高级英语1练习答案（unit1）

高级英语1第1单元练习答案
I. Text Comprehension
1. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose.
A.To condemn with the author's own experience racial discrimination in American society as
late as the 1940s.
B.To describe the author's trip with her family to Washington D.
C. as a graduation present.
C.To disclose the fact that the black people were still leading a poor life in the United States. Key: [ A ]
2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.
1.The author took her first trip to Washington D. C. at the beginning of the summer upon her
graduation from the eighth grade. [ T ]
2.The author's sister graduated at the same time from the same school. [ F ]
3.They went at night on a milk train to Washington D. C. because it was cheaper. [ F ]
4.The dining car food in the 1940s always cost too much money and no one could tell whose
hands had been playing all over that food, nor where those same hands had been just before. [ F ]
5.Phyllis's high school senior class trip had been to Washington D. C. before, but she didn't
enjoy herself at all. [ F ]
6.The author's father, moved by the historical surroundings and the heat of early evening,
decided to entertain the family again. [ T ]
7.Insulted by the waitress's words, the author and her family turned around and marched out
of the store, quiet but outraged. [ T ]
8.The author wrote and typed her angry letter and managed to mail it to the president of the
United States. [ F ]
II. Writing Strategies
1. Flashback:
A flashback (闪回) is a technique used by writers. It is often used in movies, television and literature. It involves a character remembering something that happened to him in the past.
Activity: Besides P aragraph 2, you’re expected to find out some other paragraphs that contain this technique.
Tips: Besides Paragraph 2, Paragraphs 6, 8 and 9 contain or involve flashbacks.
Here is a movie clip from The Bourne Ultimatum, in which the technique of flashback is used.
2. Symbolism
Symbolism in art tries to show not what is real but what could stand instead of what exists. It deals with ideas that aren't physical, mostly.
e.g. Moby-Dick: representation of an unknowable God;
Scarlet Letter: The scarlet letter “A” is meant to be a symbol of shame, but instead it
becomes a powerful symbol of identity to Hester.
Activity: Find some examples of symbolism in the text.
Tips: “summer brightness” (Paragraph 8)
“corolla of dazzling whiteness” (Paragraph 9)
“white mottled marble” (Paragraph 15)
The repeated “white” in the last paragraph, and it reveals t he phony democracy of the
United States and the false freedom of colored people, which drove our writer mad and
indignant.
III. Language Work
1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.
1)The first time I went to Washington D.C. was on the edge of the
→ at the beginning of
2)Preparations were in the air around our house before school was even over.
→the whole family were already either actually busy making preparations or enjoying the ambience
3)In fact, my first trip to Washington was a mobile feast.
→ a large enjoyable meal on the train
4)…as if we had never been Black before.
→ as if we had never been mistreated for being black.
5)My parents wouldn't speak of this injustice, not because they had contributed to it.
→had partially caused
6)My fury was not going to be acknowledged by a like fury.
→ was not going to be openly sympathized with by people displaying a similar anger
2. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.
bruise scar
Explanation: bruise indicates an injury of the surface flesh, caused by a blow that does not necessarily break the skin and that results in a marked skin; the word can also suggest the tendency to turn black-and-blue from small impacts. Scar refers to the forming of a mark over a healed wound or suggests the doing of damage that will leave a lasting mark.
1)Be sure to store these tropical fruits carefully as they bruise easily.
2)She continued massaging her right foot, which was bruised and aching.
3)He was scarred for life during a pub fight.
4)This is something that's going to scar him forever.
dampen soak
Explanation:Dampen is to make or become somewhat wet, emphasizing the moist condition that results. In a figurative sense, the word means to depress. Soak means to wet thoroughly, implying immersion. To soak something is to place it in liquid and leave it long enough for the liquid to act upon it.
1)Nothing quite beats the luxury of soaking in a long and hot bath at the end of a tiring day.
2)Dampen the stamp at the back and stick it on the envelope; there you are.
3)I've gotten my feet thoroughly soaked in the cold, feeling frozen through and through.
4)I hate to dampen your spirits, but aren't you overlooking a few minor points?
acknowledge admit
Explanation:Acknowledge is to accept responsibility for something one makes known, and we acknowledge something embarrassing or awkward, and usually not voluntarily; more often, the acknowledgment is extracted from one more or less unwillingly. Admit is a bold acknowledgment of implication in something one has formerly tended to deny or to equivocate about.
