, the basis of design is (A, C).A, yield strength B, tensile strength C, sigma 0. 2 D, elasticlimit (2) 20 points are made when the following description is correct and, if there is a mistake, correct the errorWhen the porosity of the material is constant, the smaller the pore size, the higher the intensityThe lower the critical temperature of the steel, the worse the performance of the low temperature resistance (good).The strength of silicate cement and slag silicate cement, which is 42. 5 R strength grade, is the same as the early strength of Portland cement.After the concrete is mixed with a small amount of the gas, it will form a small bubble, which will cause the concrete to decrease its permeability.When the concrete compressive test, the surface of the test is lubricants, the test result will be lower than the lubricant.Low brick color shallow, absorb water rate is big, unfavorable make foundation.The design of the mix of asphalt mixture shall include the design of the target matching ratio, the design of production mix ratio and the verification of the production mix ratio.The polymerization reaction (no) has low molecular attachment.Epoxy resin adhesives have the advantage of shrinking when they are stiff and stiff, but they are less tolerant (good).Sound insulation material must be a sound absorber.Four, the noun explains 16 pointsAccumulation density: the mass of the unit volume in the form of powder or granular material.Yield strength: when stress exceeds the elastic limit, the deformation increases rapidly, and in addition to producing elastic deformation, some plastic deformation is produced. When stress reaches point B, the plastic strain increases dramatically, and the curve shows a small, fluctuating platform, which is called submission. The maximum and mini mum stress of this stage is called the upper yield point and the lower yield point. Due to thestability of the lower yield point, it is called yield point or yield strength as a measure of material resistance.Creep: the plastic deformation of the concrete in the direction of the force of the long constant load.Emulsified asphalt: it is a uniform asphalt product made by emulsification process by emulsifying agent and stabilizer of petroleum asphalt or coal asphalt, also called asphalt emulsion.Briefly answer the following questions 20 pointsWhy not the same performance of the same material?Solution: for example, a material composed of silica, which is amorphous silica and quartz is crystalline silica. They have different molecular structures, so they have different properties.Why is the unburned brick not suitable for underground?Answer: the unburnt place brick color shallow, characterized by low intensity, and big pore, bibulous rate is high, when used in underground, absorb more water after strength decline further.Not suitable for underground.The construction period of a house is shorter, and the existing strength level is the choice of 42. 5 silicate cement and slag cement. From the point of view of helping to finish theconstruction period, it is advantageous to choose which cement.Answer: the same strength grade of silicate cement and slag cement its 28 d strength index is the same, but the strength index of 3 d is different. 3 days of slag cement compressive strength and flexural strength is lower than the same strength grade of Portland cement, Portland cement early strength high, if need other properties can be met, judging by shorten the construction period selection of Portland cement.4, why does the concrete shrink less when curing under wet conditions, and shrink when curing under dry conditions, but barely shrink when it is maintained in water?A: when the concrete is maintained under dry conditions, the contents of the pores in the concrete are higher because of the insufficient water process, and the drying shrinkage is larger. When curing under wet conditions, the amount of water is more abundant and the number of capillary gaps is relatively small, so the shrinkage value is smaller. When concrete curing in water, the water within the capillary porosity won,t bend, don,t cause capillary pressure, so will not produce concrete contraction, and because the gel surface adsorption of water, increase the distancebetween the gel particles, makes concrete almost do not produce shrink in the water. But when the concrete is kept in the air, the concrete also produces a dry shrinkage, although the dry shrinkage is less than the concrete that is kept in the air.Six, count twenty1, use 425 # cement, and the moisture content of 2% of net natural sand, medium sand, the packing density of 1500 kg/m3, configure MIO.0 masonry cement mortar, masonry based, clay brick construction level is general, calculation of cement mortar construction mixture ratio. (10)Solution: mortar mix strength - 10. 0 = 0. 645 x 2. 5 = 11. 61 MPa (1 point)Calculate the amount of cement in lm3 mortar (3 points)Less than 200Kg, 200Kg (2 points)The amount of sand in the construction is 1500 times (1 + 0. 02) 1530Kg (2 points)Construction mix cement: water = 200:1530:300 = 1:7.65:1. 5 (2)2, a pine specimen can be measured, the moisture content of 11%, at this point the arrange grain compressive strength is 64. 8 MPa, ask: (1) the standard moisture content condition its compressive strength is how much? (2) what is the intensity of the pinewood water ratio of 20%, 30% and 40% respectively? (the fiber saturationpoint of the pine tree is 30%, the alpha of pine tree is 0.05) (3) the water rate increases with the moisture content, and how is the law of compressive strength of the wood? (10)Solution: (1) the compressive strength of the standard moisture contentKnown: W = 11 percent, fll = 64. 8 MPa, alpha = 0.05. the(2)when W = 20%When W 二30%When W 二40%F40 二f30 二27.28 Mpa(3)when the moisture content from 11% to 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, the compressive strength change law for its smooth lines: when moisture content is less than 30%, with the increase of the moisture content of lumber, the timber of the compressive strength is decreased obviously; When the moisture content increased to 30%, the compressive strength no longer decreased.。

