Shopping

Shopping
教学⽬标
教学⽬标与要点
1．掌握本单元的词汇和短语。

特别是be worn out，a pair of，try…on， think about等的⽤法。

2．学习过去完成时态的基本概念、构成，掌握它的肯定、否定和疑问形式及其简略答语。

3．掌握且能熟练运⽤有关挑选物品、询问价格、做出决定等购物的交际⽤语，学会安全地在⽹上购物。

4．能完全区别so that和so…that的⽤法。

5．⽐较现在完成时态与过去完成时态的不同：⼀个是表⽰现在的时态，⼀个是表⽰过去的时态。

结构区别仅在助动词的不同。

6．认真学习“ on-line”，领会⾼科技给我们⽣活带来的莫⼤⽅便。

7．结合⾃⼰的实际情况，进⾏写的训练。

要学⽣学会⾃我总结书写⽇记的格式。

本单元词组、句型及交际⽤语
（⼀）本单元词组及短语
be excited about 关于……⽽兴奋
a place of interest 名胜
go over 过⼀遍；仔细检查
make a mistake 犯错误
drop off 放下（某物）；下车
beijing opera 京剧
the great hall of the people ⼈民⼤会堂
the palace museum 故宫
the great wall 长城
a pair of leather tennis shoes ⼀双⽪⾯的⽹球鞋
even though 纵使；即使……也
have a 38 in this color 有38号这种颜⾊的鞋
shopping on-line 在线或⽹上购物
take pictures of this trip 在旅游中照相
click on the screen 点击屏幕
close to 靠近
hear sb. doing sth.. 听见某⼈在做某事
on kunming lake 在昆明湖
the summer palace 颐和园
beihai park 北海公园
the day after tomorrow 后天
again and again ⼀遍⼜⼀遍地
cost so much 如此昂贵
cost so little 如此便宜
so that 以便
drop off our things 放下我们的物品
be in a hurry 匆忙
（⼆）句型
the camera cost so much that …. 这架照相机如此贵，以⾄于……。

she decided to buy a camera online so that …. 她决定在⽹上买⼀架照相机，以便……。

the computer cost so little that …. 这台计算机如此便宜，以⾄于……。

even though …(be) a little expensine, … will take …. 虽然……有点⼉贵，……将买……。

（三）交际⽤语
1．购物 shopping
what size …? 多⼤号码？
have you got any other colour / size / kind? 你们这还有其它别的颜⾊/尺码/款式吗？
have you got anything cheaper? 你们这有更便宜的吗？
how much are they? 它们多少钱？
how much does it cost? 它多少钱？
how much is it? 它多少钱？
that’s a bit expensive. 那个有点⼉昂贵。

even though they’re a little expensive, i’ll take them. 即使它们有点⼉贵，我也将买它们。

i’ll think about …. 我将考虑考虑……。

i don’t think i’ll take …. 我想我不买……。

2．喜好和厌恶
i like …. 我喜欢……。

i don’t really like …. 我真的不喜欢……。

3．提供（帮助等）和应答offers and responses
can i help you, girl? 我能帮助您吗？
would you like me to look in the back? 您能让我看⼀下反⾯吗？
yes, do please. 是的，请吧！
教学建议
教材内容分析
本单元的中⼼话题是“购物”，所有的对话、课⽂及练习都是围绕这⼀话题展开的。

我们要能熟练运⽤有关“挑选物品、询问价格、做出决定”的购物交际⽤语，同时还得学会通过互联⽹进⾏购物的⽅法和技巧。

“ on-line”给我们提供了典型的范例。

本单元着重讲述了过去完成时的基本概念、构成以及它的肯定、否定和疑问句式及其简略答语，区别了so that和so…that…的不同⽤法。

结合⾃⼰的实际情况，参考lesson 56，进⾏英⽂⽇记的写作训练，也可以写⼀篇⾃⼰经历过的shopping活动。

本单元重点例句及相关知识讲解
1. are you excited about going to beijing? 去北京你很激动吗？
2. you’d better try them on first. 你最好先穿上试⼀试。

