Wine Training 3 - Old World France
世界各地的酒文化英语作文
世界各地的酒文化英语作文Wine Culture around the World。
Wine is more than just an alcoholic beverage. It has been an integral part of human culture for thousands of years. From the vineyards of France to the valleys of Napa, wine has played an important role in shaping the traditions, customs, and social norms of different societies. In this essay, I will explore the wine culture of different regions around the world.France is undoubtedly one of the most prominent wine-producing countries in the world. French wines are highly regarded for their quality, complexity, and elegance. The French have a long history of wine production, and their wine culture is deeply rooted in their way of life. In France, wine is not just a drink, it is a way of life. Wine is enjoyed with meals, at social gatherings, and as asymbol of national pride. The French have a saying, "In water one sees one's own face, but in wine one sees theheart of another." This highlights the importance of wine in French culture, as it is seen as a way to connect with others on a deeper level.Italy is another country that has a rich wine culture. Italian wines are known for their bold flavors and deep colors. Wine is an essential part of Italian cuisine, and it is often enjoyed with meals. In Italy, wine is seen as a way to bring people together, to celebrate life, and to enjoy the simple pleasures of food and drink. Italian wine culture is deeply rooted in the country's history and traditions, and it is a source of national pride.Spain is also a country with a strong wine culture. Spanish wines are known for their rich flavors and aromas. Wine is an integral part of Spanish culture, and it is often enjoyed with tapas, small plates of food that are shared among friends. In Spain, wine is seen as a way to connect with others, to celebrate life, and to enjoy the simple pleasures of food and drink. Spanish wine culture is deeply rooted in the country's history and traditions, and it is a source of national pride.In the United States, wine culture is relatively new compared to Europe. However, the country has quickly become a major player in the global wine industry. The Napa Valley in California is one of the most famous wine regions in the world, and it produces some of the best wines in the United States. Wine culture in the United States is often associated with luxury and sophistication. Wine is often enjoyed at fine dining establishments and social gatherings, and it is seen as a way to show off one's taste and refinement.In conclusion, wine culture is an integral part of human culture around the world. From France to Italy, Spain to the United States, wine has played an important role in shaping the traditions, customs, and social norms ofdifferent societies. Wine is more than just a drink, it isa way to connect with others, to celebrate life, and to enjoy the simple pleasures of food and drink.。
法国的介绍英语作文
法国的介绍英语作文France is a beautiful country located in Western Europe. It is known for its rich history, stunning architecture,and delicious cuisine. The capital city of France is Paris, which is famous for its iconic landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre Museum.The French are known for their love of food and wine. French cuisine is world-renowned, with dishes such as coqau vin, boeuf bourguignon, and escargot. The French also take great pride in their wine production, with regionssuch as Bordeaux and Burgundy producing some of the finest wines in the world.France is also home to many famous artists and writers. The country has a long history of producing great works of art and literature, with famous figures such as Claude Monet, Vincent van Gogh, and Victor Hugo all hailing from France.In addition to its cultural attractions, France also boasts beautiful natural landscapes. From the stunning beaches of the French Riviera to the picturesque countryside of Provence, there is no shortage of natural beauty to explore in France.Overall, France is a diverse and fascinating country with a rich cultural heritage and a lot to offer visitors. Whether you're interested in history, art, food, or nature, France has something for everyone to enjoy.。
职业综合英语1 期末试卷 B卷
试卷B【闭卷】（五部分，100分，120分钟，共10页）Part One Listening Comprehension (20 points)Directions:This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues.There are 10 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is arecorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken onlyonce. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answerfrom the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D given in your test paper. Thenyou should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the center.1. A. Fixing an engine. B. Repairing a car.C. Cashing a check.D. Buying some wheels.2. A. Visit Japan. B. Cook some food.C. Travel abroad.D. Eat outside.3. A. One of a cheaper price. B. One of a different color.C. One of a fashionable style.D. One of a smaller size.4. A. He has changed his plan. B. He has canceled his trip.C. He is arriving this afternoon.D. He forgot to arrange his trip.5. A. They had lost their way. B. They were told it wouldrain.C. They were caught in the rain.D. They had taken an umbrella.6. A. Reading a novel B. Mailing a parcel.C. Writing a book.D. Typing a