专题8 情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气
考点荟萃：
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。

虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法，以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。

考点解读：
情态动词表推测的用法
—When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They ________ be ready by 12：00.
A．can B．should C．might D．need
二、情态动词的其他用法
1．can, could, may, might
情态动词＋have done
四、虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。

_____________________________________________.
如果我及时做的话，日子就好过多了。

________________________________________.
注意：
(1) 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。

(2) 条件句中如果动词是be，其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were；在第一、三人称单数的口语中，可用was代替were。

但在if I were you中，不能说成if I was you。

(3) 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。

如：
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。

从句主语之前。

如：If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. ＝_________________________
(5) 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。

如：
But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。

(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)
With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。

(介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句)
我希望我是个医生就好了。

___________________________________________.
I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。

(将来)
I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.
我希望他不要把事情搞大了。

(过去)
3．虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用
(1) 在insist；command，order；demand，request，require，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend 等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如：
He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once.
He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.
(2) 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。

如：
我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。

______________________________________.
(3) 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … )that… 结构中，主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。

如：
It's required that every student be on time for school.
要求每个学生准时到校。

(4) 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。

如：
What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?
你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？
(5) 在It's＋necessary，essential，important, strange, natural等形容词＋that从句或It's a pity，a shame 等名词＋that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用should do。

如：
It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。

你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜._____________________________________________________.
4．虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，
表示与过去相反的情况等。

其变化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。

如：
I've loved you as if you were my relative.
我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。

5．虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法
(1) It's high time that-从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should＋动词原形；表示“早该……了”，其中should不可省略。

如：
It's high time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。

(2) would rather＋从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反；用过去完成式，表示与过去的情况相反。

如：
I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。

(3) if only…要是……多好啊。

如：
If only you hadn't offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。

If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了。

(4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。

如：
May you succeed！祝你成功！
Long live the People's Republic of China. 中华人民共和国万岁！
误区点播：
1. 【误】The streets are all dry; it mustn't have rained last night.
【正】
2．【误】I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess.
【正】
3．【误】He must be very friendly at times.
【正】
4．【误】I can't find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday.
【正】
5．【误】The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out.
【正】
6．【误】Will I open the window for you?
【正】
7．【误】The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water.
【正】
8．【误】Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】
9．【误】If only I saw the film yesterday.
【正】
实战演练：
一。

