人教版高中英语选修八:阶段质量检测(二)
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2020-2021学年人教版高中英语选修八:阶段质量检测(二)学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
一、阅读选择
Within five years, a woolly mammoth (猛犸象)will likely be cloned, according to scientists who have just recovered well-preserved bone marrow (骨髓) in a mammoth bone.
Russian scientist Siemyon Grigoriev and his colleagues are now analyzing the marrow, which they obtained from the mammoth, found in Siberian soil. Grigoriev and his team, along with colleagues from Japan, have announced that they will start a joint research project aimed at recreating the enormous mammal, which went extinct around 10,000 years ago. Mammoths used to be a common sight in North America and Eurasia. Many of our distant ancestors probably had regular face-to-face encounters with the elephant-like giants.
The key to cloning the woolly mammoth is to replace the nuclei of egg cells from an elephant with those extracted from the mammoth’s cells. Doing this, according to the researchers, can result in embryos with the mammoth’s DNA.That has actually been known for a while.
What have been missing are the woolly mammoth’s nuclei with undamaged genes. Scientists have been on a search for such nuclei since the late 1990s. Now it sounds like the missing genes may have been found.
In the course, global warming may be responsible for the breakthrough. Warmer temperatures tied to global warming have melted ground in eastern Russia that is almost always permanently frozen. As a result, researchers have found a fair number of well-preserved frozen mammoths there, including the one that produced the bone marrow.
Is it such a good idea, however, to clone animals that have long been extinct? For a while there has been some discussion of a real-life Jurassic Park setup containing such animals. Introducing these beasts into existing ecosystems could be like bringing in a potentially invasive species that would try to fill some space presently held by other animals. Even if the cloned animals were contained in special parks, there could still be a risk of spreading.
So if the woolly mammoth is successfully cloned sooner rather than later, we’d probably be left with more questions and arguments than answers, at least in the short term.
1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.How to clone a woolly mammoth
B.The woolly mammoth — an ancient species
C.The research made by Russian and Japanese scientists
D.A woolly mammoth to be cloned
2.Which of the following can be the key factor in cloning a mammoth?
A.To find a living mammoth in North America or Eurasia.
B.To use nuclei from a mammoth’s egg cells to replace the nuclei in an elephant’s egg cells. C.To find out when and where woolly mammoths lived on the earth.
D.To find out if ancient mammoths are distant ancestors of today’s elephants.
3.Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude towards the future of cloning a mammoth?
A.Uncertain. B.Indifferent.
C.Positive. D.Disappointed.
4.From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A.some other extinct species have been cloned successfully
B.the mammoth used to be a very common species
C.the clone of mammoths should be banned by law
D.a woolly mammoth will be successfully cloned this year
B
An extinct mountain goat that was once common in the Pyrenees became the first animal to be brought back from extinction.Researchers used frozen DNA to produce a clone,but the newborn kid died within minutes of birth due to breathing difficulties.
The Pyrenean ibex is a type of mountain goat,which is believed to have died out completely in 2000.Before the death of the last known individual (a 13-year-old female known as Celia),biologists took cells from her skin and ears,which were frozen in liquid nitrogen (氮).An earlier cloning attempt to use the skin cells failed.But the latest attempt involved the creation of 439 cloned embryos (胚胎).Of these cloned embryos,57 were put into the female domestic goats,but only one goat gave birth and the newborn cloned kid died after seven
minutes as a result of lung disease.
Researchers say that other cloned animals,including sheep,have been born with similar lung disease,but they say that overall the experiment was a major step forward in the effort to bring the ibex back to its mountain home.The leading researcher Jose Folch
says,“The cloned kid was geneti cally like the ibex.In species such as the ibex,cloning is the only possibility to avoid its complete disappearance.”
The failure to produce a living clone from DNA that was frozen only fifteen years ago shows the difficulty researchers would face in trying to bring back species that have been extinct for decades or centuries. Researchers have had the idea of bringing back the Tasmanian tiger, which went extinct in 1936. There are,however, other species that have been seriously suggested for cloning, such as the giant panda, the African bongo antelope, the Sumatran tiger and the pygmy hippo. Supporters believe cloning provides hope of keeping these endangered animals alive before they die out.
5.What do we know about the cloned ibex?
A.It died of lung disease.
B.It was the first cloned animal in the world.
C.It lived for thirteen years.
D.It was born in 2000.
6.We can conclude from the passage that ________.