letter.7. A. She doesn’t travel much.B. She doesn’t have the money.C. She doesn’t like Kunming.D. She doesn’t want to go with the man.8. A. The woman has bought a lot of things for Mary.B. The woman has bought a few things for herself.C. The woman has bought a few things for the man.D. The woman has bought nothing for Mary.9. A. She doesn’t want a reply.B. She will send a reply by mail.C. She prefers the man to reply by phone.D. She doesn’t know the man’s phone number.10. A. Fix his own computer. B. Have a three-day holiday.C. Visit the woman the next day.D. Repair the woman’s computer.Section BDirections:This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. Thereare 4 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are somerecorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times.When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4choices marked A, B, C and D given in your test paper. Then you should mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Conversation 111. A. Going shopping. B. Staying at a hotel.C. Taking a trip.D. Buying a book.12. A. By check. B. In cash.C. By credit card.D. By mail.Conversation 213. A. Buying an apartment. B. Repairing her apartment.C. Renting an apartment.D. Painting her apartment.14. A. One near a park. B. A larger one.C. A cheaper one.D. One with a good view.15. A. The size. B. The furniture.C. The location.D. The rent.Conversation 316. A. Mr. Smith B. Miss White.C. Miss Smith.D. Mr. Brown.17. A. The telephone number. B. Mr. Brown’s address.C. Miss Smith’s message.D. Mr. Brown.Conversation 418. A. By ship. B. By train.C. By plane.D. By bus.19. A. Thirty days. B. Three weeks.C. Twenty days.D. Two weeks.20. A. Happy. B. Frightened.C. Excited.D. Sad.Part Two Vocabulary & Structure (30 points)Directions:Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.21. T he farmer cut up the old tree for his winter _______.A. foodstuffB. fertilizerC. dyeD. fuel22. C an you tell us some interesting _______ of city lifeA. fingersB. featuresC. figuresD. feathers23. _______ going straight to work, he took a bus to town to visit his uncle.A. Instead ofB. Despite ofC. Because ofD. In spite of24. It is _______ of our group leader to take on a hard job.A. identicalB. capableC. beneficialD. typical25. Y ou will see this new product _______ wherever you go.A. advertisedB. noticedC. publishedD. declared26. _______ teaching, Jack has to take up driving as a part-time job.A. IncludedB. FurthermoreC. In addition toD. Moreover27. T he _______ are happy about such professional training provided by their company.A. personnelB. personalityC. personalD. person28. I t is wise _______ Mark ________ his teacher’s advice.A. for, to followB. for, followingC. of, to followD. of, following29. All staff will be very careful and keep our customers’ material strictly _______.A. privateB. confidentC. confidentialD. mysterious30. W e _______ start the meeting until Tom comes.A. wouldB. w ouldn’t C .will D. wo n’t31. M ost of living beings _______ the sun for their growth.A. depend inB. depend onC. rely inD. turn for32. M y aunt likes to go for a picnic in the country, _______ in spring.A. typicallyB. especiallyC. extremelyD. specially33. A rnold searched high and low in order to find a _______ collection of ancient Greek art.A. substituteB. repetitionC. representativeD. replacement34. S ome parents insist that children learn good table _______ at home.A. styleB. methodsC. mannersD. matters35. W e need to find a _______ person to give us some advice on the matter.A. knowledgeB. knowledgeableC. knowledgeablyD. acknowledge36. I f you have difficulties in your work, I’ll ________.A. see you throughB. see you outC. see you overD. see you off37. S ome products may look cool and work well, _______ other products may have annoyingqualities that nearly outweigh their usefulness.A. whichB. whileC. whenD. that38. —Do you realize what his words ________—No, I feel his words are quite strange.A. referB. hideC. implyD. indicate39. Those strange clothes do nothing to _______ her appearance.A. enhanceB. raiseC. refineD. rise40. T he teacher’s advice would be _______ valuable to John who is now at a loss as to what to do first.A. excessivelyB. extensivelyC. exceedinglyD. excellently41. C liff has set himself a(an) _______ of saving $20 a week.A. targetB. aimC. purposeD. destination42. T hey made ______ learn skiing before they went to Switzerland.A. attempt toB. an attemptC. an attempt toD. an attempt in43. T here are no ticket _______ for tomorrow’s performance.A. availableB. usefulC. obtainableD. convenient44. T he ______ of these British stamps took David eight years.A. collectorB. collectiveC. collectionD. combination45. L inda bought a new brand of bicycle, and Rose did ________.A. alikeB. likewiseC. likelyD. similar46. M y friend has made up his mind to move to the Philippines _________ consequences.A. with regard toB. regardingC. regard asD. regardless of47. _________ surprised me most was _________ such a little girl could play the violin so well.A. That; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. What; what48. F irst he ________ painting birds and later in writing about them.A. specialized atB. specialized onC. specialized inD. specialized about49. T hey ________ wheat ____ Russia and import silk from Japan.A. export…toB. export…atC. export…fromD. export…in50. T he key ___________ trade is to remember why it takes place.A. to understandingB. of understandingC. to understandD. in understandingPart Three Reading Comprehension (20 points)Directions:This part is to test your reading ability. There are 3 tasks for you to fulfill.You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you areinstructed.Task 1Directions:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 51 through 55. For each question or statement there are 4choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.