考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析(17)

考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（17）
(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
A new economics paper has some old-fashioned advice for people navigating the stresses of life: Find a spouse who is also your best friend. Social scientists have long known that __1__ people tend to be happier, but they debate whether that is because marriage causes happiness or simply because happier people are more__2__ to get married. The new paper, __3__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, controlled for pre-marriage happiness levels. It__4__that being married makes people happier and more satisfied __5__ their lives than those who remain single—particularly during the most stressful periods, like __6__ crises.
Even as fewer people are marrying, the disadvantages of remaining single have broad__7__. It´s important__8__marriage is increasingly a force behind inequality.__9__marriages are more common among educated, high-income people, and increasingly out of reach for those who are not. That divide appears to__10__not just people´s income and family stability, but also their happiness and stress levels.
A quarter of today´s young adults will have never married by 2030, which would be the highest__11__in modern history, according to Pew Research Center.__12__both remaining unmarried and divorcing are more common among less-educated, lower-income people.__13__, high-income people still marry at high rates and are less likely to divorce.
Those whose lives are most difficult could__14__most from marriage, according to the economists who wrote the new paper, John Helliwell and Shawn Grover. "Marriage may be most important when there is that stress in life and when things are going__15__," Mr. Grover said.
__16__ marital happiness long outlasted the honeymoon period.__17__some social scientists have argued that happiness levels are innate, so people return to their natural level of well-being__18__joyful or upsetting events, the researchers found that the benefits of marriage persist. One__19__for that might be the role of friendship within marriage. Those who__20__their spouse or partner to be their best friend get about twice as much life satisfaction from marriage as others, the study found.
第1题
A.single
B.engaged
C.married
D.divorced
第2题
A.eager
B.likely
C.easy
D.excited
第3题
A.made
B.studied
C.found
D.published
第4题
A.denied
B.concluded
C.doubted
D.imagined
第5题
A.with
B.from
C.by
D.in
第6题
A.financial
B.midlife
C.academic
D.quarterlife
第7题
A.necessities
B.transmissions
C.implications
D.significances 第8题
A.when
B.because
C.so
D.if
第9题
A.Stable
B.Normal
C.Constant
D.Poor
第10题
A.affect
B.promote
C.lower
D.control
第11题
A.figure
B.rate
C.score
D.share
第12题
A.Even
B.Still
C.Yet
D.And
第13题
cated
B.Intelligent
C.Dignified
D.Knowledgeable
第14题
A.steal
B.choose
C.benefit
D.suffer
第15题
A.wrong
B.bad
C.great
D.well
第16题
A.Fortunately
B.Unexpectedly
C.Intriguingly
D.Surprisingly
第17题
A.Unless
B.Hence
C.Until
D.Though
第18题
A.after
B.before
C.during
D.within
第19题
A.option
B.reason
C.result
D.tendency
第20题
A.believe
B.see
C.consider
D.regard
下一题
(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Directions :
Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The Nobel Prize is a mysterious incarnation of power and authority, an anointed ritual whose claims are accepted as part of the order of things. The Nobel Prize is at once a relic of the past and a self-admiring mirror of our democratized, scientized, secularized modern culture. After a century of existence, the Nobel has become a problematic part of modern history: it helps shape our perception of ourselves for better or worse.
Like monarchy, the Nobel Prize surrounds itself with mystery and extraordinary secretiveness. Indeed, the media have more easily breached the privacy of the British royal family than that of the Nobel institution.The prizes present themselves as if handed down from eternity. But as even a cursory inspection will reveal, the juries that pick the laureates have often shown bias, lapses of judgment and bitter infighting. In the sciences, a number of quarrels, scandals, and even lawsuits have erupted over claims to priority or credit for collaborations honored by Nobles. And while widely admired, the science prizes have also been charged with swaying research goals and funding, however inadvertently, and more insidiously with corrupting scientific ambitions by the lure of Nobel fames. Such controversies, together with public dissent from several prizes, have been part of the Nobel history since its beginning. All prizes stir arguments; the Nobel´s fame simply magnifies this hugely.
The very glory and stature of the Nobel Prizes prompt some sharp questions. Should such high endeavors of the human spirit as science, literature, and peace be treated as competitions, however exalted? Should these priceless efforts be paid the enormous, though "honorary," price lavished on the winners? Would it matter if there never had been a Nobel Price? Or if it vanished tomorrow? The problem is that the prices are not merely awards and medals but are aspects of power woven into our lives: it was once and future Nobelists who built the nuclear bombs that still hang fatefully over us; Nobelists now play an important part in public and military policy.
It is also true that the Nobel Prizes show modern fame: the Nobel Prize pays honor to some of the highest human adventures in nature and matter, creativity and justice. Where else, moreover, can both the unfamed and the general public find a replacement for the authority and coherence, to whatever degree, the Nobel has come to possess? In a world and age as inwardly fractured as ours this is a question not lightly dismissed.
第21题
The Nobel has become a problematic part of modern history because ______.
