外研社八年级上册英语 Module 4 词汇和语法基础(解析版) (1)

知识图谱
Module 4 Planes, ships and trains
知识精讲
一、必背词汇
1.road [rəud] n.（尤指）公路, 路
2.accident ['æksidənt] n.交通事故；意外事件
3.except [ik'sept] prep.除…之外
4.choice [tʃɔis] n.选择
5.classmate ['klɑ:smeit] n.同班同学
6、far [fa:] adv.远；遥远地；adj.远的；遥远的
7、magic ['mædʒik] adj.魔术的；戏法的
8、close [kləuz] adj.（距离上）近点, 接近的。

（距离上）接近地
9、crowded ['kraudid] adj.拥挤的；人数过多的
10、all the time 一直；不断地
11.journey ['dʒə:ni] n.旅行；旅程
12.book [buk] vt.预订
13.park [pa:k] vt.停放（车）；泊（车）
14.outside [,aut'said] prep.在…范围之外；
adv.在外面, 向外面；外部；外面。

adj.外面的, 外部的
15.however [hau'evə] adv.然而；但是
16、cost [kɔst] vt.花费；价钱为n.费用，代价，成本
[neim] v.给…取名；给…命名
17、if [if] conj.（表条件）如果；若
二、重点词汇
1.except preposition, conjunction /ɪkˈsept/
not including; but not
（表示不包括）除…之外
1).The museum is open daily except Monday(s).
博物馆除周一外每天都开放。

2).The government has few options except to keep interest rates high.
政府除了保持高利率外, 几乎没有其他的选择。

2.book verb /bʊk/
to arrange to have a seat, room, performer, etc.at a particular time in the future
预订；预约
1).[ + two objects ] I've booked two tickets for us to see "Carmen".
我已经为我们订了两张歌剧《卡门》的票。

2).She'd booked a table for four at their favourite restaurant.
她已在他们最喜欢的餐厅预订了四人桌。

3.cost noun /kɒst/
the amount of money needed to buy, do, or make something
价格；费用；成本
1).When you buy a new computer, you usually get software included at no extra cost.
买电脑时通常免费附送软件。

2).In most families, two salaries are essential to cover the cost of (= pay for) raising a family.
对许多家长来说, 要支付孩子学费双职薪水必不可少。

4.if conjunction /ɪf/
used to say that a particular thing can or will happen only after something else happens or becomes true 假如, 如果
1).I’ll pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday.
如果你周五前完工, 我付你双倍的报酬。

2).If anyone calls, just say I'll be back in the office at four o'clock.
要是有人给我打电话, 请告诉他们我4点钟回办公室。

5.magic noun /ˈmædʒ.ɪk/
the use of special powers to make things happen that would usually be impossible, such as in stories for children
魔法；法术；巫术
1).The group is known for its belief in witchcraft and magic.
这一组织以相信巫术和魔法而出名。

2).As if by magic/Like magic, the car changes into a boat when it hits the water.
汽车一碰到水便像变魔法似的变成了船。

三、必背短语
take the bus 乘公交车
by bike 乘自行车
far from 远离
be close 靠近
the same as与……同样的
all the time 一直
plan to do sth.计划做某事
by car 乘私家车
by ship 乘船
because of 由于
四、重点句型
1.It’s the most comfortable way, but it’s also the most expensive.
这是最舒服的方式, 但也是最贵的。

2.How does Tony go to school?
托尼怎么去学校呢？
3.He lives the farthest from school, so he takes the underground.
他家住的离学校最远, 因此他乘地铁。

4.The more information, the better.
消息越多, 越好。

5.And it takes you about twelve hours to get there.
你花费大约十二个小时到达那里。

一、考点:
形容词和副词的最高级
对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时, 我们可以用最高级。

1.one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词的复数形式, 表示“最……的……之一”。

2.the +序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式，表示“第几……”
3.当最该前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时, 其前不加the 。

二、易错点:
cost\ spend\ take 与pay
1.cost 的主语多是物或事, 结构为sth.costs sb.some money
2.spend 的主语必须是人, 常用于sb.spend time/ money on sth./ in doing sth.的结构中, 其中in 可省略。

3.take 常用结构为it takes/ took sb.some time to do sth ，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。