1)"There are some faults which men readily admit but others not so readily” (Epictetus).
2)The general finally acknowledged that the war had not been going as well as expected, but
he affirmed that a shift in strategy would enhance the prospects of victory.
3)His cooking reflects a determination to acknowledge his northern roots.
4)He admitted under questioning that he was in the service of a foreign power, but denied
that he was guilty of espionage.
agony anguish
Explanation Agony represents suffering, the endurance of which calls forth every human resource. Its severity is of such extent that the word is often used to denote the struggle and pain that may precede death. Anguish points to the extremity of grief which so terrifies the spirit as to be insupportable.
1)In a Guatemalan prison, the man lingered in agony for 18 minutes when the lethal injection
finally took effect.
2)So you will be saving these villagers a lot of trouble and anguish if you tell us now where
they are.
3)No child deserves to live in the shadow of fear, anguish and pain.
4)The driver screamed in agony and dropped the automatic as he was crushed between the
door and the chassis.
3. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.
ensconce agony vulnerable in private dazzle avow
travesty dainty approve relieve decree flair
1)The local council has decreed that the hospitals that are not able to reach the service
standards should close.
2)When Hamlet murmured "To be, or not to be," he was faced with a(n) agonizing dilemma.
3)The young mother smiled approvingly at her son, who asked to play outdoors.
4)The Prime Minister is now firmly ensconced in Downing Street with a large majority.
5)We need a manager with plenty of flair to run the business in China.
6)It is noticed that quick-minded people suffer no vulnerability to criticism.
7)It was a relief to be outside in the fresh air again after staying weeks-long underground.
8)The government's avowed commitment to reduce tax has been largely appreciated.
4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.
1)present
→John presented me with the challenge, and I took it up.
2)capital
→To open a supermarket demands a large amount of capital.
3)pack
→Well, it’s your turn to shuffle the pack and deal the cards.
4)move
→It would be a wise move to check the market first.
5)counter
→The results of the test ran counter to expectations.
6)drop
→Is there a drop of tea left in the pot?
5. Fill in each blank with a definite, indefinite, or zero article.
(1) The concept of (2) / sleep research is (3) a fairly new development. (4) A lot of experimental work is done to increase our knowledge about (5) / insomnia and other sleep-related problems in order to help (6) / people who are deprived of (7) / sleep. Some of these studies have shown that, although some people have (8) / trouble falling asleep, (9) / others have (10) an equally difficult time waking up. It is believed that there is (11) a natural cycle which regulates (12) / man's body temperature.
During (13) the night (14) a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to arouse him in (15) the morning if his body hasn't become hot enough yet. In addition, (16) a person awakened during (17) a period of (18) / heavy sleep is irritable and cannot think clearly. Finally, some people don't want to get up simply because they don't like (19) the activity that awaits them.
Tips: An online brief introduction ()
How to Use Articles (a/an/the)
The can be used with non-count nouns, or the article can be omitted entirely.
A/an can be used only with count nouns. Some common types of nouns that don't take an article are:
Names of languages and nationalities;
Names of sports;
Names of academic subjects.
6. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context.
I remember the very day that I became colored. Up (1) to my thirteenth year I lived in the little Negro town of Eatonville, Florida. The only (2) white people I knew passed through the town going to or coming (3) from Orlando. The native whites rode dusty horses, and the Northern tourists chugged down the sandy village road in automobiles. The Northerners were peered at cautiously from behind curtains by the (4) timid. The more venturesome would come out on the porch to watch them go past and got just as (5) much pleasure out of the tourists as the tourists got out of the village.
During this period, white people (6) differed from the colored to me only in that they rode through town and never (7) lived there. They liked to hear me “speak pieces”and sing and wanted to see me dance, and (8) gave me generously of their small silver for doing these things, which seemed (9) strange to me for I wanted to do them so much that I needed bribing to (10) stop . Only they didn’t know it. The colored people gave no dimes.
IV. Translation
1. Translating Sentences
1)我自己还没有看过，不过大家都认为是一部好片子。