A.it reflects the modern world and results in many follow-up questions
B.it dismisses authority and coherence
C.the standard for the prize is unclear and arouses many questions
D.the prize cannot be seen as a driving force for social development
第22题
Which of the following statements is true about the Nobel Prize?
A.The prizes need to be diversified.
B.The prizes are unexpected to the winners.
C.The prize manifests authority and coherence.
D.Prejudice does not exist among the panel of judges any longer.
第23题
The author´s attitude towards Nobel Prize is______.
A.ambiguous
B.negative
C.objective
D.critical
第24题
The word "fractured" (Line 5, Paragraph 4) probably imply that______.
A.alienation is seen as one of the problems of modern world
B.people are stratified and separated by modern technology
C.the Nobel Prize is accepted by people from all walks of life
D.the world is diversified and Nobel does not necessarily mean authority
第25题
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.The Authority of Nobel
B.On the Glory of Nobel
C.Nobel and the Modern World
D.A mirror of Modern Culture
上一题下一题
(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Directions :
Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Psychologists have known for a century that individuals vary in their cognitive ability. But are some groups, like some people, reliably smarter than others? In order to answer that question, we grouped 697 volunteer participants into teams of two to five members. Each team worked together to complete a series of short tasks, which were selected to represent the varied kinds of problems that groups are called upon to solve in the real world. One task involved logical analysis, another brainstorming; others emphasized coordination, planning and moral reasoning. Individual intelligence, as psychologists measure it, is defined by its generality: People with good vocabularies, for instance, also tend to have good math skills, even though we often think of those abilities as distinct. The results of our studies showed that this same kind of general intelligence also exists for teams. On average, the groups that did well on one task did well on the others, too. In other words, some teams were simply smarter than others.
We found the smartest teams were distinguished by three characteristics. First, their members contributed more equally to the team´s discussions, rather than letting one or two people dominate the group. Second, their members scored higher on a test called Reading the Mind in the Eyes, which measures how well people can read complex emotional states from images of faces with only the eyes visible. Finally, teams with more women outperformed teams with more men. This last effect, however, was partly explained by the fact that women, on average, were better at "mindreading" than men.
In a new study, we replicated these earlier findings. We randomly assigned each of 68 teams to complete our collective intelligence test in one of two conditions. Half of the teams worked face to face. The other half worked online, with no ability to see any of their teammates. We wanted to see whether groups that worked online would still demonstrate collective intelligence, and
whether social ability would matter as much when people communicated purely by typing messages into a browser.
And they did. Online and off, some teams consistently worked smarter than others. More surprisingly, the most important ingredients for a smart team remained constant regardless of its mode of interaction: members who communicated a lot, participated equally and possessed good emotion-reading skills.
第26题
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that______.
A.some groups are really smarter than others
B.the 697 volunteer participants need to complete a series of short tasks together
C.the selected short tasks must have practical significance
D.logical analysis and brainstorming are important in each task
第27题
According to psychologists, individual intelligence______.
A.is characterized by generality
B.is related to math skills
C.is not related to teams
D.is key to smarter teams
第28题
According to the author, the characteristics of smarter teams include all the following EXCEPT ______.
A.the members have relatively equal contribution to the team´ s discussions
B.the members have a higher IQ
C.the members have a stronger ability of reading complex facial expressions
D.there are more female members than other teams
第29题
In a new study, the other half of people work online because______.
A.it´ s necessary to ensure the accuracy of the experiment
B.online collaboration is becoming more and more important
C.the experimenters want to see whether collective intelligence will be showed
D.the experimenters want to prove social ability is vital to every team
第30题
The best title for the passage may be______.
A.How to Develop a Smarter Team
B.Why Some Teams Are Smarter Than Others
C.The Characteristics of Smarter Team
D.What Factors can Affect a Team
上一题下一题
(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Directions :
Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Many of the tech industry´s biggest companies, like Amazon, Google, IBM and Microsoft, are jockeying to become the leader for artificial intelligence(A.I.). In the industry´s term, the
companies are engaged in a "platform war."
A platform, in technology, is essentially a piece of software that other companies build on and that consumers cannot do without. Become the platform and huge profits will follow. Microsoft dominated personal computers because its Windows software became the center of the consumer software world. Google has come to dominate the Internet through its ubiquitous search bar. If true believers in A.I. are correct that this long-promised technology is ready for the mainstream, the company that controls A.I. could steer the tech industry for years to come. "Whoever wins this race will dominate the next stage of the information age," said Pedro Domingos, a machine learning specialist and the author of "The Master Algorithm," a 2015 book that contends that A.I. and big-data technology will remake the world.