A.cloning has developed quickly in developed countries
B.no more animals will die out in the future
C.cloning makes it possible to preserve endangered species
D.cloning seldom results in physical problems for animals
7.What’s the best title for this passage?
A.Great advancement in cloning goats
B.Difficulties in saving extinct animals
C.Public concerns about cloning
D.Cloning brought back an extinct species for a while
8.In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage? A.Society. B.Sports.
C.Amusement. D.Science.
Most parents in Britain log onto social networking sites like Facebook to spy on what their children are doing, a study has found. Figures showed that nearly 55% of parents thought of snooping_around on their children’s profiles (基本信息) to see what they are up to. They did it to avoid having “awkward conversations” with the children but nearly a quarter admitted it was the only way they could find out about their lives.
Websites like Facebook and MySpace along with microblogging site Twitter have become popular among teenagers and children. Figures from the Office for National Statistics show that last year among 16 to 24-year-olds,75% posted messages on them. The majority of 13 to
16yearolds have more than 100 “friends” on Facebook while more than 750,000 are using the website below the age limit, which is 13.
Experts and parents however have expressed anxiety about how they can monitor what the young are up to when they go online. Almost one in 20 mothers and fathers even log on with a friend’s account to avoid detection and gain better access to their children’s profi les.
While 55% said they did spy on their children, 40% said they did not, but the remaining 5% said they would do if they knew how.
Some 41% monitor their children’s status updates and 39% look at their “wall”, which is where they and friends can write things. Just under one third, 29%, looked at pictures their children had uploaded (上传).
When asked why they behaved like they did, 6% of parents blamed their “overprotective” instincts (本能) and 14% admitted they were just being curious.
9.What do the underli ned words “snooping around” probably mean?
A.Posting messages freely.
B.Investigating secretly.
C.Moving around casually.
D.Communicating easily.
10.According to the passage, what makes experts and parents worried?
A.What children write in their profiles.
B.Whom the children would make friends with.
C.Why teenagers like posting messages online.
D.How they can monitor children’s online behavior.
11.According to the study, ________.
A.more than one third parents monitor their children’s status updates
B.uploading pictures is bringing children great danger
C.most parents are against making net friends
D.few parents know what “wall” is
12.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A.Experts and parents want to know what the young do online.
B.People younger than 13 are not allowed to use Facebook in Britain.
C.Under one third of parents looked at pictures their children had uploaded.
D.About 25% of parents have many ways to find out about their children’s lives.
If he’d survived his sudden illness in 1990, Jim Henson might be turning 79 years old on September 24, 2015. He would probably still be at work. We can only guess where his imagination would have taken him — and us —in the 25 years we missed. There’s no doubt that he would have broken new ground, for Henson was a never-stopping innovator (创新者).His long career began far back in 1955, when he created Sam and Friends for a Washington D.C.television station. The programmes were just five minutes long and scheduled in the no-m an’sland between afternoon and evening programming. Yet the show won an Emmy for best local entertainment programme in 1958.
When it ended in 1961, Henson struggled to find work. He could only get brief appearances on other programmes like The Tonight Show and Saturday Night Live. Only in 1976 did a British producer finally give Henson the green light to start a full-scale television show. The Muppet Show was produced and broadcast in Great Britain before finally arriving on prime time (黄金时间) US televisio n. The network continued to identify it as a children’s programme, though the programme won a wide following of adult viewers.
One reason for its appeal to grown-ups was the obvious skill in catching the imagination. Henson’s talent was so great that it’s difficult to think of Kermit or Miss Piggy as nothing more than piles of cloth when they aren’t being operated. But Henson himself never forgot how much work went into creating his characters.
Way back in his early days, Henson created Kermit the Frog. His body was made from a green coat his mother had thrown away and his eyes were two halves of a ping-pong ball. Over the years, his shape became more expressive. “Kermit is the character through whose eyes the audience is viewing the show. He’s a nice guy,” Henson said.
13.Which of the following programmes marked the start of Jim Henson’s career?
A.The Tonight Show. B.Sam and Friends.
C.Saturday Night Live. D.The Muppet Show.
14.It can be inferred from the passage that Miss Piggy was ________.
A.a character Jim Henson created
B.Jim Henson’s close friend
C.a television programme
D.Kermit’s girlfriend
15.From the passage, we can infer that ________.