单选题
1．—Everyone in my class passed the exam.
—Oh，really？It ________ difficult.
A．can't have been B．needn't have been C．must be D．mightn't be
be quiet people. A．must B．may C．should D．would
3．—Why didn't you answer the phone last night?
—I ________ when you called.
A．had to have slept B．had to be sleepingC．must have been sleepingD．must have slept 4．When I lived with my roommates in the university, we ________ often talk into the night.
A．might B．must C．should D．would
5．—This is the first time I ________ my first picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A．took; took B．have taken; tookC．took; will take D．will take; have taken
6．—Why hasn't Jack come back yet？________anything have happened to him?
—I'm not sure, but I guess something________.
A．May；must have B．Can；may haveC．Must；may D．Dare；might have
7．It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it________ be rather cold sometimes.
A．must B．can C．should D．would
8．Liza________ well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.
A．will B．can C．must D．may
9．Look at the floor, Tom！________you watch TV while having a meal?
A．Should B．Could C．Would D．Must
10．The soccer team has been doing well this season，so they ________win the championship.
A．should B．might C．would D．must
11．When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board ______ that only half of them would return again.
A．will never think B．can never think C．needn't have thought D．couldn't have thought 12．—What does the sign over there read?
—No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area.
A．will B．shall C．may D．must
13．It's hard to believe that such a greedy man________ donate so much to Project Hope.
A．may B．need C．can D．shall
14．For environmental reasons，we ________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
A．should B．would C．might D．could
15．We ________ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though.
A．could be B．should be C．must have been D．would have been 16．—Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning.
—Really？He ________ the 9：00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train. A．could have taken B．should take C．must have taken D．can take
链接高考：
17.（09海南）. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve
A. should
B. would
C. will
D. shall
18.（09安徽，34）But for their help，we ________ the program in time.
A. can not finish
B. will not finish
C. had not finished
D. could not have finished
19.（09浙江，13）The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
20.（09江苏，28）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.
A. could express
B. would express
C. could have expressed
D. must have expressed
21．（09辽宁，29）The traffic is heavy this day, I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?
A. can
B. must
C. need.
D. might
22．（09全国卷I，25）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve
A. should
B. would
C. will
D. shall
23．（09全国卷II，20）I can’t leave. She told me that I_______ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may
24．（09天津，15）This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
25．（09浙江，13）The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal.
A wouldn't
B couldn't
C needn't
D shouldn't
26．（09上海，27）It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should
27．[2010·四川卷] —________ I take the book out?
—I'm afraid not. A．Will B．May C．Must D．Need
28．[2010·安徽卷] Jack described his father，who ________ a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man. A．would be B．would have been C．must be D．must have been 29．[2010·浙江卷] Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy________. A．would have been saved B．had been savedC．will be saved D．was saved 30．[2010·湖南卷] Y ou ________ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.
A．must B．mustn't C．have to D．don't have to
31．[2010·陕西卷] —May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No，you________. Y ou read it in here.
A．mightn't B．won't C．needn't D．mustn't
32．[2010·江西卷] I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Will
33．[2010·江苏卷] —I haven't got the reference book yet，but I'll have a test on the subject next month. —Don't worry. Y ou ________have it by Friday.
A．could B．shallC．must D．may
34．[2010·江苏卷] George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.
A．focus B．focusedC．would focus D．had focused
35．[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] Just be patient. Y ou ________ expect the world to change so soon.
A．can't B．needn't C．may not D．will not
36．[2010·福建卷] Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A．not allow B．do not allowC．mustn't allow D．couldn't allow
37．[2010·天津卷] Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early. A．needn't B．wouldn't C．mustn't D．couldn't
A．wouldn't B．needn'tC．couldn't D．mustn't
39．[2010·北京卷]
—Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah，good morning. Y ou ________be Mrs. Peters.
A．might B．must C．would D．can
40．[2010·山东卷] I ________ have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
A．shouldn't B．needn't C．couldn't D．mustn't
41.(2011全国卷,32)They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A.will
B.can
C.must
D.should
42.(2011全国卷II,8)If you ______ smoke, please go outside.
A. can
B. should
C. must
D. may
43.（2011北京卷,24）——I don‟t really like Jame s. Why did you invite him?
——Don‟t worry. He ______ come. He said he wasn‟t certain what his plans were.
A. must not
B. need not
C. would not
D. might not
44.（2011北京卷,28）——Where are the children? The dinner‟s going to be completely ruined.
——I wish they ______ always late.
A. weren‟t
B. hadn‟t been
C. wouldn‟t be
D. wouldn‟t have been
45.（2011北京卷,30）Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
46.（2011天津卷,15）I ______ sooner but I didn‟t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
47.（2011上海春招,27）Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustn‟t B. won‟t C. mightn‟t D. shouldn‟t
48.（2011江苏卷,34）——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen
D. must have stolen
49.（2011福建卷,25）——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
——I am afraid you ______, in case he comes late for the meeting .
A.will
B.must
C.may
D.can
50.（2011福建卷,34）——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
——I ______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A.attended
B.had attended
C.would attend
D.would have attended
51.（2011安徽卷, 26）——What do you think of store shopping in the future?
——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____.
A. will never replace
B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced
D. would never be replaced
52.(2011浙江卷,11)——How‟s your new babysitter?
——We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should
B.might
C. mustn…t
D. couldn‟t
53.（2011四川卷,20）The police still haven‟t found the lost child, but they‟re doing all they _____
A.can
B.may
C.must
D.should
—— I wanted to ,but my mom simply ______ not let me out so late at night.
A. could
B. might
C. would
D. should
55.（2011陕西卷,22）I _____ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn‟t have gone
B. didn‟t go
C. wouldn‟t go
D. hadn‟t gone
56.（2011陕西卷,24）——Will you read me a story ,Mummy?
——OK. You ______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. might
B. must
C. could
D. shall
57.（2011湖南卷,28）No one _______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
A. can
B. need
C. must
D. might
58.(2011辽宁卷,21)If you ______ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. will
59.（2011江西卷23）It _______ be the postman at the door. It‟s only six o‟clock.
A. mustn‟t
B.can‟t
C.won‟t
D.needn‟t
60.（2011江西卷28）We _____ John‟s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A.will put
B. will have put
C. would put
D. would have put
二翻译句子
1.要不是有你的帮忙，我不可能及时完成任务。

_____________________________________________________________________________.
2.如果你听从了我的建议，你现在就不会处于尴尬的境地了
______________________________________________________________________________.
3.我们掌握一些语法知识是很有必要的。

_______________________________________________________________________________.
4.他坚持自己是对的并坚持要求被公平对待。

______________________________________________________________________________.
5.依我看，你应该不遗余力地学习了，而不是把时间浪费在一些无意义的事情上。

____________________________________________________________________________________.
6.她苍白的脸暗示着她病了，因此我们都建议她赶紧去看医生。

____________________________________________________________________________________.
7.我宁愿你昨天没去参加那个聚会。

___________________________________________________________________________________.
8.他提议本周末去郊游。

___________________________________________________________________________________.
9.我要是能年轻10岁就好了。

___________________________________________________________________________________.
10.万一明天下雨，我们就不得不把运动会推迟到下周三。

___________________________________________________________________________________.。