2019-2020学年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 The Olympic Games讲义 新人教版必修2

Unit 2 The Olympic Games
一、刷黑板——词汇全听写先过识记默写关Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)
[第一屏听写]
1．mascot n．吉祥物
2．Greece n. 希腊
3．Greek adj.希腊(人)的；希腊语的n. 希腊人；希腊语4．magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的5．slave n. 奴隶
6．gymnastics n．(pl.) 体操；体能训练7．athletics n．(pl.) 体育运动；竞技8．stadium n．(pl. stadiums or stadia) (露天大型)体育场
[第二屏听写] 9．gymnasium (gym) n．体育馆；健身房10．motto n. 座右铭；格言；警句11．swift adj.快的；迅速的12．similarity n. 相像性；相似点13．physical adj.物理的；身体的14．princess n. 公主
15．glory n. 光荣；荣誉
16．prince n. 王子
17．goddess n. 女神
18．striker n. 敲击者；(足球的)前锋
[第三屏听写]
Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)
1．ancient adj.古代的；古老的2．compete vi.比赛；竞争3．competitor n. 竞争者
4．medal n. 奖章；勋章；纪念章5．volunteer n. 志愿者；志愿兵
adj.志愿的；义务的
vt.& vi.自愿
6．homeland n. 祖国；本国
[第四屏听写]
7．regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的8．basis n．(pl.bases) 基础；根据
9．athlete n. 运动员；运动选手10．admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳11．nowadays adv. 现今；现在
12．host vt.做东；主办；招待
n. 主人13．responsibility n. 责任；职责
[第五屏听写] 14．replace vt.取代；替换；代替15．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉
n. 费用；主管
16．fine vt.罚款
17．poster n. 海报；招贴18．advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告19．bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件
n. 便宜货
[第六屏听写] 20．hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的21．foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的
22．pain n. 疼痛；痛苦23．deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得24．take_part_in 参加；参与
25．stand_for 代表；象征；表示26．as_well 也；又；还
27．in_charge 主管；看管
28．one_after_another 陆续地；一个接一个地
二、刷清单——热身自盘点再过基本应用关(一)核心单词
阅读单词1.magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；
有魔力的
2．motto n. 座右铭；格言；警
句
3．swift adj.快的；迅速的
4．physical adj.物理的；身
体的
5.glory
n．
光荣；荣誉
6．mascot n.
吉祥物
7．slave n.
奴隶
8．gymnastics
n．(pl.) 体
操；体能训练
9.athletics n．(pl.)
体育运动；竞技
10．stadium n. (露
天大型)体育场
11．gymnasium n. 体
育馆；健身房
12．princess n. 公
主
表达单词
1.bargain vi.讨价还
价；讲条件
n. 便宜货
2．deserve vi.& vt.应受(报
答或惩罚)；值得
3．replace vt.取代；替换；
代替
4．charge vt.&vi.收费；控诉
n. 费用；主管
5．medal n. 奖章；勋章；纪念
章；奖牌
6．homeland n. 祖国；本国
7．host vt.做东；主办；招待
n. 主人
8．fine vt.罚款
9．ancient adj.古代的；古老
的
10．nowadays adv. 现今；现在
[语境活用]
1．Does the bank charge (收费) a fee
for setting up the account?
2．I'm short of money, and can't
afford a new car to replace (替换) my
old one.
3．China has made efforts for a
breakthrough in the total number of
gold medals (奖牌) in the coming
Winter Games.
4．My sister bought this T­shirt at
such a low price.She was really good
at bargaining (讨价还价)．
5．You deserve (值得) an award for the
role that you played.
6．People have lived in this valley
since ancient (古代的) times.
拓展单词1.volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵
adj.志愿的；义务的vt.&vi.自愿
→voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿
的
[语境活用]
1．She's in a hopeless (hope)
situation, which we will keep a very
close eye on.
2．be_strict_with_sb. 对
某人要求严格
3．be_the_pride_of 是……
的骄傲
4．be tired out 精疲力竭
5．believe in 信任；信奉
6．bring good luck to
给……带来好运
2．take_a_trip 去旅行
3．in 100 years 一百年后
4．There be＋名词某地有
某物
5．have sth. with sb. 某
人有某物
6．go to the doctor 去看
医生
3．classic n. 经典作品；
名著
4．science fiction 科幻小
说
5．lyrics n. 歌词
6．computer programmer编
程人员
一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点
1．compete vi.比赛；竞争
[高考佳句] We can compete with students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests.(2014·天津高考书面表达)
我们可以和来自其他大学的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。

