高中非限定性定语从句

高中英语教研组
(高一英语)
Module5.2
教师：杨老师时间：2013-4
定语从句知识拓展
一．非限制性定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至
不合逻辑。

I was the only person in our office who was invited.
2. 非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。

形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
As is announced in today's papers, all the schools will reopen on September 1st.
Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.
The spring festival is an important holiday, when family members get together.
She is going to live in Beijing, where she has some close friends.
3. 用which而不用that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词+ 关系代词。

He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
This is the room in which my father lived last year.
4. as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰
整个句子。

通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

As is well known to all, fish can't live without water.
As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
5. as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①从as/ which 在句子中位置来区分
as 和which 都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换，但as引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面；而which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

As is expected, our school team won the football match.
Our team lost the game, as/ which was reported in the newspaper.
Mother was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.
②从as/ which在句子中特定含义来区分
as 在引导非限性定语从句中有时有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。

常用句型有：As we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected 等。

As we all know, paper was first made in China.
The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
As anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake.
③从主从句意义匹配要求来区分
as引导的从句在意义上不能与主句相抵触，而which则不受此限制。

She did the experiment successfully, as had been expected.
She failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
二．定语从句的省略
1. 当定语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句中的部分内容。

I have saved quite a lot of money with which I’d like to buy a new car for myself.
I have quite a lot of money with which to buy a new car for myself.
He was trying to find a room in which he could keep all his goods.
He was trying to find a room in which to keep all his goods.
2. 关系代词的省略
关系代词在从句中作及物动词式介词的宾语时，关系代词常常省略。

The man whom/who/that we saw yesterday is Mr. Brown.
The man we saw yesterday is Mr. Brown
The picture which/that you are looking at was painted by a friend of mine.
The picture you are looking at was painted by a friend of mine.
注：如果定语从句中的介词位于从句的句中或句末，可以省略关系代词；
如果介词在关系代词之前，关系代词绝对不可省。

The girl whom I work with is coming.
The girl I work with is coming.
The girl with whom I work is coming.
3. 关系副词的省略
当先行词是way, reason, place, the day, the time, every time, each time,
the moment, 关系副词可以省略。

By the time (when) he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.
The reason why/ for which he was fired is not difficult to explain.
I’m quite satisfied with the way in which he had done it.
This is the place (where) we met years ago.
Do you still remember the day (when) we first met?
1. ______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which
B. When
C. What
D. As
2. ______ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
3. ______ might be expected, a knowledge of psychology is essential for good advertisement.
A. What
B. That
C. As
D. Which
4. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______ sat a small boy.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. that
5. The letter is from my sister, ______ is working in Beijing.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. who
6.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ______ are women.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
7. I lost a book, ______ I can't remember now.
A. whose title
B. its title
C. the title of it
D. the title of that
8. Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______ Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which
B. for that
C. in which
D. what
9. This machine, ______ for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked
B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after
D. I have looked after
10. He is working hard, ______ will make him pass the final exam.
A. that
B. which
C. for which
D. who
11. I have two grammars, ______ are of great use.
A. all of which
B. either of which
C. both of that
D. both of which
12. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ______ he could see _____ was going on
inside house
A. which; what
B. through which; what
C. through that; what
D. what; that
13. Ted came for the weekend wearing only a short and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid
thing to do in such weather.
A. this
B. that
C. what
D. which
14. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course,
made all the others upset.
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
15. Y ou’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station, ______ you can hire to reach your host
family.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. as
16. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval(间隔，休息时间), ______ the
audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
17. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid
view of the lake
A. which
B. where
C. who
D. that
18. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ______ it will keep for two
or three weeks.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. while
19. The school shop, ______ customers are mainly students, is closed for the
holidays.
A. which
B. whose
C. when
D. where
20. Faye’s fondest memory is of last year, _______ the club gave a tea party for her
birthday.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
(家作)
【短文改错】
Five years ago, I had to do a big decision. At that time, I was working for the small engineering company. However, things were not going very well for the company and it was losing money. One day, the boss told us about that the company was out of business. We were all employed. We went to the pub as usual. We were all very depressed. Of course, we talked about the problem. Then the boss of the pub heard the news. He said, "Why didn't you buy the company?" At first we all laughed but then we started discuss it seriously. We knew the problems and finally we decided to go for it. But we bought the company. The first few years were very difficulty. But we worked hard and we had a bit of lucky. We began to improve three years ago. Since when we have done pretty well.
【2011全国卷】
There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the 21 home from work in the evenings. A man will be 22 the newspaper, and seconds later it __23__as if he is trying to___24__it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger___25__next to him. ___26__place where unplanned short sleep __27__is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so ___28___that the professor has to ask another student to___29__the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the ___30__of the head pushes the arm off the___31__, and the movement carries the__32__of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no___33___of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when __34__. Police reports are full of ___35___that occur when people fall into sleep and go__36___the road. If the drivers are __37__, they are not seriously hurt. One woman's car,___38___,went into the river. She woke up in four feet of __39__and thought it was raining. When people are really __40__，nothing will stop them from falling asleep - no matter where they are.
21. A. way B. track C. path D. road
22. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading
23. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds
24. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish
25. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting
26. A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One
27. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns
28. A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly
29. A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch
30. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength
31. A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book
32. A. action B. position C. rest D. side
33. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose
34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving
35. A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents
36. A. up B. off C. along D. down
37. A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong
38. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example
39. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush
40. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy。