短文改错四大错误类型总结

短文改错四大错误类型总结
老师叮咛：李辉老师说，英语学习的陷阱之一，就是 “ 多做题 ”。

很多人一想到学英语就想到 “ 多做题 ”
，但是做了很久都没提分，原因何在？事实上，每道题目都背后都有其 “ 方法 ” 和 “ 考点 ” 。

下面的短文改错常见错误考点类型 “ 很重要 ”
！经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度
认真地整理 校对，无错、可信！可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵！
一、动词
① 时态错误（过去时 / 现在时）
eg:
1. Some people even had to wait outside.
解析： had 改为 have 。

2. I think I would be happy there .
解析： think 改为 thought 。

② 语态错误（主动 / 被动）
注意：先翻译句子，后观察该词在句中是主动 / 被动。

eg: Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.
每天，他都要确保新鲜蔬菜或高质量的油用于烹饪。

解析： using → used ，根据句意此处表示被动含义， be used for“ 被用来去做 ” 。

③ 主谓不一致
（ 1 ） 前文所提的主语与后文所述的谓语不一致
eg:
1.The teacher were angry because we had the same answers in the tests.
解析： were → was ， The teacher 是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。

2.The rest of the trees was cut down.
解析： was → were ， rest 指的是可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。

（ 2 ） 集体名词，谓语动词用复数。

如： people, cattle, group, family, government, team, police 等。

eg:
The police is coming this way.
解析： is → are ， The police 是集体名词，故 is → are 。

（ 3 ） 就近原则
常见： neither...nor... / not only...but... / either...or... / not...but...
eg:
1.Not only his parents but also he are crazy about the foreign films.
解析：are → is，该处谓语最近的主语为he是第三人称单数，故
动词用第三人称单数形式。

2.Because of too much homework,neither you nor James go to the cinema to enjoy the fantastic movie named Ready Player One.
解析：go → goes，该处谓语最近的主语为James是第三人称单数，故
谓语用第三人称单数形式。

（ 4 ） There be 句型
eg: There has a big library in our school.
解析： has → is ，某地有某物，表存在用 there be 句型，且后面跟的是 a big library 单数。

（ 5 ） 就远原则
常见： except / with / together with / along with / as well as / including
eg: I as well as he is happy.
解析： is → am ，该处谓语最远的主语为 I 是第一人称，故谓语动词用第一人称 am 。

（ 6 ） 缺少谓语动词（尤其缺 be 动词）
eg:
1.Secondly, I always practice pronunciation and reading and speaking.
解析：Practice →
practise，practice的词性是名词,该句中没有与主语I相适应 的谓语动词形式故把
practice → practise（practise的词性是动词）则是 在句中添加了一个谓语动词。

2.She very beautiful.
解析：在 She 后加 is ，补齐主谓宾。

④ 非谓语错用
（ 1 ） 谓语动词与非谓语动词区分不清
eg: There are thousands of examples tell us ： if we want to succeed,we need a correct direction.
解析：tell → telling，there be
句型表示存在，是一个完整的句型结构
，be动 词就是谓语动词，所以句中若出现了其他动词，可以采用非谓语动词形
式，因此动词 tell 不能直接使用原形，而且由于 examples 和 tell 之间是
主谓关系，所以要用 tell 的现在分词形式。

（ 2 ） V-ing 和 V-ed 混用
eg: We were exciting to hear the news.
解析： exciting →excited ， exciting 修饰物，而 excited 修饰人。

（ 3 ） to 的多用、少用或误用
eg:
1.When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.
解析：删除to，由lend sb . sth.（借给某人某物）可知，不用to，但如 果将 sth. 放到前面，则用 to 。

2.This thing belongs me.
解析：在 belongs 后加 to ，表示属于。

3.He was tall,with board shoulders and a beard that turned form black towards gray over the years.
解析： towards → to ， form ...towards...“ 从 ... 走向 ...” ， form...to...“ 从 ... 到 ...” ， 根据句意 towards → to 。

⑤ 虚拟语气误用
eg:Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner
and they would talk about his day and hers.
解析：去掉had，句意：他和我妈妈会喝些东西。