(1)compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against ... for ...
为争取……而与……对抗/竞争
(2)competition n. 比赛；竞争
competitor n. 竞争者；对手
competitive adj.有竞争性的；竞争的
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①Living in a highly competitive (compete) society, you definitely have to arm yourself with modern technology and skills.
②My son was selected to compete in the London marathon.
③The prize for the winner of the competition (compete) is a two­week holiday in Paris.
补全句子
④Athletes from many countries_competed_with/against_each_other_for the first gold medal in the Rio Olympic Games.
来自许多国家的运动员为获得里约奥运会的第一枚金牌而彼此竞争。

2．admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳；容纳
[教材原句] Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.
只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。

(1)admit doing/having done/that ... 承认……
admit sb./sth.to be 承认某人/某物……
(2)be admitted to 被接纳进入；被录取到……
(3)admission n. 准许进入；入场费；承认
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①Joe is proud and stubborn, never admitting (admit) he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
②He admitted taking/having_taken (take) the money but promised never to do it again.
③Women gained admission (admit) to the club only recently.
单句写作
④考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样，我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。

(2014·四川高考书面表达)
The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to_be_admitted_to_my _favorite_university will come true.
写出加黑单词在语境中的含义
⑤The dining hall to be completed next month can admit1,000 students.容纳
3．replace vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处
[经典例句] It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks.
不吃正餐，改吃零食，这不是什么好主意。

replace sth. with/by sth. 用……替换……
replace ... as ... 取代……而成为……
take the place of＝take one's place 代替；替代
in place of 代替
单句语法填空
①It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with/by a modern hotel or not.
②It is generally believed that teachers will never be_replaced_(replace) by
computers in class.
句型转换
③John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.
→ John is ill and I want to know who is going to take_the_place_of_him/take_his_place.
4．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电n.费用；主管
[高考佳句] We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge.(2017·江苏高考单选)
我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是他们以前要价的一半。

(1)charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……
in the charge of 受……的管理
(3)free of charge＝for free 免费
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①He was charged with stealing a car.
②How much did he charge you for repairing this pair of shoes?
补全句子
③With the ticket, you may get a French fries free_of_charge/for_free in KFC.
凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。

句型转换
④The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.
→The man who had been in_charge_of the company was accused of taking drugs.
[名师指津] 表示“控告某人某事”还可以用accuse sb.of sth.结构。

accuse常与of搭配，而charge常与with搭配。

5．deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得；应得
[高考佳句] In addition, your teachers deserve to be respected, who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge.(2014·江西高考满分作文)
另外，你应该尊重所有那些无私帮助你获得很多知识的老师们。

deserve to do sth. 应该做……；值得做……
deserve to be done＝deserve doing 值得被做
deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①He does not deserve_to_win (win) any respect from anybody just because he does not know how to respect others.
②It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to_be_respected (respect)．
补全句子
③With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation_deserves_attention/paying_attention_to.
由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得注意。

[名师指津] 当物作主语时，deserve后接doing，主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接动词不定式的被动形式。

