最常用的托福阅读句型整理
托福考试必备托福英语语法整理
托福考试必备托福英语语法整理托福考试必备托福英语语法参与托福考试必备的，英语语法学问点，趁现在就把握它吧。
下面是学习啦我给大家整理的托福英语语法，供大家参阅!托福英语语法：一般现在时的用法1)、常常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语：every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2)、客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3)、表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
留意：此用法假如消失在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..4)、现在时刻的状态、力量、性格、共性。
I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。
再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 其次句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
托福英语语法：一般过去时的用法1)、在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?2)、表示在过去一段时间内，常常性或习惯性的动作。
【小站教育】托福阅读20个经典公式
托福阅读经验公式汇总（20个）1．可能性语气凡选项出现相对词汇（some/maybe）一般为正确解凡选项出现绝对词汇（every/all ）一般为错误解2．中心围绕凡选项出现与文章中心一致选项则优先（强调结构制定）3．Except 型凡选项为细节（较长）一般解为下半区凡选项为归纳判断（较短）位置不定4．凡提到某个半有人物型一般解为显示作者主旨/中心5．结构题一般选三种解1)general-specific 2)chronological order 3)specific-general 6．下文主题（确定）一般注意解中应有：more, other, further, remaining, another 这种词汇7．态度题当问及作者或文中人物对某一事物观点：1）对事、物、人的态度，倾向于褒义词2）对观点态度，可倾向于贬义词8．中心题主题（按场景，上课笔记）9．读者身份题（或其它身份题）读者角度：General readers / audiences作者角度：Writer / expert10．文章来源：一般为textbook（for general use）11．相反/相对原则12．关键词汇原则（中心词、语气词、归纳词）13．抽象性优先，凡选项出现主观评论性单词或语言则优先解14．复杂关系及词汇优先：凡选项出现高难度词汇及高难度句子则优先解15．代词指代中心词规则16．对比及比较原则：different/comparsion等17．位置题（不对应）其它题对应18．最后一题对最后一句19．重要性，必要性选项优先（含义曲折）20．考古题规则托福阅读复习大纲一、文章及其操作（托福文章十大命题点）1.文章第一句（特别是当第一句为定义句）*定义句：A be BA be called B…new method …A which be B*上海道正认为一般为主题句的概率为72%左右（主要出现于科技，人物传记，地区发展等）2.列举及并列句First，…Second…Third…或A，B and C本种文章特征针对托福二种题型，Except或Not型及Which of following istrue？*关键在于识别平行概念及内容，也不一定为平行结构3.否定及转折（考率极高的文章内容）But，Yet，Nevertheless，However等*规律：否定关联，后面内容必定4.特殊写法：文章中与众不同写法1）用词特殊（如：科技文章中色彩词）2）复，长句（作者改写考率高）3）距离原则4）专有人称（第一次引入位置必考）5）破折号——表示解释与强调6）括号（□）解释与定义7）引号/冒号/惊叹号等写作手法*文章中，特殊写法在每篇文章中出现较少，但极重要5.每段主题句（这也是归纳主题的关键位置）出现于每一段第一句情型：A）if □，□答案B）not，正向为主C）定义句6.每篇文章最后一句（托福中一般必考）*规律：文章最后一题对最后一句7.最高级及作者强烈肯定1）最高级词汇：all，every，each，only2）连作者自己也觉得明显：apparent，clearly，evidently，obvious 3）作者认为“重要”：important ，impressive，remarkable4）作者语气“坚决”：surely，certainly ，inevitable，by all means 5）插入语：that is ，namely*凡出现该种模式词汇必考8.因果句及因果关联1）连词：because ，since，so2）动词：cause ，originate from，derive from3）名词：consequence，result，basis*因果句在托福考题中出现的考点是推理题9.比较级及比喻1）such…as/like/compare2）夸张的比较：a good deal，more，very much alike10.转换语气句（主要体现在“不是…而是…“）Not…but/instead/not so much…than rather/not…in fact二、阅读文章的手段与方式1.主题支配性*所有题目解遵循此规律（中心词一致）*不理解的信息也遵循此规律2.主题常见形式*人物传记：sb’s background and worksThe highlights of sb’s lifesb’s contribution to thedevelopment of modern life(规律:主要集中于贡献,生平,及背景,且此类文章出现概率为每次考试0.65)*艺术评论(本类文章较难)评论某一事件,物体的特性(规律:先批驳过去观点(或一般观点),再竖立自己(作者)观点,并提出相关的理由) *历史事件常见于西部探险/印第安人历史/教育史规律:历史过程/评估方面名词of 对象(或带有early, prehistory等方面修饰词)*动物主题文章:习性或特性(具体)migratory locusts in U.S.A习性或特性或机理(抽象)habits/characteristics of sth.人对动物tame/effects on(规律:植物与动物相似: The physical characteristics of theNeanderthals)*科技类文章(最新托福试题中常见三大类:地质地理,天文气象,生物化学及医学) 规律:1)介绍新科技a new machine in/for sth.2)描述发展过程development of sth.3)对人类影响effects/influence4)过程描述process/outline5)特征/特点/机理mechanics/natures/characteristic三、解题方法汇总1.托福试题性质分类主题型+归纳型+重要细节型+次要细节型（次要细节型为检索型，包括时间，地区，数字等）（归纳型题按主题指导而行）2.解的特点1）相对为解：can/could/may/often/some/more or less impossible等2）主观评定性词汇（在于文章中不出现该类词汇relatively/reasonably/arguably3）主题与中心词汇一致为解3.混淆项特点1）绝对含义词汇all/only/any/entirely/never2）部分对，部分错（比原文具体的项一般为错项）3）答非所问4）反向（与原文相反）4.各类问题解法ⅰ，主题及目的解法：中心词+特征词+文章主题句+段中心prupose：以inform/explain/provide information forⅱ，细节性题目a，关键结构对应（见前）b，其他特征*大写字母/人物mention题型（Why does the author mention Mr Smith in line 7？）解法，人物：选对文章主人公的影响，衬托事物：说明，解释与中心事物相关性*目的（作者提到某物，某人的目的）选，为作者中心服务ⅲ，应用型题型a，作者身份（一般选expert）b，读者身份* The passage was addressed to which of the following people？解为普通读者/听众或大学生*The author raised issues that would most concernWhich of the following groups？解为专家c，文章来源（可能选解为课本或论文）d，文章体裁scholarly style----高深词汇与句子florid style----绚丽词汇与修辞手段understated style----平静，含蓄手法hyperbolic style----夸大，扩张手法formal正式/informal非正式/optimism乐观pessimism 悲观/sceptical怀疑/didactic教诲critical批评/questioning质问/prosaic诗意objective 客观/enthusiastic热情/aloof冷漠cautionary警世/compassionate富有同情心satirical讽刺/defensive反驳/detachment超然ⅳ，推理题a，推理上，下篇文章的主题（文章第一句，或最末一句，关键在于主句）b，数字推理the three years later型c，比较级推理同级推理：x与y性质相同，已知x具有特征z，就可得知y也有z异级推理：x>y 就可推知y反向特征d，时间推理过去A----B，推知现在A----Be，主观意向与客观状态A want to V推知A不具备此特征f，as 结构A is not B，as C，but is D（由此可知A=D，C=B，其中A，C 为主体事物，B，D为特征g，作者观点与一般人观点一般在托福中作者观点与一般人观点相反例：若文章中A=B题The author implies that many people attribute sth to （sth=A）key：A≠Bh ，部分与整体（补集效应）some----othersi ，一般与特殊generally----speciallyj，归纳推理（此类选项易见）ⅴ，态度性试题*文章作者态度*文章中主人公态度*文章中特殊人物态度*文章中一般媒体或大众态度规律：作者态度对于一般客观事实，人物均为褒义词作者态度对于某些人某些观点一般为贬义词其他态度=客观真理+检索ⅵ，结构性试题*organization看文章整体判断*提供信息无检索The passage provides information to answer which of the following questions？按主题及主题词出现频率选择ⅶ，解词题*代词指代对象代词分类：①纯代词：it ，its，they②形容词：former，latter ，same，next③序数词：first，second④副词：there ，here，thus⑤其他：in that way，like that规律：中心词优先（其他词汇复习另注）5.阅读操作*客观与真理（合理性原则）*整体中心一致（主题围绕性）*支配性文字（注重）basic facts，simple principle，predominant mood*总结性文字in general/in short/in a word/briefly托福阅读词汇cacia 金合花accordion 手风琴acquamarine 海蓝宝石acre 英亩acronym首字母缩拼词acute 敏锐的adobe 土墙adorn 装饰adrenaline 肾上腺素affiliate 使隶属于affinity 密切关系afloat 漂浮着aide 副官airborne 在空中alchemist 炼丹家aldosterone 醛固酮alga 水藻allegory 寓言all-star 由明星演员组成的allusive 含暗示的；含典故的aloof 远离的；孤零的devour 吞食dial 日晷dime 一角dinosaur 恐龙dismal 阴沉的dismemberment 瓜分distort 扭弯ditch 水沟divert 转移dizzy 使头昏眼花doggedly 顽强地dolphin 海豚don 披上drape 呈褶状垂下dread 令人敬畏的drill 钻探duke 公爵dulcimer 扬琴dump 倾倒dupe 易受骗的人dwarf 侏儒星aluminum 铝 alumni 男校友 amateur 外行的ambidextrous 两手都善用的 ameliorate 改善 amethyst 紫晶 amin acid 氨苦酸 ammonia 氨 an array of 大量的 anatomy 解剖 anchor 锚 ancillary 附属的 angiotensin 高血压素 annex 并吞 apothecary 药剂师 appeal 吸引力 apply 涂appreciable 相当可观的 arboreal 栖于树木的 arcade 拱形建筑物 arduous 艰苦的 arena 场地 arithmetic 算术 armour 盔甲 aromatic 芳香的dye 染料ecosystem 生态系统 eerily 神秘地 ehthycsaur 鱼龙 elixir 精华eloquent 生动逼真的 emboss 使凸起 embryo 胚 eminence 高地 encroachment 侵占 endocrinology 内分泌素 endotherm 混血动物 entail 必须包括 entrench 保证 entry 参加比赛的人 envision 预测 enzyme 酶 eohippus 始祖马 eons 万古 ephemeral 瞬息的 episode 片段 escalator 自动扶梯 esoteric 秘传的 etch 刻划 excavation 发掘arsenal 军工厂 arthritis 关节炎 artistry 艺术才能 asphalt 沥青assembly line 流水作业线 asteroid 小行星 astrobleme 损星坑 astronaut 宇航员 astute 敏锐的 auction 拍卖 auditorium 礼堂 avalanche 雪崩 avand-garde 先锋 aviation 航空 baboon 狒狒 baleen 鲸须 ballad 民谣 