(5 points)"But I just paid $ for this bottle of wine last week. How come the price is now $ What's going on"There are at least three things going on that have caused the price of wine to rise. All have to do with the supply and demand factors of economics.The first factor is that people drinking more wine than ever before. This demand for more wine has increased overall (总体) wine sales in America at the rate of 15 percent a year.The second factor is that the supply of wine has stayed relatively the same, which means that the same number of bottles is produced each year. Wine producers are trying to open up new land to grow more grapes (葡萄). But in at least three wine-producing areas of the world—France, Germany, and California—new vineyards (葡萄园) will not be available in the near future. Wines are produced in other countries, such as Italy, Spain and Australia, but none of these countries will be able to fill the demand for good wines.The third factor is that costs of wine productions are increasing. The man who make wine are asking for more money, and the machinery needed to press the grapes is becoming more expensive.When the demand for something is greater man the supply, prices go up. When production costs, meaning the prices of labor and machinery rise, the producer adds this increase to the price of the wine.51. From the first paragraph, we know that the speaker is _____.A. asking about the priceB. worrying about the priceC. bargaining over the priceD. complaining about the price52. The three factors mentioned in the passage cause _____.A. the sales of wine to increaseB. the price of wine to go upC. the production of wine to decreaseD. more and more people to drink winesupply of wine has remained the same partly because _____.A. wine-producing countries are unwilling to increase their productionB. new vineyards will not be opened up in such counties as AustraliaC. countries like Italy and Spain can't supply enough good winesD. the production of wine bottles has ceased to increase54. What does " production costs" refer to in the last paragraphA. The price of grapes and machines.B. The cost of land and transportation.C. The price of wine and wine bottles.D. The cost of the manpower and equipment.55. The author's purpose of writing this passage is to _____.A. persuade people to drink less wineB. tell people where to get the best wineC. explain why the price of wine is risingD. show that wine is popular with AmericansTask 2Directions:This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 56 to 60. (5 points)The majority of students face the same problem when they are at university. How to pay for university expenses, the rent and transportation How to go to the cinema and to the parties without being ruined When we are 20 years old, we want to do a lot of things but every time we discover that our budget is limited and that we must find a solution to have enough money. In certain families, parents are rich enough to give their children some money and to make them have an easier student life. But what about the othersA lot of students find a summer job. They work all summer to have enough money for the rest of the year. In this case, those students can’t enjoy their holidays and they feel tired at the beginning of a new term. Generally, summer jobs are hard and badly paid. Some students choose to have a part time job during the year. This solution can be efficient to have enough money if it is a well-paid job. The problem is that it is difficult to study and work at the same time. Many students can’t manager their time and their energy to successfully combine the two activities. Part time jobs can also badly influence the students’ studies in the university. If one spends the first half of the time in classes and the second half in work, he couldn’t have enough time to play sports or to go outside with friends. There would be always some sacrifices.56. The part “without being ruined” in the first paragraph probably means __________ .A.without paying moneyB.without being beaten up by othersC.without being killedD.without using up all the money57. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT trueA. A lot of students find a summer job.B. Generally, summer jobs are hard and well paid.C. It is difficult for the students to study and work at the same time.D. Part time jobs can also badly influence the students’ studies in his university.58. What is mainly discussed in this passageA.How the university students manager their time and energy to successfully combinetheir study and work.B.The financial problem of most university students and the solution to it.C.Part time is jobs can badly influence the students’ studies in his university.D.Having a part time job can be efficient to have enough money during the year.59. “ Budget” in the first passage probably means ________A.Money to be spent.B.Money to be earned.C.Purse.D.Pocket money.60. According to the author, students _________ .A.should go to make money.B.should not go to make money.C.can manager their time and their energy to successfully combine the two activitiesD.can get money from their parents.Task 3Directions:The following is an article. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it（ through ）with no more than 5 words. You should write youranswers on the Answer Sheet (Page 9) correspondingly. (10 points) In order to meet readers' increasing demand for the latest information in the fast-growing electronics and telecommunications industries, China Daily has formally Launched publication of its IT (Information Technology) Page. Published every Sunday on Page 6 of Business Weekly in broadsheet format, the IT Page will keep you informed of the latest developments in the IT industry.With China Daily's quick, accurate, authoritative (权威的) and detailed reporting, the IT Page will, from a unique view, report and comment on the market trends, technological breakthroughs(突破) and industrial policies of the domestic and international computer, network, and telecommunications industries. Some special features such as interviews with experts, new product reviews, software listings, market research and technical articles will also add to the interest and value of this page.We welcome your submissions (preferably in English) and we hope IT companies will take advantage of our page to advertise their products and services.Special Column in Business WeeklyName of the Column: 61Time of Publishing: 62Contents: market trends, 63 and industrial policies.Purpose of the Column: to meet the readers' interest in the 64 in the IT industry.Advertisements Welcomed: from 65Part Four Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following paragraph from English into Chinese. Write your translation of the paragraph (No. 66) in the corresponding space on the AnswerSheet(Page 9).66. The entrepreneur owns a big company with more than two thousand employees. He likesusing Google to find infromation for his international trade. His secretary often helps him with correspondence, meetings, and so on. He goes to all kinds of breakfast meetings，which rarely last more than one hour. In his eyes, polite dining at the table is very important. The industrial designers in his company are often asked by him to do their best to make products attractive.Part Five Writing (20 points)Directions:Y ou are the Sales manager of Merlin International Co. Your name is Jim Sanders.Your company will hold a New Year Party to thank all the clients’support. Pleasewrite a letter to one of the most important clients, David Lee, from Union Trading.Your letter should include the following information:1)Why is he invited to the party2)The exact time and location of the party.3)Whom can he bring to the partyYou should write about 80 words.Remember to write the letter on the Answer Sheet(Page 10。
WSET3级高级教程
葡萄种群及主要品种世界上分布着约60多个不同的葡萄种，其中最为重要的有欧亚种群( Vitis vinifera )和美洲种群。
世界上几乎所有的葡萄酒全是采用欧亚种的葡萄酿制的，目前全世界有5000-10000 个葡萄品种属于欧亚种。
这些葡萄品种呈现出不同的颜色、香气，果实中所含有的物质种类及含量也略有差异，在不同环境下的抗病能力、产量、成熟度也各不相同。
葡萄酒的特点与用于酿酒的葡萄品种、产地及生产过程中的许多因素密切相关，其中酿酒葡萄品种对葡萄酒的特征和质量起着决定性的作用，对其风格和个性也有很大的影响。
目前全世界主要的红色酿酒葡萄品种有黑皮诺( Pinot Noir )、赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon )、梅洛(Merlot )、西拉(Syrah/Shiraz )、歌海娜(Grenache )、桑娇维塞(Sangiovese )、丹魄(Tempranillo )。
主要的白色酿酒葡萄品种有霞多丽(Chardonnay )、长相思(Sauvignonblanc )、雷司令(Riesling )、灰皮诺(Pinot Gris )、维欧尼(Viognier )、麝香(Muscat )。
河岸葡萄(V. riparia )、沙地葡萄(V. rupestris )、冬葡萄(V. berlandieri )等都属于美洲种群，这类葡萄因其抗病虫害的能力较强，常作为葡萄嫁接的砧木。
葡萄树的结构每一株葡萄树一般都是由新梢、叶、卷须、花朵(果实)、芽、一年生枝条(结果枝)、主干及根构成。
怵瞩朝生苍期1、新梢每一年，葡萄树都会长出新梢。
新梢上面规律的分布着多个节点，每一个节点上都会有一片叶子、一束花或者一根卷须。
芽一般会长在新梢的叶腋间。
2、叶片叶片是葡萄树的营养来源，其主要职责是进行光合作用，通过叶绿体，利用光能将水和二氧化碳合成葡萄糖，并释放出氧气。
这些葡萄糖的作用有三个：葡萄树可以将微小的葡萄糖分子转化成大量的碳水化合物，作为其他组织需要的重要组成物质。
世界著名葡萄酒品牌(World famous wine brands)
世界著名葡萄酒品牌（World famous wine brands）1、Chateau Ste。
米歇尔哥伦比亚山谷美乐葡萄酒哥伦比亚山谷美乐Chateau Ste。
米歇尔是华盛顿州著名的圣米歇尔葡萄酒公司的下属酒庄。
毫无疑问，它也是华盛顿州最大的生产者，年产量超过一百万箱。
Chateau Ste。
米歇尔也是最富冒险精神的酒庄之一，他们和欧洲的葡萄酒豪门如托斯卡纳的皮耶罗？安蒂诺里（Piero Antinori）和德国的厄恩斯？卢森（厄恩斯特松）联手在日渐兴旺的华盛顿红山产区和马天堂山产区成立酒厂这款酒有令人愉悦的烟熏味和丰富的黑樱桃味道，也因此为自己赚足了人气。
2、黑石加利福尼亚美乐葡萄酒加利福尼亚酒庄梅洛黑石酒园从1990年开始酿酒，其葡萄园的地理位置优越，具有丰饶的土质，这里的美乐葡萄酒堪称全加州口感最饱满、最易饮的酒款之一。
最近，酒园已开始酿造各种葡萄酒，包括美味的雷司令葡萄酒等。
但精华部分还是出自天才酿酒师丹尼斯？希尔（Dennis Hill）之手的有淡淡烟熏和李子味道的美乐葡萄酒。
酒园的地下酒窖里还珍藏着很多种市面上很难买到的珍酿，作为加州的知名品牌，你可以在世界主要的机场免税店中发现它的身影。
3、伯格古藤仙芬黛葡萄酒老藤仙粉黛Bogle家族自18世纪中期就在加州的克拉克斯伯格地区（克拉克斯堡）进行农耕，直到1968年才开始种葡萄，10年后，瓦伦？伯格（Warren Bogle）和他的儿子克里斯（克里斯）建立了葡萄园并以家族的名字命名。
现在，家族的生意由克里斯的遗孀巴蒂？伯格（Patty Bogle）经营着，葡萄园的面积已达1200亩，有些用于做果酱。
4、克洛斯杜波依斯索诺玛黑品乐葡萄酒索诺马县黑比诺林场酒园酿出的酒一直是值得信赖的。
几年前，成名于圣米歇尔古堡的酿酒师艾里克？奥尔森（Eric Olsen）来到林场酒园，并逐渐将葡萄酒的品质上升到新高度。
泥灰岩系列葡萄酒从1978年开始就深受大家的喜爱，最后一个年份（2003）也是索诺玛产区为数不多的物美价廉的黑品乐葡萄酒。
[邢威 WSET Diploma] Unit 3 法国以外的欧洲 Spain
![[邢威 WSET Diploma] Unit 3 法国以外的欧洲 Spain](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/31294cd09ec3d5bbfd0a7446.png)
SpainSpain概述历史与概述西班牙有着极长的葡萄酒历史，可以追溯到罗马时期，当时就为罗马提供大量葡萄酒。
19世纪中期，这里的葡萄酒产业受到了法国的酿造技术影响，尤其是橡木桶熟化等。
但西班牙葡萄酒开始发生巨大转变，还要追溯到1986年加入欧盟以后。
现代化的进程遍布葡萄酒行业的每个角落，无论是田间还是酒厂，甚至是法律和理念。
这种变化和改进还在不断继续。
西班牙有着世界上最多的葡萄种植面积，超过100万公顷，产量则排世界第三。
由于大部分产区特别干燥，这里的平均产量仅为30hl/ha，滴灌技术的普及之后才让这里的产量开始有所上升。