4.pay 的主语是人，通常用于sb.pays/ paid some money for sth.的结构。

题模一: 形容词最高级
例1.1.1 ---It’s one of the _________ things in the world to stay with friends.
---I agree.It always makes us relaxed. A.worst A. worst
B.happiest
C.busiest
D.hardest
例1.1.2 ---Who is _________ in your class, Lily, Lucy or Grace?
---Grace.
A.the most tallest
B.the tallest
C.tallest
D.taller
题模二: cost spend take 与pay
例1.2.1 ---What will the phone _________?
---The same as you said, eight hundred dollars each.
A.spend
B.cost
C.pay
D.afford
例1.2.2 It will _________ me too much time to read this book.
A.take
B.cost
C.spend
D.pay
三点剖析 题模精选
随堂练习
随练1.1 To lie in bed is ________(relaxing) thing in the world.
随练1.2 His father is much ________(old) than his uncle.
随练1.3根据句意和汉语意思写出所缺的单词。

1.There are lots of cars on the _________ (公路).
2.---What happened?
---A car _________ (交通事故) happened and two men were badly hurt.
3.The problem is anything _________ (除了) easy.
4.The zoo is _________ (遥远的) away from our school
5.The railway station is always _________ (拥挤的).
随练1.4根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺单词
1.They made a c_________ of Mr.Lee as the next president.
2.The hall is c_________ now in my school and there is no seat to sit.
3.Li Hua and I are in the same class, so we are c_________.
4.He lives the farthest from the company, so he takes the u_________.
5.The story h_________ in 1985.
随练1.5 The journey ________ (take) about ten minutes, so it's the shortest way to go.
随练1.6句型转换。

(1)Daming will go to Beijing by plane next week. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ Daming go to Beijing next week?
(2)Going by taxi is the most expensive way to go to school for Mary. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the most expensive way to go to school for Mary?
(3)Most students go to school on foot every day. (改为同义句)
Most students ________ ________ school every day.
(4)The train is fast. The plane is faster. (合并句子)
The train is ________ ________ the plane.
(5)Jimmy is better than any other player on his team. (改为同义句)
Jimmy is ________ ________ player on his team.
随练1.7情景对话。

A: What a nice day! Why not do some outdoor(户外的) exercise?
B: OK. ________
A: Basketball. I think basketball is exciting. What about you?
B: I like football. ________
A: Football and swimming? They are very boring and dangerous.
B: Yes, but they are also exciting. ________
A: Table tennis. Many students in our class like playing table tennis.
B: ________
A: Not really. But I like watching players play table tennis on TV.
B: I see. Your favourite sport is basketball. ________
A: Great.
能力拓展
拓展1I think this is the second _________ storybook of all.
A.interesting
B.more interesting
C.much interesting
D.most interesting
拓展2He is very rich but that day he bought _________ bike to save money for the poor children.
A.the cheapest
B.a more expensive
C.the more cheaper
D.an expensive
拓展3用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)Jenny often listens to music on the Internet, so she sings ________(good) than I.
(2)________(ski) is more dangerous than swimming.
(3)It's a good habit(习惯) ________(not be) noisy in public.
(4)Reading is ________(relaxing) than football.
(5)Jessie enjoys ________(watch) football match on TV in the evening.
拓展4根据提示完成句子。

(1)这是最舒服的旅行方式但也是最昂贵的。

(2)订票________ 乘坐小汽车________ 乘坐轮船________
(3)记着在Amsterdam停车是非常昂贵的,因此住在市中心的外面。

(4)变得拥挤________ 最便宜的方式________
拓展5---Smart phones are more and more popular now.
---So they are.But they B.cost C.take D.spend
still _________ too much.
A.pay
A. pay
拓展6---Alice, would you like to go hiking with us?
---What a pity! I am free every day _________ today.
A.for
B.except
C.besides
D.among
拓展7---_________ can I keep the books?
---For two weeks.
A.How long
B.How often
C.How far
D.How soon
拓展8根据汉语意思完成句子。

1.谁住得离我们学校最远？
Who lives the _________ _________ our school?
2.杰克怎样到学校的？
How _________ Jack get _________ _________？
3.他家超市最近。

His home is _________ _________ _________ the supermarket.
4.昨天晚上发生了什么事？
_________ _________ last night?
5.他们决定乘地铁去火车站。

They decided to _________ _________ _________ to the railway station.
拓展9根据短文内容,判断下列各句正误。