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008学年度江苏省如皋、海安联合第一学期期中调研考试

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008学年度江苏省如皋、海安联合第一学期期中调研考试

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008学年度江苏省如皋、海安联合第一学期期中调研考试测试题 2019.91,图1是氯碱工业中离子交换膜电解槽示意图,其中离子交换膜为“阳离子交换膜”,它有一特殊的性质--只允许阳离子通过,而阻止阴离子和气体通过。

(1)电解后得到的氢氧化钠溶液从口流出(填字母代号),b口排出的是气体,电极1应连接电源的极(填“正”或“负”);理论上讲,从f口加入纯水即可,但实际生产中,纯水要加入一定量的NaOH溶液,其原因是和。

(2)图2是根据氯碱工业中离子交换膜技术原理,设计的电解Na2SO4溶液生产NaOH和H2SO4溶液的装置。

请回答:a为(填“阳”或“阴”)离子交换膜;从E口流进的物质的化学式(若为溶液,则写出溶质的化学式)。

2,已知:①A、B、C为常见的单质,且单质B、C的元素同一主族,单质B、C的相对分子质量相等;②F为正盐,B和I为气体且B无气味;③沉淀H既可溶于盐酸又可溶于NaOH溶液,D、E的相对分子质量与H相同,向一定量的F溶液中逐渐加入固体粉末D或E,当D或E与F以物质的量之比3:1反应时,生成的沉淀H的量最多。

其物质间的转化关系如下:(1)写出D的电子式,E的化学式。

(2)写出反应①的离子反应方程式。

写出反应②的离子反应方程式。

3,气体分子中的极性键在红外线的照射下,易像弹簧一样作伸缩和弯曲运动,从而产生热量。

下列气体不属于温室效应气体的是()A.CO2 B.N2O C.CH4 D.N24,已知“凡气体分子总数增多的反应一定是熵增大的反应”。

一定条件下,下列反应不可能自发进行的是()A.2O3(g)=3O2(g) △H<0 B.2CO(g)=2C(s)+O2(g) △H >0C.N2(g)+3H2(g)=2NH3(g) △H<0 D.CaCO3(s)=CaO(s)+CO2(g) △H>05,下列化学用语表达正确的是()A.丙烷的分子结构模型示意图:B .Na 2S 的电子式:C .丙烯的结构简式:CH 3CH 2CH 2D .氢硫酸的电离方程式:H 2S+H 2O=H 3O ++HS -6,下列有关物质分类的说法正确的是( ) A .O 2和O 3、H 2和D 2、H O 和H O 都互为同素异形体 B .纯碱、烧碱、碱式碳酸铜都属于碱类物质 C .煤、石油和天然气都属于化石能源 D .CH 2Cl 2、CH 4O 、C 2H 4O 2一定是纯净物7,下列有关物质类别判别的依据正确的是( ) A .原子晶体:晶体的熔点是否很高 B .电解质:水溶液是否导电C .离子化合物:是否含有离子键D .共价化合物:是否含有共价键8,下列过程或现象与盐类水解无关的是( ) A .加入硫酸铜溶液加快制氢气的速度 B .硫酸铝溶液不能置于铁质容器中 C .用热的纯碱溶液去除油污 D .浓硫化钠溶液有硫化氢的气味9,下列大小或强弱比较正确的是( )A .原子半径:Cl >SB .稳定性:HCl >HBrC .酸性:H 2SiO 3>H 2CO 3D .碱性:Al(OH)3>Mg(OH)210,可用图装置制取(必要时可加热)和收集的气体是( )182162A.氯酸钾溶液与二氧化锰反应制氧气 B.浓氨水与氢氧化钙固体制氨气C.乙醇和浓硫酸(170℃)制乙烯 D.铜和浓硝酸制二氧化氮测试题答案1, (1)d C12正,增强溶液的导电性和不影响NaOH纯度(2)阴;H2O(加少量稀H2SO4)2,(2)①6Na2O2+4A13++6H2O=4A1(OH)3↓+3O2+12Na+②3S2-+2A13++6H2O=2A1(OH)3↓+3H2S↑3, D4, B5, A6, C7, C8, A9, B10, D。

