_Unit2 单元语法讲义(含答案) 人教版英语九年级

九年级U2语法讲义
☆that、if、whether引导的宾语从句
宾语从句：用一句话来充当宾语，这样的句子叫宾语从句。

宾语从句一般位于动词或介词之后。

☆语序：宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“主＋谓”的语序。

I think (that) he is right. 我认为他是对的。

I don't know whether/if he will come tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否会来。

☆连接词that/whether/if
1.宾语从句中，当从句的成分完整、意思完整时，连接词用that。

一般情况下that可以省略。

that引导的宾语从句中，当主句出现“第一人称＋动词think/believe/guess等”时，从句的否定要转移到主句。

I don’t think (that) he is right.我认为他是不对的。

2. 宾语从句中，当从句的成分完整、意思缺少“是否”之意时，连词用whether/if。

She is not sure whether/if she should quit her job. 她不确定是否该辞职。

whether与if的区别：
1.whether引导的从句常可以与or not直接连用，而if则不能。

正：Let me know whether or not you can come.
误：Let me know if or not you can come.
注：若不是直接与or not用在一起，则有时也可用if。

Let me know if/whether you can come or not.
2.当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导，而不能用if。

正：Whether it is true or not, I don't know.
误：If it is true or not, I don't know.
3.whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则不能。

正：I don't know whether to accept or refuse.
误：I don't know if to accept or refuse.
4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语，但if不能。

正：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
误：I worry about if I hurt her feelings.
☆时态：宾语从句的时态要遵循“主现从任，主过从过，客观真理一直现”的原则，即：
①当主句用现在的时态时，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态；
②当主句用过去的时态时，从句也应该用过去的某种时态；
③当从句陈述的是客观真理或者事实时，无论主句用什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。

Tom told us that he would go hiking tomorrow. Tom告诉我们他明天去远足。

Our geography teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 我们地理老师告诉我们：地球绕着太阳转。

人称：宾语从句要注意人称一致
Sera told us that she had already finished her work. Sera告诉我们她已经完成工作了。

【习题】1.I know ______ his father is a teacher.
A.if
B.how
C.that
D.who
2.翻译句子。

我希望你明天早上来早点。

I hope ______ you ______ ______ earlier tomorrow morning.
答案：that will或can come
3. 翻译句子。

我们老师告诉我们，光比声音传播得快。

(travel)
Our teacher told us ______ light ______ faster than sound.
答案：that travels
4.按要求改写句子。

"Could you please pass me the book on the table?" Jenny asked David. (改为宾语从句)
Jenny asked David ______ he could pass her the book on the table.
答案：whether或if
5.-I'm not sure ______ there are living things on other planets.
-Even scientists aren't sure about it.
A.whether
B.where
C.why
D.that
6.按要求改写句子。

-Has she spent all her money? (根据语境完成句子)
-No, I don't think ______ she ______ spent all her money.
答案：that has
7.按要求改写句子。

（不限一词）
Wendy said, "It took me 1 year to prepare for the TOFEL test." (保持句意基本不变)
Wendy said ______ 1 year preparing for the TOFEL test.
答案：she had spent或that she'd spent或that she had spent或she'd spent
8.按要求改写句子。

"Are you free?" Jim asked. (改为宾语从句)
Jim asked ______ I ______ free.
答案：if或whether was
9.按要求改写句子。

Have you decided which one to choose? The shop assistant asked me. (改为宾语从句)
The shop assistant asked me ______ ______ ______ decided which one to choose.
答案：if或whether I had
☆感叹句通常以what或how开头，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。

中心词是名词时，用what；中心词是形容词、副词时，用how。

what感叹句的基本句型
(1) What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）!
What a good girl (she is) ! （她是）多好的一个女孩呀！
What an important lesson (it is) ! （这是）多么重要的一课呀！
(2) What+adj.+可数名词复数（+主语+谓语）!
What good students (they are) ! （他们是）多好的学生啊！
(3) What+adj.+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）!
What great news (it is) ! （这是）多么好的消息呀！
(4) What+(冠词) +名词!
What a pity! 真是遗憾！
What fun! 多么好玩啊！
how感叹句的基本句型
(1) How+adj.+（主语+谓语）!（此时谓语为系动词）
How hot it is! 天真热！
(2) How+adv.+（主语+谓语）!（此时谓语为行为动词）
How fast he runs! 他跑得真快！
(3) How+主语+谓语!
I am so tired. How I need to rest! 我好累。

我多么需要休息呀！
感叹词how 和what的选择
在实际运用当中，要想快速确定到底是用what还是how，可先分析句子成分，去掉句子的主语和谓语，从后往前看，若第一个词语是形容词或副词时用how；若第一个词语是不可数名词或复数可数名词时选what；若第一个词语是单数可数名词时，看不定冠词的位置，不定冠词放在形容词前选what，不定冠词放在形容词后选how.
注意：what可用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。

但有些不可数名词，如rain, surprise, breakfast, time等，当前面有形容词修饰时，抽象名词具体化，则要用what a/an。

如：
What a big surprise it is! 多么大的一个惊喜啊！
news, information, weather, progress等不可数名词不适用于此规则。

【习题】1.______ buildings they are!
A.How tall
B.How a tall
C.What tall
D.What a tall
2.翻译句子。

今天天气多热啊！（how）
______ ______ ______ ______ today!
答案：How hot it is
3.______ useful message he got from his phone this morning!
A.What
B.How
C.What a
D.What an
4.________ beautiful girls they are! 答案：What
5.________ a beautiful girl she is! 答案：What
6.________ beautiful the girls are! 答案：How
7. ________ tasty smell the cake gave off! 答案：What
8. ________ interesting the story is! 答案：How
9.________ beautiful a girl she is! 答案：How
☆so...that... “如此……以致于……”，引导结果状语从句，其引导四种不同的句子结构如下：
1. so+形容词+that从句
It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game. 外面天气太冷了，我们不得不停止比赛。