need, want, require作“需要”讲时也有类似用法。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You wouldn't have_been_fined (fine) yesterday if you had not broken the traffic rule.
2．The young man had to admit driving (drive) without a driving license.
3．One of the volunteers (volunteer) for the rescue work injured himself when helping others.
4．All the old computers in village schools will be_replaced (replace) with new ones.
5．Since he had broken the window, he deserved punishing/to_be_punished_ (punish)．
6．Not all the advertisements (advertise) can be used to promote the sale of the products.
7．The house has been in the charge of him for more than a year.
8．Therefore, let's take the responsibility (responsible) to build up a low­carbon city by riding bicycles.
9．I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real bargain.
10．—He is suffering from a pain in his stomach, but he is still working.
—Maybe he knows no pains (pain), no gains.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He picked them up and replace them in the bag.replace→replaced
2．Being admitted a university, whether it is a famous one or not, doesn't necessarily mean you will succeed in your future life.admitted后加to/into 3．It was foolish for you to leave school at such an early age.for→of
4．Who will take the charge of the company after the manager retires？去掉第一个the
5．He was lucky that he at last got a chance to compete the pete 后加in
6．Concerned with their health, many people take exercise regular and keep a balanced diet.regular→regularly
Ⅲ.一句多译
1．这家公司在昨天的报纸上登载广告想雇佣一名销售人员。

①The company advertised_for a salesman in yesterday's newspaper. (advertise)
②The company put/placed_an_advertisement_for a salesman in yesterday's newspaper. (advertisement)
2．首先保持一种开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。

①What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve_consideration. (deserve＋n.)
②What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve_considering. (deserve＋doing)
③What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve_to_be_considered. (deserve＋to be done)
3．他不能掌管那家电脑公司，因为这超出了他的能力。

(charge)
①The computer company can't be in_the_charge_of him because it is beyond his ability.
②He can't take_charge_of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.
③He can't be in_charge_of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.
二、过短语、句式——学通学活靓人一眼
1．take part in参加；参与
[经典例句] We all feel honoured if you can take part in the activity with us.
如果你能与我们一起参加这项活动，我们都会感到莫大荣幸。

participate in＝take part in 参加；参与
take an active part in 积极参加
play a part in在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
[多角练透]
单句改错
①It goes without saying that taking active part in social activities can broaden our horizons.active前加an
②Any student who is interested in this activity is welcome to take part in.去掉第二个in或第二个in后加it
单句写作
③我们将去参加今年七月你们学校举行的夏令营，这使我们感到非常兴奋。

(2015·天津高考书面表达)
We will go to_take_part_in_the_summer_camp_held_by_your_school this July, which makes us very excited.
[名师指津] (1)take part in是固定短语， part前一般不用冠词，但是当part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词。

(2)在使用take part in时，若其后无宾语，则不加介词in。

2．stand for代表；象征；表示；主张；支持；容忍
[教材原句] What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for?
奥运旗上的五环代表什么？
[一词多义] 写出下列句中stand for的含义
①In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.代表
②We should respect people o f all faiths and stand for religious freedom.支持；主张
③I will not stand for behavior of that kind in my house.容忍
④As we know, pigeons stand for peace.象征
[归纳拓展]
stand by 站在旁边；袖手旁观
stand out 突出；显眼；杰出
stand on one's own feet 自立；不依靠他人
stand_out
immediately.
她的大眼睛使她在人群中很显眼，因此你会立刻认出她。

3．nor引导的倒装句型
No other countries could join in, nor_could_slaves_or_women!
别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
(1) “nor/neither＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语”构成倒装句型，意为“……也不这样”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(否定情况)
(2)so＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语，意为“……也是如此”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(肯定情况)
(3)so＋主语＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词，表示说话人同意对方的观点或对前文内容加以强调或肯定，意为“……的确如此”
(4)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型So it is/was with ...或It is/was the same with ...
①You can't cancel the contract, nor/neither_can_I.
你不能取消这个合同，我也不能。

②—Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.
—So_he_is and so_are_you.
——杰克对中国文化和民族音乐非常痴迷。

——他的确如此，你也是。

③He is very clever but he doesn't work hard; it_is_the_same_with/so_it_is_with his sister.
他很聪明，但不努力，他姐姐也是这样。

4．the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...
This is important because the_more you speak English, the_better your English will become.
这很重要，因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就越高。

(1)the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……，就越……
(2)the more ..., the less ... 越……，越不……
①The more a person reads, the wiser he will_become (become)
一个人书读得越多就会变得越明智。

②The_more_careful_you_are,_the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。