从种植量上来说，60%白葡萄，40%红葡萄；产量则几乎相反，约60%为红葡萄酒，40%白葡萄酒，因为大量白葡萄被用于蒸馏。
酒标与法规西班牙对于葡萄酒的法律规定不仅包含产区的概念（无产区概念的标作Vino或Vino de Mesa），还包括对陈年时间的要求。
西班牙的PDO级别分为四种，此外还有PGI级别，不过也处于不断发展和改进阶段。
Denominacion de Origen (DO)，这个级别要求葡萄酒有一定的质量水准，并满足该产区的品种、栽培和地理范围限制。
每一个DO都有一个自己的监管机构Consejo Regulador （即regulating council，包含了葡萄种植者、生产商、酒商等，共同决定其产区规则）。
目前有69个DO产区，而且还在不断增加。
Denomicacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa)，这个级别要求其必须先成为DO产区达十年，方可申请。
升级成为DOCa之后要面临更为严格的标准。
目前只有Rioja和Priorat是DOCa级别，不过Priorat用的是加泰罗尼亚语，所以是DOQ。
Vinos de Pago (VP)是2003年建立的，供高品质的酒庄申请，且往往是一些是使用国际品种因而不属于DO系统的酒庄。
通过认证的酒庄只能使用他们自己的葡萄，且在自己的酒庄内酿造和熟化。
WSET模拟题库
17
Blanco tequila布兰克特基拉的颜色是？a）Clear无色；b）Golden金色；c）Tawny茶色；d）Mahogany红褐色
a
18
Botrytis是？a）一种病毒；b）一种培形方法；c）一种霉；d）一种葡萄品种
c
19
Cote Or科多尔位于？a）Bordeaux波尔多；b）Burgundy勃艮第；c）Loire卢瓦尔；d）Provence普罗旺斯
d
23
Mildew是一种？a）影响葡萄根部的细菌；b）真菌疾病；c）葡萄园害虫；d）阻碍葡萄生长的病毒
b
24
Pomerol AC的主要葡萄品种是: a）赤霞珠（Cabernet Sauvignon）；b）梅洛（Merlot）；c）西拉（Syrah）；d）黑皮诺（Pinot Noir）
b
25
Recioto是？a）一款来自意大利的起泡酒；b）一款来自西班牙的经橡木桶熟化的葡萄酒；c）一款来自意大利的甜型葡萄酒；d）一款来自西班牙的加强型葡萄酒
c
45
波本（Bourbon）独特的风味特征是？a）泥煤；b）烧焦的橡木桶；c）焦糖；d）木炭
b
46
波本是: a）来自苏格兰的威士忌；b）来自法国的白兰地；c）来自美国的威士忌；d）来自加勒比海的朗姆酒
c
47
波尔多被认为是什么气候类型？a）Cool凉爽；b）Moderate温和；c）Hot炎热；d）Tropical热带
b
50
波特通过什么方法加强？a）在发酵过程中加入葡萄蒸馏酒；b）在发酵结束后加入葡萄蒸馏酒；c）加糖以促进二次发酵；d）在特制的大桶中加热
a
51
勃艮第红葡萄酒的典型水果特征是: a）热带水果；b）草莓；c）黑加仑；d）桃子
葡萄酒(红酒)基础知识培训PPT课件
主要红葡萄品种 Major Red Varieties
Wine & Food Match
搭配的两个路线：
抗衡式平衡
平行式平衡
食物
半生肉类 烤白肉 褐色酱肉汁的菜肴 菌类酱汁的菜肴 奶油汁的菜肴 贝类及其他海鲜 以柠檬汁为主的菜肴 红酒 红酒 橡木味重的葡萄酒 适于搭配酒质丰满的葡萄酒 白葡萄酒 最好和干爽的白葡萄酒搭配
建议配酒
酒体饱满、口感强劲的葡萄酒
葡萄酒品鉴基础知识篇一二三四五带您进入葡萄酒王国一个美丽的传说?果糖酵母酒精二氧化碳热量葡萄酒的起源theoriginalofwine为什么选择葡萄酒whywine健康品味时尚灵气两个世界旧世界和新世界oldworldvsnewworld澳洲美国新西兰智利法国意大利德国西班牙国家名称以果香型以及突出单一葡萄品种风味为主风格热情开放以优雅型为主较为注重多种葡萄的混合与平衡口味注重科技与管理比较注重传统工艺酿造工艺公司与葡萄种植的规模都比较大以传统家族经营模式为主相对规模较小规模几百年以下上千年酿酒历史新世界newworld旧世界oldworld三种分类葡萄酒种类majorstylesofwineredred红葡萄酒红葡萄酒whitewhite白葡萄酒白葡萄酒roserose粉红葡萄酒粉红葡萄酒静态葡萄酒发酵过程中去掉二氧化碳汽泡酒发酵时保留二氧化碳加烈葡萄酒发酵过程中添加酒精来终止发酵portportsherrysherry砵酒雪利酒砵酒雪利酒champagnechampagne香槟香槟othersparklingwinesothersparklingwines其他汽酒其他汽酒按糖度分干型
葡萄酒知识培训总结
葡萄酒知识培训学习总结在学院领导的支持和安排下，暑假期间我有幸参加葡萄酒（EWS）认证课程的集中培训学习，现将本次培训情况作一下汇报。
培训时间：8月2日至8月6日培训地点：北京逸香国际葡萄酒教育培训中心培训机构简介逸香国际葡萄酒教育是全球三大知名的提供国际水准葡萄酒培训的葡萄酒证书授权机构之一，是中国领先的葡萄酒教育培训公司，总部位于北京。
其主要培训内容是ISG国际侍酒师WSET国际侍酒师和EWS品酒师的资格认证。
根据我们学院授课需求和自身情况，本次培训我主要进行的是EWS葡萄酒品酒师课程。
培训内容涉及了葡萄酒的基础知识、品酒基本礼仪和餐饮的搭配以及与葡萄酒相关的基础常识等。
课程是由获得逸香EWS高级讲师资格和获得英国WSET推荐讲师资格的柳森教授进行主讲。
培训收获与感悟：在参加培训之前，自己通过查看相关教材并在网上参阅了好多资料，自我感觉对这方面知识有一些了解，可通过葡萄酒专家的讲解才发现自己对葡萄酒知识存在着太多的误解。
通过本次培训，我系统性地学习了葡萄种植、葡萄酿酒技术与葡萄酒储藏管理、葡萄酒营销、品鉴酒水等内容，让自己在短时间对葡萄酒相关知识有了全新的认识，至今仍沉浸在先进葡萄酒理念带来的震撼中。
一、通过培训，加强了对葡萄酒的深刻认识，懂得应该如何正确的选择和品鉴葡萄酒国际上把葡萄酒分为法国、西班牙、意大利等欧洲各国酒庄用传统工艺生产的老世界葡萄酒和智利、美国、中国和澳洲等国用现代工艺生产的新世界葡萄酒。
而要想真正了解葡萄酒，首先要知道各种酿造葡萄酒的葡萄品种：赤霞珠、美乐、品丽珠、长相思、霞多丽等，其次要知道旧新世界葡萄酒的重要产区，例如：法国波尔多、勃艮第还有博若莱的新酒等（好多是法文、英文、德文等词汇表述）及各产区的地理特性。
在讲授过程中老师特别指出：并不是价格昂贵的酒就是好酒，而是适合你自己口味的酒才是真正意义上的优质酒水。
而学习品鉴葡萄酒时葡萄酒文化教育协会教育家传达的VINOTYPE（葡萄酒品味理论）思想更是让我们茅塞顿开受益匪浅。
此课程不对外显示
• WSET第三级系统的葡萄酒品尝方法（SAT卡片）
• 说明书 • 网络资源
考试
半小时的品酒考试
• 盲品两款葡萄酒,一款红葡萄酒和一款白葡萄酒
• 品尝这两款葡萄酒的平均得分必须至少达到55%，方可通过 考试
两小时的理论考试
• 50 道单选题 • 4 道简答题 • 这两张试卷的得分均须至少达到 55%，方可通过考试
NOSEபைடு நூலகம்
Intensity Aroma characteristics Primary Secondary Tertiary Development youthful – developing – fully developed – tired/past its best light – medium(-) – medium – medium(+) – pronounced
WSET第三级 葡萄酒认证
知而后品 识而后尝
Session 1 第1讲
Course Induction and Tasting Technique 课程简介及品尝方法
简介
参加课程之前必须了解掌握的知识 WSET第三级葡萄酒认证课程 自学要求 WSET第三级葡萄酒认证课程的学习资料
• 课本——《葡萄酒品鉴：认知风格与品质》 • 学习指导
系统的品尝方法
味觉的尝
甜度 酸度 单宁 酒精度 酒体 味道浓度 味道特征 一类香味 二类香味 三类香味 余味长度 短——中（-）——中——中（+）——长 干——近乎干——半干——半甜——甜——极甜 低——中（-）——中——中（+）——高 低——中（-）——中——中（+）——高 低——中——高 轻——中（-）——中——中（+）——饱满 淡——中（-）——中——中（+）——浓郁
ASC葡萄酒培训教程一级
China’s leading provider of quality imported wines 精心为您挑选优质进口葡萄酒
ASC Wine Training Program Level 1 ASC 葡萄酒培训 - 1
ASC 圣皮尔精品酒业简介
V Types of wine V 葡萄酒种类
按生产工艺分） 葡萄酒种类 （按生产工艺分）
香槟酒 汽泡酒 加瓦 其他汽泡酒
红葡萄酒
普通葡萄酒 白葡萄酒
玫瑰酒
加强葡萄酒 钵酒,雪利酒
Sparkling Wine Making Process 气泡葡萄酒的酿制过程
• During a second fermentation, yeast converts sugar into alcohol and gas (Co2)在第二次发酵过程中，酵母把糖
南半球 ＋ 美国 )
Old world 旧世界
New World 新世界
• Integrate more the soil and • Good visibility to the consumers climate factors. “Terroir” 客人容易理解 Pros 更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征 • Main factor is the grape variety 主 优点 • Long tradition and history 要根据葡萄品种 悠久历史和传统 • Consistent weather 相应气候 • Difficult visibility to the • Too much standardization consumers Cons 标准太多 • 客人不易理解 缺点 • Not been produced for long ageing • Lots of regulations • 储存时间较短 很多规则
beverage training PPT
Wine by glass
杯装葡萄酒的服务标准
1 确认并重复客人的点单（年份，葡萄品种，酒庄名称 2 取酒 3 展示 4 试酒 5 倒酒（150毫升） 6 一瓶酒可倒4杯
spirits
Whiskey 威士忌 Cognac 干邑 Gin 金酒 Rum 朗姆酒 Vodka 伏特加 Tequila
Aperitif
起泡酒和香槟酒服务标准
1 确认并重复客人的点单（年份，葡萄品种，酒庄名称） 2 准备冰冻香槟杯，服务口布，大冰桶（冰和水各2分之1） 3 取酒（从酒水冷藏柜子） 4 展示酒（酒标冲向客人，再次重复客人所点的酒） 6 开酒 7 试酒（给主人试酒，少量） 8 服务酒（顺时针，女士优先，主人将最后一个被服务倒酒 9 时刻将酒放置冰桶里，商标冲上，冰桶不要离开客人视线
咖啡喝西式茶的服务标准
Coffee selection
Tea selection
Regular coffee Espresso
cappuccino
Latte
English breakfast tea Peppermint tea Earl tea Chamomile
咖啡的服务标准
咖啡 咖啡生长气候温暖，潮湿的地方,两种主要类型的咖啡种植地点是是罗布斯塔 和阿拉比卡. 罗布斯塔,主要来自巴西,印尼,印度,非洲,越南、菲律宾和泰国。它有一个完整的 身体的味道,并将比阿拉比卡咖啡生长的海拔低。阿拉比卡,通常被认为是高 质量的往往是中美洲和南美洲,非洲东部、巴布亚新几内亚。全球供应约32%罗 布斯塔和68%阿拉比卡
Beer
低酒精(通常是按重量最多5%的酒精) 啤酒是由麦芽酿造与酵母混合发酵而成，我们大致分为本地啤酒和进口啤酒
两种，啤酒是在冰箱里冷藏保存的
酒水理论知识培训-WINE
汁酿造而成的葡萄酒。白
葡萄酒一般是淡黄或金黄 色，酒液清澈透明，晶亮 美观。
are immediately pressed and the juice is removed from the skins with little contact.
