8A Unit 8 Natural disasters知识讲解

Unit 8 Natural disasters
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. thousands of
thousand; hundred; million; billion等数词，当与基数词连用表达确定数量时，要用单数形式，并且后面不接of；当表达概数时，要用复数形式，且后面接of。

例如：
Our school is so famous that hundreds of people come and visit it every day.
我们学校太有名了以至于每天有数百人来参观。

The volunteer sent two hundreds of books to a mountain village school on Children’s Day.
这些志愿者在儿童节这一天给一所山里的乡村学校送去了二百本书。

2. beat
beat是及物动词，有以下用法：
(1) 意为“赢；打败；战胜”，后接人或某一团队、组织等，其过去式为beat。

例如：
I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。

(2) 意为“打；击”，表示连续不断的打击。

例如：
Who is beating the drum? 谁在打鼓？
(3) 表示“（心脏）等跳动”。

例如：
I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。

【拓展】
beat和win都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：
beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为won。

例如：Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。

Who win the first prize in the competition? 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？
3. asleep
asleep是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”，在句中常作表语而不能作定语。

例如：
He was asleep when I saw him. 当我看见他时，他在睡觉。

【拓展】
(1) 类似的表语形容词均以a开头的有：afraid害怕的；alike相像的；alone独自的，孤独的；awake醒着的。

(2) “熟睡”只能说fast/ sound asleep而不用very asleep。

(3) fall asleep意为“入睡”，fall用作系动词，asleep作表语。

4. because of
because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。

例如：
He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。

He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。

【拓展】
(1) because意为“因为”，表示直接原因。

它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。

常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。

例如：
I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我待在家里。

Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。

—Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席?
—Because she is sick. 因为她病了。

(2) because of和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because的后面用句子；because
of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。

例如：
I was late this morning because I missed the first bus.
我今天早上迟到是因为我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。

We couldn’t have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain.
我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。

5. happen
happen是不及物动词，它的用法有：
(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是
物。

例如：
The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在2008年。

An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。

(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。

例如：
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。

What happened to you? 你怎么啦？
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。

例如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。

【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：
(1) happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。

例如：
What happened to him? 他出了什么事？
(2) take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计
划发生”。

例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。

注意：happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。

6. while
(1) while是连词，它的意思是“当……时候, 和……同时”。

例如：
Our friends arrived while we were having dinner.
当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。

【拓展】
(1) while和when是同义词，while后面的动词是延续性的、可持续性的；when的后面可以是延续性的动
词，也可以是非延续性的动词。

例如：
I was watching TV when he arrived.
他到的时候我在看电视。

（不能用while）
While / When I was cooking, my mother got home.
我做饭时，我妈妈到家了。

(2) while还可作并列连词，表示两者之间的对比。

when 也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作正在进行，突然发生了另一动作。

例如：
I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.
我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。

（不能用when）
I was fishing by the river when someone called for help.（不能用while）
我正在河边钓鱼，突然有人求救。

7. mind
mind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。

常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。

例如：
Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？
Don’t mind me.不要管我。

【拓展】
(1) mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。

例如：
He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。

Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。

(2) 后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：
完成，实践，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；
考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）；
错过，习惯，（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；
继续，喜欢，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。

8. since
since可作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。

例如：
I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。

I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。

【拓展】
since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。

例如：
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。

She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。

9. alive
alive 形容词“活的”，一般用作表语；如果用作定语，则需要放在被修饰的名词后面。

No man alive is greater than he.
活着的人没有一个比他更伟大的。

His mother is dead, but his father is still living /alive.
他的妈妈去世了，但他爸爸还活着。

【拓展】辨析：lively, alive, live与living
这四个词都可用作形容词，异同点如下：
(1) lively常用作定语或表语，“充满活力的，活泼的，有生气的”。

例如：
She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.
她是个充满活力的年轻女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。

He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇妙的方法，使他的课堂生动有趣。

(2) alive常作表语或后置定语，“有生命的，活的”。

例如：
He was alive when they took him to the hospital.
人们把他送到医院时他还活着。

(3) live作定语，“活的，有生命的（主要用来指鸟或其他动物）；现场的，直播的”。

例如：
Look! These is a live fish in the pool.看！池子里有一条活鱼。

We watched a live television show. 我们观看了一场电视现场直播的表演。

(4) living意为“活的，健在的”。

例如：
His grandpa is still living at the age of 96. 他爷爷96岁了，仍然健在。

词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。

1. 用拖把擦干净_________________________
2. thousand of _________________________
3. 一点也不_________________________
4. catch fire _________________________
5. 四面八方_________________________
6. 感到紧张_________________________
7. calm down _________________________ 8. 找到出路_________________________
9. at last _________________________ 10. because of_________________________
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子。