balsam fir 香脂冷杉 bandanna 印花大手帕 barge 驳船 bark 树皮 barn 仓库 barrel 桶 barren 不毛的 basin 流域excel 突出 exert 产生影响 exocrine 外分泌 exotic 奇异的 expenditure 花费 explicit 明确的 external 外部的 extremity 尽头 eyelid 睑facelift 改建；整容 faint 浅淡的 fair 集市 farce 笑剧 fate 命运 faucet 水龙头 fauna 动物群 ferromagnetic 铁磁的 fertile 丰富的 feud 长期不和 firn 粒雪 fix 规定 flagella 鞭毛虫 flair 天才flamboyant 炫耀的 flannel 绒布beacon 灯塔 beam 光线 beaver 河狸 bedrock 基岩 belle 靓女 beluga 白鲸 besiege 围困 bestow 给予 bifocal 双焦点的 bison 野牛 bituminous 沥青的 blaze 闪耀 bleak 荒凉的 blink 眨眼睛 bombard 不断攻击 bonanza 富源 bud 芽 buffalo 野牛buggy 四轮单马轻便马车 bugle 军号 bulldoze 推平 bunch 群 burgeon 发芽 burrow 穴 cabinet 储藏柜fluffy 蓬松的 fluorine 氟 flute 笛子 foliage 叶 foray 突袭 fort 要塞 foster 促进 foul 难闻的 frenzy 疯狂fresco 在…上作湿壁画 frisky 活蹦乱跳 frivolity 轻浮 fumarole 喷气孔 fungus 真菌 funnel 传送 fur 毛 gang 群 garb 空白gem topaz 宝石黄晶 genre 类型 gesso 底料 gibe 嘲笑gingham 花格方布的 gland 腺 glaze 釉cacti 仙人掌 camouflage 化装 bond 债券 boom 兴旺 border 边界 bore 内膛 brawl 争吵；吵架 breeze 微风 brittle 易碎的 bromine 溴 bubble 沸腾 canary 金丝雀 canoe 小划子 carat 公制克拉 cardinal 基本的 caribou 北美驯鹿 carnivorous 食肉的 cartoon 漫画 catch 袭击 caterpillar 毛虫 cathedral 大教堂 cavity 洞 chafe 擦伤 chain 拘禁 chaos 混乱glean 收集体 glide 滑动 glimpse 瞥视 global 完整的 glow 发光 gnaw 咬 golly 天哪 gorgeous 华丽的 gospel 信条；福音 gouache 树胶水彩画 gourd 葫芦 gourmet 美食家 gratuitous 免费的 graze on 吃 grind 磨制 grit 勇气 groom 打扮 grope 摸索 grumble 抱怨 gulf 海湾 gush 涌 hacienda 庄园 hairdo 发型 hamper 妨碍 hander 渴望chimpanzee 黑猩猩 chlorophyil 叶绿素 chondrite 球粒陨石 choppy 波涛起伏的 chunk 大块 churn 翻腾 cipher 运算 citadel 堡垒 clan 家族 clash 冲突 clavichord 古钢琴 cliff 悬崖 clip 删 cluster 丛生 coaming 舱口拉板 codify 编集成典 coelenterate 腔肠动物 colonel 陆军上校 colored filter 彩色滤光片 colossal 巨大的 comical 可笑的 concave 凹面的 condemn 批评；责备 condor 大秃鹫 confer 授予handicap 残疾；障碍 haphazardly 随意地harem 由一群雄性动物支配的一群雌性动物 harness 应用harpsichord 拨弦古钢琴 hatchet 短柄小斧 haunt 常去 haven 避风港 hay 干草 helium 氦 hemlock 铁杉 herald 欢迎 herculean 非常大的 hexagon 六边形 hippopotamus 河马 hive 蜂巢homeotherm 恒温动物 hominid 人种 hook up 连接 horde 群hormone 激素；荷尔蒙 host 寄主 humble 卑下的 hump 峰congenial 协调的 congestion 拥挤 conifer 松柏目植物 connoisseur 行家 conscription 征募 consortium 国际性协会 convection zone 对流层 converge 汇合 converse 交谈 convex 凸的 convey 传递 coral 珊瑚 corona 日冕 corps 队 corral 占有 corridor 地带 corset 紧身衣 counterfeit 伪造 crater 火山口 crevice 裂缝 crisscross 交叉 crooked 弯曲的 crowbar 撬棍 crumple 扭弯 crunch 艰难的局面hydra 水螅 hygiene 卫生 icicle 冰柱iconographic 肖像学 idiosyncracy 独特风格 idleness 懒散 idyllic 田园诗般的 impediment 妨碍 imperative 命令 impetus 促进improvise 即席创作inanity 愚蠢incandescent 炽热的 incur 招致 indenture 师徒契约 inexorably 不可阻挡地 infiltration 渗入 infinitely 无限地 influx 涌入 infrared 红外线 innate 天生的 insanity 疯狂 insulation 隔离 intact 完好无损的 intestine 脉crustacean 甲壳动物 cucumber 黄瓜 cumbersome 笨重的 curio 古董；珍品 cyan 青色 cylinder 汽缸 dam 坝 dampen 使潮湿 dart 飞奔 daunt 威吓 dazzlingly 耀眼地 deaccess 拍卖；出售 debut 首次登台演出 deccication 脱水 décor 装饰 delectable 美味的 demolish 毁坏 departure 脱离 depot 货栈；仓库 derrick 铁架塔 desalination 脱盐 desolate 荒凉的 desperate 绝望的 devastate 破坏intimate 亲密的 intrepid 勇敢的 intricate 复杂的 intriguing 有迷惑力的 iodine 碘isolated 与世隔绝的 jack 千斤顶 jagged 参差不齐的 jibe with 符合… jolt 少量 jostle 挤 juggle 变戏法 jumble 乱堆 kennel 狗窝 kerosene 煤油托福听力长段文章及阅读攻略新方法根据上海道正学校教学与研究发现托福考试中听力PART C 文章与阅读部分文章的主题，即文章的内容有极大相似性，若从内容上划分大概可分成如下30大部分：托福考试旨在测验外国学生的英语、文化程度，内容以北美大学及校园生活为主。
托福阅读长单句
托福阅读长单句Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．句法结构：(定语后置in some ways…)整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语中文翻译：由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句明细：分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space修饰关系：分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
(完整版)雅思托福常用单词句型100句
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1. 美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3. 人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4. 由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.5. 任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.6. 一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
TOEFL托福100经典句子(左右中英完美对照)
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an 19. 音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音 almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long 量经久不衰。 period of time.
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the 20. 虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但 southeastern part of the United States, they are 是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。 found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
17. Anthropology is a science in that 17. 人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整 anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and 套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样 techniques to document observations that can be 记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。 checked by others.
23. Over a very large number of trials, the 23. 在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于 probability of an event’s occurring is equal to 它不发生的几率。 the probability that it will not occur.
1. 美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草 原动物。
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
托福各种题型的综合写作模板
‘但是’but, however, in fact, actually, on the contrary, in/on contrast
‘虽然’although, though, while, even if, even enough, it is true that...
‘而不是’instead, instead of
4.当大量出现数字时，数字不会考，考的是通
2.用单词的前三四个字母记笔记
3.用发音的辅音记笔记
4.用汉语记笔记
5.用数字和符号记笔记
6.同义词记笔记
7.听完听力之后，不要停继续记笔记记下听到但未记住的单词将所记的单词扩充为句子
记笔记练习三部曲
第一步，看着阅读和听力材料寻找要点。3~5篇
For a start, the lecturer holds that food irradiation fails to improve food security, which evidently contradicts theperspective and perceptionin the reading passage. The writer in the reading passage emphasizes that 90-99% of the pathogens and viruses in food can be killed and that food-borne disease can be prevented. Conversely, the lecturer holds that the existence of the minority of viruses will make these viruses become more resistible and formidable, make irradiated food more dangerous and even give birth to some super viruses which may trigger an increasing number of new diseases.
雅思托福常用单词句型精选(四)
雅思托福常用单词句型精选（四）1、Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections.中翻译:由于空间不足，艺术博物馆在考虑购买和接受捐赠的艺术品是越来越慎重，有些情况下放弃其进一步改善收藏的机会。
2、Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.中翻译:无政府主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度，它们的主要共同点在于相信政府是有害的，没有必要的。
3、Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.中翻译:Alexander Graham Bell 曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。