It is school time again, a new start of a new period.
You are probably feeling excited and a little sad that summer is over. Some kids feel nervous or a little scared on the first day of school because of the new things, new teachers, and maybe even a new school. Luckily, these new worries only stay for a little while.
On your first day, most teachers start the school year by introducing themselves and talking about all the things you'll do that year. Maybe you'll have a chance to tell something about yourselves to the others of the class. The most important thing for you is to learn new rules and follow them. After all, rules can make the school life better. Besides, the most exciting thing for you is to meet more new friends in a new place. The first day of school doesn't sound bad, but there is still some advice for you to make you a better person, such as developing good learning habits, making a good plan and taking your schoolwork seriously. The last but not the least is to have fun in your new school.
As the saying goes: Good beginning is half done.
(1)You may feel both excited and nervous on the first day of school.
(2)Students must learn to keep the rules in the new school.
(3)You can easily make some friends without doing anything.
(4)Whether you can learn well depends on your teachers, but not your learning habits.
(5)For students, a good beginning is important in a new school.
拓展10上周, 你们班就初中生能否骑电动自行车上学进行了一次讨论。

现在, 请你根据表格用英语写一篇介绍讨论情况的短文。

注意: ①短文中必须包括写作提示和表格中所列的全部内容。

②时态运用正确, 书写工整规范。

③词数: 80～100。

提示: electric电动的whether是否middle school students初中生have a discussion进行讨论
答案解析
Module 4 Planes, ships and trains
题模精选
题模一: 形容词最高级
例1.1.1
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词最高级。

句意: —和朋友们在一起是世界上最快乐的事情之一。

—我同意, 和朋友在一起总是使我们放松。

worst最糟的, happiest最快乐的, busiest最忙的, hardest最难得。

故选B。

例1.1.2
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词的最高级。

in your class, Lily, Lucy or Grace是最高级的标志词。

the+形容词最高级。

故选B。

题模二: cost spend take与pay
例1.2.1
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

句意: —这部电话多少钱？—和你说的一样, 每部八百美元。

spend, pay, afford的主语都应该是人, cost的主语应该是物, 此处表示“这部电话多少钱？”。

故选B。

例1.2.2
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

it take sb.time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事。

故选A。

随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】the most relaxing
【解析】句意:躺在床上是世界上最放松的事情。

在一定范围内相比用最高级。

随练1.2
【答案】older
【解析】句意:他父亲比他叔叔大得多。

有than必须用比较级。

随练1.3
【答案】1.road
2.accident
3.but
4.far
5.crowded
【解析】考查单词的正确拼写形式。

随练1.4
【答案】1.choice
2.crowded
3.classmates
4.underground
5.happened
【解析】考查单词的正确拼写形式。

随练1.5
【答案】takes
【解析】句意这段旅行花费大约10分钟,所以它是去的最短的方式。

主语是第三人称单数。

随练1.6
【答案】(1)How; will
(2)What; is
(3)walk; to
(4)slower; than
(5)the; best
【解析】(1)对交通方式提问用how。

(2)对动名词作主语提问用what。

(3)go to……on foot步行去……相当于walk to……。

(4)句意:火车快,飞机更快,也就是:火车比飞机慢。

(5)句意:吉米在队里比其他的任何一个运动员都好,也就是说:吉米是队里最好的。

随练1.7
【答案】CADBF
【解析】A. But now I am learning swimming. 但现在我正在学习游泳。

B. Do you often play table tennis?你经常打乒乓球吗?
C. What's your favourite sport?你最喜欢的运动是什么?
D. Which sport is popular in your class?你的班上什么运动最流行?
E. It's more dangerous than running. 它比跑步更危险。

F. Let's go to play basketball. 让我们去打篮球吧。

G. What about playing football?踢足球怎么样?
(1)根据下文Basketball. I think basketball is exciting. 篮球,我觉得篮球最让人兴奋可知,上文询问对方最喜欢的运动是什么。

(2)根据下文Football and swimming? 足球和游泳?可知,本处告诉对方自己正在学游泳。

(3)根据下文Many students in our class like playing table tennis. 我们班很多同学喜欢打乒乓球,可知此处询问对方他们班上流行什么运动。

(4)根据下文Not really. But I like watching players play table tennis on TV. 不经常,但我喜欢看乒乓球员打乒乓球可知,上文询问对方是否经常打乒乓球。

(5)根据下文Great. 好极了,可知对方邀请他打篮球。

能力拓展
拓展1
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。

the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数形式。

故选D。

拓展2
【答案】A
【解析】句意: 他很富有, 但是那天他却买了最便宜的自行车, 其目的是省钱给那些穷孩子。

expensive昂贵的, cheap便宜的, 既然是为孩子省钱, 那么他应该会买最便宜的自行车。

故选D。

拓展3
【答案】(1)better
(2)Skiing
(3)not to be
(4)more relaxing
(5)watching
【解析】(1)than是比较级的标志,所以用good的比较级better。