1. The coach c______________ into a tree yesterday evening.
2. Three people lost their lives in the traffic a______________.
3. There are many natural d______________ in the world every year.
4. Father told me that he was born in a poor family in a small v______________.
5. My sister’s ______________(头脑) will be empty when she meets danger.
6. When the baby saw a dog, she ran in the ______________(方向) of her mother at once.
7. When you are in danger, please try to keep ______________(平静).
8. During that Spring Festival, a heavy ______________(暴风雪) hit many areas across South China.
III. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. A strong earthquake killed ______________(thousand) of people last year.
2. The children ran ______________(wild) when they heard the dog barking at them.
3. It’s bad manners to talk ______________(loud) in public.
4. Can you tell me something about ______________(nature) disasters?
5. —Why were the twins so ______________(excite)?
—Because their parents bought them each a new computer.
IV. 用适当的介词或副词完成下列句子。

1. Please read the story and find ______________ what happened ______________ the earthquake survivor.
2. When it happened, people looked ______________ each other ______________ fear.
3. I kept saying ______________ myself, “I must try my best to go ______________”.
4. Timmy wanted to stay alive, so he shouted ______________ help.
5. He was trapped ______________ a dark place after the earthquake.
V. 听力链接。

（2015年兰州中考）
听短文，根据其内容填写下面短文中所缺的信息。

短文读三遍。

（每空限填一词）
London has many museums, and one of the most 1．________ is the British Museum.Thousands of people visit it every 2．________. Lots of interesting things from different times and places can be seen there. The British Museum is very serious, so there’s no shouting and no running. People mustn’t make a noise, and they mustn’t 3．________ the exhibits(展品). Photography 4．________ allowed in the British Museum, so it’s a good idea to visit the museum shop and you can buy postcards there. The museum is free for everyone, so you can visit it as 5．________ as you like.
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。

1. mop up
2. 成千上万的
3. not…at all
4. 着火
5. in all directions
6. feel nervous
7. 冷静8. find one’s way out 9. 最后10. 因为，由于
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子。

1. crashed
2. accident
3. disasters
4. village
5. mind
6. direction
7. calm
8. storm
III. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. thousands
2. wildly
3. loudly
4. natural
5. excited
IV. 用适当的介词或副词完成下列句子。

1. out; to
2. at; in
3. to; out
4. for
5. in
V. 听力链接。

1．popular 2．year 3．touch 4．isn’t 5．often
听力材料：
听短文，根据其内容填写下面短文中所缺的信息。

短文读三遍。

There are a lot of museums in London，and one of the most popular is the British Museum．Thousands of people visit it every year．They can see lots of interesting things from
different times and places．The British Museum is very serious，so it is quiet there．People mustn’t make a noise，and they mustn’t touch the exhibits．Photography is not allowed in the British Museum，so it’s a good idea to visit the museum shop and buy postcards．Entry to the museum is free，so you can visit it as often as you like．
句式精讲
1.… I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road.
本句中用了see sb. doing sth.的结构，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看见的动作正在进行。

例如：
I saw him repairing his bike. 我看见他正在修他的自行车。

【拓展】
(1) see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调看到了动作的全过程。

例如：
I saw him repair his bike.我看见他修了他的自行车。

(2) 能用do或doing做宾语补足语的词还有：feel; hear; watch; notice等。

例如：
I often heard him play the piano in his room when I was young.
当我小的时候，我经常听见他在房间里弹钢琴。

I noticed some birds singing. 我注意到一些鸟在歌唱。

2. Try to get out as soon as possible.
(1) as … as possible 意为“尽可能的……”，as … as 中间加形容词或者副词的原级。

例如：
I hope my marks would be as high as possible. 我希望我的分数尽可能地高。

He picked as many apples as possible in the apple garden. 他在果园摘了尽可能多的苹果。

(2) as soon as possible意为“尽快，尽早”，与as soon as one can/could同义。

例如：
I will tell him as soon as possible. = I will tell him as soon as I can.
3. …about keeping ourselves safe from fires.
本句中用了“keep + 名词/ 代词+ 形容词”的结构，意为“使……保持某种状态”。

例如：
Keep the door open, please. 请让门开着。

【拓展】
(1) keep作动词，意思是“保持”，常见的结构为“keep+形容词/动词-ing形式”，意为“使某物保持某种状态”。

例如：
The cat keeps running after the rat, trying to catch it.
那只猫一直在追赶老鼠，想要抓住它。

I need to keep fit. 我需要保持健康。

Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。

(2) keep sb. doing sth.，表示“让某人一直做某事”。

例如：
You keep me waiting for half an hour. 你让我等了半个小时。

(3) keep的相关短语：
keep up with跟上，赶上
keep a shop 开商店
keep an eye on照看
4. I tried my best to run out too…
try one’s best to do sth.是动词短语，意为“努力或尽力去做某事”，相当于try to do sth.。

例如：
We tried our best to help the people in the village. 我们设法帮助那个村庄的人。

They should try their best to finish the work on time. 他们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。

【拓展】
try one’s best to do sth.表示尽自己最大能力做某事, 强调的是要设法、想法的意思，等同于try to do sth.；try doing sth.表示尝试着做某事，强调尽力去做，尝试去做。