4、Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.中翻译:在竹子的近七百个品种中，有的全长成还不到一英尺，有的却能在二十四小时内长出三英尺。
托福黄金阅读技巧：长难句分析
托福黄金阅读技巧：长难句分析长难句是我们做托福阅读是最怕遇到的，现在小编分享一些长难句分析给大家，希望对你们的学习有帮助。
长难句分析：二战之后的加拿大Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth.(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War分句2：is分句3：the country's impressive population growth分句1，2，3共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是3，2，1，即：该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War.本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.长难句分析：昆虫的数量The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.(同位语从句fact that…;定语从句that comprise the bulk…)【译句】考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。
【托福阅读】精选阅读真题长难句50句
【托福阅读】精选阅读真题长难句50句1、 Later experiments in which researchers played recordings of songs to youngbirds showed just how precise this influence was, many of them would learnthe exact pattern of the recording they had heard.2、 The crude song of a bird reared in isolation gives some clues as to what thisrough idea may be the length, the frequency range and the breaking up intonotes are all aspects of chaffinch song shared between normal birds andthose reared in isolation.3、 Whatever the nature of the learning rules in a particular species, there is nodoubt that they are effective, it is very unusual to hear a wild bird singing asong which is not typical of its own species despite the many different songswhich often occur in a small patch of woodland.4、 Chemical analysis of bones enables archaeologists to determine theproportion of meat to vegetable foods in the diet by measuring the proportionof calcium to strontium in ancient bone because strontium in place of calciumin bones comes primarily from ingested plants.5、 Each dwelling had a different arrangement of the giant bones, which camefrom the skeletons of long-dead animals retrieved from the surrounding areaby occupants of the site, not from animals they had recently hunted.6、 In a precedent-setting decision, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commissionordered the dam removed after concluding that the environmental andeconomic benefits of a free-flowing river outweighed the electricity generatedby the dam.7、 Built nearly a century ago to provide power to lumber and paper mills in thetown of Port Angeles, these dams blocked access to upstream spawning bedsfor six species of salmon on what once was one of the most productivesalmon rivers in the world.8、 The Hetch Hetchy Dam in Yosemite National Park might be taken down toreveal what John Muir, the founder of the prestigious environmentalorganization Sierra Club, called a valley “just as beautiful and worthy ofpreservation as the maj estic Yosemite.”9、 A chance collision between two comets, or the gravitational influence of oneof the Jovian planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—mayoccasionally alter the orbit of a comet in these regions enough to send it tothe inner solar system and into our view.10、 These comets appear to be distributed in all directions from the Sun, forminga spherical shell around the solar system, called the Oort cloud, after theDutch astronomer Jan Oort.11、 After the arrival of hunter-gatherers in the southwestern region of NorthAmerica, several alternative types of agriculture emerged, all involvingdifferent solutions to the Southwest’s fundamental problem: how to obtainenough water to grow crops in an environment in which rainfall is so low andunpredictable that little or no farming is practiced there today.12、 That fate actually befell the Mimbres, who started by farming the floodplainand then began to farm adjacent land above the floodplain as their population ca me to exceed the floodplain’s capacity to support it.13、 However, when drought conditions returned, that gamble left them with apopulation double what the floodplain could support, and Mimbres societycollapsed suddenly under the stress.14、 One more strategy was to plant crops at many sites even though rainfall waslocally unpredictable and then to harvest crops at whichever sites did getenough rain to produce a good harvest and to redistribute some of theharvest to the people still living at all the sites that did not happen to receiveenough rain that year.15、 Sanitation problems caused by larger, more sedentary populations wouldhave helped transmit diseases in human waste, as would the use of animaldung for fertilizer.16、 The increase in many of these came not only from the fact that fewer peoplewere dying from infectious disease and were living longer but also from theresults of modern lifestyles in developed countries and among the upperclasses of developing countries – a more sedentary life leading to lessphysical activity, more stress; environmental pollution, andhigh-fat diets.17、 This evolution may have been encouraged by what some authorities considerour overuse of antibiotics, giving microorganisms a greater chance to evolveresistance by exposing them to a constant barrage of selective challenges.18、 Therefore, on many reefs it is the fast-growing, branching corals thatultimately dominate at the upper, shallower portion of the reef, whereasmore massive forms dominate in deeper areas.19、 The fact that almost all small invertebrates on reefs are so well hidden orhighly camouflaged is another indicator of how prevalent predation is onreefs and its importance in determining reef structure.20、 Finally, they need reliable methods of storage because, where plant foodscannot provide a dietary safety net, planning has to be precise and detailedto ensure that there is enough to tide them over in periods of shortage.21、 Coins also provide a valuable source of written records: they can revealinformation about the location where they are found, which can provideevidence about trade practices there, and their inscriptions can beinformative about the issuing authority, whether they werecity-states (as inancient Greece) or sole rulers (as in Imperial Rome or in the kingdoms ofmedieval Europe).22、 The great risk with historical records is that they can impose their ownperspective so that they begin not only to supply the answers to ourquestions but subtly to determine the nature of those questions and even ourconcepts and terminology.23、 Not all botanists agree