初中英语句型转换详解及试题

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不少单项填空题干是由学生并不那么熟悉的句式构成的,这无形中增加了试题的难度。

要答好这类试题,就必须设法将复杂的、不常见的句式还原成简单的、常见的句式,以便快速地把握句子结构,理解题目意思。

还原的方法归纳起来主要有以下几种:
1.将疑问句还原成陈述句;
2. 将感叹句还原成陈述句;
3.将倒装语序还原成正常语序;
4. 将省略句还原成完整的句子;
5. 将强调句式还原成一般句式;
6.将被动语态还原成主动语态;
7.将复合句还原成简单句。

试做下列各题:
1.Is this factory _______you visited the other day?
A.theone B. that C.where D. when
2. Who didtheteacher_______the article?
A.have written B. have write C. hadwritten D.has writing 3. Is ______you wantto say?
A.thatallB.all thatC.all what D.what
4.Was it___she heard withher ears __really made her frightened?
A. what;that B. because;that C. that;which D. what;/
5. How pleased the Emperor was______ whatthe cheatssaid!A.hearing B. heard C. hear D. tohear
6._______what thesix blind men saidsounded!
A.How foolishlyB.How foolish C.What foolishly D.What foolish
7. To allof you _______honour for the success.
A. belongs to
B. belongto C. belongs D.belong
8. Here isa notebook,in which _______the names of thevisitors.
A. write B.written C. were written D. was written
9. Never _________ she praised______what shedid.
A. did;for B.did; ofC. was;for D.was; of
10.John plays football _______,if notbetter than, David.
A.as well B.as wellas C. so well D. sowellas
11. Could yougiveus the reason why youdidn't do as______? A.were toldB.tobetold C. toldto D. told
12.Itwas_____the oldclock thattheoldmanspent thewholemorningat home.
A. repaired
B.repairingC.to repair D. in repair
13.It was duringthe Liberation War ______ he died.
A. thatB. which C. in which D.when
14. Was it_______yesterday evening_______you met him?
A. on; thatB.on; when C. until; thatD.not until;that 15. The studentsare ______ to handin theexercises before class.
A. wished B.hoped C. agreed D. promised
16. Charles Babbage isgenerally considered______ thefirstcomputer.
A.to invent
B.to have invented C.inventing D.having invented
17.His losteyesightwas_____ by his eversharpening sense ofhearing.
A.made up for B. made up of C. madeuse of D. madeof
18. The blackboard waswiped______.
A.clean B.cleaned C.cleanly D. to becleaned
19.Thecar________she was traveling waslate.
A. which
B. by which C. on which D.inwhich
20.Is this thewatch you wish to_______?
A.repair itB.have repairedit C.have it repairedD.have repaired
21.Would you please pointoutthe mistakes in my composition, if________?
A. anyB.none C.some D. anything
22. Is_______he saiditworthbelieving?
A. allwhat B. whatC.it D. that
23. Whom would you ratherhave_________ withyou this time? A. togo B. go C.gone D. going
24.--- __________ you did?
---No,as a matter of fact, I didn't need to.
A.That iswhatB.What is that C.Isthat what D.Is what that25.________everything he had taken away from him?
A.Was
B.ShouldC. Did D. Had
26. Has everything________ can bedone__________?
A.what; doneB.that; been done C.that; already done D.what; already been done
27. Is thistheschool_______ you visited some foreigners a few months ago?
A. thatB.which C. the oneD. where
28.Where was________the traffic accidenthappenedlast night? A. it that B. itC. theplace that D. theplace
29. Whose eyes________ it that he saw in thedarkness?
A. was
B. were
C.is
D. are
30.Itwas______the neighbours saw catch the thief.
A.him that
B. he thatC.said that D. where
31. Alongthepaths stood somesigns,________ waswritten / !KeepOff TheGrass! /"
A.onwhich B.in which C.whichD.that
32. Rather than________ on a crowded bus, he alwaysprefers_______ a bicycle.
A.ride; ride B.riding; ride C.ride; to ride D.to ride;riding33.They want to seehow civilized(驯化)theanimal can______. A. experience
B. change C. develop D. become
34.________ it snow, the crops wouldgrowbetter.
A.were
B. Were to
C. Should D.Would
35.TheboyI considered________cheatedin theexam.
A.beinghonest
B.tobe honest C.was honestD.that ishonest36.Did_________ on time makeherteacher angry?
A.not to come
B.her not tocome C.hernot comingD.nother coming
[附]强调 1. 英语中表示强调的有强调句型Itis...,that...;It was...that.... 强调句型只有两个时态,即Itis 和It was, 后跟被强调部分,然后用that....被强调的是句子的主语,宾语和状语。

状语可以是副词,
介词短语或从句。

如果被强调的是人,可以用who.例句:A.It was in the morning thatheofte nwent to seehis friend.B.Itis I who amyourclosecomrade-in-arms.
C.Whatis it that you want meto do?
2. 强调用法,只用于肯定句中,用do, does或did加动词原形。

