Unit-5-To-Lie-or-Not-to-Lie-–-The-Doctor’s-Dilemma

Unit 5 To Lie or Not to Lie – The Doctor’s Dilemma
一、教学目的
1、了解与课文相关的文化背景知识和议论文的文体风格及写作特点。

2、理解课文的主题思想以及文中出现的复杂、疑难句式。

3、掌握：
1) 课文的篇章结构和特点;
2）构词法：后缀-ary & -ory added to nouns to form adjectives
3）惯用法：also, as well, too;
4）阅读技巧: Basic Reading Skill VII—Distinguishing Fact from Opinion (1); 5）写作技巧：write concluding sentence; a letter of application.
4、熟练掌握：重点词汇、短语和关键句型
1）重点词汇：
advocate, alternative, benefit, conceal, arise, betray, promote, differ, risk, distort, tolerate, render, informed, concerning, suspicion, injure, deceive, debate, issue, consequence, professional, peculiar;
2）重点短语、句型：
短语：at times, in one’s eyes, slip into, contrary to, in the first place, in the course of, in the dark, bring to a close, take leave, in the long run, go to great lengths, refrain from, day after day;
句型：1) contrary to…
2) object clause
二、教学重点
1、掌握：
1）与课文相关的文化背景知识，如“Three Types of Doctors”,“Other
Medical Workers”, “White Lies” etc.
Three Types of Doctors:
General practitioners(全科医生): They may not have special training in any particular medical field, but develops a wide knowledge of all kinds of illness.
Specialists (专家，专科医生) : Some doctors prefer to treat only certain kinds of illness, thus becoming specialists in their chosen field.
Researchers (医学研究人员) : Those doctors often help teach future physicians in medical schools. At the same time, they use the laboratories and hospital facilities of the medical schools to conduct research programs.
Other Medical Workers
Physician内科医生
Surgeon外科医生
Dentist牙医
Intern, Resident, Chief Resident 实习医生，住院医生，住院总医师
Nurse, Head Nurse护士，护士长
Veterinarian (Vet) 兽医
Quack江湖游医
A White Lie
A white lie is a lie that is considered to be justified, or even praiseworthy, if it is in the interests of the person or people to whom it is
told. Quite often, a doctor’s lie is thought to be a case in point.
2）了解议论文的文体风格和写作特点。

2、理解课文的主题思想，掌握课文的篇章结构。

Main idea:
Some doctors sincerely believe that they have good reasons to tell lies for the patient’s own benefit. But the author of this article holds a different view on this issue She gives her reasons why patients, especially those who are dying, should be informed of their true health condition. She also emphasizes that doctors’telling lies injures both the patients and the doctors themselves. And in the long run, it injures the entire medical profession. Thus she urges this issue be openly debated.
Part Division of the Text：
Part 1（Para. 1-5）：Doctors’ reasons for telling lies;
Part 2（Para. 6-9）：The author’s reasons why patients should be told the truth;
Part 3 (Para.10-11): The author urges this issue be openly debated..
3、通过本课程的学习，学生应熟练掌握并运用以下词汇、短语、句型：
词汇部分要注意学生对词汇搭配的掌握。

1）A类词汇（四级高频词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法及其相关的词性转换、词义或用法的补充）
1.benefit【教材】vt. do good to; be good for 有益于，对…有利
e.g. The new policy of the government will benefit the majority of the
people.
The new hospital will benefit the local community.
Sentence pattern:
benefit by/from 从…中获益
A benefits B
B benefits from/ by A
2.recover【教材】vi. 痊愈，复元，恢复健康
e.g. He’s home now recovering from a heart attack.
He has just recovered from a severe illness
【补充】recovery (from) n.
3.conceal【教材】vt. 隐瞒
e.g. She concealed her fear from the young members of the family.
I knew at once that the doctor was concealing something from me.
4. shelter 【教材】n.保护掩护vi. 躲避vt. 保护
e.g. The basic necessities of life are food, clothing and shelter.
In the rain people were sheltering in the doorways of shops.
【补充】Shelter …from 保护….以避免…
e.g. You must not shelter him from the police.你不可隐匿他而不报警
5.promote 【教材】vt. 促进，推进；提升
e.g. The government was criticized for not paying enough attention to environmental protection while promoting economic growth.
He has been promoted twice since joining the army 6 years ago.
【补充】pro- : prefix forward 向前
Note: be promoted to a certain position: 被提升到某个新职位
6.grave 【教材】a. serious 严重的；严肃的
e.g. The doctor has told us that Peter’s condition is very grave and he will
probably die.
The doctor’s face was grave when he told us the news.
【补充】gravity n.
7.confront 【教材】vt. face (勇敢地)面对；对抗
e.g. We are confronting some complicated problems now.
He was well aware that he was confronting serious opposition from his opponents within the party.
【补充】
confront sb. with …
be confronted with
8. distort 【教材】vt. 歪曲
e.g. You’ve distorted what I said.
The newspaper gave a distorted account of what had happened.
9.betray 【教材】vt. 背叛
e.g. The public felt betrayed when the President went back on his
promise not to raise taxes.
Who could have thought that he had betrayed his best friend to the enemy?
10.tolerate 【教材】vt. 容忍
e.g. The ability to tolerate pain varies from person to person.
The workers said they couldn’t tolerate the poor working conditions any longer.
【补充】tolerance n. 容忍，宽容
tolerant a. 能容忍的，宽容的，含有主动的意味
tolerable a. 可容忍的，过得去的，含有被动的意味
bear, stand, endure, tolerate, put up with
1) bear:“忍受”，常带有原来“负担”的含义，强调忍受者的“坚忍”。

