主谓一致详细讲解

主谓一致详细讲解
一、语法一致：即在语法形式上取得一致，例如主语为单数形式，谓语也用单数形式，主语用复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

1、当主语是each,another,one……the other……，neither,either,everyone,everybody,no one,someone,somebody,something,nothing,nobody,谓语动词用单数。

例如：No one_____absent。

(be)
______everyone here?(be)
There are two books,one_____(be)small,the other ______(be)big.
Either of the answers_______(be)right.
Each of us______(have)an English book.
We each______(have)an English book.
2、“each/no/every/many a+单数名词+and+each/no/every/many a+单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Many a student and many a teacher_______(have)seen the film.
Many students______(be)here.
Each girl and each boy______(be)praised at the meeting.
No chair and no desk______(be)permitted to be taken out.
3、A/This/That+kind/type of+不可数名词或可数名词复数，谓语动词要用单数。

A/This/That+pair of +名词复数，谓语动词用单数。

one of +名词的复数，谓语动词要用单数。

名词+of +this/that+kind/type做主语时，谓语动词要与名词保持一致。

例如：This kind of apples______(be)highly priced.
Apples of this kind_______(be)highly priced.
This pair of trousers______(be)his.
A pair of shoes______(be) under the bed.
My shoes_____(be)under the bed.
One of them_____(be)damaged.
4、more than one +名词单数，many a+名词单数，the number of+名词复数，做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

a number of 做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

Many a student_____(be)busy with his lessons .
The number of the students in our class_____(be)60.
A number of the students ______(have)seen the film.
More than one person_____(be)injured in the accident yesterday.
5、表示时间，金钱，距离，度量等词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

6、不可数名词，动名词，动词不定式和从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Seeing____(be)believing.
To be here_____(be)a happy thing.
Who will go there_____(be)decided.
7、由and连接的两个名词，指同一事物，同一人，同一概念做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Bread and butter ______(be)their daily food.
The writer and artist_____(be)known to us.
The writer and the artist______(be)known to us.
由and ,both……and……连接的两个并列成分做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：Both bread and butter _____(be)popular with children.
The black and the white cat ____(be)asleep.
The black and white cat______(be)asleep.
Water and air____(be)necessary to people.
8、表示两数相加，两数相乘做主语时，谓语动词既可用单数又可用复数。

例如：Fifteen plus/and five ______(make)twenty.
Five times six _____(be)sixty.
表示两数相减，两数相除做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Fifteen divided by three______(be)five.
Five minus two_____(be)three.
9、both,few,a few,many,several等词及所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：Both of the students______(be)the best.
Few of my friends______(be)here.
A few girls_______(be)going to see a film.
10、以s结尾的表示学科的名词（maths,physics等）做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。

二、逻辑一致性原则
1、当主语是all,most,half,part,the rest等词时，谓语动词取决于它所修饰的名词或所替代的名词的单复数。

例如：The rest of the book____(be)interesting.
The rest of the books_____(be)interesting.
Most of the wood______(be)used to make chairs.
Half of the boys_______(be)going to the library.
2、a lot of ,lots of,plenty of,some of,all of
1)修饰不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

2）修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

none of+可数名词复数，做主语时，谓语动词单复数均可。

none of+不可数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

amount of+不可数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

quantities of 可加可数名词复数或不可数名词，做主语，谓语动词均用复数。

a quantity of +可数名词复数做主语，谓语动词用复数。

a quantity of +不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如：There______(be)lots of people waiting outside.
Lots of water_____(be)going to be wasted
3、family,crew（全体人员），audience,group,government,team,public,class等集体名词作主语，指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。

指成员时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Our class_____(be)on the fourth floor.
Our class_____(be)out.
My family_____(be)not large.
My family_____(be)watching TV together.
4、people,youth,cattle,police做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

5、population表整体时，用单数，表部分时，用复数。

形容人口多少要用large或small
某地区的人口有多少要用has a population of……
询问人口多少要用what’s the population of……
6、如果主语的中心名词后有with,together with,as well as,along with,but,besides,except,in addition to,not,rather than,more than,including,like（像）等，谓语动词用就远原则。

例如：The teacher with two students___(be)at the meeting.
She not I_____(be)going to see a doctor.
The girl as well as the boys______(have)seen the film.
You rather than he______(be)punished yesterday.
No one but they_____(be)my friends.
7、1）分数或百分数的情况
2）one and a half+名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

one or two +名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

a/an +名词单数+or two 做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

例如：Three fourths of the surface on the earth_____(be)sea.
Two thirds of the people (be)______against the plan.
One and a half apples_____(be)a good meal for the beggar.
One or two days______(be)enough for work.
A day or two_______(be)enough for work.
三、意义一致性原则
1、sheep,means,deer,Chinese,Japanese做主语时，谓语动词根据其意义决定。

