职场英语：成为职场专家的8个方法

职场英语：成为职场专家的8个方
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职场英语：成为职场专家的8个方法
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1、Predictor of expertise专业度预测
From The Talent Code：With the same amount of practice, the long-term-commitment group outperformedthe short-term-commitment group by 400 percent. The long-term-commitment group, with a mere twenty minutes of weekly practice, progressed faster than the short-termers who practiced for an hour and a half. When long-term commitment combined with high levels of practice, skills skyrocketed.
节选《一万个小时》：训练同样的时间，长期目标小组的成绩4倍于短期小组。

不仅如此，每周训练20分钟的长期目标小组比每周训练90分钟的短期目标小组的进步还要大。

当长期目标小组配合高强度的训练，其成效如同坐上火箭，锐不可当。

2、 Find a mentor找一个导师
When I spoke to Shane Snow, author of Smartcuts, he said your mentor needs to care about you. Here's Shane: In great mentorship relationships the mentor doesn't just care about the thing that
you're learning, they care about how your life goes. They are with you for the long haul. They are willing to say, "No," and to tell you
what you're doing is wrong. Those kinds of relationships yield outsized results in terms of future salaries and happiness.
我曾和《Smartcuts》的作者肖恩斯诺谈及此事，他的观点是导师不仅是在专业领域能帮助你的人，同时对你的生活也要有所关心。

你们是长期的指导关系，在你做的不当的时候会适时阻止并且指点你。

他会使你在将来的潜在收入和幸福感方面都获益。

3、 Start with what's important先学关键的内容
David Epstein put it simply: "The hallmark of expertise is figuring out what information is important." There are many components to any skill but practicing them all doesn't produce the same results. When I spoke to Tim Ferriss, bestselling author of The 4-Hour Workweek he said: Do an 80-20 analysis and ask yourself, "Which 20 percent of these things I need to learn will get me 80 percent of the results that I want"
评判一个专家的标准就是对于重要信息判断的准确性。

技能的.训练有不同的方法，但达到的效果未必相同。

畅销书《The 4-Hour Workweek》的作者Tim认为：二八原则可以帮助你分析，要学习哪20% 来达到80%的效果?
When Tim was learning chess from champion Josh Waitzkin (whose life was the basis for the film Searching for Bobby Fischer) they did things the opposite from how most chess instruction works. They
didn't start with the beginning of a chess game. They jumped straight
to key moves that are applicable to the majority of interactions on the board. This allowed Tim to hang with top players after only a few days of practice.
他师从Josh Waitzkin(基本是电影“王者之旅”的现实版)学习国际象棋，不同于先打基本功，而是在棋谱上学习足以招架大部分进攻的招式。

短短
几天Tim 就可以和高手对弈了。

4、 "Train like you fight" 把每一次训练都当成实战
When I spoke to Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel Mike Kenny he told me, "Train like you fight." You want your practice to be as similar to the real thing as possible. And research backs Mike up.
Not only will you be better prepared, but you learn much better when the context you practice in matches the context you will eventually perform in. How strong is this effect
Insanely strong.
当我和特种部队上尉Mike Kenny 取经时，他说秘诀是“把每一次训练
都当成实战”。

研究结果支持他的说法，你需要的不仅仅是充分的准备，只有
自己带入真实的情境来训练才能最终取得成绩。

那要多真实?越真实越好。

5、 Use "desirable difficulty"运用“适当增加难度”来复习
Reviewing material is one of the most popular forms of learning. Guess what
It's also one of the least effective. Researchers call this "the fluency illusion." Just because it's easy to remember right now
doesn't mean it will stay that way. "Desirable difficulty" means that the harder you work trying to retrieve something from memory, the better you learn. Don't merely reread stuff. Practice like a medical student and quiz yourself with flashcards. You're not going to learn much passively. Research show re-reading material four times was not nearly as effective as reading it once and writing a summary.
复习是学习的重要一环，那我要说是最没有效率的一环呢?研究学家称它为“熟练的假象”你记得某个知识并不代表着在任何情况下你都能熟练运用。