(bear the disease / torture)
2) stand: 与bear大致同义，多用于口语中，常以否定形式，在肯定语里具有比bear 更强的正面意味，即“不屈不挠”或“经受得起”。

e.g. I can’t stand (bear) this heat. 我真受不了这个热。

He successfully stood the severe test. 他胜利地经受了那次严峻的考验。

3) endure: 侧重折磨或不愉快的长期性
4) tolerate: 容忍，语气较以上几个词弱，所容忍的现象（人或物）一般不是给主语直接带来强烈苦难
5) put up with:可看作一个普通及物动词，与tolerate 意义较近，有“宽容”、“不计较”、“将就”等含义
11. advocate: vt. n. 拥护倡导（者）
e.g. Do you advocate keeping all children at school till the age of
sixteen?
Prof. Li is a passionate advocate of socialist market economy.
They are strong advocates of women’s rights.
Note: advocate vt. argue for, champion, promote, support
12. arise 【教材】vi. 出现，产生，呈现
e.g. The question then arises as to what we are going to do once we get the equipment.
At a later stage there arose new problems which were even harder to solve.
【补充】arise from: result from 由…产生，由…引起，起源于
13.debate【教材】vt. 辩论
e.g. They debated the question for at least five hours before taking a
vote.
The United Nations Security Council will debate the issue tomorrow.
14. consequence【教材】: something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition.结果：一种行为或情况在逻辑上或自然而然产生的结果
e.g. It has been raining for a whole week. In consequence, we have to cancel our trip.
15. press for …催促迫切要求
e.g. They did press for freedom of speculation, thought, and inquiry
他们确实要求自由研究、自由思想和自由探索。