with an African-South American center for theevolution and dispersal of the angiosperms, pointing out that many of themost primitive forms of flowering plants are found in the South Pacific,including portions of Fiji, New Caledonia, New Guinea, eastern Australia, andthe Malay Archipelago.24、 To elaborate, before the eighth century, the elite marriage practice, whichwas an important instrument of political alliance making, had encouragedrulers to maintain multiple palaces: that of their own family and those of theirspouses, who commonly remained at or near their native family headquarters,at least for some years after marriage.25、 Nearly five billion years ago, some external influence, such asa shock wavetraveling from a catastrophic explosion (supernova), may have triggered thecollapse of this huge cloud of gases and minute grains of heavier elements,causing the cloud to begin to slowly contract due to the gravitationalinteractions among its particles.26、 Nearly five billion years ago, some external influence, such asa shock wavetraveling from a catastrophic explosion (supernova), may have triggered thecollapse of this huge cloud of gases and minute grains of heavier elements,causing the cloud to begin to slowly contract due to the gravitationalinteractions among its particles.27、 Steady overseas demand for colonial products created a prosperity thatenabled colonists to consume ever-larger amounts not only of clothing but ofdishware, home furnishings, tea, and a range of other items both produced inBritain and imported by British and colonial merchants from elsewhere.28、 Such materials as iron and nickel and the elements of which the rock-formingminerals are composed—silicon, calcium, sodium, and so forth—formedmetallic and rocky clumps that orbited the Sun.29、 This act was intended less to raise revenue than to serve as a protective tariff(tax) that would benefit British West Indian sugar producers at the expenseof their French rivals.30、 Parliament used British tax money to pay modest incentives to Americansproducing such items as silk, iron, dyes, hemp, and lumber, which Britainwould otherwise have had to import from other countries, and it raised theprice of commercial rivals’ imports by imposing protective tariffs on them.31、 The concept of chromatic adaptation was proposed in 1883; and thehypothesis was accepted for about 100 years, until it was realized that suchzonation did not necessarily occur and that the distribution of seaweedsdepended more on herbivory (the consumption of plant material),competition, varying concentration of the specialized pigments, and the abilityof seaweeds to alter their forms of growth.32、First, demand for news increased as Europe’s commercial and politicalinterests spread around the globe—merchants in London, Liverpool, orGlasgow, for example, came to depend on early news of Caribbean harvestsand gains and losses in colonial wars.33、 Industries with high concentrations of employment in urban areas, where aworker’s change of employer does not necessarily require investing in achange of residence, appear to have higher rates of job turnover thanindustries concentrated in nonmetropolitan areas do.34、 Some researchers, for example, have argued that a particular kind of pottery,called Ramey incised (which is incised with figures of eyes, fish, arrows, andabstract objects and was used by the people in the area of present-dayMissouri and Illinois at about A.D 900), was primarily used to distribute foodbut was also used to communicate the idea that the society’s elite, for whomthe pots were made, were mediators of cosmic forces.35、 There are several limiting factors, but results from a recent experimentsuggest that in areas of the ocean where other nutrients are plentiful, ironmay be one of the most important and, until recently, unrecognized variablescontrolling phytoplankton production.36、 In 1894, C. Lloyd Morgan, an early comparative behaviorist, insisted thatanimal behavior be explained as simply as possible without reference toemotions or motivations since these could not be observed or measured.37、 Assuming that in the early 1770s at least half of the demand for grain fromfarmers with surpluses was satisfied through long-distance channels, theproportion of grain produced for consumption beyond the local marketprobably accounted for about a quarter of total grain production consumedby humans.38、Sea turtles’ eggs are laid at night to minimize the likelihood of their discoveryby predators, and the offspring, when ready to emerge from their eggshellsand dig their way out of the sand, hatch at night for the same reason.39、 In short, therefore, the site Memphis offered the rulers of the Early DynasticPeriod an ideal location for controlling internal trade within their realm, anessential requirement for a state-directed economy that depended on themovement of goods.40、 In particular, research has focused on determining why such an apparentlyinhospitable place as Chaco, which today is extremely arid and has very shortgrowing seasons, should have favored the concentration of labor that musthave been required for such massive construction projects over brief periodsof time.41、 In one case, seeds of the arctic lupine, a member of the pea family recoveredfrom ancient lemming burrows in the Arctic, germinated in three days eventhough they were carbon-dated at more than 10,000years old!42、 In fact, unpredictability is probably a greater problem than is the severity ofthe unfavorable period.43、 Similar reasoning suggested that one could estimate total elapsed geologictime by dividing the average thickness of sediment transported annually tothe oceans into the total thickness of sedimentary rock that had ever beendeposited in the past.44、 The process that marine creatures use to create light is like that of thecommon firefly and similar to that which creates the luminous green colorseen in plastic glow sticks, often used as children’s toys or for illuminationduring nighttime events.45、 But its appearance under a microscope is even more spectacular, the livingcopepod appears as if constructed of delicately handcrafted, multicoloredpieces of stained glass.46、 Cleared lands would more likely have been worked by hand tilling, with littledirect help from animals, and the vast forests natural to Northern Europeremained either