•
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果实破碎后，果汁与果
皮、果肉一起发酵，酿
制而成的深红色或鲜红 色葡萄酒。
and body of the grapes. The skins are what give red wine its distinctive color; red wine grapes are red, deep purple, and sometimes even blue. Depending on the grape cultivar and how the wine
• 在发酵期间，酵母把糖份转化为酒精和二氧化碳
• Fruit-based alcoholic beverages Eg: Wine • 水果酿制的含酒精饮料 例如: 葡萄酒
• Grain based alcoholic beverages • Eg: Beer, Chinese rice wine, Sake • 谷类酿制的酒精性饮料 • 例如：啤酒，中国黄酒，日本清酒
climate factors. “Terroir”
Pros 优点
更能在酒中结合土壤气候特 征
• Long tradition and history
悠久历史和传统
• Difficult visibility to the consumers
Cons • 客人不易理解 缺点 • Lots of regulations
WSET3级知识点串讲（9）：白葡萄酒和甜葡萄酒的酿造（上）
WSET3级知识点串讲（9）：白葡萄酒和甜葡萄酒的酿造（上）葡萄酒迪先森本名卢迪，一个80后老天津卫。
国际高级葡萄酒品酒师，葡萄酒讲师。
专门从事于葡萄酒经营，为重点客户做选酒、投资以及收藏的葡萄酒经纪人服务。
核心知识点①白葡萄酒的酿造：葡萄品种、葡萄运抵酒庄分拣筛选、去梗、破碎、浸皮、压榨、澄清、酒精发酵、倒罐/ 换桶去除粗酒泥、苹果酸—乳酸发酵1）白葡萄酒酿造方法的重要选择浸皮大多数情况下，葡萄汁和葡萄皮只进行很短时间的接触以减低氧化的风险。
先将葡萄破碎，再分离自流汁并将剩下的葡萄渣送入压榨机。
为了进一步限制葡萄汁和葡萄皮的接触，有些酿酒师会将整串未经破碎的葡萄放入压榨机。
这种方法比较轻柔，可以降低氧化的风险，并且能够让葡萄酒更加纯净细腻。
芳香葡萄品种葡萄汁和葡萄皮短时间的接触，可以增加香味浓度和质感。
浸皮需要在足够低的温度下进行抑制发酵，并且一般只能持续几个小时。
葡萄汁的澄清刚压榨出来的葡萄汁含有果皮和果肉，如果葡萄汁未经过处理就发酵，便会产生令人不悦的味道，甚至发酵会终止。
澄清方法和（上期节目所讲到的）葡萄酒装瓶前采用的方式一样，沉淀/离心分离、下胶和过滤。
有些酿酒师会选择保留葡萄汁中的少量沉淀物，一般认为，这使得最终酒液不易被氧化，并且可以增加复杂性和质感，。
但这种做法又产生异味的风险，所以那些想突出葡萄品种特征的葡萄酒很少存留沉淀物在酒中。
发酵温度与容器白葡萄酒发酵的理想温度是12-22℃之间。
发酵温度过低会产生梨味硬糖的味道，因而不能体现出葡萄品种的果味特征。
在较高的温度下发酵有助于产生较复杂、非水果类的芳香，但风险在于有可能会失去葡萄品种的果味特征。
发酵后及陈年方法的选择混合混合能增强葡萄酒的一致性、提高平衡性并且酿造出某种风格。
许多白葡萄酒都依赖于单纯的一类水果香味，而对于这种风格来说，混合的作用着重在确保一致性而不是增加复杂性。
非芳香型葡萄品种（例如霞多丽），不同批次的葡萄酒采取不同的酒泥接触、苹果酸乳酸发酵和橡木处理，这样处理过后的葡萄酒混合起来，便可以获得一种更为复杂的风格。
后生可畏2019年第12期
后生可畏2019年第12期他们与葡萄酒的爱恋都因一场意外，随后他们都成了为酒疯狂的痴迷者，后来他们都从国外学成归来，他们成了2019中国法国葡萄酒侍酒师大赛北京站的冠、亚、季军，他们都还年轻，他们对未来都有无尽憧憬… … 侍酒师这个行业在国外已经发展多年，随着中国葡萄酒市场的迅速成长，侍酒师也成为国内新兴的热门职业。
一位专业的侍酒师不仅会给顾客带来不同的就餐体验，而且还能让饮酒者领悟到杯中之物的真谛。
于是行业各种侍酒师大赛在中国也应运而生。
日前，由法国食品、农业和渔业部资助，SOPEXA携手香港侍酒师协会共同组织举办了“2019中国最佳法国葡萄酒侍酒师大赛”，备受瞩目。
主赛场之一北京站的比赛结果为原本严肃的大赛现场增加了点灵动的气氛，最终获胜的前三名有着巧合的雷同。
三位的经历雷同、年纪相仿，并且都巧合的姓李，现场有人调侃作为评委之一的李德美老师：这可是中国葡萄酒界的“李家邦”。
李老师则笑而应允，他说：“他们都很有灵气，后生可畏啊！” 李玉把脑子驯化成一部活字典名次：季军级别：法国国家侍酒师 WSET Advanced 星座：狮子座职业：品酒师年龄：29岁旅游专业毕业后，李玉便远赴法国学习旅游管理专业，当时主修法国葡萄酒文化遗产，这便续上了与葡萄酒的缘分。
她说，法国的葡萄酒文化很浓厚，特别是在波尔多这个城市，经常有酒会、品鉴会等各种相关活动，每一天无时无刻不在与葡萄酒发生关系。
身处于这种环境的李玉就很快被感染，开始怀着好奇心去了解它，然后很自然就在了解的过程中爱上了葡萄酒。
拿到旅游管理的文凭以后，就想开始系统的学习葡萄酒，通过了解就去了法国CAFA国际侍酒师学校。
她说进入葡萄酒的世界会经历一个令人兴奋的的开窍期，现在还清晰的记得自己当时去Pauillac产区的一个酒庄品酒时被点化时的欣喜。
当时开的是一款1999年的酒，老师在旁边引导她去体会闻到这款酒是怎样的感觉，而不要想具体的香味是什么。
她闻了一下闭上眼睛体会，感觉到自己在一个森林里，有很多潮湿的木头的味道，这是一种真切的体验。
wset三级简答题
WSET三级简答题
一、葡萄酒基础知识
1.简述葡萄酒的定义和主要成分。
2.葡萄酒按照颜色可以分为哪几类？
3.简述葡萄酒的酿造原料及其作用。
二、葡萄酒生产过程
1.简述葡萄酒酿造的主要步骤及其作用。
2.什么是葡萄的发酵过程？它是如何进行的？
3.描述葡萄酒陈酿的过程和作用。
三、葡萄酒品尝与描述
1.简述葡萄酒品尝的步骤和方法。
2.描述一款红葡萄酒和一款白葡萄酒在口感上的主要差异。
3.列出5种常见的葡萄酒香气类型，并给出相应的例子。
四、世界葡萄酒产区
1.简述法国波尔多产区的地理位置和主要特点。
2.简述意大利托斯卡纳产区的气候和地形对葡萄酒的影响。
3.列出三种新世界葡萄酒产区，并简述其特点。
五、葡萄酒与食物搭配
1.简述葡萄酒与食物搭配的原则。
2.红葡萄酒与牛肉搭配的主要原因是？
3.白葡萄酒与鱼类搭配时，需要注意哪些方面？
六、葡萄酒市场营销与贸易
1.简述葡萄酒市场营销的主要策略。
2.描述葡萄酒贸易的流程和涉及的主要环节。
3.解释什么是酒庄酒，并给出其特点。
七、葡萄酒法规与认证
1.简述欧盟葡萄酒法规的主要内容。
2.解释什么是酒庄自命名酒，并给出其特点。
3.描述WSET认证体系及其作用。
八、酒标解读与分析
1.简述酒标上必须包含的信息。
2.如何通过酒标判断一款葡萄酒的产地？
3.分析酒标上的评分对于消费者选择的影响。
[邢威 WSET Diploma] Unit 3 法国以外的欧洲 Portugal
![[邢威 WSET Diploma] Unit 3 法国以外的欧洲 Portugal](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b79da7c784254b35eefd34af.png)
Northern Portugal
Vinho Verde DOC Vinho Verde 位于葡萄牙西北部，海拔 100-175 米之间，由自然的地理界限围绕而成：
北部为 Minho 河，东部和南部为山区而西部为大西洋。这里酒农众多，但平均葡萄园面积 很小。这样一片区域受到大西洋海上冷风的极大影响，年均降雨量高达 1200mm，而且全 年分布不规则，但主要集中在春冬季节。所以炎热的春夏季节相对干燥（但收获季常有 雨，带来病害），而冬季湿冷。
这里的土壤以花岗岩 granite 为基底，表层以 sand 和 granite 为主，土层很薄。葡萄园 管理上开始向现代化改革，原来使用的是 cruzata / pergolas 整形法（可高达四米），现在多 采用 spur-pruned VSP 系统（double cordon），比较高的结果区能帮助空气循环，以应付潮 湿的环境，提升葡萄质量。同时，葡萄园现在的栽培法也不太依赖劳动力了。
Trincadeira 是一种非常耐旱的品种，需要干燥炎热的环境才能成熟，怕潮湿易腐烂。 它能做出复杂而充满果香和香料风味的深色高丹宁红酒。在 Alentejo DOC，Trincadeira 常与 Aragones 混合酿酒。在 Douro，它被称为 Tinta Amarela，可以用来酿造波特和干红。
一座宝库，这与许多以国际品种为主的酿酒国家相比显得极为难得。总的来说，优秀而有
潜力的白葡萄品种包括 Loureiro & Alvarinho (Vinho Verde), Bical (Bairrada), Encruzado (Dão), Arinto (Bucelas and southern Portugal), Antão Vaz (Alentejo)。最为优秀的红葡萄品种包括 Touriga Nacional (Douro and Dão), Tinta Roriz (Douro & “Aragonês” in Alentejo), Baga (Bairrada), Castelão (“Periquita” in Palmela), Trincadeira (Alentejo)。此外，赤霞珠、西拉、霞多丽等国际 品种也在中南部开始流行。