(2)比较级是两种相同(相类)的事物的比较,而swimming是比较的一方,所以ski用skiing。

(3)"It's ……not to do sth "是固定句型。

(4)than是比较级的标志,而relaxing是属于多音节词,它的比较级是在前面加more。

(5)enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事,固定搭配。

拓展4
【答案】(1)This is the most comfortable way to travel but also the most expensive.
(2)book tickets; take the car; take the ship
(3)Remember that parking in Amsterdam is very expensive, so stay outside the city centre.
(4)become crowed; the cheapest way
【解析】(1)the most comfortable最舒服的; the most expensive最贵的。

(2)book预定; 乘坐交通工具通常用动词take。

(3)remember that从句记住某事; 动词作主语要在动词后加-ing,the most expensive最贵的; 因此译为Remember that parking in Amsterdam is very expensive, so stay outside the city centre.
(4)become crowded变得拥挤; the cheapest way最便宜的方式。

拓展5
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

pay for sth., it cost sb.money, , it takes sb.time to do, sb.spend time/ money on sth./ in doing sth.句意: —智能手机现在越来越流行了。

—的确如此。

但它们还是要花太多钱。

故选B。

拓展6
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词辨析。

句意: —爱丽斯, 你想和我们一起去远足吗？—真遗憾！我每天都有空除了今天。

for 为了, except除……之外（不包括）, besides除……外（包括）, among在……中。

故选B。

拓展7
【答案】A
【解析】结合答语For two weeks可知, 所缺的特殊疑问词组是how long, 句意: —这本书我能借多长时间?—两个星期。

故选A。

拓展8
【答案】1.farthest from
2.did; to school
3.the closest to
4.What happened
5.take the underground
【解析】考查短语的的正确使用形式。

拓展9
【答案】(1)1
(2)1
(3)0
(4)0
(5)1
【解析】这是一篇议论文。

主要讲在开学时一些孩子因为新的事物,新的老师甚至新的学校而感到不安或者有点害怕,并对此提出了一些建议。

(1)判断题。

根据第二段“You are probably feeling excited and a little sad that summer is over. Some kids feel nervous or a little scared on the first day of school because of the new things, new teachers, and maybe even a new school. ”可知,夏天结束了,你可能感到激动还有一点悲伤,一些孩子因为新的事物,新的老师甚至新的学校而感到不安或者有点害怕。

故选正确。

(2)判断题。

根据第三段“The most important thing for you is to learn new rules and follow them. ”可知,对你来说最重要的事情是学习新规则并遵从他们。

故选正确。

(3)判断题。

根据第三段“Besides, the most exciting thing for you is to meet more new friends in a new place. ”可知,除此之外,最激动人心的事情是在一个新的地方遇见更多的新朋友。

并未说不需做任何事情便可交到很多朋友。

故选错误。

(4)判断题。

根据第三段“there is still some advice for you to make you a better person, such as developing good learning habits”可知,为了使你成为一个更好的人,有一些建议给你,例如养成一个好的学习习惯。

故选错误。

(5)判断题。

根据最后一段“As the saying goes: Good beginning is half done. ”可知,正如这句谚语所说:好的开始是成功的一半。

也就是说在一个新学校里好的开始是很重要的。

故选正确。

拓展10
【答案】Last week, our class had a discussion about whether middle school students could ride electric bikes to go to school①. 25 students of our class agreed with the idea of riding electric bikes to go to school, because they said it was convenient for②them and it could take them less time to go to school③. But the other 35 students didn't agree with④them. They said it was not safe for the middle school students to go to school by electric bike. They also said in the morning the traffic was heavy and the students couldn't ride electric bikes quickly.
【解析】本文是篇命题作文,首先分析由多少人赞同多少人不赞同,时态用一般现在时,要注意时态运用正确, 书写工整规范。

本文是篇不错的文章,时态使用正确,文章使用①介词about后接whether引导的宾语从句。

②convenient形容词, “便利的, 方便的”。

be convenient for, 用介词for引出涉及的对象。

③本句用It takes sb. some time to do sth. 句型。

④agree with意为“同意”, 后接人或事。

agree with sb. about sth. “同意某人关于某事的看法、意见”, agree with sth. “同意某事”。

等高级词汇,是文章不错的亮点。