untouched, or perhaps cleared in small sections by fire, andthe land probably used only so long as the ash-enriched soil yielded goodcrops and then abandoned for some other similarly cleared field.47、 Because nests at the edges of breeding colonies are more vulnerable topredators than those in the centers, the preference for advantageous centralsites promotes dense centralized packing of nests.48、 In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenthcentury, one cannot really use the term “urban planning,” as it suggestsmodern concerns for spatial and service organization which, in most instances,did not exist before the planning revolution called the City BeautifulMovement that began in the 1890s.49、 There the limits that topography imposed on production have been tightenedby climate, with the result that agricultural output has been more modest andless reliable, making the risk of crop failure and hardship commensuratelygreater.50、 Because liquid water was present, self-replicating molecules of carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen developed life early in Earth’s history and haveradically modified its surface, blanketing huge parts of the continents withgreenery.。
托福阅读中的倒装句整理
托福阅读中的倒装句整理托福阅读之所以让同学们苦恼，除了托福阅读词汇量较大以外，句子结构复杂也是新托福阅读的障碍之一。
面对难句，我们必须迅速把握其主干和重点，下面介绍的倒装句便是如此。
来看看吧!托福阅读中的倒装句整理托福阅读中的倒装句主要有下列情况：1.方位副词放在句首Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。
2.介词放在句首Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate， lay eggs，and rear their young are common murres，Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes， and northern gannets。
3. 形容词放在句首Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well：that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。
4.过去分词放在句首Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”， the film has never been， in the full sense of the word， silent。
toefl长难句200例精讲与精练
Toefl长难句200例精讲与精练导言托福（T OE FL）考试中，长难句是阅读和听力部分常见的难点之一。
掌握长难句的解读和运用对于备考者来说至关重要。
本文将提供200个精选的长难句例题，并进行深入解析和练习，帮助考生更好地掌握托福长难句。
第一部分：例题解析1.1长难句例题1高考英语试卷中，“I t is+被强调部分+th a t/wh o+其他部分”的句型非常常见。
请分析下面这个例句：>I ti st he sh ee rs cal e of th eI nt er ne t's i nf lu en ce th at mak e si ts or e ma rk ab le.这个句子的主干是“t he sh ee rs ca le of t he In te rn et's inf l ue nc e”，而主语是整个句子的强调部分。
1.2长难句例题2在阅读中，遇到由一个“主语从句”和一个“宾语从句”组成的句子结构时，要注意从属连词的引导和从句中的主谓一致。
请分析下面这个例句：>I ti si mp or ta nt tha t st ud en ts un de rst a nd th ei mp or ta nce o ft im em a na ge me nt if th eyw a nt to su cc ee d.这个句子的主句是“I t is im po rt an t”，从句是“t ha ts tu de nt su nd e rs ta nd th ei mp ort a nc eo ft im em an age m en ti ft he y wa nt to su cc ee d”，注意从句中的主谓一致现象。
1.3长难句例题3有时候，长难句会通过添加让步状语从句来增加句子的复杂度和意义。
请分析下面这个例句：>D es pi te be in gt ire d,I de ci de dt og ofo r ar un.这个句子中，“D esp i t e be in gt ir ed”是一个让步状语从句，它表达了尽管疲倦，但我还是决定去跑步的意思。
托福阅读轻松搞定长短句-
托福阅读轻松搞定长短句1. 定义:如果句子只包含一个主谓结构,句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示。
2. 分析方法:对于难度较大的简单句,阅读的基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾,找出句子的主干,忽略其他的成分,将长句变成短句,将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。
3. 复杂的简单句解析:(1不定式及不定式短语做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语例1.To hold people accountable for their actions is important.中文译文:督促人们为自己的行为负责是十分重要的。
结构分析:不定式短语to hold people accountable for their action 做主语。
(2动名词及动名词短语做主语、表语、宾语例2. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative so lutions,and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.中文译文:它涉及到探究深层次的关注,想出有创造性的解决方案,以及当利益矛盾时,做出交易和妥协。
结构分析:这是一个简单句。
主语是it,谓语是involves,三个动名词短语做宾语(属于平行结构。
在阅读中经常出现“a and b”或“a or b”的形式,其中a 与b 同义或近义,所以只要认识其中一个词就能猜测出另一个词的大致意思。
例如:trade-off and compromises。
(3后置定语例3. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation,the act of communication intended to reach agreement.中文译文:做这件事最常用的方法是谈判,一种想要达成一致的交流的行为。
Djhtwk托福常用句型及替换(全)
生活需要游戏，但不能游戏人生；生活需要歌舞，但不需醉生梦死；生活需要艺术，但不能投机取巧；生活需要勇气，但不能鲁莽蛮干；生活需要重复，但不能重蹈覆辙。
-----无名Positive1．Be supposed to -----shouldIn fact, going on a diet is supposed to be more than just eating little. It should also be about eating healthily.1.Bear in mind that 牢记It’s important to bear in mind that an assessment based on the data is only a prediction. The results are not carved in stone.2.There is no better way to …than to… 去做某事的最好方式There is no better way to connect with and truly understand the diverse experiences and talents of students and their families than to be a visible member of their community.3.Go a long way---非常有效Sincere praise, encouragement and appreciation go a long way—even just saying “thank you” leaves a lasting impression.4.It is worthwhile to -----be worth doing sthBefore you vote for a certain candidate in an election, it’s worthwhile to find his/her true worth.5.Give Sb. A competitive edge –给某人竞争优势Foreign language skills give people a competitive edge in this age of globalization.6.Expand one’s outlook 开阔眼界Encouraging students to study a foreign language is a way to e xpand their outlook.7.Generate employment opportunities---创造就业机会8.Dedicate A to B----spend A on B9.Assume/ shoulder the responsibility for---承担起责任10.Be mindful of -----pay close attention to--- 关注11.Put … into practice12.Fulfill one’s potential13.From within---- 来自内心深处When you feel uncomfortable with your circumstances, listen to yourself, you own experiences, your own thoughts and your gifts from within, which are real and true.14.Be in tune with---与… 和谐，与…一致15.Promote the development of-----促进….发展16.Raise people’s awareness of 提高人们的某种意识17.Has found one’s niche-----找到适合自己的工作事业定位18.Be the cornerstone of---是….的基石19.Participate in --- 参与20.Afford people the sense of belonging21.….is a main driving force behind…是…的主要推动力22.Be in accordance with…23.Catch a glimpse of----走马观花Visitors to gallery caught a glimpse of the painters’ observations and fantasies.24.Incorporate … into… 将XX 结合进XX25.Get the best of both worlds ---两全其美26.A waken the conscience of society---唤起社会的良知或责任感27.Far from being-----完全不是….Far from being amateurs, these kids know the game rules inside out.28.Know…inside out----对…了如指掌29.Make it a point to-----make sure that 确保30.Is a milepost in… 在…过程中是一个标志性事件31. A labor of love----发自内心的努力He did all this as a labor of love. He didn’t need any recognition for it. 32.Get into the swing of things--- 去努力熟悉适应身边的事物Moving to a new country can be really stressful and it’ll take a while for you to get into the swing of things.Negative1.Be at riskRun the risk of2.Few of us have ever stopped to think about---很少有人去考虑3.Be concerned about----担忧4.Have a hard time doing sth----很难实现或者完成某事Y ou’ll have a hard time falling asleep if you wake up earlier than desired or if you continue to think and worry.5.Be at odds with sth----与….