Moved by compassion, I didn't press for payment.
出于同情心我不逼债了。

2）B类词汇（四级词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法）
1.dilemma n.a situation in which one has to make a choice between
two equally unsatisfactory things; a difficult choice 窘境，进退两难
2.line n.a business, profession, trade, etc. 行业
3.brutal a.cruel, severe
4.minimize vt.reduce to the smallest possible amount or degree
normally
5.gravity n.the quality of being serious critical 严重性
6.suicide n.the act of killing oneself
7.physician n.a doctor of medicine内科医生
8.virtue n. goodness or moral excellence; a good quality 美德；优点
9.utter vt. speak; give out
10.overwhelming a.too many, too great, or too much to be resisted
势不可挡的；压倒之势的
11.invade vt. enter (a country) with armed forces in order to attack;
violate, interfere with 侵犯
12.document vt. prove or support with documents 用文件证明
13.render vt. cause to be
rmed a.having knowledge or information; having and using
suitable knowledge 了解情况的；有见识的
15.concerning prep. about, with regard to
16.increasingly ad. more and more all time
17.suspicion n.doubt; mistrust 怀疑
18.bill n.法案；议案；账单
19.treatment n.a substance or method used in treating someone
medically 治疗；疗法
20.issue n.a question that arises for discussion 问题；争端
21.peculiar a. 特别的，独特的，奇怪的
3) A类短语（四级高频短语，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的意思、用法及其词义或用法的补充、相关短语的比较等）
1. at times【教材】: sometimes; once in a while 间或，偶尔
e.g. We have noodles for lunch at times.
As my father is getting on in years, he gets very sleepy at times.
2. in one’s eyes: 在某人眼里，在某人看来
e.g. Tony is over 30 now, but in the eyes of his parents, he is still a child.
In the eyes of the law, it is theft to take anything that does not belong to you. ( according to … )
3. slip into: fall into, enter (esp. through carelessness) 陷入
e.g. Owing to his nervousness, he has slipped into the bad habit of
biting his nails when listening to others.
4. contrary to: 与…相反
e.g. Everything he has done is contrary to what he said he would do.
Contrary to popular belief, the desert can be a beautiful place.
5. keep / leave in the dark: 把某人蒙在鼓里，不让某人知道，对某事毫不知情
e.g. Peter kept his parents in the dark about his bad examination
results.
He said nothing, leaving me in the dark about his plans.
6. bring sth. to a close: end
e.g. We must bring the work to a close before Christmas.
7. take leave （of）(向…) 告别
e.g. Let’s take leave of the topic and turn to another.
He has taken leave of me.
8. in the long run: 从长远的观点看；最终
e.g. You may make good grades by studying only before
examinations, but you will succeed in the long run only by studying hard every day.
It pays in the long run to buy goods of high quality.
9. go to great lengths: 不遗余力，竭尽全力
e.g. He went to great lengths to prove to his girlfriend that he had
earned his success by hard work.
He’ll go to all / any lengths to get his child back from his ex-wife.
10. refrain from: 忍住；抑制，制止；戒除
e.g. You must refrain from eating too much.
He could hardly refrain from laughing on hearing my joke.
4）B类短语（四级词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法）
1. go on (a trip, vacation)depart for the purpose of.
2. for one's (own) sake：for one's own benefit 为了某人自己的利益.
3. in the first place：firstly
4. in the course of: during
5. day after day:each day
4. 句型：1) contrary to…
2) object clause
5. 构词法：后缀-ary & -ory added to nouns to form adjectives
6. 惯用法：also, as well, too;
7. 阅读技巧: Basic Reading Skill Vii—Distinguishing Fact from Opinion (1);
8. 写作技巧：write concluding sentence; a letter of application.
9、口语训练活动：Work with partners to discuss “the white lie”.
三、教学难点
复杂、疑难句子
1.…the requirements of honesty is often seem dwarfed by greater
needs…(line 3)
2.… to protect public interest (line 5)
3.such lies sharply from self-serving ones…(line 14)
4.“Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept
that transcended the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s sake, and
that is “ as far as possible do no harm”(line 19-21)
5.They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging
than the facts warrant…(line 24)
6.But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to
produce is now coming to be documented.(line 27)
7.the suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who
are scrupulously honest with their patients…(line 50)
8.…it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive
medicine”(line 55)
四、作业
1、教材练习
1）课下要求学生完成：Ex. III. Vocabulary Activities; Ex. VI. Structure;
Ex. VIII. Translation
2）课上重点分析讲解：Ex. III. Vocabulary Activities; Ex. VI. Structure;
Ex. VIII. Translation
2、补充练习
Vocabulary and Structure
1.Should doctors deny that he is ill, or ______the gravity of the illness to
make patients feel good?
A. maximize
B. minimize
C. exaggerate
D. shorten
2.______ the belief of some doctors, even very old and sick people want
to know the details of their illness so that they can prepare for death
in their own way.
A.On the
contrary B.Contrary to C.Contrary for D.On the
contrary
3.Mary ______ her friends by going back on her words.
A.conceived
B.received
C.betrayed
D.convinced
4.Mrs. Queen gave us a ______ picture of what had happened; that’s why
we no longer believe in the sincerity of her utterance.
A.distorting
B.having been
distorted C.having
distorted
D.distorted
5.The two policemen, who rushed to the scene the minute they
received the report, asked many questions ______ the accident.
A.concerning
about B.concerning C.concerning
for
D.concerning
on
6.It is easy to ______ bad habits but very difficult to break from them.
A.slide into
B.slip into
C.slide in
D.slip in
7.I found newspaper job rather boring; it had me doing the same thing
______.
A.day after day
B.one whole
day
C.another day
D.day for day
8.Cigarette smoking is a major factor ______ lung cancer.
A.distributing
to B.contributions
to
C.contributed
to
D.contributing
to
9. I’ve met Bob and I’ve ______ met his girlfriend Ann.
A. also
B. as well
C. either
D. too
10. We are still uncertain as to ______ Henry is the right person for the job.
A. whether
B. weather
C. how
D. why
11. I have an arrangement with my bank, by ______ they let me use their money and repay them next month.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
12. Moved by compassion, I didn't press ______ payment.
A. to
B. into
C. for
D. towards
13. You’ve done much better______ expected.
A. as
B. more than
C. such as
D. than
14. ______ so we had to walk home.
A. There being no buses
B. Being no buses
C. As there were no buses
D. There were no buses
15. Take an umbrella with you ______ it should rain.
A. in no case
B. in the case
C. in case of
D. in case
16. It was not ______he took off his dark glass ______ I realized who he was.
A. when; that
B. until; when
C. when; then
D. until; that
17. ______ hard I tried, I still couldn’t manage it.
A. No matter
B. However
C. Although
D. Though
18. Make a mark ______ you have any questions.
A. which
B. in which
C. what
D. where
19. ______ time went on, the weather got colder and colder.
A. With
B. Since
C. While
D. As
20. Hardly ______ come into the room ______ the meeting began.
A. had they; when
B. they had;
when
C. did they; than
D. they did; then
21. I wrote down his name and address ______ I should forget it.
A. in order that
B. for fear that
C. so that
D. since
22. It ________ that the man who quarreled with her was her father-in-law.
A. turned about
B. turned over
C. turned out
D. turned up
23. “Don’t ________ that tree. It is dangerous.” The woman shouted to her son.
A. risk to climb
B. risk to
climbing C. risk on
climbing
D. risk climbing
24. It is from the earliest times ______ men have studied the world around them with interest.
A. which
B. how
C. where
D. that
25. He escaped from prison but was recaptured.
A. suddenly
B. subsequently
C.
occasionally
D. successively
ANSWER
1-5 BBCDB 6-10 B ADAA 11-15 B C DDD
16-20 DBDDA 21-25 BCDDB
3、写作
1）文体要求：论说文
2）题目要求：A White Lie
3）字数要求：120词以上
4）提纲：
1.诚实被认为是一个人的良好品质，然而，有人认为有些谎言也是可以接受的。