葡萄酒一级教材英文
葡萄酒一级教材英文Wine, the nectar of the gods, has a long - standing and fascinating history. And when it comes to the first - level textbook on wine, there's a whole world of knowledge to explore.Let's start with the basics. Wine is made from grapes, but not just any grapes. There are specific varieties that are renowned for their wine - making potential. For example, Cabernet Sauvignon. This grape is like the superstar of the wine world. It has a rich, full - bodied flavor that canbe described as a symphony of dark fruits, like blackberries and plums,with a hint of cedar and tobacco. It's often associated with high - quality, age - worthy wines.Then there's Chardonnay. Oh, Chardonnay is such a versatile grape. It can be made into a crisp, unoaked style that tastes like fresh apples and pears, or it can be oaked to create a buttery, creamy wine with flavors of vanilla and toasted almonds. It's like the chameleon of the grape world, changing its personality depending on how it's made.The process of making wine is also super interesting. First, the grapes are harvested. This is a crucial step. If the grapes are picked too early, they might be too tart and lack the necessary sugars. But if they're picked too late, they could be overripe and start to rot. After harvesting, the grapes are crushed. This releases the juice, which is then fermented. Fermentation is like a magical transformation. Yeast eats the sugars in the juice and turns them into alcohol. It's like a little party going on in the barrel or tank.Wine regions are another important aspect. France, for example, is like the mecca of wine. Bordeaux is famous for its red blends, while Burgundy isrenowned for its Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. In Italy, Tuscany has its Chianti, a wine that's as much a part of Italian culture as pizza and pasta. These regions have their own unique climates, soils, and winemakingtraditions that contribute to the distinctiveness of their wines.Tasting wine is an art form in itself. When you first look at a glassof wine, you can observe its color. Is it a deep ruby red, a pale straw, or a golden hue? The color can give you clues about the age and type of wine. Then you swirl the wine in the glass. This releases the aromas. Sniffingthe wine is like taking a journey through a garden of scents. You might smell fruits, flowers, spices, or even earthy notes. And finally, when you take a sip, you let the wine roll around your tongue. You can taste the sweetness, acidity, tannins (in red wines), and the overall flavor profile.Wine also has a social aspect. It's often shared among friends andfamily during special occasions or just a casual get - together. There's something so warm and inviting about sharing a bottle of wine and chatting about life. It can be a great ice - breaker or a way to deepen relationships.In terms of storage, wine needs some special care. It likes to bestored in a cool, dark place, preferably on its side. This keeps the cork moist and prevents air from getting into the bottle too quickly. If youstore your wine properly, it can age gracefully and develop even more complex flavors over time.There are also different levels of sweetness in wine. There are dry wines, which have very little residual sugar, and then there are sweetwines like Port or Sauternes. Sweet wines can be a real treat, especially when paired with the right desserts. For example, a Sauternes pairs beautifully with a creamy cheesecake or a rich foie gras.Wine is not just a drink. It's a passion, a culture, and a journey of discovery. Whether you're a novice just starting to explore the world of wine or an experienced connoisseur, there's always more to learn and enjoy.。
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葡萄酒基础知识培训
Part 2 Old World Wine
By Yang Lu 吕杨
France
• • • •