PMP2008模拟题.pdf

PMP2008模拟题.pdf

商业数据库 事业环境因素
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批准的变更请求
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吴永达
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高中英语2008年全国高考模拟试题2008年泉州一中高三模拟卷试题

高中英语2008年全国高考模拟试题2008年泉州一中高三模拟卷试题

高中英语2008年全国高考模拟试题2008年泉州一中高三模拟卷试题 2019.091,Children are likely to get _____ if no one cares about their upbringing.A. out of handB. out of orderC. out of placeD. out of work2, There was a large box behind the door and Peter couldn't _____ falling over it in the darkness.A. helpB. resistC. avoidD. prevent3, If you put too many potatoes in that paper-bag it will _____.A.blowB. explodeC. crackD. burst4,As soon as Charles had _____ a little from his surprise, his one thought was to get away.A. returnedB. absorbedC. dissolvedD. recovered5, The two dogs started to fight, so we tried to _____ them.A. splitB. separateC. tearD. divide6,Many people complain of the rapid _____ of modern life.A. rateB. paceC. speedD. step7,I'm sorry but what he thinks is not of the _____ importance tome.A. merestB. lowestC. lastD. least8,The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _____ and had to be rationed (定量供应).A. inadequateB. rareC. lackedD. scarce9, I broke my relationship with John because he always found _____ with me.A. errorB. mistakeC. faultD. failure10,When the teacher told the boy to sit down, he _____ to her and said she couldn't make him.A. gave wayB. talked backC. looked upD. got down11,Walking down the street, she noticed a long _____ of houses, all exactly alike.A. queueB. rankC. trainD. row12, The president has told his friends that he is sick but will not admit it _____.A. in privateB. in secretC. in publicD. in detail13,Sugar is not an important element in bread , but flour is .A. uniqueB. essentialC. naturalD. adequate14,Try not to start every sentence with “the”. _____ the beginnings of your sentences.A. VaryB. DecorateC. FormD. Describe15,Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewan ts.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever16,Wewereshockedtohearthenewsthat_______twoChineseengineerswe reshottodeathinPakistan,worsestill_______thirdonediedinhospit alafterward.A.the,aB.the,theC./,aD./,the17,It’squite______mewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.A.forB.behindC.againstD.beyond18,Wehopethebuildingproject_______willbecompletedassoonasposs iblebecausealotofcitizensarecomplainingaboutthenoises.A.tobecarriedoutB.beingcarriedoutC.carriedoutD.carryingout19,Theplace______thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_______t hecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which,whereB.atwhich,whichC.atwhich,whereD.which,inwhich20,Hemaynotlikemyvisit,butIshallgoandseehim______.A.anywayB.thoughC.insteadD.otherwise试题答案1, A2, C3, D4, D5, B6, B7, D8, D9, C10, B11, D12, C13, B14, A15, B16, C17, D18, B19, C20, A。

2008年全国高三模拟非金属及其化合物汇编非金属及其化合物汇编二(N、S)1

2008年全国高三模拟非金属及其化合物汇编非金属及其化合物汇编二(N、S)1

2008年全国高三模拟非金属及其化合物汇编非金属及其化合物汇编二(N、S)1.(2008年聊城高三期中,2)为迎接2008年北京奥运会的举行,北京大力开展“蓝天计划”行动,实施了一系列举措。