(suppose)
→I haven’t seen it myself, but it is suppos ed to be a really good movie.
suppose vt. assume, believe, accept as true; pretend that sth. is true; take sth. as a fact
be supposed to do sth: be expected or required to do sth.
e.g. Am I supposed to be at the meeting on Tuesday?
Latin America is supposed to be a pretty inexpensive place to travel in.
This restaurant is supposed to make excellent salads.
e.g. Scientists can only suppose that the illness is caused by a virus.
2)女主人把奶酪切成一口一块的大小，客人们吃起来就方便了。

(bite-size)
→ The hostess cut the cheese into bite-size pieces; therefore, it would be more convenient for the guests to eat it.
bite-size adj.(usa. before noun)
a)small enough to be put whole into your mouth
e.g. Cut the chicken into bite-sized pieces.
b)small enough to be read or dealt with easily
e.g. The guides are produced in bite-sized sections.
3)睡眠不足的话，很少有人能够正常生活。

(deprive)
→ No one can function properly if they are deprived of adequate sleep.
deprive vt. if you deprive someone of something, you take it away from them or prevent them from having it
deprive someone of something
e.g. As a child he had been deprived of love and attention.
The courts cannot deprive me of the right to see my child.
4)他细心地学我的样子，装作什么怪事都没有发生。

(copy)
→ He carefully copied my pretense that nothing unusual had occurred.
copy vt.
a)to make a copy that is the same as the original thing
e.g. They were charged with illegally copying videotapes.
b)to do something in the same way as someone else
e.g. Children learn by copying their parents.
5)他上台后发布的第一项法令就是禁止私人拥有枪支。

(decree)
→ The first decree he issued after he came into office was that private ownership of guns (should) be banned.
fan-cooled adj. cooled by blowing a current of air on with or as if with a fan
e.g. totally enclosed fan-cooled type induction motor(全封闭扇冷式感应电动机)
6)我就是来看他那被说得神乎其神的脚法的。

(fabled)
→I’ve come to see his fabled footwork that people talk so much about.
decree n. an official decision or order made by a leader or government
e.g. Napoleon made a conqueror’s entry into Berlin. Here he issued the Berlin Decree that
barred British goods from Europe.（拿破仑以征服者的姿态进入柏林。

在那里颁布了禁止英国与欧洲大陆通商的柏林敕令。

）
7)我不是一个严格意义上的教师，因为我没有接受过训练，但是我有丰富的教学经验。

(proper)
→I’m not a teacher proper, since I haven’t been trained, but I’ve had a lot of teaching experience.
proper adj.
a)[only before noun] suitable for the purpose or situation
e.g. You have to have the proper tools for the job.
b)[never before noun] understood in its most exact meaning
e.g. Does he live in Swansea proper or in the suburbs?
8)学生通常都会在考试之前猜考试题目。

(anticipate)
→ Students tend to anticipate what questions they will be asked on the examination.
anticipate vt.
a)to think that something will probably happen
e.g. The organizers hadn’t anticipated the huge interest there was in the event.
The building will be completed around six months earlier than anticipated.
b) to guess that something will happen, and be ready to deal with it
e.g. Luckily we had anticipated the question.
2. Translating Passage
Translate the following into Chinese.
It would be fatal for America to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
参考译文:
如果美国对此时此刻的迫切性视而不见，低估黑人的决心，那么这对美国的命运来说将是致命的。