In this fight—no doubt in its early stages—the big tech companies are engaged in tit-for-tat publicity stunts, circling the same start-ups that could provide the technology pieces they are missing and, perhaps most important, trying to hire the same brains. Fei-Fei Li, a Stanford University professor who is an expert in computer vision, said one of her Ph.D. candidates had an offer for a job paying more than $1 million a year, and that was only one of four from big and small companies.
For years, tech companies have used man-versus-machine competitions to show they are making progress on A.I. In 1997, an IBM computer beat the chess champion Garry Kasparov. Five years ago, IBM went even further when its Watson system won a three-day match on the television trivia show "Jeopardy!" Today, Watson is the centerpiece of IBM´s A.I. efforts.
By 2020, the market for machine learning applications will reach $40 billion, IDC, a market research firm, estimates. And 60 percent of those applications, the firm predicts, will run on the platform software of four companies—Amazon, Google, IBM and Microsoft. Intelligent software applications will become commonplace, said Jeff Dean, a computer scientist who oversees Google´s A.I. development. "And machine learning will touch every industry."
第31题
The reason for Microsoft controlling personal computers is that______.
A.it has formed a good platform
B.its software has gained a lot of money
C.its Windows software became popular among consumers
D.its software has been widely used in search bar
第32题
Google can steer the tech industry in the future on premise that______.
A.it has controlled the Internet
B.A.I. has prepared to be the mainstream
C.it has won in the information age
D.A.I. and big-data technology have become mature
第33题
The text takes "Fei-Fei Li" as an example in Paragraph 3 to show that______.
A.the competition between tech companies is fierce
B.the candidates from famous universities are more popular
C.the higher the pay is, the more likely the candidate is to accept the offer
D.perhaps tech companies are striving for the same talents
第34题
In which way the tech companies have used to show their progress?
petitions between men and machines.
B.Chess games.
shows.
D.The profitability of new products.
第35题
What´s the author´ s attitude towards the future of A.I.?
A.Negative.
B.Positive.
C.Unclear.
D.Indifferent.
上一题下一题
(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Directions :
Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi -paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises. Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife´ s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising a family´ s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family´ s financial and emotional stability. Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.
Also, a major part of women´s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the Capacity to exercise power within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.
第36题
The word "portend"(Sentence 1, Para. 1)is closest in meaning to "______".
A.defy
B.signal
C.suffer from
D.result from
第37题
It is said in the passage that when the economy slides,______.
A.men would choose working women as their marriage partners
B.more women would get married to seek financial security
C.even working women would worry about their marriages
D.more people would prefer to remain single for the time being
第38题
If women find fulfillment through work outside the home,______.
A.they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners
B.their husbands are expected to do more housework
C.their marriage ties can be strengthened
D.they tend to put their career before marriage
第39题
One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that______.
A.they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
B.they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands
C.they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations
D.they tend to suspect their husbands´ loyalty to their marriage
第40题
Which of the following statements can best summarize the author´s view in the passage?
A.The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country.
B.Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.
C.In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent.
D.The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.
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(41~45/共5题)Part B
Directions :
Read the following tert and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the state ment is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
[A]Think about how your attitude change will affect your life
[B]Look for a role model
[C]Be clear about your traits
[D]Identify and understand what you want to change
[E]Believe that you are able to change
[F]Get rid of the pessimistic friends
[G]Choose the right company
"Our attitude toward life determines life´s attitude towards us." We´ve all heard about the power of our attitude, and that it´s our attitude that determines how much we succeed in life.
If you look around you, you will see that people with a positive attitude enjoy life more and are generally happier and more successful than those who walk around grumpy and pessimistic. Our attitude is the driving force in our lives—it can either push you to do great things or pull you down to your demise.
All the things that you have been through, all the people you have met and interacted with can have an impact on your attitude. If you think that all these factors have molded you into a person with a poor attitude towards life, there is no need to worry as there is always an opportunity for change. Let me share with you how I did it.