句中try on的意思是“穿上（戴上）试⼀试”。

如try on 的宾语是名词时，名词可放在try on后⾯，也可放在try 与on之间。

如：
i went to the tailor’s shop to try on my new suit. 我到裁缝店去试新做的西服。

i went to the tailor’s shop to try my new suit on. 我到裁缝店去试新做的西服
注：如try on的宾语是代词，代词⼀般要放在try与on之间。

如：
she was trying on a new hat. (she was trying it on.) 她在试戴⼀顶新帽⼦。

3. even though they’re a little expensive, i’ll take them. 即使鞋有点⼉贵，我也将买它们。

(1)句中even though相当于even if，意思是“纵使；即使……也”。

常引导让步状语从句：
i’ll help you, even if i don’t sleep for a night. 即使我⼀夜不睡觉，也还要帮助你。

even if ,even though还可⽤于虚拟语⽓，意思是“即使”，引导从句。

如：
even if he were here, he could not solve the problem at once, too. 即使他在这⾥，他也不能⽴即解决这个问题。

（事实上他没有在这⾥。

）
even though she had been very busy, she would have helped us. 即使当时她很忙，她还是会帮助我们的。

（事实上她当时并不⼗分忙，故帮助了我们）。

(2) expensive与high, cheap与low
这四个词在谈论到价格的⾼低时，要注意使⽤。

expensive与high涉及到价格“⾼”，⽽cheap 与low涉及到价格“低”。

l)expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。

这个单词若谈到“价格⾼，货贵”时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本⾝。

如：
this watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。

these glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。

注意：cheap表⽰“价廉”，“便宜的”，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本⾝。

如：
the cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌⼦是他卖给我们的。

this cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。

2）high在表⽰价格时，含义是“⾼”，low在表⽰价格时，含义是“低”，这两个词不能⽤于物品本⾝，只能⽤在价格上。

如：the price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太⾼了。

the price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。

下⾯我们试看⼏个句⼦的正误对照：
the price of this computer is expensive.
(上句宜改为：this computer is expensive. 或the price of this computer is high. )
the price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(上句宜改为：this pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 the price of this pen is not low for him. )
4. shopping online（互联）⽹上或在线购物
5. she wanted to take pictures of this trip.
take pictures of this trip在旅游中照相
6. as she lives out in the country, there is no place to buy a very good camera.
因为她远在乡下居住，那⼉没有能买到很好相机的地⽅。

*句中as 是连词，作“由于，因为”解，引导原因状语从句。

because，since，as，for都是说明原因的接续词，because语⽓最强，表⽰理由充分，有必然的因果关系，其次是since，表⽰⼀种间接或附带的原因，再其次是as、for，只是说明⼀下，关系
是松弛的。

如：
everybody likes tom, as he is kind and honest. yesterday, we stayed at home because it rained. someone invited him to dinner. he replied, “as i am ill, i won’t go out”. after he had hung up, he smiled, “i can’t see anything for the fog in fact”. i said,“since you insist, i have to cook for you ”.
*句中to buy a very good camera是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰no place。

7. she decided to buy a digital camera online so that it could be sent to her.
她决定在⽹上订购⼀个数码相机，那样便可以邮寄给她。

句中so that意思是“以便，为了 ”，常常引导结果状语从句。

“so (such) …that”引导结果状语从句，作“这么……，以⾄”或“所以”解，so接形容词、副词或分词，⽽such则接名词。

如：
wan jun does exercises everyday so that she could run fast.
万军每天做练习，以便能跑得快。

wan jun was such a fast runner that he could almost catch up with a deer. =wan jun ran so fast that he could almost catch up with a deer.
万军跑得这么的快，以⾄于他的速度⼏乎能赶上⿅。

8. she had searched the internet for two hours…
had searched 是过去完成时。

过去完成时的构成：过去完成时由“助动词had（通⽤于各种⼈称和数）+过去分词构成。

过去完成时的⽤法：过去完成时表⽰在过去某⼀时间或动作之前已经发⽣或完成了的动作。

它表⽰动作发⽣的时间是“过去的过去”。

⽤by、before等构成的短语。

9. mr sato looked at the ad.
ad是缩短词，也可写成advertisement，常见的缩短词还有：dormitory — dorm（宿舍）, popular — pop（流⾏⾳乐）, refrigerator — fridge（冰箱）等。

10. then he found ads for other cameras as well.
句中as well意思是“亦；也；⼜；同样”。

as well as 引导⽐较状语从句，意思是“和……做得同样好；和……⼀样”，as well as ⾥的well是副词，作“好”解。

11. …all the information about different kinds of cameras…
different kinds of 不同种类的，表达“……这（⼏）种”可⽤以下组合：
this kind of + 名词原形 + 动词单数
these kinds of 名词原形/名词复数 + 动词复数
名词复数 + of this kind + 动词复数
12. click on the screen 点击屏幕
13. a week later miyoko received the camera she had ordered.
she had ordered在这⾥修饰the camera，指她所订购的那台相机。

14.the computer cost so much that she didn’t buy it. 这台计算机太贵⼀直她买不起。

句中的cost表⽰“花钱”，花费，付出(只能⽤于钱、精⼒、⽣命等；主语必须是物。

)
the book cost me five yuan. 我花五元钱买了这本书。

像take，spend，pay也都表⽰“花钱”这⼀⽤法，但句型不同：take的主语是动词不定式；spend，在主动语句中主语是⼈；pay的主语是⼈。

be worth是“值得……的”的意思，be worth后接宾语。

it took me five yuan to buy the book.. 买这本书花了我五元钱。

i spent five yuan on (for) the book.或i spent five yuan (in) buying the book. 我花五元钱买这本书。

i paid five yuan for the book. 我花了五元钱买这本书。

the book was worth five yuan. 这本书值五元钱。

语法讲解
the past perfect tense (1)
过去完成时态（⼀）
构成：过去完成时由“助动词had（通⽤于各种⼈称和数）+过去分词构成。

⽤法：过去完成时表⽰在过去某⼀时间或动作之前已经发⽣或完成了的动作。

它表⽰动作发⽣的时间是“过去的过去”。

⽤by、before等构成的短语。

statements 陈述句
they had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 在他们到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃早饭了。

从句中“arrived at”到达在“过去”的时间，⽽“had already had”吃早饭的动作发⽣在到达之前，因此主句的时态为“过去的过去”。

i had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning. 今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的。

she had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the canon digital camera. 当她找到了佳能数码照相机的⼴告时，她已经在因特⽹上查询了两个⼩时。

i went over what i had written again and again so that i wouldn’t make any mistakes. 我⼀遍⼜⼀遍地检查了我所写的内容，以⾄我没能出现任何错误。

negative 否定句
he remembered he hadn’t paid for it yet. 他记得他没有付款。

he said that he had never seen such a beautiful bird before. 他说他在以前从来没有看过这样美丽的鸟。

questions 疑问句
how many english flashes had you seen by the end of last term?
到上学期期末为⽌，你们看了多少部英⽂⽚。

had you reached the station before ten o’clock.?
到⼗点以前，你们已经到达⽕车站了吗？
关于过去完成时态的教学建议
教学时态的最好形式之⼀是在⼀定的语境中通过与其他时态的⽐较来加深学⽣对这个时态的理解，这样学⽣⾸先有个感性认识，然后经过归纳总结，这种感性认识会逐步上升为理性认识。

本单元第⼀次教学过去完成时，前⾯已教学了现在完成时态和⼀般过去时态。

教师⾸先让学⽣学习第54课课⽂，让他们找出含有过去完成时和现在完成时的句⼦。

如：
1) she had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the canon digital camera.
2) after she had found more information,. . .
3) after he had checked out all the information about different kinds of cameras, . . .
让学⽣观察过去完成时与现在完成时在构成上的差异，如had或have+过去分词，时间状语的不同。

再要求学⽣⽐较过去完成时与⼀般过去时的不同，并且画出时间线，以⽐较两种时态。

教师此时再让学⽣思考已找出的句⼦的前后语境，尤其要区分⼀般过去时与过去完成时
的不同⽤法。

本单元出现的过去完成时态，学⽣只要掌握过去完成时在什么情况下使⽤，表达什么时间意义即可，因为下⼀单元还会继续学习这个时态。

根据上例，变化主语的数，要求学⽣做相应的句型转换练习，其中包括陈述句，疑问句及其肯定与
否定回答。

关于so that句型的教学建议
由so…that引导的状语从句是本单元另⼀个语法重点。

这个语法点并不难理解，教师应使学⽣认识这个句型表达的意思； so后⾯是跟形容词还是副词由so前⾯的谓语动词类型决定。

教师事先准备好画有jacket, shoes, socks, shirt, sweater, suit, trousers等⾐物的图⽚，以及写有cost so much, cost so little, cheap, expensive, long, small等词的卡⽚。

把he，she，we，they，john，i写在⿊板上，然后出⽰相应的图⽚和卡⽚，造句如下：
the jacket cost so much that he didn't buy it.
this pair of trousers are so long that i can't wear them.
…
教师先让全班做快速⼝头造句练习，然后板书⼀部分例句，简要分析这个句型的构成及意义和使⽤场合。

接着半班，⾏排之间进⾏快速⼝头连锁造句⽐赛。

两组轮流造句，不能重复。

教师限定时间，造句多且准确的组为优胜。

接着要求学⽣⼝头完成练习册练习题。

检查核对答案后，根据study and practise和上⾯⼝头完成的两个练习，笔头造句。

并要他们注意使⽤不同类型的谓语动词。

对造句⼦多且好的学⽣应予以奖励。

关于购物⽤语的教学建议
本单元教学的主要交际项⽬是有关“购物 (shopping)”的⽇常⽤语。

这个交际项⽬曾在第⼀册、第⼆册出现过。

本单元的教学应在归纳总结以前知识的基础上，采⽤多种教学⼿段和教学形式，使学⽣对“购物”这项交际项⽬有更全⾯的了解，并逐步掌握购物过程中“挑选物品、询问价格、做出决定”的不同表达形式。

建议教师采⽤如下教学步骤：
教师准备出⽰画有shop, sweater，shoes的图⽚或学习⽤品的实物，并要求⼀位学习好的学⽣配合教师演⽰如下对话：
1. (出⽰sweater 图⽚)
t: my sweater is worn out.
s: you can buy one in the shop. it sells clothes there.
t: i want to go shopping now. can you come with me, please? i can't decide which sweater to buy.
s: let me help you.
2. s shopkeeper: what can i do for you?
c customer: i'
d lik
e two woolen sweaters for my friend.
s: well, which colour do you like?
c: blue.
s: what size do you want?
c: size ten.
s: what about this one?
c: it looks nice. can i try it on, please?
s: certainly.
c: well, how much does it cost?
s: eighty-five yuan.
c: oh. that's cheap. i'll have it, please.
以上两段对话基本上是在复习以前所学的有关购物的表达法，其间穿插了⼀些本单元第53课要学习的词语和句⼦。

这样通过看教师的演⽰，学⽣复习、巩固了以往所学的知识，并逐渐接触新语⾔点，为下⼀步学习做好辅垫。

在学⽣们理解的基础上，教师出⽰shoes的图⽚，再次演⽰以上对话(注意对话中名词、
代词及谓语动词等要作相应的变化)，并将主要句型板书于⿊板上。

然后全班、半班操练，以巩固这些句型。

下⼀步教师要学⽣听第53课录⾳。

然后全班、半班、⾏排、两⼈⼀组分⾓⾊练习这段对话。

教第⼆部分对话时，教师可要学⽣听录⾳数遍或与事前安排好的学⽣演⽰数遍，使学⽣熟悉对话内容。

在他们未学过的语句上，教师予以强调。

然后分⾓⾊进⾏全班、半班、⾏排、两⼈⼩组操练。

最后教师引导学⽣归纳总结“购物(shopping)”的⽇常交际⽤语。

选购物品：售货员可以说以下的话：
can i help you? what can i do for you? which would you like? how many/much do you
want? is that all? do you like…? what about …? which one/ colour / …do you like? what
size do you want? is this one better? ok/certainly. here you are. no hurry. please take your
time! i'm afraid we haven't got any …in that size at the moment. i'm sorry. we've sold out.
the… in your size. but we've got some… ones.
顾客可以说的话：
i want to buy (some) … (for…) this evening/afternoon/morning. thank you. / yes, please. i want … of..., please. i would like ..., please. i'd like… for … no. and some …please. i want some … about… (数量), please. we'll/ill have a look at the …thank you.
i like the colour, but it's/they're too… /no, the colour's too .... it's great, but it's not… enough. /they are great, but they're not …enough. i prefer…, but this… is too… ! that's too … yes. that's just right. have you got any other kind/ colour /size? that looks nice/great. can/may i try them/it on, please? have you got anything cheaper?
谈论价格并做决定：（顾客）how much does it cost?/ how much do they cost? how much are these things? that's (much) too expensive, i'm afraid. that's (quite) cheap/dear. that's a bit expensive. i like it, but it costs too much. / i like them, but they cost too much. i can't decide. i'll take it. i'll just buy…
售货员：let me see…(价格),…yuan /dollars please. you haven't paid for it yet. that's the cheapest/most expensive … we have, i'm afraid.
教学⽬标
教学⽬标与要点
1．掌握本单元的词汇和短语。

特别是be worn out，a pair of，try…on， think about等的⽤法。

2．学习过去完成时态的基本概念、构成，掌握它的肯定、否定和疑问形式及其简略答语。

3．掌握且能熟练运⽤有关挑选物品、询问价格、做出决定等购物的交际⽤语，学会安全地在⽹上购物。

4．能完全区别so that和so…that的⽤法。

5．⽐较现在完成时态与过去完成时态的不同：⼀个是表⽰现在的时态，⼀个是表⽰过去的时态。

结构区别仅在助动词的不同。

6．认真学习“ on-line”，领会⾼科技给我们⽣活带来的莫⼤⽅便。

7．结合⾃⼰的实际情况，进⾏写⽇记的训练。

要学⽣学会⾃我总结书写⽇记的格式。

本单元词组、句型及交际⽤语
（⼀）本单元词组及短语
be excited about 关于……⽽兴奋
a place of interest 名胜
go over 过⼀遍；仔细检查
make a mistake 犯错误
drop off 放下（某物）；下车
beijing opera 京剧
the great hall of the people ⼈民⼤会堂
the palace museum 故宫
the great wall 长城
a pair of leather tennis shoes ⼀双⽪⾯的⽹球鞋
even though 纵使；即使……也
have a 38 in this color 有38号这种颜⾊的鞋
shopping on-line 在线或⽹上购物
take pictures of this trip 在旅游中照相
click on the screen 点击屏幕
close to 靠近
hear sb. doing sth.. 听见某⼈在做某事
on kunming lake 在昆明湖
the summer palace 颐和园
beihai park 北海公园
the day after tomorrow 后天
again and again ⼀遍⼜⼀遍地
cost so much 如此昂贵
cost so little 如此便宜
so that 以便
drop off our things 放下我们的物品
be in a hurry 匆忙
（⼆）句型
the camera cost so much that …. 这架照相机如此贵，以⾄于……。

she decided to buy a camera online so that …. 她决定在⽹上买⼀架照相机，以便……。

the computer cost so little that …. 这台计算机如此便宜，以⾄于……。

even though …(be) a little expensine, … will take …. 虽然……有点⼉贵，……将买……。

（三）交际⽤语
1．购物 shopping
what size …? 多⼤号码？
have you got any other colour / size / kind? 你们这还有其它别的颜⾊/尺码/款式吗？have you got anything cheaper? 你们这有更便宜的吗？
how much are they? 它们多少钱？
how much does it cost? 它多少钱？
how much is it? 它多少钱？
that’s a bit expensive. 那个有点⼉昂贵。

even though they’re a little expensive, i’ll take them. 即使它们有点⼉贵，我也将买它们。

i’ll think about …. 我将考虑考虑……。

i don’t think i’ll take …. 我想我不买……。

2．喜好和厌恶
i like …. 我喜欢……。

i don’t really like …. 我真的不喜欢……。

3．提供（帮助等）和应答offers and responses
can i help you, girl? 我能帮助您吗？
would you like me to look in the back? 您能让我看⼀下反⾯吗？
yes, do please. 是的，请吧！
教学建议
教材内容分析
本单元的中⼼话题是“购物”，所有的对话、课⽂及练习都是围绕这⼀话题展开的。

我们要能熟练运⽤有关“挑选物品、询问价格、做出决定”的购物交际⽤语，同时还得学会通过互联⽹进⾏购物的⽅法和技巧。

“ on-line”给我们提供了典型的范例。

本单元着重讲述了过去完成时的基本概念、构成以及它的肯定、否定和疑问句式及其简略答语，区别了so that和so…that…的不同⽤法。

结合⾃⼰的实际情况，参考lesson 56，进⾏英⽂⽇记的写作训练，也可以写⼀篇⾃⼰经历过的shopping活动。

本单元重点例句及相关知识讲解
1. are you excited about going to beijing? 去北京你很激动吗？
2. you’d better try them on first. 你最好先穿上试⼀试。

句中try on的意思是“穿上（戴上）试⼀试”。

如try on 的宾语是名词时，名词可放在try on后⾯，也可放在try 与on之间。

如：
i went to the tailor’s shop to try on my new suit. 我到裁缝店去试新做的西服。

i went to the tailor’s shop to try my new suit on. 我到裁缝店去试新做的西服
注：如try on的宾语是代词，代词⼀般要放在try与on之间。

如：
she was trying on a new hat. (she was trying it on.) 她在试戴⼀顶新帽⼦。

3. even though they’re a little expensive, i’ll take them. 即使鞋有点⼉贵，我也将买它们。

(1)句中even though相当于even if，意思是“纵使；即使……也”。

常引导让步状语从句：
i’ll help you, even if i don’t sleep for a night. 即使我⼀夜不睡觉，也还要帮助你。

even if ,even though还可⽤于虚拟语⽓，意思是“即使”，引导从句。

如：
even if he were here, he could not solve the problem at once, too. 即使他在这⾥，他也不能⽴即解决这个问题。

（事实上他没有在这⾥。

）
even though she had been very busy, she would have helped us. 即使当时她很忙，她还是会帮助我们的。

（事实上她当时并不⼗分忙，故帮助了我们）。

(2) expensive与high, cheap与low
这四个词在谈论到价格的⾼低时，要注意使⽤。

expensive与high涉及到价格“⾼”，⽽cheap 与low涉及到价格“低”。

l)expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。

这个单词若谈到“价格⾼，货贵”时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本⾝。

如：
this watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。

these glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。

注意：cheap表⽰“价廉”，“便宜的”，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本⾝。

如：
the cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌⼦是他卖给我们的。

this cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。

2）high在表⽰价格时，含义是“⾼”，low在表⽰价格时，含义是“低”，这两个词不能⽤于物品本⾝，只能⽤在价格上。

如：the price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太⾼了。

the price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。

下⾯我们试看⼏个句⼦的正误对照：
the price of this computer is expensive.
(上句宜改为：this computer is expensive. 或the price of this computer is high. )
the price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(上句宜改为：this pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 the price of this pen is not low for him. )
4. shopping online（互联）⽹上或在线购物
5. she wanted to take pictures of this trip.
take pictures of this trip在旅游中照相
6. as she lives out in the country, there is no place to buy a very good camera.
因为她远在乡下居住，那⼉没有能买到很好相机的地⽅。

*句中as 是连词，作“由于，因为”解，引导原因状语从句。

because，since，as，for都是说明原因的接续词，because语⽓最强，表⽰理由充分，有必然的因果关系，其次是since，表⽰⼀种间接或附带的原因，再其次是as、for，只是说明⼀下，关系是松弛的。

如：
everybody likes tom, as he is kind and honest. yesterday, we stayed at home because it rained. someone invited him to dinner. he replied, “as i am ill, i won’t go out”. after he had hung up, he smiled, “i can’t see anything for the fog in fact”. i said,“since you insist, i have to cook for you ”.
*句中to buy a very good camera是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰no place。

7. she decided to buy a digital camera online so that it could be sent to her.
她决定在⽹上订购⼀个数码相机，那样便可以邮寄给她。

句中so that意思是“以便，为了 ”，常常引导结果状语从句。

“so (such) …that”引导结果状语从句，作“这么……，以⾄”或“所以”解，so接形容词、副词或分词，⽽such则接名词。

如：
wan jun does exercises everyday so that she could run fast.
万军每天做练习，以便能跑得快。

wan jun was such a fast runner that he could almost catch up with a deer. =wan jun ran so fast that he could almost catch up with a deer.
万军跑得这么的快，以⾄于他的速度⼏乎能赶上⿅。

8. she had searched the internet for two hours…
had searched 是过去完成时。

过去完成时的构成：过去完成时由“助动词had（通⽤于各种⼈称和数）+过去分词构成。

过去完成时的⽤法：过去完成时表⽰在过去某⼀时间或动作之前已经发⽣或完成了的动作。

它表⽰动作发⽣的时间是“过去的过去”。

⽤by、before等构成的短语。

9. mr sato looked at the ad.
ad是缩短词，也可写成advertisement，常见的缩短词还有：dormitory — dorm（宿舍）, popular — pop（流⾏⾳乐）, refrigerator — fridge（冰箱）等。

10. then he found ads for other cameras as well.
句中as well意思是“亦；也；⼜；同样”。

as well as 引导⽐较状语从句，意思是“和……做得同样好；和……⼀样”，as well as ⾥的well是副词，作“好”解。

11. …all the information about different kinds of cameras…
different kinds of 不同种类的，表达“……这（⼏）种”可⽤以下组合：
this kind of + 名词原形 + 动词单数
these kinds of 名词原形/名词复数 + 动词复数
名词复数 + of this kind + 动词复数
12. click on the screen 点击屏幕
13. a week later miyoko received the camera she had ordered.
she had ordered在这⾥修饰the camera，指她所订购的那台相机。

14.the computer cost so much that she didn’t buy it. 这台计算机太贵⼀直她买不起。

句中的cost表⽰“花钱”，花费，付出(只能⽤于钱、精⼒、⽣命等；主语必须是物。

)
the book cost me five yuan. 我花五元钱买了这本书。

像take，spend，pay也都表⽰“花钱”这⼀⽤法，但句型不同：take的主语是动词不定式；spend，在主动语句中主语是⼈；pay的主语是⼈。

be worth是“值得……的”的意思，be worth后接宾语。

it took me five yuan to buy the book.. 买这本书花了我五元钱。

i spent five yuan on (for) the book.或i spent five yuan (in) buying the book. 我花五元钱买这本书。

i paid five yuan for the book. 我花了五元钱买这本书。

the book was worth five yuan. 这本书值五元钱。

语法讲解
the past perfect tense (1)
过去完成时态（⼀）
构成：过去完成时由“助动词had（通⽤于各种⼈称和数）+过去分词构成。

⽤法：过去完成时表⽰在过去某⼀时间或动作之前已经发⽣或完成了的动作。

它表⽰动作发⽣的时间是“过去的过去”。

⽤by、before等构成的短语。

statements 陈述句
they had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 在他们到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃早饭了。

从句中“arrived at”到达在“过去”的时间，⽽“had already had”吃早饭的动作发⽣在到达之前，因此主句的时态为“过去的过去”。

i had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning. 今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作⽂。

she had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the canon digital camera. 当她找到了佳能数码照相机的⼴告时，她已经在因特⽹上查询了两个⼩时。

i went over what i had written again and again so that i wouldn’t make any mistakes. 我⼀遍⼜⼀遍地检查了我所写的内容，以⾄我没能出现任何错误。

negative 否定句
he remembered he hadn’t paid for it yet. 他记得他没有付款。

he said that he had never seen such a beautiful bird before. 他说他在以前从来没有看过这样美丽的鸟。

questions 疑问句
how many english flashes had you seen by the end of last term?
到上学期期末为⽌，你们看了多少部英⽂⽚。

had you reached the station before ten o’clock.?
到⼗点以前，你们已经到达⽕车站了吗？
关于过去完成时态的教学建议
教学时态的最好形式之⼀是在⼀定的语境中通过与其他时态的⽐较来加深学⽣对这个时态的理解，这样学⽣⾸先有个感性认识，然后经过归纳总结，这种感性认识会逐步上升为理性认识。

本单元第⼀次教学过去完成时，前⾯已教学了现在完成时态和⼀般过去时态。

教师⾸先让学⽣学习第54课课⽂，让他们找出含有过去完成时和现在完成时的句⼦。

如：
1) she had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the canon digital camera.
2) after she had found more information,. . .
3) after he had checked out all the information about different kinds of cameras, . . .
让学⽣观察过去完成时与现在完成时在构成上的差异，如had或have+过去分词，时间状语的不同。

再要求学⽣⽐较过去完成时与⼀般过去时的不同，并且画出时间线，以⽐较两种时态。

教师此时再让学⽣思考已找出的句⼦的前后语境，尤其要区分⼀般过去时与过去完成时
的不同⽤法。

本单元出现的过去完成时态，学⽣只要掌握过去完成时在什么情况下使⽤，表达什么时间意义即可，因为下⼀单元还会继续学习这个时态。

根据上例，变化主语的数，要求学⽣做相应的句型转换练习，其中包括陈述句，疑问句及其肯定与否定回答。

关于so that句型的教学建议
由so…that引导的状语从句是本单元另⼀个语法重点。

这个语法点并不难理解，教师应使学⽣认识这个句型表达的意思； so后⾯是跟形容词还是副词由so前⾯的谓语动词类型决定。

教师事先准备好画有jacket, shoes, socks, shirt, sweater, suit, trousers等⾐物的图⽚，以及写有cost so much, cost so little, cheap, expensive, long, small等词的卡⽚。

把he，she，we，they，john，i写在⿊板上，然后出⽰相应的图⽚和卡⽚，造句如下：
the jacket cost so much that he didn't buy it.
this pair of trousers are so long that i can't wear them.
…
教师先让全班做快速⼝头造句练习，然后板书⼀部分例句，简要分析这个句型的构成及意义和使⽤场合。

接着半班，⾏排之间进⾏快速⼝头连锁造句⽐赛。

两组轮流造句，不能重复。

教师限定时间，造句多且准确的组为优胜。

接着要求学⽣⼝头完成练习册练习题。

检查核对答案后，根据study and practise和上⾯⼝头完成的两个练习，笔头造句。

并要他们注意使⽤不同类型的谓语动词。

对造句⼦多且好的学⽣应予以奖励。

关于购物⽤语的教学建议
本单元教学的主要交际项⽬是有关“购物 (shopping)”的⽇常⽤语。

这个交际项⽬曾在第⼀册、第⼆册出现过。

本单元的教学应在归纳总结以前知识的基础上，采⽤多种教学⼿段和教学形式，使学⽣对“购物”这项交际项⽬有更全⾯的了解，并逐步掌握购物过程中“挑选物品、询问价格、做出决定”的不同表达形式。

建议教师采⽤如下教学步骤：
教师准备出⽰画有shop, sweater，shoes的图⽚或学习⽤品的实物，并要求⼀位学习好的学⽣配合教师演⽰如下对话：
1. (出⽰sweater 图⽚)。