泌尿生殖词汇

泌尿系统urinary system
泌尿生殖系统的解剖
谢建军总结于2005.3 促红细胞生成素epo,erythropoietin
肾素rennin
羟胆钙化醇1，25-hydroxycholecalciferol
第一节肾
一、肾的形态
肾kidney
内侧缘medial border
肾门renal hilum
肾蒂renal pedicle
肾窦renal sinus
二、肾的位置与毗邻
肾区renal region
三、肾的被膜
肌织膜muscular tunica
纤维囊fibrous capsule
脂肪囊fatty renal capsule
肾筋膜renal fascia
肾前筋膜prerenal fascia
肾后2筋膜retrorenal fascia
肾下垂nephroptosis
四、肾的结构
肾皮质renal cortex
肾髓质renal medulla
肾小体renal corpuscles
肾小管renal tubulus
肾锥体renal pyramid
肾乳头renal papillae
肾小盏minor renal calices
乳头孔papillary foramina
肾柱renal column
肾大盏major renal calices
肾盂renal pelvis
五、肾段血管与肾段
睾丸动脉testicular artery
肾上腺中动脉middle suprarenal artery
肾上腺动脉suprarenal artery
肾上腺静脉suprarenal vein
肾静脉renal vein
肾动脉renal artery
肾段动脉segmental artery
肾段renal segment
泛血管带zone devoid of vessel
六、肾的畸形与异常
马蹄肾
多囊肾polycystic kidney
双肾盂及双输尿管
单肾
低位肾
七、肾移植的解剖学基础
Murray(1956年)
第二节、输尿管ureter
输尿管腹部abdominal part of the ureter
输尿管盆部pelvic part of the ureter
输尿管壁内部intramural part of the ureter
输尿管全程3处狭窄：
上狭窄superior stricture
中狭窄middle stricture
下狭窄inferior stricture
第三节、膀胱urinary bladder
膀胱的形态：
膀胱尖apex of bladder
脐正中韧带median umbilical ligament
膀胱底fundus of bladder
膀胱体body of bladder
膀胱颈neck of bladder
前列腺底base of prostate gland(male男性)
盆膈pelvic diaphragm(female女性)
膀胱的内面结构
膀胱襞vesical plica
输尿管口ureteric orifice
尿道内口internal urethral orifice
输尿管间襞interureteric fold
膀胱三角trigone of bladder
膀胱垂vesical uvula
膀胱的位置和毗邻urinary incontinence
膀胱前隙prevesical space
耻骨前列腺韧带pubicoprostatic ligament
静脉丛venous plexus
直肠膀胱筋膜rectovesical fascia
盆腔pelvic cavity
膀胱脱垂cystoptosis
尿失禁urinary incontinence
第四节、尿道
女性尿道female urethra
尿道内口internal urethral orifice
尿道外口external urethral orifice
尿道旁腺skeins gland
生殖系统reproductive system
第一节、男性内生殖器
一、睾丸testis
白膜tunica albuginea
睾丸纵膈mediastinum testis
睾丸小隔septula testis
睾丸小叶lobules of testis
精曲小管contorted seminiferous tubules
精直小管straight seminiferous
输出小管efferent ductules of testis
二、附睾epididymis
三、输精管和射精管
输精管ductus deferens
输精管壶腹ampulla ductus deferentis
精索spermatic cord
射精管ejaculatory duct
四、精囊seminal vesicle
五、前列腺prostate
六、尿道球腺bulbourethral gland
七、精液spermatic fluid
第二节、男性外生殖器
一、阴囊scrotum
肉膜dartos coat
阴囊中隔septum of scrotum
睾丸鞘膜tunica vaginalis of testis
精索外筋膜external spermatic fascia
提睾肌cremaster
精索内筋膜internal spermatic fascia
睾丸鞘膜
鞘膜腔vaginal cavity
二、阴茎penis
阴茎头glans penis
尿道外口external orifice of urethra
阴茎海绵体cavernous body of penis
尿道海绵体cavernous body of urethra
尿道球bulb of urethra