冲突，与…..不符6.Be threatened/intimidated with----受到…威胁7.Abide by/ comply with/ conform to law/ rule 遵守8.Be overly dependent on---对某事过度依赖9.…very little, if any, … 只有很少，如果有的话Some scientists believe that human activity has very little, if any, impact on the recent warming trend on Earth.10.In part because----partly because…部分因为11.If…, ….will ensue---如果….，某种结果将跟随而来Disasters will ensue if they remain unready like this.12.…. Hover at high levels-----居高不下The unemployment rate has been hovering at historically high levels this year.13.Be subject to…经受/遭受14.Be susceptible to----容易受到来自… 的负面影响Children tent to be more susceptible t o advertising, especially when they view the advertising alone.15.Be confronted with----face16.…is not a panacea for…某种方案并不是解决某个问题的万能药17.Drive up the crime rate18.Have adverse effect on----对….有负面的影响19.Sth. Is unwarranted----某种做法很不合理20.Spin out of control / lose track of 失去控制/ 失去对某事的管理The demand for economic growth is helping make the American consumerism spin out of control.It’s easy for people to lose track of time when they use the internet.21.be not compatible with….与…不一致22.Be vulnerable to 容易成为…的受害者23.What’s the good of…..? ….又有何好处呢？What’s the good of having more advanced public transit if it’s increasingly difficult to transport industrial and agricultural products? 24.Live in poverty/ misery/frustration/ anxietyLiving in misery,these people have no chance to receive education, which might be the only way that can lift them out of poverty.25.Diminish individuals’ leisure time 减少人们的休闲时间26.Stifle creativity 扼杀创造力27.Be afflicted by------遭受28.Be oblivious to -----对….完全无视Oblivious to our limits, we attempt things that we can’t really handle. 29.T ake…for grantedMany young Americans take the comforts of living in America for granted. They would become more grateful for that if they saw more of the world.30.Poorly-informed, uninformed or misinformed about…关于某事了解很少，完全不了解或错误了解Many Americans believe that they have been poorly-informed, uninformed or misinformed about the war in Iraq.31.Lower one’s expectations ---降低某人的期望值To keep from being disappointed, we sometimes lower our expectations or avoid taking challenges.32.Go from bad to worse----越来越糟Things went from bad to worse and in the end, leader apologized for their mistakes.33.There’s no guarantee that---无法保证34.(A certain problem) has reached such proportions that…问题已到了….程度The economic crisis has reached such proportions that global control efforts must be made immediately.Middle1.On the basis of..-----基于…2.Are likely to…/ are unlikely to3.The greater the population there is in a locality, the greaterthe need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.比较级越…，就越…）4.Old and young alike (unlike) / friends and family alike Shopping is fun for old and young alike.5.…. Is a fact of life6.… is a daily occurrence----某事每天都在发生Even in a world where change is a daily occurrence, it’s not easy to push forward reforms about healthcare and environment policies.7.It’s little / no wonder that… 毫不奇怪It’s no wonder that many ladies like shopping.8.More than anything, …. 最关键的是More than anyting , the medical professionals debated the name of this health problem.9.This trend is not restricted to---这个趋势不仅仅限于This trend is not restricted to wealthy students who have the money to do this, but is also evident among poorer students.10.It’s rare for sb./ sth to… 某人/事很少会怎样It’s rare for any type of market structure to run with absolute efficiency.11.It’s not uncommon for…to.. 通常…With the arrival of fall, it's not uncommon to see painters working on the sides of roads in America.12.….may not…otherwise. 否则….就不会….Supporting children with mentors and after-school programs will give them opportunities and guidance that they might not receive otherwise.13.Be aimed at sth.-----target sth. 目标是….14.…lie at the heart of…. 处于核心地位At the heart of the function of these machines is motion, which is the source of input to the machine.15.The proliferation of… （污染…）的大量扩散The proliferation of fast-food restaurants in America has made it even harder for Americans to eat healthy lunches.16.In all likelihood----很可能In all likelihood, these decisions would be made by government officials who don’t necessarily understand the problems any better.17.…., by no means,…----….绝不是18.Are not entirely unfounded----不是完全没有根据Persistent American fears of being overshadowed economically by china are not entirely unfounded.19.Put sth in perspective ---- 客观地看待This important medical report has helped people put the medicine in perspective.20.Be interrelated and interdependent ---- 相互联系，互相依赖的21.There is no substitute for… 某事物是无法替代的Vitamin pills are no substitute for a healthy diet.22.Cease to…不再----has never ceased to----从未停止过…23.Can be traced back to…可以追溯到24.It’s no exaggeration to say that….毫不夸张地说It’s no exaggeration to say that every human being is fooled by his/her own ideas once in a while.25．it’s too simplistic to say that…--片面的It’s too simplistic to say that television is harmful for kids.25.It’s hard to overstate the significance of----怎么说的重要性也不为过It’s hard to overstate the significance of reading and writing skills in the twenty-first century.26. A major shift in…某方面的重要转变The last two decades have witnessed a major shift in the global distribution of economic power.27.Sth is consolidating its status as the…. 某事物正在不断加固它作为….的地位English has been consolidating its status as the dominant language inthe world.28.…..sound as if…. 听起来似乎…(其实并不是那么回事)Days with no work to do sounds as if they would be heavenly. Usually, though, if we stay in bed or read a book for too long, there is nothing good on television anymore.29.Is an important factor in determining…/ is an importantelement of… 是….的决定因素The scores that students receive on tests like the SA T or toefl a re important factors in determining the college or university that a student attends in the united states.30.Be bent on/ be bent upon…全身心地投入去做某事To develop the resources of a new country required energetic people, bent upon using their energies—not only for the rewards that would result to themselves, but even more importantly, to the community.31.Is a contributing factor to sth. 