其中能够直接减少SO2排放的最有效的措施是()A建立三北防护林,减少沙尘的污染B.提高汽车尾气的排放标准C.减少燃煤的使用D.使用天然气、液化石油气等清洁能源2.(2008年枣庄第一次调研,6)下列实验中能证明某气体为SO2的是()①使澄清石灰水变浑浊②使湿润的蓝色石蕊试纸变红③使品红溶液褪色④通入足量NaOH溶液中,再滴加BaC12溶液,有白色沉淀生成,该沉淀溶液于稀盐酸⑤通入溴水中,能使溴水退色,再滴加Ba(NO3)2溶液有白色沉淀产生A.都能证明B.都不能证明C.③④⑤均能证明D.只有⑤能证明3.(2008年威海质量调研,20)下列有关SO2的性质的探究实验报告记录的实验现象正确的是()4.(2008年广东理科基础,35)下列有关Cl、N、S等非金属元素化合物的说法正确的是()A.漂白粉的成分为次氯酸钙B.实验室可用浓硫酸干燥氨气C.实验室可用NaOH溶液处理NO2和HCl废气D.Al2(SO4)3可除去碱性废水及酸性废水中的悬浮颗粒5.(2008上海化学,15)已知气体的摩尔质量越小,扩散速度越快。

下图所示为气体扩散速度的试验,两种气体扩散相遇时形成白色烟环。

下列关于物质甲、乙的判断正确的是()A.甲是浓氨水,乙是浓硫酸B.甲是浓盐酸,乙是浓氨水C.甲是浓氨水,乙是浓盐酸D.甲是浓硝酸,乙是浓氨水6.(2008年济宁11月质量检测,7)将过量的气体通入到一种溶液中,一定能产生沉淀的是()①二氧化硫通入到硝酸钡溶液中②二氧化碳通入偏铝酸钠溶液中③二氧化碳通入到氯化钙溶液中④氨气通入到AgNO3溶液中A.只有①②③B.只有①②C.只有①②④D.只有②③7.(2008年威海质量调研,14)以任意比例将甲和乙两种混合气体同时通入含少量溶质的丙溶液中,一定能产生沉淀的组合是()8.(2008年济宁11月质量检测,16)把7.2铁粉投入到某HNO3溶液中,充分反应后剩余固体1.6g,产生NO2和NO的混合气体0.08mol。

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008届东莞中学第一次六校联考高三试卷

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008届东莞中学第一次六校联考高三试卷

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008届东莞中学第一次六校联考高三试卷测试题 2019.91,A~J是中学化学中常见的几种物质,它们之间的转化关系如下图所示。

已知常温下A为固体单质,B为淡黄色粉末,C、F、I为气态单质,E在常温下为液体,且E可由C、F化合生成,J可作禽流感、SARS等病毒的杀菌消毒剂。

(1)分别写出B、D的电子式:______________ _____、______________________。

(2)写出反应⑦的离子方程式:_________________________________。

(3)向AlCl3溶液中加入少量固体B,写出反应的化学方程式:_______________________。

2, 下图是一水溶液在pH从 0至14的范围内,H2CO3、HCO3-、CO32-三种成分平衡时的组成百分率,下列叙述正确的是A .此图可完全根据1.0 mol/LHCl溶液滴定1.0mol/L碳酸钠溶液的实验数据绘出B. 1.0 mol/LHCl溶液滴定1.0mol/L碳酸钠溶液恰好反应时呈中性C. 二氧化碳溶液在血液中多以HCO3-的形式存在D. 在pH为6.37及10.25时,溶液中[H2CO3]=[HCO3-]=[CO32-]3,常温下,下列溶液中一定能大量共存的离子组是A.含有大量S2-的溶液:ClO-、Na+、Cl-、CO32-B.无色澄清溶液:MnO4-、SO42-、K+、Fe3+C.能使pH试纸变红的溶液:NH4+、Na+、SO42-、Fe3+D.水电离产生的c(H+)=1×10-12mol/L的溶液:HCO3-、NH4+、Cl-、Ca2+ 4,MnO2和Zn是制造干电池的重要原料,工业上用软锰矿和闪锌矿联合生产MnO2和Zn的基本步骤为:⑴软锰矿、闪锌矿与硫酸共热: MnO2+ZnS+2H2SO4=MnSO4+ZnSO4+S+2H2O。

⑵除去反应混合物中的不溶物⑶电解混合液MnSO4+ZnSO4+2H2O MnO2+Zn+2H2SO4下列说法不正确的是A.步骤⑴中MnO2和H2SO4都是氧化剂B.步骤⑴中每析出12.8g S沉淀共转移0.8mol电子C.电解时MnO2在阳极处产生D.硫酸在生产中可循环使用5,含有2~5个碳原子的直链烷烃沸点和燃烧热的数据见下表:根据表中数据,下列判断错误的是( )A.正庚烷在常温常压下肯定不是气体B.烷烃燃烧热和其所含碳原子数成线性关系C.随碳原子数增加,烷烃沸点逐渐升高D.随碳原子数增加,烷烃沸点和燃烧热都成比例增加6,某氧化物不溶于水,溶于熔化的NaOH中,生成易溶于水的化合物,向稀盐酸中滴加所生成化合物的水溶液,立即有白色沉淀产生,则原氧化物是()A.Al2O3 B.MgO C.SiO2 D.P2O57,某化学兴趣小组用回收的镁铝合金制取氢气。