自由平等、令人心旷神怡的秋天遥遥无期，黑人正当愤怒的闷热夏季就不会消失。

1963年并不是终结，而是一个开端。

只要黑人得不到公民权益，美国就不可能有安宁和稳定。

反抗的旋风会继续撼动这个国家的根基，直到光明正义的日子来临。

V. Oral Activities
1. Giving A Talk
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, workin g people are said to have been the owners of the nation. In spite of the great improvement in people’s living standards, polarization of wealth and poverty seems to be getting more and more serious. Therefore, discrimination of some kinds has occurred in China today. If you agree, give examples and explore the causes.
You could probably begin your talk with “I know that we’re, generally speaking, living a happy life. However, for one reason or another, we might have heard of instances of inequality in our society. Now let me give you some examples.”
Tips: Let me give you some examples to illustrate the inequality that I believe exists in our society. A person from a rural area might be looked down upon with a contemptuous glance.
Female students might have the experience of being discriminated against in job-hunting.
Elderly people might fail to get the priority seats on the bus. And patients who are seriously ill might be refused to be hospitalized just because they have insufficient money. Such things may have been caused by factors that are social, psychological, economic, geographical, or whatever.
2. Having A Discussion
Although it has long been claimed that all men are created equal and independent, people, in reality, for one reason or another, suffer from discrimination, racial, gender, age, or whatever. The text The Fourth of July is a vivid illustration of racial discrimination in the United States sometime in the 1950s and 1960s. On the basis of your understanding, please hold a group discussion on the author’s narration about her experiences in terms of racial discrimination.
Tips:Excited as the author had been about her first trip to Washington D.C., the capital of the United States, where all men are proclaimed to be equal, she was very much shocked at the white waitress's refusal to serve them simply because they were black. Besides, her mother would not allow her to go to the dining car on the surface because of the high price for the meal there, but essentially because of black people being denied the right to sit in that part of the train in 1947. And her sister Phyllis had been excluded from her class trip to Washington, also because of her skin color. This essay discloses the racial discrimination against the black people in a country that boasts freedom and equality for all people, white and black.
VI. Writing
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:
HOW TO FIND AN IDEAL JOB
You should: describe the cartoon; give some tips to job seekers.
The following patterns or sentences may be useful when you interpret a picture.
As described/illustrated/portrayed/shown/in the picture, ...
As can be seen from the photo, ...
According to the picture, …
As you can see from the picture,....
In the cartoon, we can see that…
The cartoon is thought-provoking, and it illustrates a common phenomenon in today’s society. Essay development by interpreting pictures
HOW TO FIND AN IDEAL JOB
It can be seen in the cartoon that a young man is writing an application letter for a job. Obviously, so many advertisements around make him nervous and bewildered. Indeed, how to find a good job causes most job seekers a headache. There are many factors to take into account when you apply for a job, but in my opinion, they boil down to three major ones.
First of all, tailoring your career to your personal interest is important if you want to work at something that is fulfilling and inspiring. If you like your job, you will regard the job as your career rather than a means of earning money. As an old saying goes, "When work is a pleasure, life is joy. When work is a duty, life is slavery." For example, if you are a linear thinker who likes to work within concrete and specific principles, working in a creative field like advertising may only serve to frustrate you. Thus, while you may not always be able to support yourself with your true passion, it is important to find a career that will suit your natural inclination and interest.
What's more, salaries must not be neglected. It is a fact of modern life that adults need to earn money in order to eat, keep a roof over their heads and pay bills. You may get a job you like, but if the job cannot enable you to support you and your family, you cannot make both ends meet but have to live from hand to mouth. When you choose a career path, it's important to take an honest look at your earning potential, not just at entry level, but over the long term. In some careers, earning potential is unlimited, while in others, even after many years of experience and
accomplishment, there is a ceiling on earning potential.
Last but not least, the occupation you choose should be what you are or will be good at. Maybe you like a job, maybe it also offers a good salary, but if it is not what you are capable of, you won't be successful. Therefore, before you write your application letter, you need to study the job descriptions carefully. Factors like the growth potential of your prospective job and the skills you will develop in that position are often as important as, if not more important than, interest and salaries.
So to sum up, when you choose a job you should consider all three factors: interest, salary and ability.
Chinese Translation of Unit 1 (Text I)
1. 我第一次去华盛顿是在那年刚入夏，这个夏天也是我从此告别孩提时代的开始。