One sheep _____(be)missing.
Ten sheep______(be)missing.
注意：如果means 前有such a,a,this,that,every,each修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

如果means 前有both,all,these,those 修饰时，谓语动词用复数。

2、the+adj/done/doing，表示一类人，做主语时用复数。

表示事物做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：The old_____(be)taken good care of by the government.
The beautiful______(give)pleasures to all of us.
3、one of +名词复数+that/who +谓语动词的复数形式
the only/very/just/last one of +名词复数+that/who+谓语动词的单数形式。

4、在强调句中，强调主语时，谓语动词与被强调的主语部分一致。

It was he that_____(be)invited to the party.
It was I that_______(be)invited to the party.
5、such做主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据其意义而定。

Such_____(be)what he said.
She wants to have a big bed,many toys,such____(be)her wishes.
四、就近原则
1、there be 句型同样也适用于here
2、由or,either……or……，neither……nor……，not only ……but also……等连接的并列主语，采取就近原则。

主谓一致练习
1．(2009年福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water________.
A．have polluted B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted D．have been polluted
2．(2009年陕西卷)Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________visit Beijing this summer.
A．is going to B．are going to C．was going to D．were going to 3．(2009年四川卷)The teacher together with the students________discussing Reading Skills that________newly published in America.
A．are；were B．is；were C．are；was D．is；was
4．(2009年湖南卷)Either you or one of your students________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A．are B．is C．have D．be
5．(2009年江西卷)At present，one of the arguments in favor of the new airport________that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.
A．is B．are C．will be D．was
6．(2008年陕西卷)—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area________invited.
A．were B．have been C．has been D．was
7．(2007年浙江卷)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where________yet.
A．hasn’t been decided B．haven’t decided
C．isn’t being decided D．aren’t decided
8．(2007年湖南卷)We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks________so small that a day is unimportant.
A．is B．are C．has been D．have been
9．(2007年江西卷)A survey of the opinions of experts________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week________good for one’s health.
A．show；are B．shows；is C．show；is D．shows；are 10．(2007年陕西卷)As a result of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area_____.
A．need repairing B．needs to repair
C．needs repairing D．need to repair
11．(2010届东北三校联考)—Hi，what did our monitor say just now?
—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning.
A．is B．were C．are D．was
12．(2010届锦州模拟)John as well as the other children who________no parents________good care of in the center.
A．have；is being taken B．have；has taken
C．has；is taken D．has；have been taken
13．(2010届东城检测)The number of people，who have access to their own cars，________sharply in the past decade.
A．rose B．is rising C．have risen D．has risen
14．(2010届江西五校联考)Professor Wang，together with his colleagues，________working on the project day and night to ________the deadline. A．are；meet B．is；meet C．are；satisfy D．is；satisfy 15．(2010届泰安模拟)Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help________since the organization was built.
A．has offered B．had been offered C．have been offered D．is offered 16．(2010年郑州一模)Buying clothes________a hard job because the clothes a person likes________not very often fit him or her.
A．are；do B．is；does C．are；does D．is；do
17．(2009年江苏南通质检)On the contrary，I think it is Truman，________you，________ to blame.
A．more than；are B．less than；who are
C．rather than；that is D．rather than；is
18．(2009年合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测)Every student as well as teachers who________to visit the museum______asked to be at the school gate on time. A．is；is B．are；are C．is；are D．are；is
19．(2009年湖南高三十二校联考)An exhibiton of paintings________at the museum next week.
A．are to be held B．are holding C．is holding D．is to be held 20．(2009年苏、锡、常、镇四市高三教学情况调查一)______of the people on the Net________China’s economy is among the strongest in the world.
A．Four fifth；believes B．Four fifth；believe
C．Four fifths；believe D．Four fifths；believes
21．(2009年湖北部分重点中学高三第一次联考)Many a writer of newspaper articles________to writing novels.
A．has turned B．have turned C．being turned D．are going to turn 22．(2009年北京海淀区高三第一学期期中考试)—Each of the students working hard at their lessons________the book.
—So have I.
A．is reading B．has read
C．read D．reads
23．(2009年江苏南通九校联考)—How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers’ Day?
—A gift together with many flowers________sent to me.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
24．(2009年西安地区八校联考)This kind of book________very useful but books of that kind________useless.
A．is；is B．is；are C．are；is D．are；are
25．(2009年北京崇文期末)—Mike，what did our monitor say just now?
—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who________to visit the museum________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning. A．is；is B．are；are C．is；are D．are；is。