__41__
The first step towards change is clearly understanding what needs to be changed. Setting clear goals is the key to success in any endeavor. When it comes to changing your attitude, you need to do an honest and in-depth self-evaluation so you could point out exactly which of your traits need to be improved or totally changed.
__42__
We all need to know that what we´re trying to accomplish can in fact be achieved; that we can be more optimistic, more social or more patient. Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have, and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards becoming a better person.
__43__
To be able to overcome all the difficulties that lie ahead of you in your journey towards self betterment, you need to figure out exactly what this supposed change could bring to your life. Will changing your attitude mean a happier family or social life? Will a change in your attitude mean a more successful career or business? Fix your mind on the things that would come as a result of your attitude change and you will have a greater chance of reaching your goal.
__44__
As they say, "Bad company corrupts good character." You don´ t expect yourself to be able to change if you go on surrounding yourself with people who possess all the negative traits that you want to change. Consider befriending new people, especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life. You will see that your effort to change will be easier with these kinds of people as friends.
__45__
Often, the greatest obstacle between us and our goals is ourselves or our inability to trust in what we are able to do. If you don´t believe in yourself or believe that you or your life can change, it just won´t happen—you will either never start, or give up quickly so you won´t have even given yourself the opportunity to succeed.
It cannot be denied that a positive attitude is very important for living a successful and satisfying life, so it is only right to strive to have a positive attitude.
第41题
第42题
第43题
第44题
第45题
上一题下一题
(1/1)Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
第46题
For a child, happiness has a magical quality. I remember making hide-outs in newly cut hay, playing cops and robbers in the woods,getting a speaking part in the school play. For adults, happiness is complicated. As far as I am concerned, happiness is "the capacity for enjoyment". The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It´ s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health.
While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever. Happiness isn´t about what happens to us; it´ s about how we perceive what happens to us. It´ s the knack of finding a positive for every negative, and viewing a set-back as a challenge. It´ s not wishing for what we don´ t have, but enjoying what we do possess.
_____________
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(1/1)Section Writing
Part A
第47题
Suppose you have damaged your friend´ s computer when you lived in his house a few days ago. Write him a letter to
1)make an apology, and
2)suggest a solution.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points)
____________
上一题下一题
(1/1)Part B
第48题
Write an essay based on the following pie chart. In your writing, you should
1)interpret the chart, and
2)give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
图片
_______________上一题交卷
交卷
答题卡
答案及解析
(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
A new economics paper has some old-fashioned advice for people navigating the stresses of life: Find a spouse who is also your best friend. Social scientists have long known that __1__ people tend to be happier, but they debate whether that is because marriage causes happiness or simply because happier people are more__2__ to get married. The new paper, __3__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, controlled for pre-marriage happiness levels. It__4__that being married makes people happier and more satisfied __5__ their lives than those who remain single—particularly during the most stressful periods, like __6__ crises.
Even as fewer people are marrying, the disadvantages of remaining single have broad__7__. It´s important__8__marriage is increasingly a force behind inequality.__9__marriages are more common among educated, high-income people, and increasingly out of reach for those who are not. That divide appears to__10__not just people´s income and family stability, but also their happiness and stress levels.
A quarter of today´s young adults will have never married by 2030, which would be the highest__11__in modern history, according to Pew Research Center.__12__both remaining unmarried and divorcing are more common among less-educated, lower-income people.__13__, high-income people still marry at high rates and are less likely to divorce.
Those whose lives are most difficult could__14__most from marriage, according to the economists who wrote the new paper, John Helliwell and Shawn Grover. "Marriage may be most important when there is that stress in life and when things are going__15__," Mr. Grover said.
__16__ marital happiness long outlasted the honeymoon period.__17__some social scientists have argued that happiness levels are innate, so people return to their natural level of well-being__18__joyful or upsetting events, the researchers found that the benefits of marriage persist. One__19__for that might be the role of friendship within marriage. Those who__20__their spouse or partner to be their best friend get about twice as much life satisfaction from marriage as others, the study found.
第1题
A.single
B.engaged
C.married
D.divorced
参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：此处意为“社会科学家向来知道，______人士往往更幸福”。