A.Do be hereon time. (千万要准时来呀。

)B.The family didsend himto school. C. He does know all abo ut it.
3. 在否定句中,如果表示强调,多在句尾加at all. 例如: A.Iknow nothing aboutit at all. B.He didn't do his homeworkatall.4.当遇到not ...until...这一句型变成强调句型时,一定要用:It is(was)not until...that....例句: A. It ws not until yesterdaythatIknewhe ws c oming. (I didn'tknow he was coming until yesterday.) B.Itwas notuntil I grew up th at he told me all aboutit.(He didn't tellme anything about it untilI grewup.) C.It i snotuntil six o'clock that he willgo to school.(Hewont'go toschooluntil six o'clock.)
答案及简析:
1.A。

乍看题干,很可能会有学生将this factory当作先行词而误选B或C,但若将题干还原成陈述句,便会清楚地发现句中缺少表语,四个选项中唯有A项可以当表语。

2.选B。

因助动词did后须接动词原形,首先可将C、D排除;再将题干还原成陈述句,这时可发现句中有"hav e+复合宾语"这一结构,而theteacher与write之间系主谓关系,故A也应排除。

3.选A。

将题干还原成陈述句后可知,that充当主语,先行词all以及后面的定语从句作表语。

4.选A。

只要将题干还原成陈述句,便可发现这是一个强调结构,即答案应在A、B之间,根据句子结构和意义较易排除B。

5. 选D。

答题时,肯定会有学生因动词was而选A或B,但若将题干还原成:The Emperor was pleased ______ what the cheats had said. 这一陈述句,便会发现句中有bepleased todo这样一个句型,动词不定式在此充当原因状语。

6.选B。

将题干还原成陈述句后即可清楚地发现空格处充当的是表语。

7. 选C。

答题时,有的学生会误将allof you当作主语而选B或D,但若将题干由倒装语序还原成正常语序:Thehonourforthe success _______to allofyou. 就会发现主语实为抽象名词thehon our,故谓语应用单数。

8.选C。

从句系倒装语序,主语实际上是the names...。

9.选C。

正常语序是She was never praised for whatshedid。

10. 选B。

题干中的插入语部分明显有省略现象,这无形中增加了学生答题的困难,困难之一是搞不清David是主语还是呼语。

但若将省略的部分补回,使题干成为这样一个完整的句子:Johnplays football_____ David does if John does not play betterthatDaviddoes. 便不难看出David 系主语,即答案在B、D 之间,而D项通常用于否定句,应予排除。

11. 选C。

as从句系一省略结构,补全后为:as you were told to do,题干中省略了从句的主语和系动词(不可只省一者),还省略了不定式(省略不定式时,符号to应予保留)。

12. 选B。

只要将该强调句式还原成一般句式,即可看出句中有spendsome time doing sth.这样一个句型。

13.选A。

判断是强调结构,还是含有定语从句的复合句的方法是,将表语代入从句,若句子完整即为强调结构,反之为含有定语从句的复合句。

本句是强调结构。

14. 选D。

还原后的陈述句为: Notuntil yesterday evening did you meet him. (=Youdidn't meethim until yesterdayevening.)
15.选A。

看到该题,有的学生会认为四个选项似乎都可选用,因为这四个动词均能接动词不定式,但只要我们将原句改为主动语态便会发现空格后接的是sb to do这样一个复合结构,四个动词中唯有wished 能接这样的结构。

16. 选B。

还原成主动句后可知,句中有consider(认为)sbtodo 这样一个句型。

而选项A根据动作的先
后关系不难排除。

17.选A。

将原句还原成主动句后可以更准确地把握主、宾语之间的逻辑关系。

本题只有选make upfor(弥补),句子才合乎逻辑。

18. 选A。

还原成主动句可以更清楚地看出空格处是补语,应选用形容词clean来充当。

19. 选D。

答题时,学生一般都能很快排除A,因为travel与the car 之间并不存在动宾关系;亦能排除C,因为in、on两个介词中,car通常只与前者搭配;而在剩下的两个选项中,却极容易误选B,为什么B 是错误的呢?为便于理解,我们不妨将题干先转换为这样两个简单句:She was traveling_____the car.(car前的冠词不可丢,因为题干中的关系代词which d意义上等同于先行词the car。

)Thecar waslate.由于bycar系习语,car前不能加入冠词,故空格处只能填in.
20. 选D。

先将复合句还原成两个简单句:Is thisthe watch? Youwishtohaveit repaired. 不难发现it 指代的是the watch,而在定语从句中,it的句法作用已被关系代词(尽管已经省略)所替代,故应将it 舍去,以免重复。

同学们,通过以上典型试题的分析与讲练,请同学们再分析剩下的练习。

21---36:ADBCA BDAAAACDCB C
同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型,其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子,第一句完整,第二句中设有几处空格,要求考生填入适当的词或词组,使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。

