“欧洲文化入门”课程学习指南

“欧洲文化入门”课程学习指南
一、课程基础：
欧洲文化入门是全校外语类选修课程，本课程面向全校文理学生开设，是主要以提高学生的文化素养为主的课程。

二、适应对象：
大学英语完成三级课程学习的本科学生。

三、教学目的：
本课程教学目标为：了解欧洲文化的最基本知识，开阔视野，培养兴趣，促进英语学习。

本课程力图在介绍文化知识的同时，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，从而提高语言能力，以达到充分体现素质教育，全面提高学生的跨文化交际能力，培养学生的综合文化素质，扩展国际视野。

四、内容提要：
本课程的主要内容包括：希腊罗马文化、基督教及其《圣经》、中世纪、文艺复兴和宗教改革、十七世纪、启蒙运动、浪漫主义、马克思主义与达尔文学说、现实主义、现代主义及其它。

由于学时所限，本学期本门课只集中讲述前五个大题的内容。

若学生对本门课感兴趣，想继续学习后五个大题的内容可选修大外应用提高阶段的选修课—欧洲文化入门（下）。

本课程以欧洲文化为语境，培养学生人文知识的底蕴，使学生对西方文化最基本的方面有一定的认识和了解，从而激发语言学习的兴趣、带动英语学习。

五、自主学习授课模式：
基于计算机和课堂的英语多媒体教学模式是为了帮助学生达到大学英语应用提高阶段教学要求所设计的一种新型英语教学模式。

强调个性化教学与自主学习，以及教师可通过课堂进行辅导，传授知识和技能的特点，使学生可在教师的指导下，根据自己的特点、水平、时间，选择合适的学习内容，借助计算机的帮助，迅速提高自己的英语综合实用能力，达到最佳学习效果。

1、教学模式的构成
图一、基于计算机和课堂的英语多媒体教学模式
2、基于计算机的英语学习过程
大学外语应用提高教学阶段各门课程采用“以传统教学模式为主，以网络自主学习模式为辅”的教学模式。

如下图：
图二、基于计算机的英语学习过程
六、自主学习学习方法：
依据建构主义学习理论，在教学中采用自主学习、讨论学习等教学方法，采用学生为主体进行自主学习和训练及教师为主导进行讲授相结合的教学方法。

通过课前预习准备、课堂情景体验、课堂知识归纳、课堂及课后知识和语言运用等四个阶段的教学活动设计，倡导体验式自主学习——以任务型和小组合作、案例教学方法为依托，体验英语语言和文化知识学习的过程，在实践中学，以学习者已有的语言知识及文化知识和经验为整个学习过程的出发点，强调通过学习者积极、主动地参与各种真实目的语中语言、
文化现象和实践活动来学习。

七、自主学习评价
大学英语自主学习强调集诊断性、形成性、终结性评估为一体的评价体系，突出学生的过程性评价、自评与互评，通过课堂活动和课外活动的记录、网上自学记录、学习档案记录、访谈和座谈等形式对学生学习过程进行观察、评估和监督，促进学生有效地学习，有效地提高学生的自主学习能力。