ISO2008体系对口教育训练教材

ISO2008体系对口教育训练教材

5.6 管理评审
ISO9001:2008 质量管理体系学习(训练)
六、 质量手册条款对比
教 育 训 练
国标条款
6 资源管理 6.1 资源提供 6.2 人力资源 6.3 基础设施 6.4 工作环境 7 产品实现 7.1 产品实现的策划 7.2 与顾客有关的过程
公司转换条款
6 资源管理 6.1 资源提供 6.2 人力资源 6.3 基础设施 6.4 工作环境 7 产品实现 7.1 产品实现的策划 7.2 与顾客有关的过程 7.2.1与产品要求有关要求确定 与产品要求有关要求确定 7.2.2与产品要求有关的评审 与产品要求有关的评审 7.2.3顾客沟通 顾客沟通 7.3 设计和开发
支持性文件
人力资源管理规范 设施和工作环境管理规范
7.3 设计和开发
生产管理规范 与顾客有关过程管理规范 顾客需求确定 合同评审 顾客沟通 本公司不适用
ISO9001:2008 质量管理体系学习(训练)
六、 质量手册条款对比
教 育 训 练
国标条款
7.4 采购 7.5 生产和服务提供
公司转换条款
7.4 采购
人+机+料+法+环
F. 质量管理体系管理模式 目前运用: 目前运用 TS16949、ISO14001和RoHs 、 和
、ISO18001、 ISO2008 、
ISO9001:2008 质量管理体系学习(训练)
教 育 训 练
质量保证体系的作用: 二、 ISO质量保证体系的作用: 质量保证体系的作用
1、是产品通向国际市场的通行证; 2、使企业合理建立组织机构和规范各部门动作,明确职责权限; 3、向第三方(如TWV认证机构)和第二方(顾客)提供质量保证程度

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008学年度江西吉安一中上学期高三第一次段考

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008学年度江西吉安一中上学期高三第一次段考

2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008学年度江西吉安一中上学期高三第一次段考测试题 2019.91,扫描隧道显微镜是一种新型的表面分析工具,能够操纵原子。

扫描隧道显微镜,实际上就是一个由电子计算机操纵控制的长探针,它的一头变得越来越细,细到尖端就只有几个原子的厚义了。

利用探针和材料平面间的电流,科学家们可以用扫描隧道显微镜调度材料平面上的原子,而且通过调节电流的大小,可逐个地把原子吸起来并放置到其他地方。

下列几张图片中,可能是利用扫描隧道显微镜拍摄的图像是()2,2006年4月22日是第37个“世界地球日”,今年世界地球日的主题为“善待地球--珍惜资源、持续发展”,下列不符合这一主题要求的是()A.开发太阳能、水能、风能、可燃冰等新能源,减少使用煤、石油等化石燃料B.大力提倡使用合成洗涤剂,以减少生产肥皂对油脂的需求量C.更新采煤、炼油技术,提高能源的利用率D.落实资源的“3R”发展观,即:减少资源消耗(Reduce)、增加资源的重复使用(Reuse)、让资源循环再生(Recycle)3,下列变化或过程属于物理变化的是()A.激光法蒸发石墨得C60 B.渗析法净化氢氧化铁胶体C.鸡蛋白遇浓硝酸显黄色 D.直流电通过氯化钠水溶液4,化学用语是学习化学的重要工具。