至少，这是他们在我们八年级毕业时对大家这么说的。

我的姐姐菲利丝同时从高中毕业。

我不清楚她应该告别什么阶段。

不过，作为给我们俩毕业的礼物，全家人于七月四日赴华盛顿旅游，前往我们国家寓言般的、闻名遐迩的首都。

2. 那是我第一次大白天乘火车。

小时候，我们常去康涅狄格海边，我们总是晚上搭乘运送牛奶的火车，因为车票更便宜。

3. 早在放假前，家里就洋溢着准备出发的气氛。

我们打包就花了一个星期。

有两个很大的箱子，是爸爸拿的，还有一个装满食品的盒子。

事实上，我的那第一次前往华盛顿的旅途是个流动的宴席；舒舒服服地在座位上刚坐下来，我就开吃了，一直吃到火车抵达费城附近的地方。

我记得那是费城，是因为没有路过自由大钟而感到失望的缘故。

4. 我妈妈烤了两只鸡，还将它们很漂亮地切成一口一块那么大小。

她带了黑面包片、黄油、青椒和胡萝卜条；还有那边上点缀着叫做“万寿菊”的有点儿黄黄的冰镇蛋糕，是从库什曼面包房买来的。

有在牛顿店里买来的辣面包卷和硬饼，就是在伦诺克斯大街圣马可学校对面的那家西部印第安面包房。

有包裹得好好的灌在色拉酱瓶里的冰茶。

有给我们吃的甜泡菜，有给爸爸吃的小茴香泡菜，还有长着绒毛的桃子，每一只都分开来包，以免碰伤。

此外，为了整洁，还有一沓沓的餐巾，一块放在小铁盒子里浸泡着玫瑰水和甘油的小毛巾，擦黏糊糊的嘴巴用的。

5. 我想要到餐车去吃饭，因为我阅读过这方面的内容。

但是，妈妈已经无数次地提醒过我，在餐车里吃饭要花很多钱，而且还不知道那些吃的东西出自于什么人的手，也不知道那双手刚碰过什么东西。

妈妈从来不提及，1947年开往南方的火车上，黑人是不准进餐车的。

一如既往，凡是妈妈不喜欢的东西和不能改变的事情，她一概不予理睬。

也许因为得不到她的关注，这种事情就会消失。

6. 我后来获悉，菲利丝高三班级的旅游也是去华盛顿，但是那几个嬷嬷悄悄地把她交的预付款退还给她，对她解释说，除了她，全班都是白人学生。

他们要待在一家旅馆里，菲利丝在那儿会“不开心的”，意思是说他们不租房间给黑人，爸爸也是这么悄悄地对她解释的。

“我们还是要带你们去华盛顿的，我们自己去，”爸爸信誓旦旦，“而且远不止住在便宜肮脏的旅馆里待一个晚上。

”
7. 在华盛顿，我们有一间大房间，两张双人床，外加一张给我的儿童床。

那是一家位于后街的旅馆，店主是爸爸的朋友，此人从事房地产业。

第二天做完弥撒之后，我便一整天眯起眼睛抬头仰望林肯纪念堂。

在这里玛丽安·安德森放声高歌，之前美国革命女儿会因为她是
黑人拒绝她在他们的礼堂歌唱。

或许就因为她是“有色的”，就像爸爸给我们讲这个故事的时候那么说的。

要么他很可能说的是“黑人(Negro)”，因为在当时我父亲是相当进步的。

8. 我眯起双眼，因为我默默承受着自己童年时代每年夏天都要承受的痛苦，从六月底学校放假开始到七月底。

这个痛苦是因为在夏日的强光下张大眼睛受到伤害而造成的。

9. 我是通过一层令人痛苦的圆环状的耀眼强光看见七月份的。

我一直痛恨七月四日，甚至在我意识到这种骗人的鬼话之前：这种庆祝是为这个国家的黑人的。

10. 我的父母不认可太阳眼镜，也接受不了太阳镜的价格。

11. 整个下午我眯起双眼抬头张望那些自由、逝去的总统以及民主的纪念碑，心想为什么华盛顿的光线和热量要比在纽约家乡强得多，甚至街上人行道的颜色也比家里的要白一些。

12. 在华盛顿一天下午黄昏的时候，我和家人沿着宾夕法尼亚大道往回走。

我们俨然一个旅行团，妈妈白晳亮丽，爸爸棕色皮肤，我们三个女孩的肤色介于两者之间，由浅至深。

受到周围历史气氛和黄昏热浪的影响，爸爸决定再次请客。

他有很强的历史感，他天生有种并不张扬的戏剧性，而且对场景和旅行有种特殊的感触。

13. “我们停下来吃些东西凉快凉快好吗，琳？”
14. 离我们住的旅馆两个街区之遥，我们一家人停下脚步，在一家布雷耶冰淇淋和汽水店买了一盘冰淇淋。

室内，柜台光线昏暗，电扇下凉风习习，让我被强光照耀的双眼感到轻松多了。

15. 我们的座位用绳子连在一起，个个神清气爽，围着餐巾，五个人并排在柜台前坐下。

我在爸爸和妈妈中间，两个姐姐在妈妈的另一边。

我们一字排开，靠着带有花纹的大理石柜台坐下。

女服务员张口说话，一开始谁也没听懂她在说什么，于是我们五个人就坐在那儿。

16. 女服务员沿着我们向爸爸走去，再次说道，“我刚才说可以让你们外带，但是你们不能在这儿吃，对不起。

”然后，她垂下双眼，一副尴尬的样子。

我们突然听见她说的话了，同时听见的，响亮清晰。

17. 挺起胸膛，义愤填膺，我和家人一个接一个地从柜台前的凳子上站起身来，转身大步跨出店堂，一言不发，但怒火中烧，似乎我们以前从来就不是黑人。

我加重语气地说道，“我们什么也没有做呀!”就是不对，不公平呀!难道我没有写过所有人都该享有自由民主的诗歌吗？除了因愧疚而默默无声，谁也没有对我的问题做出应答。

18. 我的爸爸妈妈对不公正缄默无语，不是因为他们对此有什么责任，而是因为他们觉得本应该早有预料，并应该加以避免的。

这让我更加愤怒。

我的怒火并没人认可，也没人像我一样愤怒。

连我那两个姐姐也随着爸爸妈妈，装作没有发生过什么非同寻常、反美国的事情。

那只好由我自己来给美国总统写封信，表达自己的愤怒。

不过，我给爸爸看了我写在练习簿的信之后，他保证我下周可以在他的办公室打字机上将信打出来。

19 那个女服务员是个白人，那张柜台是白色的，那份我从来没在华盛顿吃的冰淇淋，以及我告别了童年的夏天都是白色的。

还有那年夏天我第一次去华盛顿的白色的热浪、白色的人行道和白色的石柱纪念碑在接下来的旅程中让我恶心。

那可算不上一件毕业礼物啊。