空格后面的because marriage causes happiness暗示此处应为“已婚人士”。

故C.married符合题意，为正确答案。

single“单身的”，engaged“订婚的”，divorced“离婚的”均不符合题意，故排除。

第2题
A.eager
B.likely
C.easy
D.excited
参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：此处意为“但对于这是因为婚姻带来了幸福，还是越幸福的人越______走进婚姻，他们意见不一”。

be more likely to为固定搭配，意为“更可能”，符合题意，故B.likely 为正确答案。

be more eager to“更盼望，渴望”；easy要构成比较级前面不加more，直接用easier 就可以；be more excited to“更兴奋”均不符合题意，故排除。

第3题
A.made
B.studied
C.found
D.published
参考答案： D 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：此处意为“美国国家经济研究局新近______的一篇论文，将婚前的幸福水平作为控制变量”。

论文当然是被“发布，发表”，故D.published为正确答案。

made“制作”，不与paper搭配：studied前面通常加研究结果；found前面亦加发现事物或研究观点。

故此三项均不符合题意，排除。

第4题
A.denied
B.concluded
C.doubted
D.imagined
参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：此处意为“文章的______是，婚姻使人们比孑然一身者更幸福……”。

it指代上一句的主语The new paper，故B.concluded“得出结论；推论出”符合题意，为正确答案。

deny“否认”，doubt“怀疑”，imagine“想象”均不符合题意，故排除。

第5题
A.with
B.from
C.by
D.in
参考答案： A 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：此处意为“文章的结论是，婚姻使人们比孑然一身者更幸福，对生活更______”。

satisfied with为固定搭配，意为“对……满意”，符合题意，故A.with为正确答案。

其他三个介词均不符合题意，故排除。

第6题
A.financial
B.midlife
C.academic
D.quarterlife
参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：此处意为“……特别是在压力最大的时期，如______危机”。

联系上下文，可知，本文主要围绕“婚姻与幸福”展开论述，再结合本段具体内容，可推知the most stressful pe riods应指“人生阶段中压力最大的时期”，处于中年时期的人不仅要赡养老人，还要照顾妻儿，是公认的压力最大的时期，故B.midlife“中年”为正确答案。

financial“财政的，金融的”，academic“学术的”，quarterlife“四分之一人生，青年”不符合题意，故排除。

第7题
A.necessities
B.transmissions
C.implications
D.significances。