例如：
He tries to get the apple above the shelf，but fails to reach it.
他尽力去够架子上的苹果，但是没够着。

After a while, Tom comes in and tries showing his ability.
一会儿后，汤姆进来试着展示他的能力。

He tired climbing the tall tree. 他试着爬上了那棵搞的树。

I will try my best to do this work. 我将尽力去做这份工作。

5. I could not see anything at all…
not…at all意为“根本不，一点也不”，，用于否定句中，加强语气。

例如：
He doesn’t like meat at all. 他根本不喜欢吃肉。

【拓展】Not at all.在口语中经常用到，有以下用法：
(1) 用来表示否定（是No的加强说法），表示“一点也不，完全不”。

例如：
—Are you busy? 你忙吗？
—Not at all. 一点也不忙。

(2) 用于回答感谢，表示“不用谢；不客气”。

例如：
—Thank you very much. 非常感谢。

—Not at all. 别客气。

(3) 用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话，表示“没什么；哪里，哪里”。

例如：
—You are very kind. 你真好。

—Not at all. 没什么。

(4) 用于回答道歉，表示“没关系”。

例如：
—I’m sorry I’m late. 对不起，我迟到了。

—Oh, not at all. Come in, please. 哦，没关系，请进。

句式精练
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。

1. 没有你的帮助，我不能做这件事。

I _______________ do it _______________ your help.
2. 小汽车轰然相撞。

The cars _______________ _______________ each other.
3. 你既然问，我就告诉你。

_______________ _______________ _______________, I will tell you.
4. 我将尽力学好英语。

I’ll _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ English well.
5. 海浪把游泳者卷走了。

The waves had _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________.
6. 昨天晚上他怎么了？
What _______________ _______________ _______________ last night?
7. 开始，我感到轻微的晃动。

_______________ _______________, I felt a slight shake.
8. 昨天晚上，我们学校的墙倒了。

The walls of our school _______________ _______________ last night.
9. 他们快速搬走了那块砖，救出了那个女孩。

They quickly _______________ _______________ the bricks and saved the girl.
10. 你应该总是遵守交通规则。

You should always _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________.
II. 句型转换，每空一词。

1. “Please visit Nanjing next year,” the girl said to us. (同义句转换)
The girl _______________ us _______________ _______________ Nanjing next year.
2. People were in a hurry to go to work in the morning. (同义句转换)
People _______________ _______________ work in the morning.
3. We think we are able to travel around the world. (改为否定句)
We _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ able to travel around the world.
4. He usually takes the bus to school because his home is far from school. (对划线部分提问)
_______________ _______________ he usually _______________ the bus to school?
5. The trip from our school to the zoo took about two hours by bus. (同义句转换)
It _______________ us about two hours _______________ _______________ to the zoo from our school by bus.
6. It will be windy and cold tomorrow. (对划线部分提问)
What _______________ the weather _______________ _______________ tomorrow?
7. Tom didn’t attend the party because he was ill. (同义句转换)
Tom didn’t attend the party _______________ _______________ his illness.
8. The car accident killed two people. (同义句转换)
Two people _______________ _______________ _______________ during the car accident.
9. It snowed very heavily yesterday. (同义句转换)
_______________ _______________ a _______________ snow yesterday.
10. We walked to the bus stop. (同义句转换)
We _______________ to the bus stop _______________ _______________.
III. 补全对话。

（2014 湖北黄冈中考）
根据语境，用恰当的话语完成对话。

(A)
A: Hey, Bill,______（1）？
B: Oh, I’m thinking about life in the countryside.
A:________（2）?
B: Yeah, I like it very much. In the countryside, the air is fresh, the sky is bluer, and there are also green trees and clearer rivers.
A: It’s quieter, too. People can enjoy the beauties of nature there.
(B)
A: ______（3）！
B: So it is. The wind is blowing strongly with lots of sand. I couldn’t see anything, and my face hurt while I was
walking down the street just now.
A: I’m sorry to hear that. But ______（4）?
B: People have cut down too many trees. As a result, lots of rich land has changed into desert.
A: That’s too bad, but______（5）?
B: Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. And a lot of water can be saved by forests. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.
参考答案
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。

1. can’t; without
2. crashed into
3. Since you ask
4. try my best to learn
5. washed the swimmer away
6. happened to him
7. At first
8. came down
9. moved away 10. follow the traffic rules
II. 句型转换，每空一词。

1. invited; to visit
2. hurried to
3. don’t think we are
4. Why does; take
5. took; to go
6. will; be like
7. because of
8. lost their lives
9. There was; heavy 10. went; on foot
III. 补全对话。

1. What are you thinking about/ of
2. Do you like the countryside/ Do you like it
3. What bad weather!/ How bad the weather is!/ What a terrible sandstorm!
4. what has caused/made it (the bad weather/ the sandstorms)
5. how do trees influence/ affect the weather。