是…的导致因素之一32.AboundOld structures abound in many European cities.33.Sth impels/ prompts sb. to do…促使某人去…../ spurSpurred by her early success, she went on to write more novels, which were equally successful.34.An indication of… 显示出/反映出Success is normally an indication of human qualities such as intelligence,integrity, ambition and perseverance.35.Be inseparable from… 与…密不可分Budget planning is inseparable from the strategy for reducing the deficit.36.…is inextricably intertwined with…与….有着千丝万缕的联系All individuals are inextricably intertwined with their communities, regardless of their own competence.37.Be mutually helpful/beneficial/exclusive/ dependent38.Is the exact antithesis of …与…截然相反Jane is so pretentious. She is the exact antithesis of what I would find attractive in ladies.39.T ake steps/ take measures to do sth -----采取措施去做某事Preventing a health problem is always better than treating it and there are some steps you can take to protect yourself from the potential damage. 40.Be accountable to sb/ be accountable for sth---be responsible tosb 向某人/某事负责主语多为manager, president, the administrators, the government, the organization, the hospital The tax reform will make the government accountable for its spending. 41. A variety of/ a wide range of/ a wide array of / the huge varietyof 各种各样的42.The bottom line is… 根本考虑的因素The bottom line is that all students should be respected and be encouraged to learn how to apply the principles of equality so that each one of them can feel included.43.Looking back, … / in retrospect, …------with the wisdom ofhindsight, I should have… 回头来看/ 其实早该In retrospect, my university years seem more enjoyable than they really were.With the wisdom of hindsight, I should have taken the job.44.Be a watershed---turning point ---重大转折That year was a watershed in her life, she changed her career and changed her partner.45.Develop / advance by leaps and bounds----突飞猛进The IT industry had grown by leaps and bounds in Silicon V alley until the dot-com crash.46.The advent of…….的来临The advent of automobiles greatly increased the demand for petroleum.47.Embark on… /embark upon 进入某个阶段48.Is a blessing in disguise---- 因祸得福When we got there, that Greek restaurant was packed with people. But it was just a blessing in disguise: we found a better one.。
托福长难句120句解析
托福长难句120句解析1. 英语中的长难句往往给学习者带来困惑和挑战。
2. 本文将为大家解析120个托福长难句，帮助大家更好地理解和应对这些句子结构复杂的句子。
3. 第一句：Although he had studied hard, he still failed the test.4. 这个句子是一个典型的虽然...但是...的结构，虽然他努力学习，但仍然没有通过考试。
5. 这种结构在托福阅读和听力中经常出现，所以我们要注意理解和运用这种句子结构。
6. 第二句：Not only did he win the competition, but he also broke the record.7. 这个句子是一个典型的不仅...而且...的结构，他不仅赢得了比赛，而且还打破了纪录。
8. 在托福写作和口语中，我们也可以使用这种结构来增强句子的表达能力。
9. 第三句：It was not until midnight that he finished his work.10. 这个句子是一个典型的直到...才...的结构，直到午夜他才完成了工作。
11. 这种结构在托福考试中经常出现，所以我们要熟悉并运用这种句子结构。
12. 第四句：The more books you read, the more knowledge you will gain.13. 这个句子是一个典型的越...越...的结构，你读的书越多，你就会获得越多的知识。
14. 在托福阅读和写作中，我们可以使用这种结构来增强句子的比较和对比效果。
15. 第五句：Despite the rain, they still went hiking in the mountains.16. 这个句子是一个典型的尽管...但是...的结构，尽管下雨，他们仍然去爬山。
17. 这种结构在托福听力和口语中经常出现，所以我们要注意理解和运用这种句子结构。
18. 第六句：As the saying goes, "Practice makes perfect."19. 这个句子是一个典型的正如谚语所说，"熟能生巧"。
托福作文常用句型
托福作文常用句型托福作文常用句型托福是由美国教育测验服务社(ETS)举办的英语能力考试，全名为"检定非英语为母语者的英语能力考试"，下面请看带来的托福作文常用句型！①as the graph de//. /picethe focus of the society .②…has been playing anincreasingly important role in our day-to-day life .③Nowadays there is agrowing concern for …④Nowadays it ismon to hear /see …⑤…has bee a monourrence in our daily life .⑥Nowadays more andmore people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of …⑦It is only duringthe last /past few years that man has bee generally aware that …⑧There is an old /popular saying / proverb which says / goes …⑨In recent years ,there is a general tendency …⑩Nowadays … has beea problem we have to face .①Some people like /prefer …, while others are / feel inclined to …②There are differentopinions among people as to … Some believe … whole hold …③Some people claimthat … is superior to … Others , however , disagree with it .④Some people believe … Othersmaintain … Still others claim …⑤Some people suggest … Others ,howeve r , hold the opposite opinion .⑥On the one hand ,people tend to … On the other hand , they feel …⑦Some people arguethat … Others , in contrast ,believe that …⑧Although more andmore people e to believe … thereare still others who insist that …⑨On the contrary ,there are people in favor of …⑩There are somepeople who hold different opinionsabout …①My own experiencetells me that …②In my opinion , weshould attack more importance to …③As for my own ideaabout … I believe …④As far as I amconcerned , I plan to …⑤Personally , Iprefer …⑥In my view , bothsides are partly right in that …⑦But for me , I wouldrather …⑧My own point of viewis that …⑨In conclusion , Isupport the statement that …⑩As regards me , Itend to choose …①Thank you for yourletter of …②It is a pleasure forme invite you on behalf of … to aept …③Thanks so much foryour letter , which arrived …④I am writing to youwith reference to …⑤I am writing to youin connection with …⑥I would be gratefulif you could / would …⑦I would like to knowsome information on …⑧It will beappreciated if you can / could …⑨I would also like toknow if you can / could …⑩I look forward tohearing from you .①From what has beendiscussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that …②Therefore , it isnot difficult to draw / e to the conclusion that …③It is high time thatsomething was done about …④From all the reasons/ consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that …⑤Taking into aountall these factors , we may reach the conclusion that …⑥Given the reasons /consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I stronglyremend that …⑦It is clear ,therefore , that …⑧All in all ,whatreally matters is , in fact , to …⑨It is essential thateffective measure be taken to …⑩From what has beendiscussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that …In conclusion ,the most important is …On the whole , it is high time that every one …As a result , we should take some effective steps to …Judging by the figures / statistics , it is notdifficult to seethat …Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …1、是否长短句交叉；2、是否会使用插入语；3、用词是否多样，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词；4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词；5、句型使用是否准确、地道。