它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识,要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子,使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。

通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析,我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面:
一、运用同义词(组)进行转换
用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换,注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。

如:
1. That day we could see flowers here and there.
That daywecould seeflowers__________.
分析:答案为everywhere。

everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。

2.The teacheralwaystakesgoodcare ofthe children inthe school.ﻫThe teacher always_______ ______the childrenwell in the school.
分析:答案为looks after。

take good care of与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。

二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换
即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思,主要考查学生对反义词(词组)的积累和换位思维的能力。

如:ﻫ1.It’sclear thatthis visitis different from last time.
It’s clear that thisvisit is notthe______last time.
分析:答案为same as。

be different from意为“与……不同”;thesame as意为“与……相同”,其否定式与be different from同义。

2.I think wealth isless important than health.
I___ think wealthis___important than health.
分析:答案为don’t,more。

less important的意思是“没有(不及)……重要”;more important 的意思是“(比)……更重要”,该结构与not连用,则表示“不比……更重要”。

另外,有的反义词即使不与否定词连用,而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。

如:
He lent some moneyto hisfriend.ﻫHe friend ___somemoney ___hi m.ﻫ分析:答案为borrowed,from。

borrow…from意为“向……借……”;lend…to意为“把……借给……”。

两个结构意思相反,但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置,则可转换为同义句。

三、运用不同语态进行转换
即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词,但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。

如:ﻫ1.Ever yone should givebackhis library books on time.ﻫLibrary books should____
____ ____ on time.ﻫ分析:答案为be given back。

被动句中含有情态动词should,因此助动词用be。

2. It is widelyaccepted that more peopleusecomputers inthe world today.
Computers____widely ___ inthe world today.
分析:答案为are,used。

computers是复数名词,助动词用are。

四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换
即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换,此时往往会涉及时态的变化。

如:1 ﻫ. The manager left two hours ago.
The manager_________ ____for two hours.
分析:答案为has beenaway。

leave为非延续性动词,不能与fortwo hours这样的一段时间连用,而改成be away这样的延续性动词后,则可连用一段时间。

ﻫ 2.The filmbegan five minutes ago.ﻫThe film hasbeen __________five minutes.
分析:答案为on for。

has been提示时态是现在完成时态,“for 时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”,常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。

ﻫ 3. Mr Lijoinedthe Party twentyyears ago.
MrLi _______________ the Partyfor twenty years.ﻫ答案:has beeni n。

短暂动词join,意为“参加、加入(组织,政党)”,不能与延续时间状语连用,与延续性时间状语连用时,将join 改成be in或be a member in…。

五、运用不同引语进行转换
即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。

此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。

如:ﻫ 1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.ﻫHe_________me that he
__________________ his wallet.ﻫ分析:答案为told,had found。

此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。

2.“Did you seeher last week?” hesaid.ﻫHe _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.
分析:答案为asked if/ whether,before。

此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。

六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换
即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。

如:
1.We didn’t go out forawalk because it was raining.
We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.
分析:答案为because of。

将原因状语从句because it wasraining改为表示原因的介词短语because of therain。

ﻫ 2. He was so excitedthat hecouldn’t go to sleep.
ﻫHe was__________________ gotosleep.ﻫ分析:答案为too excitedto。

将so…that…换成too…to…结构,原句的that从句为结果状语从句,改写句中的不定式仍表结果。

ﻫ 3.No wI willshowyou howtodo the work.ﻫNow I will showyou______ ______
______dothework.
分析:答案为how you can。

即将原句中的“疑问词不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。

4.You should put themback afteryouuse them.ﻫYou should put them back __________ them.
分析:答案为after using。

即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。

七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换
即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。

如:
1.Come on, orwe’llmiss the earlybus.ﻫ____ we ____hurry,we’ll missthe earlybus.
分析:答案为If,don’t。

if引导条件状语从句。

2. Theman gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us anothertalkthis w eek.ﻫThe man _____ gaveus atalk last week __________ usanothertalk this
week.ﻫ分析:答案为who/that,will give。

who/ that gave us atalklastweek为定语从句,修饰先行词the man。

八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子
即运用关联连词both…and…,neither…nor…,either…or…,not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。

此时要注意的是,both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语总是用复数,而neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。

如:ﻫ 1. Tom can’tspeakJapanese well and Jim can’t, either.
______ Tom______ Jim can speakJapanese well.
分析:答案填Neither,nor。

neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不”,刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。

ﻫ2.Alice has read the book andPeter has read it,too.
______ Alice ______Peterhave read the book.
分析:答案为Both,and。

both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都”。

3. Thisstoresells men’sshoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.ﻫThisstoresells____________men’sshoes ____________men’s clothes.ﻫ分析:答案为not only,but also。

表示“不仅……而且……”之意。

九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换
这类典型结构如so…that…,too…to…,enough to,not…until…,so do I等。

如:
1.Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
Jimwants togo boating,and ______ ______ hisparents.
分析:答案为sodo。

句意为“……他的父母也一样(一样想去)”。

2. John went to bed afterhe finished hishomework.ﻫJohn ______ go to bed______ hefinished his homework.
分析:答案为didn’t,until。

not…until意为“直到……才”。

还原法就是应试者把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构,这样,题目就会变得简单,答案就会一目了然,具体来说,可采用以下几种方法:
一、将倒装句改成陈述句。

由于倒装句的使用,句子的结构变得陌生,对于这类题,可将题干还原成一个陈述句。

如:Whom wouldyou rather have___withyou﹖
A.togo
B. go
C. gone
D. going
分析:本题题干改成陈述句,则应是:Would you rather havewhom___with you﹖
这样我们一眼就可以看出答案为B。

二、将陈述句改为倒装句。

如:We had____left home then itbegan to rain.
A.nosoonerB.hardlyC.almostD.nearly
分析:No sooner...then是一个大家十分熟悉的句型。

在考察知识点时,命题者却使用了一个陈述句。

如果把题干改成:____hadlefthome then itbegantorain.这道题的答案A也就变得十分清楚了.
三、去掉从句或插入语。

命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入一个从句或插入语,造成主谓隔离。

如果将题干中的从句或插入语去掉,题干就会变得很简单。

如:The person we spoke to___no answer atfirst.
A.make B.makingC.makes D.made
分析:可以看出wespoketo是一个定语从句。

将其去掉后,我们就会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词。

故本题选用答案D。

四、改被动句为主动句。

由于被动句的使用,句子的结构相对于主动句来说就没有那么清楚。

我们如果将其改为主动句,这类题就会变得清楚的多。

Timeshouldbe made gooduse of___our lessons well.
A.learingB.learned C.to learnD.learns
分析:将题干改写为主动句,则为We shouldbe good use of time____ourlesson well可以发现介词of有其相应的宾语,其后不能在用动名词做宾语。

应选不定式做目的状语。

答案是C。

五、改省略句为一个完整的句子。

省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。

对于这类试题,可恢复被省略的成分,使句子的结构变得明朗,进而选择合适的答案。

—How longhas this bookshopbeeninbusiness﹖——_____1982.
A.After B.InC.SinceD.From
分析:将答语部分改为一个完整的句子;This bookshop has been in business___1982.在所给的选项中只有since能同现在完成时连用。

故答案为C
高考一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单,但命题者有意把题干复杂,改写为一个少见或陌生的结构。

对于这类题,我们可以反其道而行之,把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构,这样题目就会变得简单,答案就会一目了然,具体来说,可采用以下几种方法:
■将倒装句改成陈述句
由于倒装句的使用,句子的结构变得陌生,对于这类题,可将题干还原成一个陈述句。

如:
Who did theteacher ________ anarticle for theschool newspaper?
A.has write B. haswritten C.have write D.have written
分析:把本题题干改成陈述句,则应是:The teacher hadwhowritean article for theschool newspaper.
这样我们一眼就可以看出答案为C。

测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用省去to的动词不定式,表示将要发生的动作。

■将陈述句改为倒装句
我们首次接触时是一个倒装句,而命题者恰恰是有意地使用陈述句来命题。

如:
We had ________ lefthome than it beganto rain
A.no sooner
B.hardly C. almost D.ne arly
分析:nosooner...than是一个大家十分熟悉的句型。

在考察知识点时,命题者却使用了一个陈述句。

如果把题干改成:________ had we lefthome thanit began torain,这道题的答案A也就变得十分清楚了。

■将从句或插入语去掉
命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入一个从句或插入语,造成主谓隔离。

如果将题干中的从句或插入语去掉,题干就会变得很简单。

如:
The person we spoke to ___no answer at first.
A. make B.makingC.makes D.made
分析;可以看出we spoketo是一个定语从句。

将其去掉后,我们就会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词。

故本题选用. D
■将被动句改为主动句
由于被动句的使用,句子的结构相对于主动句来说就没有那么清楚。

我们如果将其改为主动句,这类题就会变得
清楚的多。

如:
Time should be madegood useof ___ourlessonswell.
A.learning B. learned C. tolearn D. lea rns
分析:将题干改写为主动句则:Weshould make good use of time________our lessonwell。

可以发现介词of有其相应的宾语,其后不能再用动名词做宾语,应选不定式做目的状语。

答案是C。

■将省略句改为完整的句子
省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。

对于这类试题,可恢复被省略的成分,使句子的结构变得明朗,进而选择合适的答案。

如:
—How long has China been open tothe world?
—________1979.
A. After
B.In
C. Since
D. From
分析:将答语部分改为一个完整的句子:Chinahas been open to the worldsince1979.在所给的选项中只有since能和现在完成时连用。

故答案为C。

■将强调句的it be和that去掉还原成一个单句
It was in the small house ________ was builtwith stone byhis father ________ he spent his childhood.
A. which,that
B. that,which
C. which,which D. that,where
分析:可将题干还原成一个陈述句:He spent his childhood in the smallhouse which wasbuilt with stone by his father.故答案为A。

■将疑问句还原为陈述句
Is this book________youhave beenlookingforall the time﹖
A. thatB.one C.theoneD.it
分析:首先把疑问句还原成陈述句,题干即为This bookis________you have been looking for all thetime.容易看出该题是一个缺少表语且含有定语从句的主从复合句。

不难看出,定语从句you havebeen looking for all thetime修饰的先行词是主句的表语,而选项中只有the one符合要求。

故答案为C。

■将固定短语还原
That was________wehad inBeijing13years ago!
A.wonderful time
B. a wonderful time
C.wonderful D.wonderfully分析:在某些复合句中,被修饰的先行词与定语从句中的动词可构成固定短语。

此句可还原为:We had a won derful timein Beijing 13 years ago.可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配had a wonderful time(玩得愉快),定语从句中省略了关系代词that,故答案为B。

ﻫ一.用“及物动词+不定式”结构可以将含有that引导的某些宾语从句的复合句转换成简单句。

例如:ﻫ1. Hed ecided thathe would buy adigitalcamera online.
→He decided to buy adigital camera online.2ﻫ. We hopedthat wewould come bac ksoon.ﻫ→We hoped tocome back soon.
3.I expectthat I shall finish my workby this Sunday.
→I expect tofinishmy work by this Sunday.ﻫ二.用“疑问词+不定式“结构可以将某些含有连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句转换简单句。

例如:
1. I don’t know whichoneI canbuy.ﻫ→I don’tknow which oneto buy.
2. We wonderwherewe’ll go thisSunday.
→Wewonderwhereto gothis Sunday.
3.Could you pleaseteach me how I can searchtheInternet?
→Could you pleaseteach me howto search the Internet?ﻫ三.用“too…to…”结构可以将含有so…that引导的结果语从句(否定)的复合句转成简单句。

如:1ﻫ. The boy is soyoung thathe ca n’tlook after himself.ﻫ→Theboy is too young to look afterhimself.2ﻫ. The qu estion isso difficult thatI can’tanswer it .ﻫ→The questionis too difficult for meto answer.ﻫ四.用“…enough+不定式”结构可以将含有so…that…引导的结果状语从句(肯定)的复合句转变为简单句。

例如:1ﻫ.Thegirl is so tall that shecan reachthe appleson the tr ee.
→Thegirlis tall enoughtoreach theapples on thetree.2ﻫ.This hall is so largethat it can hold 2000 people.
→This hall is largeenough to hold2000 people.
3.The table wasso light that the little boy can carry it.
→The table was light enough for the littleboyto carry.
五.用“happen+ 不定式”或“seem+不定式”结构可以分别将“It happensthat…”和“Itseems that…”等含有主语从句的复合句转换为简单句。

例如:
1.It happened that the teachersawhimplayingin class.
→The teacher happened to seehimplaying in class.
2.It seemed thatsharkshave been on the earth for thousands ofye ars .ﻫ→Sharksseemedto have been on the earth for thousands of years.
3. It seemed that this camera offeredthe most at thebest price.ﻫ→This camera seemedtooffer the most at the best price.ﻫ六.用“in order+不定式”或“soas+不定式”结构可以将含有so that 引导的目的状语从句的复合句转换为简单句。

如:1ﻫ. Shedecided
tobuy a cameraonline so that shecould receiveitsoon.ﻫ→She decided tob uy acamera online inorderto receive it soon.ﻫ→She decidedto buy acameraonli ne so as to receiveitsoon.ﻫ2.I went over my compositionagain andagain so that I couldn’t makeanymistakes.ﻫ→I went over my compositionagainand againin ordernot to makeanymistakes.ﻫ→Iwent over my composition again andagain so as not tomake any mistakes.3ﻫ. Miyoko boughta camera so that she could take pictures in Beijing.
→Miyoko bought a camerainorder to take picturesinBeijing.
→Miyokobought acamerasoas totakepictures in Beijing.ﻫ七.在某些作表语的形容词后面加不定式可以将某些含有状语从句的复合句转变成简单句。

例如:
1. I was gladwhen I heard the good news .
→I was gladto hear the good news.2ﻫ.Tom’sparents were very surprised a sthey knew all aboutit.
→Tom’s parents were verysurprised to know allabout it.ﻫ八。

"祈使句+or+简单句"可转换为"i f引导的否定的条件句+主句"的句型;"祈使句+and+简单句"可转换为"if引导的肯定的条件句+主句"的句型。

例如:
1.Bebrave,oryou'llloseyour chance.→If you aren't brave, you'll lose your chance.
2. Come on, or we'll misstheearlybus. → If we don't hurry,we'llmiss the earlybus.
九定语从句的主从句缩略为简单句ﻫ为了使表达言简意赅,英语中常用一定的语法手段把句子简缩。

定语从句简缩成单词或短语就是其中常见的一种现象。

1ﻫ.在主动式定语从句中,如关系代词作从句的主语,谓语是一个行为动词,这时从句常缩略为一个现在分词短语。

如:
① The man who iswalkingalong thestreet comes from our company.→
The man walkingalongthe street comes fromourcompany.ﻫ②This lens produces rays which converge towards a point. →
This lensproduces raysconverging towards a point.ﻫ如果从句的谓语动词后没有作状语的介词短语,由该动词变成的现在分词常置于所修饰的词之前。

如:
①This lens produces rayswhichconverge. →ﻫThis lens producesconverging ra ys.
②The countries which are developing should getunited. →ﻫThe developingcountriesshould get united.ﻫ把定语从句简缩为现在分词短语有以下几种情况:
(1)从句的谓语和主句的谓语所表达的时间要一致。

如:ﻫWeusedto live inthe house which faced south.→ﻫWe used to live in the housefacingsouth.ﻫ(2)从句的谓语动词是进行时态。

如:ﻫCome tomorrow and show your visa to theman whowill be sitting atthat desk.
→ﻫCome tomorrow and show yourvisatothe mansittingat that desk.
(3)从句和主句的谓语所表达的时间都是泛指。

如:
Chinaisa developing socialist countrywhichbelongs to the third world. →
Chinais a developing socialist country belonging to thethird world.ﻫ(4)从句谓语动词的动作一发生,主句谓语动词的动作紧接着发生。

如:ﻫThe man who stole intothe room was caught immediately on thespot.→ﻫThe manstealingtheroom was caught immediately on thespot.ﻫ(5)从句谓语动词的动作可发生在主句谓语动词的动作这前。

如:ﻫCanyoucatchthebus which will leaveat8this morning? →ﻫCan you catchthe bus leavingat 8 this morning?ﻫ 2.在定语从句中,如从句的谓语动词是系动词be 的一般现在时或一般过去时,表语是介词短语、形容词短语或名词短语,该从句可以缩略成介词短语、形容词短语或名词短语,作后置定语。

如:ﻫ① We saw the glasse sthat wereon thetable falloff onto the floor. →
Wesaw the glasses on the table falloffonto thefloor.
②Chinais countrywhichis rich in resources.→
China is country rich in resources.
③ Theyhad to fetch waterfrom a well whichwas a mileaway fromthe village. →ﻫThey hadto fetch water from awell amile awayfrom the village.如果定语从句仅有一个案形容词作表语,从句简缩后,该形容词的位置由其性质而定:若是表语形容词,应放在所修饰的词之后。

如:
All those whoarepresent are from the north. →ﻫAllthose present are from the north.
若是定语形容词,则应置于所修饰的词之前。

如:
I want the flower which is red.→
I want the redflower.
3.如定语从句中的谓语动词有表示程度、方式等副词作状语,可把从句缩略为“副词+现在分词”结构作定语,置于所修饰的词前面。

副词和现在分词用连字符连起来。

如:ﻫ① The peasantswho work harddeserve such rewards. →ﻫThehard-working peasants deserve such rewards.
② Thisis ariver which flowsfast.→ﻫThis is a fast-flowing river.
4.如定语从句中的及物动词带有一个普通名词作宾语,可把从句缩略为“名词+ 现在分词”结构作前置定语。

名词和现在分词用连字符连结起来。

如:ﻫThe south of Jiangsu is anarea whichgrows rice. →ﻫTheso
uth ofJiangsu is a rice-growing area.
Malaysia is acountrywhich produces rubber. →
Malaysiais arubber-producing country.5 ﻫ.一系列定语从句形容词在定语从句中作表语时,从句可缩略成并列形容词短语作前置定语。

如:ﻫ① A person who is gentle,lovable and familiar isalways easy to get alongwith. →ﻫA gentle, lovableandfamiliarperson is
alwayseasyto get along with.
②Marxism isa science which isliving anddeveloping.→
Marxismis a living and developing science.
6.如定语从句中的谓语动词与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,从句通常可以缩略成不定式短语,放在所修饰的词之后置定语。

如:ﻫHeis agood person with whomyou can work. →
Heisa good person to work with.
7.根据名词或名词短语可作定语的原则,可以把定语从句缩略成名词或名词短语,用于修饰另一个名词。

如:
ahousewhich stands on a corner → a cornerhouse;
aruler which measures 50centimeters→ a 50 centimeters ruler ;ﻫa gardenwhich is fullof flowers → a flowergarden;
afactorywhich makes smallcars→ a small-carfactory8 ﻫ.如定语从句中的谓语动词have 表示“有”的含义,从句可缩略成with短语作后置定语,也可以缩略成“清凉油能+ ed”作前置定语。

如:
people whohave money→peoplewith money 或moneyed people; a girl whohas blueeyes → a girl with blueeyes或a blue-eyed girlﻫ主动式定语从句在以下几种情况下不通简缩:(1)从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前(两个动作紧接着发生的情况除外)。

如:ﻫThe man who gave us a lecture hasleft for Shanghai.
(2)从句中含有完成时态。

如:ﻫThosewho have done the work maygonow.ﻫ(3)从句中含有情态动词。

如:ﻫDoyouknow the woman whocan speak four foreign languages?ﻫ(4)从句与所修饰的先行词被其它成分隔开。

如:ﻫNota single book canbefound which has something to do with the subject.
(5)从句与所修饰的先行词之间有插入成分。

如:
“Hereis the man,”he said,“who sells newspapers.”
十含状语从句的复合句转换成简单句
即将状语从句转换成状语短语。

如:
Hecan’tcomebecause he is ill.他因病不能来。

→He can’tcome because of his illness.他因病不能来。

Turnoffthelight before youleave. 离开前请关灯。

→Turn off the light beforeleaving.离开前请关灯。

He wenthome afterhe finished hiswork.他做完工作后就回家了。

→Hewenthomeafter finishing hiswork. 他做完工作后就回家了。

He was so angry that hecouldn’tspeak. 他气得话都说不出来。

→He wastoo angry toospeak. 他气得话都说不出来。

He studied hard in order thathe couldpasstheexam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。

→He studiedhard inorderto passthe exam.他努力学习以便能考及格。

专题练习
将复合句改为简单句ﻫ1. I hope that Iwillhear from you soon.
I hope ______ ______ from you soon.
2.I wonder how I can go there.
I wonder ____________go there.
3. Whenand wherethey should buildanew power stationis a difficult problem for them.ﻫWhenand where______ ______ a new powerstation is a difficult problem forth em.4ﻫ. The teacherwho is wearing glasses teachesus English.ﻫThe teacher ______glasses teaches us English.
5. My father got up early sothathe could catch the first bus.
My fathergotup early ____________ ______ catch the first bus.
6.The girl is soshort that she cannot be a model.ﻫThe girl is ______short______be amodel.
7.Do you mindifI smoke here?
Doyou mind____________here?8ﻫ.The girl whois dancingon the stageis
my sister.ﻫThe girl______ on thestageis my sister.9ﻫ.I thinkit important that middle schoolstudents should learn English.ﻫI think it____________middleschoolstudents______learn English.10ﻫ.Ifeel that it is dangerous to playw ith fire.
I feel ______ ______ to play withfire.
11.Marx found that itwasnecessaryto study Russia.ﻫMarx found____________
______ studyRussia.
12. After hisfather died,he lefthis hometown.ﻫHe left his home town afterthe____________hisfather.
13. Don’tforget to turn offthegas before youleave thekitchen.
Don’tforgettoturn offthe gas ______ ______thekitchen.
15. She won’tgo to seethe play because shehas lost herticket.ﻫShewon’t goto seethe play ______ ______losing her ticket.1ﻫ6.She wentfor a walk aftershe had supper.ﻫShe wentforawalk ____________.ﻫ17. I couldswim when I was eight years old.
I could swim______ ______ ______ of eight.1ﻫ8. He was lateforschoolbecauseit rainedheavily.
He waslate for school ______ ______the______rain.19ﻫ. Idon’t know how I can answer the question.ﻫI don’t know __________________ thequestion.20ﻫ.Please tell me what I should do first.ﻫPleasetellme______ ______ ______ first.
21. He is soyoungthat he can’tjoin the army.
He is______ ______ ______ join the army.22ﻫ. She works sohard that shecan pass the exam.
She works ______ ______to pass the exam.
23.If you useyourhead,you’llfind a way.ﻫ______ your ______,______ you’l lfind away.
24. Ifyou don’twork hard, you won’tpass the exam.
______ ______, ______ youwon’t pass theexam.2ﻫ5.The boxis soheavythatwe can’t carryit.
Thebox is______ ______ ______ us tocarry.26ﻫ. The problemissoeasythat I can workit out.ﻫThe problem is ______ ______ ______me______ work out.
27.I can’t pass the exam if you don’thelp me.ﻫI can’tpass theexam ______your
______.28ﻫ.I saw that he was playing computer games.ﻫI saw____________computer games.2ﻫ9. She heardthat theboy cried all night.
She heardthe boy ______all night.
30. It seemed that hewouldcatch up with others.ﻫHe seemed______ ______up with others.ﻫ将简单句改为复合句
1. Theproblemis toodifficult for us towork out. ﻫ The problem is _______ ______that we _______work itout.
2.Hurry up, oryou’llbe late for the party. ﻫ_______ you _______ hurry up, you’ll be latefor the party.ﻫ3.The tree is tootall forus to reach.ﻫThe treeis _______tall _______we can’t reach_______.4ﻫ. The teacher asked us tocome earlier.
The teacher asked us ____________ ______ come earlier.5ﻫ. The doctorput down the telephone , andhurried to Jim’s home.
______ thedoctor put down the telephone, he went toJim’shome as ______ as possible.6ﻫ.Don’t play basketballhere, or youmaybreak the window.
____________ play basketball here,you may break the window.
7. He came late because of thebad traffic.ﻫHecamelate______ thetraffic was______ .8ﻫ.Hebuilt alabat theageof nine.
Hebuilt a lab ______ ______ ______ nine.
9.I can’t finish the workintimewithoutyourhelp .
I can’t finishthe workif______ ______ ______ me . 10 ﻫ.The water wastoodirt yfor us to drink.
The water was ______dirtythat we ______drink______.
11. At the end of themeeting his bagwaslost.
Hecouldn’tfindhis bag ______the meeting______over.
12. The teachertoldus to dothe experiment.
The teacher told us how______ ____________theexperiment.13ﻫ. Could you tell me howto get to the station?ﻫCould you tell me__________________ get to
thestation?
14. She likes pork a little,but shelikes beef better.ﻫShe______beef ______ ______ po rk.15ﻫ.Mike isthe tallest student in hisschool.
______ ______in the school istallerthan Mike.
Keys:将复合句改为简单句
1.to、hear 2.how、to 3.to 、build 4. wearing (with ) 5.in、order 、to(so 、as、t o)
6.too、to7.mysmoking8.dancing 9.important for to10.itdangerous 11. itnec essary to
12.deachof13.before living 15. becauseof16. after supper17.at the age 18.because ofheavy
19.how toanswer 20.What to do21.too young to 22.hard enoughehead and/the n24.workhard or 25.too heavy for26.easy enough forto 27.without help28.him play ing 29.cry30.tocatch
Keys:将简单句改为复合句1ﻫ.sodifficult can't2.If don't 3. so that it4.ifwe could 5.Aft er hurrily 6.If you 7.becausebad 8.whenhewas 9.youdon't help 10.so could it 11.whe nwas 12.if we could 13.how I can 14.likes better than15.No one
同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型,其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子,第一句完整,第二句中设有几处空格,要求考生填入适当的词或词组,使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。

它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识,要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子,使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。

通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析,我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面:ﻫ一、运用同义词(组)进行转换ﻫ用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换,注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。

如:ﻫ 1. Thatdaywe could seeflowers everywhere.ﻫThat day we could see flowers ____and ___ .
2. The teacher always takes goodcare ofthe children in the school.ﻫThe teacher
always _________the childrenwellin the school.3 ﻫ. Some of us aregood at telli ng stories.ﻫ Some of us _____ _____intelling stories.ﻫ二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换ﻫ即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思,主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。

如:1 ﻫ.It’sclear thatthisvisitis different from last time.
It’s clear that thisvisitisnot the ____ ___ lasttime.
2. I think wealth is lessimportant than health.ﻫ I__ thinkwealth is ___important thanhealth.3 ﻫ.He lentsome moneyto hisfriend.
His friend______some money _____ him.
三、运用不同语态进行转换
即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词,但此时要特别注意时态、情态动词一致性。

如:1 ﻫ. Everyoneshouldgiveback his library books on time.
Library booksshould __________ontime.2 ﻫ.It is widely accepted that more peopleusecomputers in the worldtoday.
Computers_____ widely______ inthe worldtoday.ﻫ四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换ﻫ即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换,此时往往会涉及时态的变化。

如:
1. The manager lefttwohours ago.
Themanagerhas _____ ______fortwo hours.
2. Thefilm beganfive minutes ago.
Thefilmhasbeen___________ fiveminutes.ﻫ 3. Mr Li joined the Party twentyyears ago.ﻫMrLi has_______the Party for twenty years.
五、运用不同引语进行转换ﻫ即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。

此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等的相应变化。

如:
1. “I’ve foundmy wallet,” he said to me.
He _____ me that he _____ found hiswallet.ﻫ2. “Didyou see herlastweek?” he s aid.
He ____________I had seen herlast week.
3. Heasked me where I hadbeen these days.
“Where ______ ___thesedays?” he asked.
六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换ﻫ即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。

如:ﻫ1.We didn't go outfor a walk because it was raining.ﻫ We didn't go out for a walk___ ____ the rain.ﻫ2. He was so excited that hecouldn't goto sleep.
He was _____ _____ _____ go tosleep.ﻫ3. Now I will show you how todo the work.ﻫ N owI will showyou how_____ _____ do thework.
4. You shouldput them backafter you use them.
Youshould putthemback_____ _____them.
5. She seems to beworried now.ﻫIt ______ that she ______worried now.ﻫ七、运用并列句。

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