2. so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句
She made so good a meal that we all ate far too much. 她做的饭菜那么好吃，结果我们都吃得太多了。

3. so+副词+that从句
He did so well in the examination that everyone praised him. 他考得那么好，人人都称赞他。

4. so+量词(many/much/few/little等)+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over. 我跌了那么多跤，全身跌得青一块，紫一块的。

He had so little education that he was unfit for this job. 他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。

【习题】1.翻译句子。

这个问题太难了，以至于几乎没有学生能够解答。

The problem is ______ difficult ______ ______ students can solve it.
答案：so that few
2.翻译句子。

雨正下得如此大，所以他不得不待在家里。

It is raining ______ ______ ______ he has to stay at home.
答案：so heavily或hard that
3.翻译句子。

冰箱里的黄油剩的太少了，我没办法用它来做吃的了。

______ little butter is left in the fridge ______ I'm not able to cook with it.
答案：so that
4.It is ______ hot in the room______ we have to go out for a walk.
A.very; that
B.so; that
C.too;to
D.enough;to
5.I have ______ many things to do that I am busy all day long.
A.so
B.such
C.as
D.or
Learning Point
☆.put的相关短语
put off 推迟put on穿上，上演put up张贴；举起；搭建；提供住宿
put up with忍受put out扑灭；熄灭put aside放置一边，不顾
We could put off the meeting or cancel it. 我们可以把会议延期，也可以取消它。

Put out the fire first. 先灭火！
【习题】1.It's time we ______ our differences to reach agreement.
A.put off
B.put on
C.put up
D.put aside
2.Benny didn't realize that he was injured(受伤) until the fire was ______.
A.put off
B.put on
C.put up
D.put out
3.根据句子意思填入恰当的介词。

I can eat what I want but I never put ______ weight (体重).
4.根据中文提示填空。

Kitty likes ______ ______(张贴) some posters in her bedroom.
答案：putting up
5.After ______ the telephone, my father hurried to take the next train.
A.putting out
B.putting away
C.putting on
D.putting down
☆.die/death/dead/dying
die v.死，死亡dead adj.死亡的death n.死亡dying adj.垂死的A year later, my dog died. 一年后，我的狗死了。

Her husband's been dead for a year.她的丈夫已经去世一年了。

He wept for the death of his son. 他因为丧子而哭泣。

A dying dog is sleeping in the corner of the street.一只垂死的狗在街角睡觉。

【习题】1.翻译句子。

这部电影以男主角的死告终。

The film ends with ______ ______ ______ the hero.
答案：the death of
2.A fish ______ if there's no water.
A.died
B.is dying
C.won't die
D.dies
3.Fred's grandfather ______ three years ago.
A.died
B.was dead
C.has been dead
D.has died
4.Fred's grandfather ______ since three years ago.
A.died
B.was dead
C.has been dead
D.has died
5.Someone found him ______ on the road, but nobody knew when he ______.
A.dying; die
B.dead; dead
C.dead; death
D.dead; died
☆.lie/lay/lay out
lie-lied-lied-lying 说谎
lie-lay-lain-lying 平躺,位于
lay-laid-laid-laying 放置,下蛋
lay out 布置，安排，设计；摆出，展出，摆放
The boy lied to us yesterday. 男孩昨天向我们说谎了。

Grace laid out the knives and forks at the lunch-table. Grace把刀叉摆放在午餐桌上了。

The hen laid an egg just now. 那只母鸡刚刚下一个蛋。

The dog was lying dead on the floor. 那只狗躺在地上死了。

The town lies in a small wooded valley. 该城镇坐落于一个林木茂盛的山谷中。

【习题】1.首字母填空。

My little brother Tommy is an honest boy. He never l______. lies
2.用所给词的适当形式填空。

At that time, Rose saw her dog ______(lie) on the floor. lying
3.When she came back a few days later, she found that all things still ______ where she had ______ them.
y; laid
id; laid
y; lain
D.lying; lain
4.The girl ______ on the ground ______ to me that she had ______ the purse on the desk.
A.lying; lay; laid
B.lying; lied; laid
C. lie; lied; lay
y; lied; lain
5.The birds ______ eggs from spring to autumn.
A.put
B.make
C.produce
y
☆.warn
v. 警告；告诫，预先告知
Yesterday I made mistakes, then I correct them today and warn myself not to make mistakes again.
昨天我犯了错，今天改正了，并告诫自己不要再犯错。

warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人(不)做某事
warn sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
warn sb. that……告诫某人……
Mrs. Blount warned me not to interfere. Blount夫人警告我不要插手。

They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone. 他们警告他说独自航行危险重重。

When I had my first baby, friends warned me that feeding children was expensive.
当我有了第一个孩子时，朋友们提醒我说养孩子开销不菲。

【习题】1.翻译句子。

我们告诫孩子不要在薄冰上行走，但是他们不听话。

We ______ children ______ ______ ______ on the thin ice, but they didn't listen.
答案：warned not to walk
2.Police warned the people ______ away from the burning building.
A.keep
B.to keep
C.kept
D.keeping
3.完成句子。

我必须提醒你，你做了错误的决定。

I must ______ you ______ your wrong decision.
答案：warn of
4.I shouted ______ him to warn him ______ the danger.
A.at; /
B.at; on
C.to; of
D.to; on
解析:shout at sb.多指因为生气等原因而非善意地对某人吼叫；而shout to sb.多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊(否则对方无法听见)，不带生气等感情因素。