2.善意的谎言的好处。

3.你的看法
范文：
We have all been taught that it is wrong to lie, and yet we all tell little lies every day. These are white lies and, in my opinion, they are perfectly ok. We don't tell white lies to hurt others or gain some advantage. On the contrary, we tell them to make others feel better.
White lies can accomplish many things. First of all, they can hide painful truths and thereby prevent heartache and suffering. At times, white lies are better than the truth. Second, white lies can encourage others. They are a potent psychology that can turn a life around. Third, they can bring happiness. Without white lies, children would not have the fun if believing in Santa Claus. Finally, they are a part of our culture. Everyone tells them because they make communication easier and more
pleasant.
In conclusion, although we all know that honesty is the best policy, sometimes a white lie is more appropriate than the truth. White lies are harmless and useful and they make this world a better place.
Test
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (3*10=30points)
1. I have an arrangement with my bank, by ______ they let me use their money and repay them next month.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
2. ______ the belief of some doctors, even very old and sick people want to know the details of their illness so that they can prepare for death in their own way.
A. On the contrary
B. Contrary to
C. Contrary for
D. On the
contrary
3. It ________ that the man who quarreled with her was her father-in-law.
A. turned about
B. turned over
C. turned out
D. turned up
4.Mrs. Queen gave us a ______ picture of what had happened; that’s why
we no longer believe in the sincerity of her utterance.
A. distorting
B. having been
C. having
D. distorted
distorted distorted
5.The two policemen, who rushed to the scene the minute they
received the report, asked many questions ______ the accident.
A. concerning about
B. concerning
C. concerning
for
D. concerning
on
6.It is easy to ______ bad habits but very difficult to break from them.
A. slide into
B. slip into
C. slide in
D. slip in
7.I found newspaper job rather boring; it had me doing the same thing
______.
A. day after day
B. one whole
day
C. another day
D. day for day
8.Cigarette smoking is a major factor ______ lung cancer.
A. distributing to
B. contributions
to
C. contributed
to
D. contributing
to
9. I’ve met Bob and I’ve ______ met his girlfriend Ann.
A. also
B. as well
C. either
D. too
10. We are still uncertain as to ______ Henry is the right person for the job.
A. whether
B. weather
C. how
D. why
Part II Cloze (3*10=30points)
Sharp conflicts are now __11__. Patients are learning to __12__ for answers. Patients' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about __13__ for treatment. Many doctors go to great
lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may__14__ but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.
There is urgent need to debate this issue __15__. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves __16__ in difficulty where serious __17__ seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional __18__, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply __19__, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, __20__ in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you."
Part III Translation (40 points. 21, 22: 6 points; 23—26: 7 points ) 21. I am convinced that，_____________________________ (与期望相反)，the so-called informed decision will bring very grave consequences.
22. It is true that he once deceived you, but he had admitted that he had done wrong and apologized.____________________________________________________(所以你不应该老是以怀疑的态度来对待他) .
23. He had _____________________________ (表明了自己的立场)on the issue before it was openly debated.
24. In the course of their investigation, ______________________________(他们发现了种种形式的政治腐败) and exposed a number of corrupt officials.
25.Mary’s dilemma was that whether to betray her colleagues by telling her boss the truth or to betray his trust by __________________________________________(让他蒙在鼓里).
26.Now__________________ (首先), what has made you think this program will promote reforms, and __________________(其次), how do you know these reforms will benefit the whole country?
ANSWER
1-5 BBCDB 6-10 BADAA
11-15BCAMO 16-20 INKLH
21. contrary to expectations
22. So you shouldn’t always treat him with suspicion
23. taken a stand
24. they discovered various forms of political corruption
25. keeping him in the dark about it。

26. in the first place; in the second
-可编辑修改-。