计算机组织与结构 Computer Organization and Architecture-PPT精品文档25页

Data Movemen t Apparatus
Control Mechanism
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Data Storage Facility
Data Processing Facility
Structure - Top Level
Peripherals
Computer
Communication lines
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Outline of the Book (2 )
CPU Structure and Function Reduced Instruction Set Computers Superscalar Processors Control Unit Operation Microprogrammed Control Multiprocessors and Vector Processing Digital Logic (Appendix)
Control Unit
Sequencing Logic
Control Unit Registers and Decoders
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Control Memory
Outline of the Book (1)
Computer Evolution and Performance Computer Interconnection Structures Internal Memory External Memory Input/Output Operating Systems Support Computer Arithmetic Instruction Sets
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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture
Part Three —The central processing unit
The CPU consists of a control unit, registers, the arithmetic and logic unit, the instruction execution unit, and the interconnections among these components.
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Data Storage Facility
Data Processing Facility
Operations (1)
Data movement
e.g. keyboard to screen
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Organization attributes: those hardware details transparent to the programmer ( control signals, interfaces, memory technology).
e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?
Arithmetic and Login Unit
Internal CPU Interconnection
Control Unit
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Structure - The Control Unit
CPU
ALU
Internal Bus
Control Unit
Registers
Part Four — The control unit
The control unit is that part of the processor that activates the various components of the processor. This part looks at the functioning of the control unit and its implementation using microprogramming.
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Functional view
Functional view of a computer
OPERATING ENVIROMENT
Source and Destination
of Data
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture
Chapter 1 Introduction
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1.1 Architecture & Organization 1
Computer architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer, or, those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program.
Computer
Central Processing Unit
Main Memory
Systems Interconnection
Input Output
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Structure - The CPU
Computer
I/O System CPU Bus
Memory
CPU
Registers
Part Two — The computer system
A computer system consists of processor, memory, and I/O modules, plus the interconnections among these major components.
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Data Storage Facility
Data Processing Facility
Operations (2)
Storage
e.g. Internet download to disk
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture
Part Five — Parallel organization This final part looks at some of the issues involved in multiple processor and vector processing organizations.
Architectural attributes: instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques.
e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture
The book is organized into five parts:
Part One — Overview
a preview and context for the remainder of the book.
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Internet Resources - Web site for book
shore/~ws/COA5e.html
links to sites of interest links to sites for courses that use the book errata list for book information on other books by W. Stallings
Function: The operation of each individual components as part of the structure.
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Function
A computer’s basic functions :
Data processing Data storage Data movement Control
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Architecture & Organization 2
All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture
The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture
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Data Storage Facility
Data Processing Facility
Operation (3)
Processing from/to storage
e.g. updating bank statement
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
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Data Storage Facility
Data Processing Facility
Operation (4)
Processing from storage to I/O
e.g. printing a bank statement
This gives code compatibility
At least backwards
Organization differs between different versions
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1.2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Structure: The way in which the components are interrelated.
This hierarchical organization is described in this book from the top down: Computer system, Processor, Control unit
The examples of this book are drawn from two computer families: the Intel Pentium II, and the PowerPC.
计算机组织与结构
Computer Organization and Architecture
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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture
Architecture(those attributes visible to the programmer) Organization (the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architecture)
docin/sundaeation is how features are implemented, in other words, computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.