关于托福阅读句型结构的整理
关于托福阅读句型结构的整理摘要：关于托福阅读句型结构的整理.本文为大家介绍一些托福阅读文章中常出现的句型的结构，大家在做托福阅读真题时时不妨多多熟悉一下这些结构，相信对大家的文章理解一定有所帮助。
一、英语句子结构的原则1、谓动单一性原则在一个句子里，有且只有一个谓语动词。
2、主句单一性原则在一个句子中，有且只有一个主句。
(从句可以有若干个)二、三大从句1、名词性从句主语从句宾语从句同位语从句引导词 (what/how/that/why/whether)结构主语从句what+VO=n. for eg.what+SV=n. What you said is right.形式宾语 Make it possible for sb.to dothat/how/why/whether+SVO=n.That the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs is known.It is known that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs.(形式主语居多)**形式主语和强调句的区别形式主语 It + v + (that +SVO)=n.n.=it强调句 It is/was + A + that + BSVO=A+B而且通常情况下 It is/was……是强调句同位语从句同位语的实质 n1,n2—n1=n2S,n,VO.=S,引+svo,VO前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。
The fact, that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs, is known.可接同位语的名词多为抽象名词，例如：view/idea/suggestion/fact/reason/conclusion……**同位语和定语从句的区别同位语的句子中，前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。
The fact, that the sun is round.定语从句中，引导词充当成分。
2023托福考试口语必备句型
2023托福考试口语必备句型一、否定句型1、I don’t wholly agree.我并不完全同意｡2、All my plans came to nothing.我的一切计划都没实现｡3、I shall never do it, not under any circumstances.我不会做那事的,4、I’ll not do such a thing, not I.我不会干这种事的,决不会｡5、I could not assent to, much less participate in such proceedings.我对这种行为不能赞同,哪里还说得上参加｡6、I did not even see him, still less shake hands with him.我看都没看见他,哪里还可能同他握手呢?7、I never thought of it, let alone did I do it.我想都没想到它,更谈不上去做了｡8、Little remains to be said.简直没什么可说的了｡9、I have hardly ever been out of Beijing.我几乎未曾离开过北京｡10、I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone.你走后我很少看见他,几乎可说完全没见过他｡11、I could not help showing my pleasure.我不禁喜形于色｡12、I cannot but admire his courage.我不得不赞美他的勇气｡13、There is not a moment to be lost.分秒必争｡14、There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡｡15、Not a soul was anywhere visible.到处见不到一个人｡16、I felt sorry for not coming in time.我很抱歉没准时到｡17、I don’t think it is right to make such a hasty decision.我认为如此仓促做决定是不正确的｡18、Everybody, it is true, wouldn’t like it.的确并不是人人都喜欢它｡二、数词句型1、I ask you to teach me every other day.我请你每隔一天来教我｡2、Beijing is ten times as big as my home town.北京有我的家乡十个那么大｡3、The sun is a huge blazing ball, a million times larger than the earth.太阳是个庞大的炽燃火球,比地球大一百多万倍｡4、That table measures three feet by three.那张桌子三英尺长,三英尺宽｡5、His coat is rated at 20 yuan.他的大衣值价二十元｡6、The job was finished at a sitting (a stretch).这工作一下子(一口气)就做完了｡7、It takes me three clear / cleanly days.它花了我整整三天时间｡8、There are fifty and odd (or and more) students in our class.我们班有五十余人｡9、The total expense amount to a hundred dollars.全部费用合计100 美元｡10、We were fifteen, all told.我们一共十五人｡11、The delegation consisted of 15, inclusive of (including) two interpreters.代表团共十五人,包括两名翻译在内｡12、There were fifty people present, not counting (excluding) the children.出席者达五十人, 儿童未计算在内｡13、We take a rest at intervals of two hours.我们每隔两小时休息一次｡三、否定句型1、It was found difficult for us to understand him.我们发现要了解他是很难的｡2、It was proved wrong to say things like that.已经证明那种讲法是不对的｡3、It is requested that you kindly take immediate action in the matter.对于此事,请速做处理｡4、It hasn’t been made clear when the new road is open to traffic.新路什么时候通车还没有宣布｡5、Has it been decided where we are to hold the conference?会议在哪里开, 决定了吗?6、I was warned not to be late.我被告之不要迟到｡7、I am supposed to know something about science.有人建议我了解一些科学方面的东西｡8、The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.这些书不准携出室外｡9、I got plucked.我未被录取｡10、He got dismissed.他被开除了｡11、You are bound to be received warmly.你定会受到热情接待｡12、I preferred to be assigned something more difficult to do.我宁愿被分配(得到)些更困难的工作做｡13、He was often spoken about.他常被人们谈到｡14、It is considered a shame to cheat in examination.考试舞弊是可耻的｡四、倒装句型1、There must be something wrong.一定有什么东西弄错了｡2、Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.我们渴望的时刻终于到了｡3、Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。
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最常用的托福阅读句型整理
托福阅读句型也有一定的重复性和规律性，能够熟练掌握常用的托福阅读句型，能够让考生在在最短的时间内做出反应，从而更快的找到准确答案。
1. Wearing masks and costumes，they often impersonated other people，animals，or supernatural beings，and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle，the coming rain，the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.
戴着面具身着盛装的人们，经常扮演各种其他人物、动物或超自然生灵，并且作为一个扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临，阳光的重现的结果。
2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
但是这些事实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的问题，就是为什么在一个特殊的靠近他们出生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。
3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century，including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it，the perfection of a metal frame，and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a ship，percussive brilliance.
十九世纪一系列持续的机械进步，包括踏板的传入、金属结构的完善和钢丝最完美的质量，最后产生了一种能容纳无数音调——从最精致的和弦到一个成熟管弦的声音或从一个清澈的歌声到辉煌的敲击乐的效果——的乐器。
4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as
―silent‖，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word，silent.
虽然我们习惯于谈到1972年以前的电影是无声的，但用一句完全感性的话来说，电影从来就不是没有声音的。
5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.
多年以来电影音乐的选择程序完全掌握在导演和音乐督导手中，通常拥有这些权力的主要资格并非是自身的技艺和品味而更多的是因为拥有大量的个人音乐素材库。
6.Rather，they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric，consisting of smooth，compact yarn from long wool fibers，dyed dark blue，green，or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material，either natural or a shade of yellow.
更进一步，他们是由一个顶层是毛纺或光滑的精纺羊毛织物制作，包含光滑，紧凑的纱线来自长羊毛的纤维染成兰黑色、绿色、或褐色底层含有粗糙天然的和暗黄色的毛纺材料。
7.For good measure，during the spring and summer drought，heat，hail，grasshoppers，and other frustrations might await the weary growers.
在春季和夏季，要精确量度干旱、热量、冰雹、蝗虫和其他损失可能是一件疲劳的事情。
8.What we today call America folk art was，indeed，art of，by，and for ordinary，everyday ―folks‖ who，with increasing prosperity and leisure，created a market for art of all kinds，and especially for portraits.
我们今天所谓的美国民间艺术，实际上是普通老百姓的艺术、被普通老百姓创造的艺术和为普通老百姓和日常提到的―民间人士‖的艺术，是一个他们在社会日渐繁荣和休闲情况下创建的一个包含各种各样尤其是肖像画种类的艺术的市场。
9.The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut,and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.
他们没有农业，但是经过几千年，已经发展了探索自身环境的技术和设备。
他们是基于大量出现鲑鱼、大比目鱼和其他多种鱼类的自身流域和水岸捕鱼的经济;基于从落基山水岸聚集了鲍鱼、蚌类、蛤和其他贝壳动物的经济;基于捕猎地域和海洋哺乳动物的经济;以及基于收集野生植物的食物的经济。
以上就是托福考生在托福阅读中会经常遇到的托福句型，大家对这些句型要熟记于心，相信会在考试时给大家很大的帮助，能够最大化的缩短托福考试时间。