阴茎包皮prepuce of penis
包皮系带frenulum of prepuce
阴茎悬韧带suspensory ligament of penis
男性尿道male urethra
前列腺部prostatic part
尿道嵴urethral crest
精阜seminal colliculus
前列腺小囊prostatic utricle
膜部membranous part
海绵体部cavernous part
尿道舟状窝navicular fossa of urethra
第二节、女性内生殖器
卵巢ovary
卵巢门hilum of ovary
卵巢的固定装置
卵巢悬韧带suspensory ligament of ovary
卵巢固有韧带proper ligament of ovary
输卵管uterine tube
输卵管子宫口uterine orifice of uterine tube
输卵管腹腔口abdominal orifice of uterine tube 输卵管峡isthmus of uterine tube
输卵管壶腹ampulla of uterine tube
输卵管漏斗infundibulum of uterine tube
输卵管伞fimbriae of uterine tube
卵巢伞ovarian fimbria
子宫uterus
子宫形态
子宫底fundus of uterus
子宫颈neck of uterus
子宫阴道部vaginal part of cervix
子宫阴道上部supravaginal part of cervix
子宫体body of uterus
子宫角horn of uterus
子宫峡isthmus of uterus
子宫腔cavity of uterus
子宫颈管canal of cervix of uterus
子宫口orifice of uterus
子宫位置
膀胱子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch
直肠子宫陷凹rectouterine pouch
子宫固定装置
子宫阔韧带broad ligament of uterus
子宫圆韧带round ligament of uterus
子宫主韧带cardinal ligament of uterus
子宫骶韧带uterosacral ligament
直肠子宫襞rectouterine fold
阴道vagina
阴道口vaginal orifice
处女膜hymen
阴道穹fornix of vagina
前庭大腺greater vestibular gland(bartholin腺) 会阴perineum
尿生殖区urogenital region
肛区anal region
肛提肌levator ani
尾骨肌coccygeus
肛门外括约肌sphincter ani externus
尿生殖三角的肌
浅层肌
会阴浅横肌superficial transverse muscle of perineum
球海绵体肌bulbocavernosus
会阴中心腱(会阴体)perineal central tendon(perineal body) 坐骨海绵体肌ischiocavernosus
深层肌
会阴深横肌deep transverse muscle of perineum
尿道括约肌sphincter of urethra
尿道阴道括约肌urethrovaginal sphincter
会阴筋膜
坐骨肛门窝ischioanal fossa
会阴浅筋膜(colles筋膜)superficial fascia of perineum
盆膈下筋膜inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm
盆膈上筋膜superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm
盆膈pelvic diaphragm
尿生殖膈下筋膜inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
尿生殖膈上筋膜superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
会阴浅隙superficial perineal space
会阴深隙deep perineal space
泌尿系统的外科疾病
第五十一章泌尿、男生殖系统外科检查和诊断
第一节主要症状
疼痛
1、肾和输尿管痛
2、膀胱痛
3、前列腺痛
4、阴囊痛
排尿改变
1、尿频frequency
2、尿急urgency
3、尿痛dysuria
4、排尿困难difficulty of urination
排尿踌躇urinary hesitancy
费力straining
尿线无力decreased force of urination
滴沥dribbling
5、尿流中断interruption of urinary stream
6、尿潴留urinary retention
7、尿失禁incontinence
8、遗尿enuresis
尿液改变
1、尿量
2、混浊尿
晶体尿crystalluria
磷酸盐尿phosphaturia
脓尿pyuria
乳糜尿chyluria
3、气尿pneumaturia
4、血尿hematuria
肉眼血尿gross hematuria
镜下血尿microscopic hematuria
初始血尿initial hematuria
终末血尿terminal hematuria
全程血尿total hematuria
男性性功能症状
勃起功能障碍erectile dysfunction,ED
早泄premature
血精hematospermia
尿道分泌物urethral discharge
第二节泌尿、男性生殖系统外科检查
体检
包茎phimosis
包皮过长redundant prepuce
包皮嵌顿paraphimosis
实验室检查
1、尿细胞学urnary cytology
2、膀胱肿瘤抗原bladder tumor antigen ,BTA
3、前列腺特异性抗原prostate-specific antigen,PSA
4、流式细胞测定flour cytometry ,FCM
5、导尿管urethral catheters
6、残余尿residual urine
7、尿道探条urethral sounds
8、膀胱尿道镜cystourethroscopy
9、输尿管和肾镜ureteroscopy and nephroscopy
10、尿流动力学urodynamics
11、前列腺细针穿刺活检meedle biopsy of the prostate
X检查
1、尿路平片plain film of kidney-ureter-bladder,KUB
2、排泄性尿路造影(excretory urogram)(IVU)
3、逆行肾盂造影retrograde pyelography
4、顺行肾盂造影antegrade pyelography
5、膀胱造影cystography
6、血管造影angiography
7、淋巴造影
8、精道造影
9、放射性核素显像radionuclide imaging
第五十二章泌尿男生殖系统先性性畸行
多囊肾
蹄铁形肾
肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻
膀胱外翻
尿道上裂
尿道下裂
先天性睾丸发育不全综合征Klinefelter syndrome
隐睾丸症cryptorchidism
异位睾丸ectopic testes
睾丸固定术orchidopexy
包皮环切术circumcision
第五十三章泌尿系统损伤
肾损伤renal trauma
输尿管损伤
输尿管膀胱再吻合术ureteroneocystostomy
自体肾移植autotransplantation of the kidney
膀胱损伤
耻骨上膀胱造瘘suprapubic cystostomy
尿道损伤urethral injuries
第五十四章泌尿男性生殖系统感染
上尿路感染
1、急性肾盂肾炎acute pyelonephritis
2、肾积脓pyonephrosis
3、肾皮质多发性脓肿
4、肾周围炎perinephritis
下尿路感染
1、急性细菌性膀胱炎acute bacterial cystitis
2、慢性细菌性膀胱炎chronic bacterial cystitis
3、尿道炎urethritis
淋球菌性尿道炎gonorrheal urethritis
非淋菌性尿道炎
男生殖系统感染
1、急性细菌性前列腺炎actue bacterial prostatitis
2、慢性前列腺炎chronic prostatitis
前列腺痛prostatodynia
3、急性附睾炎epididymitis
4、慢性附睾炎
第五十五章泌尿男生殖系统结核genitourinary tuberculosis
链霉素streptomycin
异烟肼isoniazid
利福平rifampicin
吡嗪酰胺pyrazinamide
第五十六章泌尿系统梗阻obstruction of urinary tract
肾积水hydronephrosis
良性前列腺增生benign prostatic hyperplasia
特拉唑嗪 terazosin
哌唑嗪prazosin
阿夫唑嗪alfazosin
多沙唑嗪doxazosin
坦索罗辛tamsulosin
尿潴留retention of urine
尿路结石urolithiasis
肾结石renal calculi
输尿管结石ureteral calculi
膀胱结石vesical calculi
尿道结石urethral calculi
体外冲击波碎石extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL 经皮肾镜取石或碎石术percutaneous nephrostolithotomy ,PCNL 输尿管镜取石或碎石术ureteroscopic lithotomy or lithotripsy 腹腔镜输尿管取石laparoscopic ureterolithotomy
原发性膀胱结石primary vesical calculi
第五十八章泌尿、男生殖系统肿瘤
肾肿瘤tumor of kidney
肾癌renal carcinoma
肾母细胞瘤nephroblastoma
肾盂肿瘤tumor of renal pelvis
膀胱肿瘤tumor of bladder
前列腺癌carcinoma of prostate
睾丸肿瘤tumor of testis
阴茎癌carcinoma of penis
精原细胞瘤seminoma
非精原细胞瘤unseminoma
第五十九章泌尿、男生殖系统的其他疾病
肾下垂nephroptosis
肾悬固定术nephropexy
精索静脉曲张varicocle
鞘膜积液hydrocele
睾丸鞘膜积液testicular hydorcele
精索鞘膜积液funicular hydrocele
肾血管性高血压renovascular hypertension,RVH
皮质醇症(Cushing’s syndrome)
ACTH 依赖性皮质醇症 corticotropin-dependent Cushing’s syndrome
非ACTH 依赖性皮质醇症 corticotropin-independent Cushing’s syndrome 异位皮质醇综合征ectopic corticotropic syndrome
结节性肾上腺增生 nodular adrenal hyperplasia
密妥坦mitotane,O,P’-DDD
氨鲁米特aminoglutethimide
美替拉酮metyrapone
酮康唑ketoconazole
赛庚啶cyproheptadine
溴隐亭bromocryptine
米非司酮mifepristone
原发性醛固酮增多症primary hyperaldosteronism
螺内酯(安体舒通)spironolactone
氯胺吡咪(阿米洛利)amiloride
卡托普利captopril
雷米普利ramipril
硝苯地平nifedipine
儿茶酚胺症
1、嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma
2、肾上腺髓质增生adrenal medulla hyperplasia
儿茶酚胺catecholamine
肾上腺转移癌adrenal metastasis
第六十一章男性性功能障碍、不育和节育
性欲libido
阴茎勃起erection
勃起障碍erectile dysfunction, ED
丈夫精液人工授精artificial insemination with husband’s semen,AIH
体外授精胚胎移植技术in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer ,IVF-ET
卵胞浆内精子注射intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ICSI
供者精液人工授精artificial insemination with donor’s semen,AID
泌尿系统疾病病理学
肾单位nephron
肾小球glomerulus
毛细血管袢capillary tuft
滤过膜filtering membrane
1、内皮细胞endothelial cell
2、肾小球基膜glomerular basement membrane,GBM
致密层lamina densa
内疏松层lamina rara interna
外疏松层lamina rara externa
层粘连蛋白laminin
纤维连接蛋白fibronectin
内动蛋白entactin
网状超结构suprastructure
3、脏层上皮细胞visceral epithelial cell (足细胞podocyte)
足突foot process
滤过隙filtration slit
滤过隙膜slit diaphragm
4、肾小球系膜mesangium
系膜细胞mesangial cell
基膜样的系膜基质mesangial matrix
肾球囊（鲍曼囊）Bowman’s capsule
第一节肾小球肾炎glomerulonephritis
原发性肾小球肾炎primary glomerulonephritis
继发性肾小球肾炎secondary glomerular diseases
遗传性肾炎hereditary nephritis
循环免疫复合物性肾炎circulating immune complex nephritis
内皮下沉积物subendothelial deposits
基膜与足细胞之间(上皮下沉积物subepithelial deposits)
原位免疫复合物性肾炎immune complex nephritis in situ
抗肾小球基膜肾炎anti-GBM nephritis
Heymann肾炎
抗肾小球细胞抗体
细胞免疫性肾小球肾炎
补体替代途径的激活
肾小球损伤的介质mediators of glomerular injury
补体－白细胞介导的机制complement-leukocyte mediated mechanism
基本病理改变
1、肾小球细胞增多hypercellularity
2、基膜增厚和系膜基质增多
3、炎性渗出和坏死
4、玻璃样变hyalinization和硬化sclerosis
5、肾小管和间质的改变
临床表现
1、急性肾炎综合征acute nephritis syndrome
2、快速进行性肾炎综合征rapidly progressive nephritis syndrome
3、肾病综合征nephrotic syndrome
低蛋白血症hypoalbuminemia
高脂血症hyperlipidemia
脂尿lipiduria
4、无症状性血尿和蛋白尿asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria
5、慢性肾炎综合征chronic nephritic syndrome
尿素氮blood urea nitrogen,BUN
氮质血症azotemia
尿毒症uremia
肾小球肾炎的病理类型
1、急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎acute fiffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis 感染后肾小球肾炎postinfectious glomerulonephritis
链球菌感染后性肾小球肾炎poststreptococcal GN
非链球菌感染后性肾小球肾炎nonpoststreptococcal GN
2、快速进行性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis,RPGN
新月体crescent
新月体性肾小球肾炎crescentic glomerulonephritis,CrGN
肺出血－肾炎综合征Goodpasture syndrome
血浆除去法plasmapheresis
免疫缺乏型pauci-immune type
抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody,ACNA
3、肾病综合征及相关的肾炎类型
a)膜性肾小球肾炎membranous glomerulonephritis
膜性肾病membranous nephropathy
b)微小病变性肾小球肾炎minimal change golmerulonephritis
脂性肾病lipoid nephrosis
c)局灶性节段性肾小球硬化focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,FSG
d)膜增生性肾小球肾炎membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis,MPGN
系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
C3肾炎因子C3 nephritic factor,C3Nef
e)系膜增生性肾小球肾炎mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis
4、IgA肾病IgA nephropathy
5、慢性肾小球肾炎chronic glomerulonephritis
慢性硬化性肾小球肾炎chronic sclerosing glomerulonephritis
第二节肾小管－间质性肾炎
肾小管－间质性肾炎tubulointerstitial nephritis
间质性肾炎interstitial nephritis
肾盂肾炎pyelonephritis
一、急性肾盂肾炎acute pyelonephritis
血源性感染（下行性）hematogenous or descending infection
上行性感染ascending infection
下尿路感染lower urinary tract infection
膀胱输尿管反流vesicoureteral reflux
肾内反流intrarenal reflux
并发症
坏死性乳头炎necrotizing papillitis
肾盂积脓pyonephrosis
肾周围脓肿perinephric abscess
二、慢性肾盂肾炎chronic pyelonephritis
a)慢性阻塞性肾盂肾炎chronic obstructive pyelonephritis
b)慢性反流性肾盂肾炎chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis
反流性肾病reflux nephropathy
药物引起的肾小管－间质性肾炎
一、急性药物性间质性肾炎acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis
二、镇痛药性肾炎analgesic abuse nephritis
镇痛药性肾病analgesic abuse nephropathy
第三节肾和膀胱常见肿瘤
肾细胞癌renal cell carcinoma
肾上腺样瘤hypernephroma
遗传性肾细胞癌可分为下列三种类型：
V on hippel-Lindau综合征V on hippel-lindau Syndrome,VHL
遗传性（家族性）透明细胞癌hereditary of familial clear cell carcinoma
遗传性乳头状癌hereditary papillary carcinoma
分类和病理变化
普通型（透明细胞）肾癌conventional or clear cell renal carcinoma
乳头状癌papillary carcinoma
嫌色细胞癌chromophobe renal carcinoma
集合管癌collecting duct carcinoma
肾癌未分类renal cell carcinoma,unclassified
肾母细胞瘤nephroblastoma(又称Wilms tumor)
与肾母细胞瘤有关的先天畸形包括：
①W AGR（Wilms tumor ,aniridia ,genital anomalies,mental retardation）综合征
②Denys-Drash综合征
③Beckwith-Wiedemann综合征
WT1(Wilms’ tumor associated gene-1) 一种抑癌基因
膀胱移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
国际泌尿病理学会International Society of Urologic Pathology,ISUP
尿路上皮肿瘤urothelial neoplasms
尿路上皮癌urothelial cell carcinoma。