欧洲文化入门
Chapter 1
Ⅰ. Learning Objectives
After learning this chapter you are able to master:
●get to know the historical context of ancient Greece and ancient Rome
●be clear about the great achievements of ancient Greeks and Romans in various fields
such as literature, philosophy, science and art.
●understand the significance and impact of Greek culture and Roman culture.
Ⅱ. Procedures
1.Before studying the chapter, you should talk about the following questions:
●How much do you know about Greece (ancient or modern)?
●Do you know when the first Modern Olympic Games was held?
●Homer was famous for two epics. Do you know what they are?
●There are many famous philosophers in ancient Greece. Could you name some of them?
2.The points to be highlighted:
●Democracy of ancient
●Greece.
● 3 styles of columns in ancient Greek architecture.
●The greatest names in European philosophy
---- Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
3.Study the chapter in detail:
●Greek Culture
The historical context of ancient Greece
Social and political structure of ancient Greece --- focus on politics, economy and sports
Literature, philosophy, science in ancient Greece.
Architecture and sculpture in ancient Greece ---
focus on the three styles of columns and one representative temple -- Parthenon Impact of Greek culture
●Roman Culture
Roman history--- Focus on the important events in roman history.
Romans and Greeks --- Compare and contrast the two peoples
Roman Law ---Focus on the roman people’s contribution in law and its influence
Latin literature--- Focus on the representatives and their writing styles and representative works mainly in prose and poetry
Architecture, painting and sculpture
Supplementation --- a brief introduction on Pompeii & A video show on Pompeii
A summary on Greek culture and Roman Culture --- Go over this part and restate the
important points
4.Practical exercises
●What are the major elements in European culture?
●What were the main features of ancient Greek society?
●What did Homer do? Why is he important in the history of European literature?
●Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did
each of them write?
Ⅲ. Self-assessments:
On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Chapter:
1 2 3 4 5 I could discuss the warm-up questions actively .
1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the chapter.
1 2 3 4 5 I could master the main characters of Greek culture and roman culture .
1 2 3 4 5 I could distinguish the differences between Romans and Greeks.
1 2 3 4 5 I finished the exercises independently.
Chapter 2
Ⅰ. Learning Objectives
After learning this chapter you are able to master:
●be clear about the components and main contents of the Bible
●get to know some famous stories in English Bible
●understand the origin and development of Christianity
●understand the far-reaching influence of the bible to the western culture.
Ⅱ. Procedures
1.Before studying the chapter, you should talk about the following questions:
●Does Christianity influence you in any way?
●Have you ever been to a Christian church?
●Do you know the masterpiece of Da Vinci The Last Supper? Can you tell the story about
it?
2.The points to be highlighted:
●the Old Testament --- about God and the laws of God
●the New Testament --- the doctrine of Jesus Christ
●The Pentateuch --- about the myths of God’s creation of world and the myths of human’s
original ancestors
●At the heart of Christianity is the life of Jesus: How he lived and died to redeem the
whole human race.
●Translation of the Bible
3.Study the chapter in detail:
●General introduction about bible---Focus on the history of Hebrews
●The Old Testament ---- Focus on the components, main contents of each component
and some famous stories in the old testament.
●Rise of Christianity --- Focus on the life of Jesus and the spread of Christianity
●The New Testament--- Focus on the components and famous stories in the New
Testament.
●Translations of the bible --- Focus on the several important versions of bible.
●The impact of bible --- Focus on the influence of bible on various aspects of western
civilization.
4.Practical exercises
●Why do we say the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else
ever written?
●What writings make up the New Testament?
●How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change'?
●What was the Hebrew's major contribution to world civilization?
●Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related?
Ⅲ. Self-assessments:
On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Chapter:
1 2 3 4 5 I could discuss the warm-up questions actively .
1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the chapter.
1 2 3 4 5 I could master the main structure of the bible .
1 2 3 4 5 I could understand the impact of the Bible in western world
1 2 3 4 5 I finished the exercises independently.
Chapter 3
Ⅰ. Learning Objectives
After learning this chapter you are able to master:
●the origin and characters of European feudalism
●the development of Christianity and church organization during this period.
●the great achievements of Europe in medieval times in literature, science, art and
architecture
Ⅱ. Procedures
1.Before studying the chapter, you should talk about the following questions:
●Legends or romances are two attracting stories. We have seen the the films of King
Arthur and Robin Hood. Can you say something about these two famous films?
●Y ou must have ever heard of “the middle ages”. Do you know which period of history
does it refer to in European history?
2.The points to be highlighted:
●During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only
organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.
●Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds of years. It
shaped people’s lives. That is why the Middle Ages is also called the “Age of Faith”
●Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding --- a system of holding land
in exchange for military service.
●Code of chivalry: To protect the weak
To fight for the church
To be loyal to his lord
To respect women of noble birth
3.Study the chapter in detail:
●Feudalism in Europe --- Focus on the growth, states and characters of feudalism in
Europe.
●Knighthood and code of chivalry
●The church --- Focus on the organization of church and the power and influence of the
Catholic Church.
●The crusades --- Focus on the cause, process and influence of the crusades.
●Learning and science in Middle Ages.
●Literature in middle ages--- Focus on national epics, Dante and Geoffery Chaucer
●Art and architecture --- Focus on Romanesque and Gothic art
4.Practical exercises
●Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism?
●In what ways did Gothic art differ from Romanesque art?
●What happened in western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire?
●What were the cultural characteristics of the period from 500 to 1000?
Ⅲ. Self-assessments:
On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Chapter:
1 2 3 4 5 I could discuss the warm-up questions actively .
1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the chapter.
1 2 3 4 5 I could master the main characters of middle ages
1 2 3 4 5 I could distinguish the differences between Romanesque and Gothic art
1 2 3 4 5 I finished the exercises independently.
Chapter 4
Ⅰ. Learning Objectives
After learning this chapter you are able to master:
●the historical context of Renaissance and Reformation
●the achievements of Renaissance and Reformation
●some great figures and their representative works in this period
●the great impact of Renaissance and Reformation
●the historical context of Reformation and counter-reformation
●the contents of Reformation and counter-reformation
●the great impact of Reformation and counter-reformation
Ⅱ. Procedures
1.Before studying the chapter, you should talk about the following questions:
●what you know about the Renaissance and Reformation.
2.The points to be highlighted:
●the reasons for the flourishing of Renaissance in Italy.
●The essence of the Renaissance
●the distinct features of the tradition of the Renaissance art
●three predominant figures in the High Renaissance
●the paintings and architectures
3.Study the chapter in detail:
●Renaissance in Italy --- the historical background, the rise of humanism, new
literature, renaissance art, the decline of the Italian renaissance
●Reformation --- Pre-Luther religious reformers, Martin Luther and his doctrine, John
Calvin and Calvinism, Reformation in England, Protestantism and the rise of
capitalism.
●Renaissance in other countries--- Focus on renaissance in France, Spain, England and
the northern Europe such as Netherlands, Flanders, Germany.
●the science and technology during the renaissance --- Focus on geographical
discoveries, astronomy, anatomy, printing, political science and historiography.
4.Practical exercises
●What made Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?
●What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in art
and literature during the Italian Renaissance?
●What are the doctrines of Martin Luther? What was the significance of the
Reformation in European civilization?
●Why did England come later than other countries during the Renaissance? In what
way was English Renaissance different from that of other countries? Who were the
major figures and what were their contributions?
Ⅲ. Self-assessments:
On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Chapter:
1 2 3 4 5 I could discuss the warm-up questions actively .
1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the chapter.
1 2 3 4 5 I could master the main characters of renaissance and reformation.
1 2 3 4 5 I could understand the significance of renaissance and reformation.
1 2 3 4 5 I finished the exercises independently.
Chapter 5
Ⅰ. Learning Objectives
After learning this chapter you are able to master:
●the historical context of The seventeenth Century
●the achievements of science in the seventeenth Century
●some representatives in philosophy, politics and Literature in England
●the Descartes’ theory
●the French classicism
●some great figures and their representative works in baroque art
●the great impact of the seventeenth century
Ⅱ. Procedures
1.Before studying the chapter, you should talk about the following questions:
●Y ou must hav e ever heard of the sentence, “I think, therefore I am.” Do you know who
said it? How much do you know about him?
●What is the feature for the 17th century?
●Do you ever hear those names: Galileo, Newton, Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes?
●When you watch TV, do you hear something about Baroque Art?
2.The points to be highlighted:
●The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the
newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other classes.
●Nicolaus Copernicus --Forerunner of modern science.
●Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion
●Sir Isaac Newton’s Achievements
3.Study the chapter in detail:
●Science in the seventeenth century---Focus on Galileo Galilei and sir Issac Newton
mainly
●The common characters of 17th scientists.
●Philosophy, politics and literature in England --- Focus on Francis Bacon and John
Milton mainly
●Descartes --- Focus on Descartes’ theory of knowledge and his Dualism.
●French Classicism
●Baroque art --- Focus on the characteristics of baroque art, some representative baroque
artists and their achievements.
●Dutch protestant art
●Art and architecture in France.
4.Practical exercises
●What were Galileo's contributions to modern science?
●Why is Newton generally considered to be the greatest scientist that ever lived?
●Why do we say that Bacon was a founder of modern philosophy?
●What is the theme of John Milton's Paradise Lost?
●What are some of the characteristics of Baroque art?
Ⅲ. Self-assessments:
On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Chapter:
1 2 3 4 5 I could discuss the warm-up questions actively .
1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the chapter.
1 2 3 4 5 I could master the achievements of science in the seventeenth Century
1 2 3 4 5 I could understand he great impact of the seventeenth century
1 2 3 4 5 I finished the exercises independently.。