Home of the fine wines The most important country in wine world Largest producer of wine (depending on the vintage) Extraordinary diversity and stylishness
France - Bordeaux
Pauillac
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Most famous and expensive wine region in the world 3 out of 5 First Growths are here deep, well-drained, gravelly soil powerful, elegant, long-lived black currants, pencil lead, cedar, and a classic “dusty” quality on the palate Château Lafite, Mouton, Latour
St . Estèphe
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Least known, least celebrated 5 Chateaux in 1855 Classification More clay in soil slower to mature, austere, and higher in tannin and acid Château Montrose and Cos d‟Estournel
France - Bordeaux
Sauternes AOC & Barsac AOC
• • • • •
Heavier soil with more clay mixed with gravel Special mesoclimate botrytis / noble rot Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle Sweet + alcohol + weight + concentration Château d‟Yquem
France - Bordeaux
Soil
• •
Left bank: Gravel Right bank: Clay + limestone
France - Bordeaux
Grapes - Red
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Petit Verdot, Carménère Cabernet Sauvignon tannin, power, structure, color Merlot suppleness, softness Cabernet Franc perfume, structure Petit Verdot tannin, color, acidity Malbec color, tannin
France – Burgundy
•
Climate: Continental climate – Short and hot summer – Long and cold winter – many different mesoclimate Soil: different forms of limestone Aspect: East and southeast-facing slope
France - Bordeaux
St Julien
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No First Growth very consistent and high quality overall Power of Pauillac, Charm of Margaux Château Leoville Las Cases Château Beychevelle Château Ducru Beaucaillou … …
France - Bordeaux
Appellation
France - Bordeaux
• •
•
Regional AOC: AC Bordeaux
District AOC: Médoc, Haut-Médoc Commune AOC of Haut-Médoc
France - Bordeaux
• • • •
Vin de Table = Table Wine Vin de Pays (VdP) = Country Wine Vins Délimités de Qualité Supérieure (VDQS) Appellation d„Origine Contrôlée (AOC or AC)
• •
France – Burgundy
• •
Regional AOC: AC Bourgogne District AOC:
– – – – –
Chablis Cote d‟Or Cote Chalonnaise Maconnais Beaujolais
France – Burgundy
• •
Village or Commune AOC
France - Bordeaux
St Emilion AOC
• • • • •
Red wine only Merlot, supported primarily by Cabernet Franc Limestone plateau: Château Cheval Blanc Gravel + sandy slope: Château Ausone Softness in both acid and tannin, rich fruit (plums and black cherries), relatively higher alcohol
• • • • •
France - Bordeaux
Grapes – White
Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle Sauvignon Blanc acidity, freshness Semillon body, texture, alcohol
• •
France
AOC System
France
France – Bordeaux
Location: France’s Southwest coast
France - Bordeaux
Climate: Maritime climate
• •
Long and mild summer Wet and cool winter
France - Bordeaux
Pessac Léognan AOC
• • • • •
Northern Graves More gravel, better drainage, warmer soil high quality Tobacco, earthy, mineral, lighter structure than Medoc Château Haut Brion, Château Pape Clement
France – Burgundy/Bourgogne
• • • •
Holy grail for many wine lovers All about terroir here Small production Difficult to understand
France – Burgundy
Location: East Central France
Single vineyard AOC
France – Burgundy
Chablis
•
• •
•
Location: Northern Burgundy, close to Champagne Climate: Continental climate Soil: Limestone (Kimmeridgean) subsoil Chalk and marl topsoil Aspect: The best with south-facing
France - Bordeaux
Pomerol AOC
• • • • • •
•
Very small, shortest history Home of grange wine No classification system Clay and gravel plateau with iron-rich subsoil Merlot and Cabernet Franc Style: between plump St Emilion and structural and powerful Medoc Château Petrus
France - Bordeaux
Moulis & Listrac
• • •
•
Inland communes Less gravel Coarser quality, with firmer tannin & higher acidity Very good value
France - Bordeaux
France - Bordeaux
Noble Rot (Botrytis)
•
Botrytis (fungus) attack grapes lose water concentrate acidity, sugar and flavors
France - Bordeaux
Classification