“适当增加难度”的意义在于，你越难回忆起某个知识，你就会记得越牢。

不
要就简单的复读，可以学习医学院的学生利用闪卡来测试自己。

不要被动的学习，研究表明，一本书你读四遍的效果不如你读一遍然后写一篇读书小结来的好。

You need to struggle. Whether it's memorizing information or practicing a sport or skill, you want your practice to be challenging. When I spoke to Dan Coyle, bestselling author of The Talent Code, he said: We learn when we're in our discomfort zone. When you're struggling, that's when you're getting smarter. The more time you spend there, the faster you learn. It's better to spend a very, very high quality ten minutes, or even 10 seconds, than it is to spend a mediocre hour.
你得受点挫折，不管是在记忆方面或是锻炼某项运动或其他技能。

要尽
量做些有挑战性的任务。

就像《一万个小时天才》的作者Dan Colye所说，在
我们舒适区以外，我们最能学到东西。

就是俗话说的“吃一堑，长一智”，花
越多的时间钻研，你就会学习得越快。

聚精会神的十分钟，哪怕是10秒钟，比一个小时的磨洋工要有效率的多。

6、 The Get fast, negative feedback快速从失败中吸取经验
One of the three key components to "10,000 hours of deliberate practice" is feedback. Without it you don't know if you're improving or what you need to work on next. And don't just listen to me because I read the nerdy research. The most un-nerdy people in the world are on the same page. When I spoke to Navy SEAL platoon commander James Waters, he said feedback is critical.关于“一万小时刻意训练”三个要素的其中之一就是反馈。

如果没有反馈那么你就不知道自己哪里需要提高，下一
步的训练计划要怎么制定。

也不必只听我的一家之言，事实上，那些取得成绩
的人都知道反馈的重要性。

比如海军海豹突击队指挥官James Water 就认同反
馈的重要性。

After every mission, SEALs do a review of what happened to get feedback. Do they all just congratulate each other
No, they spend 90 percent of their time on the negative: what they can do better next time. And there's another vital source of feedback: yourself. Always take some time to reflect on how you're doing.
每次任务结束之后，队员们就会对发生的事情进行意见收集反馈。

难道
他们仅仅是为了庆祝任务完成，当然不是，他们90%的时间都花在对于问题研
究，下一次怎样才能做的更好。

还有一项重要的反馈就是自我评价，每次对于自己的表现进行评价。

7、 Study less. Test more.少学多练
Get your nose out of that book. Avoid the classroom. Whatever it is you want to be the best at, be doing it. Here's Dan Coyle:Our brains evolved to learn by doing things, not by hearing about them. This is one of the reasons that, for a lot of skills, it's much
better to spend about two thirds of your time testing yourself on it rather than absorbing it. There's a rule of two thirds. If you want to, say, memorize a passage, it's better to spend 30 percent of your time reading it, and the other 70 percent of your time testing yourself on that knowledge.
不要死盯着书本，也不要去教室。

做你任何想做且能做好的事情。

Dan Colye (《一万个小时天才理论》作者) 认为，我们大脑通过练习来学习，而不仅仅是靠听，大部分技能，要花三分之二的时间来练习，不仅仅是单纯的学习。

这就是三分之二规律。

比如说，你要记忆一片文章，花30%的时间来读，70%的时间来测试你是否记得里面的内容。

8、 Naps are steroids for your brain小睡更有助于大脑活跃
If you're not getting enough sleep, you're not learning as well as you could be. In fact, research shows there is a correlation between student grades and average amount of sleep.
如果你睡不够，你也会学不好。

事实上有研究表面，学生的学习成绩与平均睡眠时间长短正相关。

Via NurtureShock: Teens who received As averaged about 15 more minutes sleep than the B students, who in turn averaged 15 more minutes than the C's, and so on. Wahlstrom's data was an almost perfect replication of results from an earlier study of over 3,000 Rhode Island high schoolers by Brown's Carskadon. Certainly, these are averages, but the consistency of the two studies stands out. Every 15 minutes busy to get eight hours
I hear you. Naps to the rescue!
NurtureShock 如是说：青少年学习成绩平均得A的学生比平均成绩得B 的学生多睡15分钟，平均成绩B的比平均成绩得C的平均多睡15分钟，以此类推。

Wahlstrom所的出的数据结论与之前由Brown 选取罗得岛高中3000人所得出的结论如出一辙。

15分钟所体现的价值(划分的层次)。

睡不满8个小时，懂你。

那就让小睡来拯救你。

总的来说，在职场中想要成为某一个方面的专家并不是一件快速完成的事情，需要一点一滴的积累和学习，不能急于求成。