A.it was easy for Jim to create his characters
B.Jim Henson died of illness at the age of 54
C.the Muppet Show was broadcast in the US first
D.the programme Sam and Friends was not popular locally
Back in the old days, there were three wise men in ancient Greece. These three wise men were from three different generations. Socrates was the oldest of the three. He passed his knowledge to his student, Plato, who then passed it on to Aristotle. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were all great philosophers (哲学家). Together, their schools of thought have since become the foundation of Western philosophy.
Aristotle was born in 384 BC.His father, Nicomachus, was a doctor to the king of Macedonia. As the son of a doctor, Aristotle was no stranger to science. Growing up, he learned quite a lot about medicine and biology from his father. Later, after Nicomachus passed away, he was sent to study in Plato’s Academy in Athens. Aristotle was about eighteen years old then.
Plato’s Academy was Europe’s first university. It offered courses on various subjects. Shortly after Aristotle began his study there, he devoted himself to learning everything on the curriculum. He soon proved himself an excellent student. Because of his wide range of interests, Aristotle never limited his range of education. As a result, he became the leading expert in many fields. Philosophy was simply one of them. Aristotle was in the Academy for nearly 20 years. He first joined as a student and then stayed on as a teacher. By the time that Plato died around 347 BC, Aristotle had already built up a very good name for himself. However, he did not get the job as the head of the Academy. That post went to Plato’s nephew. Some people believed that Aristotle felt angry at the choice. But there is no proof to that theory. Regardless of what he had truly felt, Aristotle decided to leave Athens. So in 347 BC, he quit the Academy
and went to work for Hermeias, ruler of Atarneus, in Asia Minor (today’s Turkey). Aristotle was not alone in this time. He and another Academy member, Xenocrates, who was also a famous philosopher, founded the Assus Academy. They taught there for several years. During his stay in Atarneus, Aristotle was on very good terms with Hermeias. He even married the man’s niece, Pythias. Interestingly, when Aristotle later wrote his famous book, Politics, he said that the ideal ages for marriage was 37 for the husband and 18 for the wife. Given that Aristotle was 37 years old at the time, it is very likely that Pythias was 18.
16.Which of the following is NOT a philosopher?
A.Socrates. B.Xenocrates.
C.Plato. D.Nicomachus.
17.What’s the right order of the f ollowing events?
a.Socrates passed his knowledge to his student, Plato.
b.Aristotle was sent to Plato’s Academy.
c.Aristotle wrote his famous book, Politics.
d.Aristotle learned about medicine and biology from his father.
e.Plato died.
A.a, c, b, d, e B.a, d, b, e, c
C.d, a, c, b, e D.b, a, e, c, d
18.According to the passage we can know in Plato’s Academy________.
A.students were provided with only a few subjects at that time
B.Aristotle worked hard but he was still not famous
C.Aristotle didn’t have a ver y good time for 20 years
D.Aristotle was not only a student but also became a teacher
19.The passage mainly tells us ________.
A.some information about Aristotle
B.three wise men in ancient Greece
C.the foundation of Western philosophy
D.Europe’s first university
♦Yuanxiao, Chinese Lantern Festival
The Lantern Festival is celebrated on the 15th of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar. The festival ends the New Year’s celebration. It is a fun festival. People carry lanterns
and go into the streets at night to watch lion or dragon dances, play games and light firecrackers. Yuanxiao, a sweet dumpling made of rice flour, is the traditional food eaten during the festival. In Chinese, the festival is named after this food, which is said to represent family unity and happiness because it is sticky (粘的), round and sweet.
♦The Dai Water-Splashing Festival
The Dai minority in Yunnan celebrate the Water-Splashing Festival in the middle of April. The festival celebrates the Dai Lunar New Year and lasts for three days. There are dragon races and fireworks displays on the first day and a fair on the second day. At the fair, young lovers throw love pouches to each other. The third day is the actual water-splashing day, people splash water on each other to wash away illnesses and bad luck and bring good luck for the coming year.
♦Losar
Losar is a Tibetan word for New Year.“Lo” means “year” and “sar” means “new”. As the most popular festival among Tibetans, it is celebrated from the first day in the first month to the fifteenth day based on the traditional Tibetan calendar.
On the last day of the year, people clean their houses and prepare for the festival. On the first day of the New Year, Tibetan women usually wake up early at about 5 o’clock, and prepare for a special kind of barley wine for the family which have tsamba (糌粑), brown sugar, and milk dregs (渣). The whole family have to drink the wine in their beds and then continue to sleep, while the housewives sit in front of their windows, waiting for the sunrise. As soon as they see the sun rays in the east, they go to the well for the first bucket of water in the New Year. It is said that water in the well is the freshest and sweetest at this time and the family who get the lucky water earliest will be the most fortunate.
20.People eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival because ________.
A.it is the traditional food and has its symbolic meaning
B.it is delicious and easy to be made
C.it is sticky, round and sweet
D.it is made of rice flour
21.What can we know from Paragraph 2 about the word “fair”?
A.Young people splash water on each other at the fair.
B.It is the time when young people have meetings.
C.Young people find their lovers there.
D.Young people sing and dance there to celebrate the festival.
22.How many days does Tibetan Losar last?
A.2 B.3
C.15 D.25
23.The passage is mainly about________.
A.the culture and custom in China
B.the reason why people celebrate festivals
C.several festivals in China
D.the history of three festivals in China
She is widely seen as proof that good looks can last forever. But, at nearly 500 years of age, time is catching up with the Mona Lisa.
The health of the famous picture, painted by Leonardo da Vinci in 1505, is getting worse by the year, according to the Louvre Museum where it is housed.
“The thin, wooden panel on which the Mona Lisa is painted in oil has changed shape since experts checked it two years ago,”the museum said.Visitors have noticed changes, but repairing the world’s most famous painting is not easy.Experts are not sure about the materials the Italian artist used and their current (现在的) chemical state.
Nearly 6 million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, many attracted by the mystery of her smile.“It’s very interesting that when you’re not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then, you look at her and she stops,”said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University.“It’s because direct vision (视觉) is excellent at picking up detail, but less suited to looking at shadows.Da Vinci painted the smile in shadows.”
However, the actual history of the Mona Lisa is just as mysterious as the smile.Da Vinci himself loved it so much that he always carried it with him, until it was eventually sold to France’s King Francis Ⅰ in 1519.
In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre Museum by a former employee, who took it out of the museum hidden under his coat.He said he planned to return it to Italy.The painting was sent back to France two years later.
During World War Ⅱ, French men hid the painting in small towns to keep it out of the hands of German forces.
Like many old ladies, the Mona Lisa has some interesting stories to tell.
24.The underlined sentence in the first paragraph means the Mona Lisa________.
A.is losing its value
B.is being damaged after so many years
C.is getting more valuable with years passing
D.will rot away
25.The smile of the Mona Lisa can only be seen ________.
A.by indirect vision B.at a distance
C.by direct vision D.in shadows
26.From the last paragraph, we can infer that ________.
A.many interesting stories have been written about the Mona Lisa
B.people are interested in the stories about the Mona Lisa
C.some mysteries still remain to be solved about the Mona Lisa
D.many more stories will be told about the Mona Lisa
27.Experts haven’t had any repairs on the Mona Lisa because ________.
A.it is now in a poor chemical state
B.they don’t know how to replace the wooden panel
C.they don’t have the materials Da Vinci used
D.they are afraid it will be done further damage
Northern California’s national parks appear pure and clean, almost untouched. But scientists are finding that there is more to this wild area than one can see. Even in the deep forests and on the mountain tops, animals may be poisoned by pesticides (杀虫剂) used in valley farms far below.
Researchers with the United States Geological Survey (美国地质勘探局) are working late into the night. They are searching for and catching frogs in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada. The Pacific chorus frog (拟蝗蛙) breeds in the high mountains just as the snow melts. The pools basically fill with meltwater, and as soon as the ponds melt the chorus frogs begin breeding there. Some Pacific chorus frogs in the mountains of California have tested positive for farming pesticides.
Gary Fellers is a researcher who once worked for the USGS. He and other team members are collecting the frogs to test them for agricultural poisons. No one farms in these forested national parks. However, winds carry chemicals from the Central Valley farming area into the
mountains.
Kelly Smalling was the lead writer of the USGS study. “The decline of amphibians (两栖动物) has been documented for decades and decades. Some populations have gone extinct. And why these populations are declining is still a myst ery.” Ms. Smalling says pesticides could be harming frogs and other amphibians.
The researchers tested pond water and soil from the bottom of the ponds. They were clean or almost free of pesticides. But tests on the bodies of the frogs showed the presence of 12 agricultural pesticides.
The concentration on the frog becomes greater than the concentration that is present on the water or some other part of the environment. Kelly Smalling says the next step is to find a way to deal with the pollution. “The fi rst thing we need to do is understand how these chemicals that we’re finding harm the frogs. We have to understand the problem before we can fix it.”28.Animals in Northern California’s national parks ________.
A.are well protected
B.are killed by air pollution
C.are harmed by pesticides
D.will be sent to the farms in the valley
29.According to the text, the Pacific chorus frogs ________.
A.breed when it snows
B.are only found in the ocean
C.are studied by the scientists
D.are free from the farming pesticides
30.What will the researchers do next?
A.Keep the pond clean.
B.Deal with the pollution.
C.Find new homes for the frogs.
D.Search for and catch the frogs.
二、七选五
Four Goals for Perfect Life
Healthy and Fit
The first goal common to all of us is health and energy. 31.Today, with the incredible
advances in medical science, the quality of our health and fitness, and our lifespan(寿命), is largely determined by design, not by chance. People with excellent health habits are far healthier, have more energy, and live longer and better than people who have poor health habits.
Excellent Relationships
32.Fully 85% of your happiness will be determined by the quality of your relationships at each stage, and in each area, of your life. How well you get along with people, and how much they like, love and respect you, has more impact on the quality of your life than perhaps any other factor.
Do What You Love
The third common goal is to do work that we enjoy, to do it well, and to be well paid for it. 33.You want to earn the very most that is possible for you at each stage of your career, whatever you do.
34.
The fourth goal we all have in common is to achieve financial independence. 35.You want to be completely free of financial worries. You want to be able to order dinner in a restaurant without using the price listings to determine what you want to eat.
A.You don’t want to get the job.
B.Achieve Financial Independence
C.Money is the most important.
D.You want to reach the point in life where you have enough money so that you never have to worry about money again.
E.You want to be able to get and keep the job you want, to get paid more and promoted faster.
F.The second goal that we all have in common is to enjoy excellent relationships — intimate, personal or social — with the people we like and respect, and who like, love and respect us in turn.
G.We all want to be healthy and fit, to have high levels of energy and to live free of pain and illness.
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less
sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.
36.Try the following steps:
Calm yourself. 37.You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.
Don’t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. 38.Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Take the control away from your offender (冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.
39.If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.
Don’t forget to forgive yourself. 40.But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.
A.Why should you forgive?
B.How should you start to forgive?
C.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
D.Try to see things from your offender’s angle.
E.For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F.To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.
G.If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.
三、完形填空
True leadership is not just the ability to identify the talent and skill of the polished individuals around you. It involves being able to dig beneath the surface and discover
41 .
Once there was a boy who constantly sat and talked in his math class, and seemed 42 in group activities. Most teachers would 43 think of him as a problem student.
However, Anna was different. She believed the student was above 44 in other areas so she created a strategy to find out.
Anna didn’t 45 the parents. Instead, she organized a handful of activities in the class to get more information. In place of calling out for volunteers in class she created a 46 for each Friday: Girls VS Boys.
The first week the class was totally 47 . Everyone wanted to win. Even the boy had his hand up the whole time trying to get a turn. 48 , Anna waited, and waited, and waited. Finally the 49 teacher paired the boy with the most 50 girl student in class.
Now the two teams had a 51 score, all the students sat back eager to see the result. As the teacher placed the question on the board, most of the students began to 52 their heads: this was a question they had never 53 in class.
“54 !” the teacher yelled. Both students started doing it 55 thinking of how to solve the complex question. Their classmates, full of 56 , exclaimed, “Hurry, hurry, hurry!”The boy finished it just seconds before the girl and spun around with his 57 raised, “I won!”Almost nobody could believe the student t hey admired failed until Anna
58 the result.
This was what Anna tried to get —it turned out that the student wasn’t bad, he was
59 .
So we can see that 60 hidden abilities is not always easy but the end results can be magical. Try your hand at this quality of leadership now and report your results. 41.A.truth B.treasure C.potential D.motivation
42.A.active B.cautious C.discouraged D.disconnected 43.A.immediately B.appropriately C.abnormally D.scarcely 44.A.limit B.average C.prejudice D.value
45.A.contact B.comfort C.warn D.blame
46.A.dilemma B.debate C.game D.competition
47.A.creative B.noisy C.enthusiastic D.curious
48.A.Yet B.Still C.Somehow D.Therefore
49.A.arbitrary B.wise C.ridiculous D.puzzled
50.A.elegant B.careless C.hard-working D.considerate
51.A.rare B.close C.poor D.different
52.A.turn B.lift C.shake D.nod
53.A.raised B.feared C.overlooked D.covered。