这里不是虚拟语气，不能用 would have done ，用 would do 表示 “ 过去常常做 ” 。

二、名词
① 缺主 / 宾语，补名词 / 代词
eg: I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused.But she refused. 解析：在 caused 后加 her ，缺少宾语。

②that/those （表示跟上文同类事物比较）
eg: My books are more diffi cult than of Jerry’s.
解析：在 than 后加 those ，缺少代词，代指 books 。

③ 反身代词
eg: Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it them.
解析： them → themselves ，主语是他们，宾语也是他们，宾语的他们用
themselves 。

④ 名词前加限定词（冠词，形容词性物主代词，指示代词）
如： a / an / the / my / your / his / her / their / this / that / there / these
eg:
1.An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784.
解析： the → a ，此处指乘坐一个气球横过海洋，第一次提到用 a 。

2.I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused hers.But she refused. 解析： hers → her ，此处为宾语，后无名词，故选用形容词性物主代词。

⑤ 单复数形式
常见不可数名词：advice / information / fun / equipment / news / furniture / ba gg age / lu gg age / traffic / knowledge / homework / progress / work / paper / food / change / water / joy / hair
常见单复数同形名词： sheep / fish / Chinese / cattle / bison / deer / people / clothes
eg: As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams.
解析： chance → chances ， many 后用复数。

三、形容词 / 副词
① 修饰名词或作表语，用形容词。

eg:It was both excited and frightening to be up there ！
解析： excited → exciting ，主语是形式主语 it ，真正的主语是 to be up there ， 主语是物的时候，表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。

② 提示词是形容词，常变副词。

eg:
1.He must be mental disabled.
解析： mental → mentally
2.When I was a very young children,my father created a regular practice
I remember well years late.
解析： late → later
③ 比较级 / 最高级
eg:
1.As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams.
解析： high → higher ，翻译为更高的位置。

2.They were also the best and worse years in my life .
解析： worse → worst ， 并列结构。

四、句子结构题
① 介词 + 名词
eg:The only reason a man would sell salt a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.
解析：在 salt 后加 at 。

②it 作形式主语
It + is +adj. +... （ that从句/ to do ） 这件事儿是什么样子的（什么事儿呢）..... eg:It took years of work reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.
解析：在 work 后加 to 。

③it 作形式宾语
Sb think / find / believe it + adj. + （ that从句/ to do ）
某人认为 / 发现 / 相信这件事是什么样子的，什么事儿呢？ .....
eg:I think good to have a balance of viewpoints.
解析：在 think 后加 it 。

④ 并列结构
eg:We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
解析： take → taking
⑤ 并列逻辑
并列连词有 and / or / so / but / however
eg:But the river wasn’t changed in a few days and even a few months. 解析： and → or
注意： because 和 so/although 或 though 和 but 不能连用。

⑥ 固定搭配
⑦ 三大从句（定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句）
（ 1 ） 定语从句
定语从句关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。

定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语时，用关系代词 that / which / who / who se ;
定语从句成分完整，就用关系副词 when / where / why ，介词后面用 which / whom 。

※ 引导词只能用 that
1. 先行词为不定代词。

some （ something / somebody / someone ）
any （ anything / anybody / anyone ）
no （ nothing / nobody / no one ）
every （ everything / everybody / everyone ）
2. 先行词指物和人时。

3. 先行词前有形容词最高级，序数词修饰时。

4. 先行词被 all/little/few/none/much/no/the only/the very/the last 修饰时。

5. 在以 which/ who 为疑问词的特殊疑问句中。

（ 2 ） 名词性从句
名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句等。

名词性从句的连词分为连接词 that / whether / if ；连接代词 who / who ever / who m / who mever / what / whatever / which 等；连接副词 where / wherever / when / whenever / how / however / why 等，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则用连接代词；不缺少以上
成份 ，句子意思完整就用 that , 不完整就用 whether / if 或其它 连接副词。

（ 3 ） 状语从句
状语从句分类比较多，如：时间状从，地点状从等。

但是状语从句在短文改错中是相对容易的，比较容易能找出连词的错误。

做题时，我们要理解句子意思，判断在此处应该用什么连词。