下列用用来表示物质变化的化学用语中正确的是()A.K37C1O3与浓盐酸(HC1)在加热条件时生成氯气的化学方程式:K37C1O3+6HC1=K37C1+3C12↑+3H2OB.表示氢气燃烧的热化学方程式:H2(g)+1/2O2(g)=H2O(g);△H=-241.8kJ/molC.将1mL-2mL氯化铁饱和溶液滴加到20mL沸水中所发生反应的离子方程式:Fe3++3H2O Fe(OH)3(胶体)+3H+D.NH4HCO3溶液与过量NaOH溶液反应:NH4++OH-=NH3↑+H2O5,将一块银白色的金属钠放在空气中会发生一系列的变化:表面迅速变暗→“出汗”→变成白色固体(粉末),下列有关叙述不正确的是()A.表面迅速变暗是因为钠与空气中的氧气反应生成了氧化钠B.“出汗”是因为生成的氢氧化钠吸收空气中的水蒸气在表面形成了溶液C.最后变成碳酸粉末D.该过程的所有化学反应均为氧化还原反应6,分类方法在化学学科发展中起了非常重要的作用。

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Introduction to SIESTA
Julian Gale
~ N3
~ N
G. Galli and M. Parrinello, Phys. Rev Lett. 69, 3547 (1992)
“Divide and Conquer”x 2
Large system
W. Yang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1438 (1992)
•LCAO:
G.Scuseria (GAUSSIAN),
M. Head-Gordon (Q-CHEM)
M. Challacombe (MONDOscf)
SIESTA
S. Kenny &. A Horsfield (PLATO)
J. Hutter, M. Parrinello
•Psync functions (ONETEP)
C.-K. Skylaris, P.
D. Haynes, A. Mostofi & M.C. Payne •B-splines in 3D grid
D. Bowler & M. Gillan (CONQUEST)
•Finite-differences (nearly O(N))J. Bernholc
Emilio Artacho Julian Gale Alberto García Javier Junquera Richard Martin Pablo Ordejón Daniel Sánchez-Portal
José Soler +…..
•Born-Oppenheimer •DFT (LDA/GGA)

Norm-conserving pseudopotentials
•Optimisation •Dynamics •Phonons •
Electronic properties
Key Steps in DFT calculation •Calculating H (and S) matrices
- Hartree potential
- Exchange-correlation potential
- Kinetic / overlap / pseudopotentials •Solving for self-consistent solution - Diagonalisation
- Order N
x
z y m
l lm lm p p p m l m m m m P C Y ,,1,0,1,10if )cos(0if )sin()(cos ),(!
+"==#$
%&<'=(()()
Numerical Pseudo-Atomic
Orbitals
Fireballs
O. F. Sankey & D. J. Niklewski, Phys. Rev. B 40, 3979 (1989)
A different cut-off radius for
A single parameter
Energy shift
Convergence vs Energy shift of
Bond lengths Bond energies E. Artacho et al. Phys. Stat. Solidi (b) 215, 809 (1999)
Beyond the minimal basis set
• Split-norm for multiple-zetas
• Polarization functions
• Better basis variationally & other results • Removes the discontinuity in the derivative
k
k k R r r k r
R r r R kR kr d e S d e d S i i )()()()()
2(1)()()()(213/22121!!!"!!!!!###==$=%$Evaluate by special FFT with cutoff of 2,500 Ry Done once and for all at initialisation
Sparsity & order-N memory
Basis orbitals Non-overlap interactions
1234
5
Density: Grid Auxiliary Basis
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
)
(r r µ!)(r r !"Fineness of grid controlled by a single number Kinetic energy cutoff (cf planewaves)
real-space grids
–FFT (O(NlnN))
–Multigrid (O(N))
Fast multipoles
Head-Gordon
Scuseria !i local
r ()=!i r ()"!i
n a
r ()="14#e $2V i local r ()
The “Eggbox”•Sensitivity to positions of atoms relative to grid •Breaks translational invariance
•Minimising the eggbox effect
•Increase mesh cutoff
•Grid-cell sampling
•Eggbox correction
•Filtering
Periodic Boundary Conditions (PBC)
M. C. Payne et al , Rev. Mod. Phys., 64, 1045 (92)
Defects Molecules Surfaces
Aperiodic systems: Supercell approximation
Atoms in the unit cell are periodically repeated
throughout space along the lattice vectors
Periodic systems and crystalline solids: √
What is needed for a SIESTA
calculation?
•Select functional - LDA or GGA?
•Choose & test pseudopotentials
•Set basis set quality:
•How many “zetas”?
•Polarisation functions?
•Spatial extent of orbitals - precision vs CPU time
•DZP with an energy shift of 0.01 Ry is usually OK
•BUT always check!
•Check convergence of mesh
•Unit cell choice (for finite systems)
•K-point convergence - to be discussed tomorrow…..。

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