[名师指津] “the＋比较级(...), the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级(...)”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The manager, together with his workers, was_invited (invite) to attend the party yesterday.
2．As everybody knows, the lazier (lazy) a person is, the more things he needs to do tomorrow.
3．After many days' voyage, they arrived in what was called America now.
4．—Was it because of his laziness that he didn't do the experiment successfully?
—No, it was because of his carelessness.
5．Her mother stands for the kind treatment of all children.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Taking part in eco­travel and you will find it will help you understand the importance of nature.Taking→T ake
2．What a bargain! The price of this dress is not half as many as that of the skirt.many→much
3．The book is such interesting that all of the students want to read it._such→so 4．She is satisfied that all her plans have succeeded one by another.by→after 5．It's ten years of hard work has made him succeed.work后加that
6．If you go to school early tomorrow, so do I．do→will
Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子
1．是因为坏天气运动会才不得不被推迟。

(强调句式)
It_was_because_of_bad_weather_that the sports meeting had to be put off.
2．参加英语演讲比赛是学习英语的一种很有帮助的方法。

(动名词短语作主语)
Taking_part_in_the_English_speech_competition is a helpful way to learn English.
3．你练习得越多，理解得就越透彻。

(the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...)
The_more_you_practice,_the_better_you_can_understand._
4．他和同伴约定互相帮助。

(bargain)
He made_a_bargain_with_his_partner to help each other.
5．他从地板上捡起帽子，重新戴在头上。

(pick up)
He picked_his_cap_up_from_the_floor and stuck it back on his head.
Ⅳ.句型转换
1．Tom can speak French and his brother can speak, too.
→Tom can speak French and so_can_his_brother.
2．If you don't attend the meeting, I won't, either.
→If you don't attend the meeting, neither_will_I.
3．They didn't finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss. So it was with us.
→They didn't finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss. It_was_the_same_with_us.
4．If you devote more time to practicing your spoken English, it will become more fluent.
→The_more_time you devote to practicing your spoken English, the_more_fluent it will become.
三、过语法、写作——写对写美高人一筹
(一)单元小语法——一般将来时的被动语态
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A new bridge is going to be_built (build) across the river to connect the two villages.
2．Hundreds of jobs will_be_lost (lose) if the factory closes.
3．Many old houses around our school will_be_pulled (pull) down next year and a large green area will be developed.
4．If more time is_given (give) to me, the problem will be worked out.
5．When the school is_set (set) up, the poor children will be educated there.
6. A 13­year agricultural science and technology innovation project will_be_launched (launch) later this year to improve China's level of technology and international competitiveness.
7. The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing will_be_published (publish) shortly.
8. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front is_expected_ (expect) to arrive.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．I'm sure that he will_be_highly_thought_of (被器重) by his employer in the future.(will)
2．A new road is_going_to_be_built (计划被建) around the lake next year. (be going to)
3. I hope I will_be_accepted_as (被接纳为) a member of your summer camp. (will)
4．The wedding is_going_to_be_held (举行) next week.(be going to)
5．The plan is_to_be_discussed (讨论) by the managers this week.(be to do) 6．You won't_be_allowed (不允许) to take so much luggage with you on the plane.(will)
7. The 32nd Olympic Games are_to_be_held (举行) in the city of Tokyo. (be to do)
8. If they don't pay attention to their behaviors, the cultural sites
will_be_destroyed_(将遭到破坏)．(will)
(二)课堂微写作练扩写——让意蕴更丰满
[题目要求]
假定你是李华。

上周你们学校举行了秋季运动会，请把下面短文扩写成100词左右的内容，给你的美国笔友Jack介绍你和你们班同学参加运动会的情况和感受。

Dear Jack，
How nice to hear from you again！Let me tell you something about the sports meeting held in our school last week.
The sports meeting was well­organized. There were a number of events to choose from. I took part in the 400 metres and finally I won the third place.
All in all, the sports meeting was a great success.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
[答案示例]
Dear_Jack，
How_nice_to_hear_from_you_again！Let_me_tell_you_something_about_the_sports_meeting_held_in_our_school_last_week .
The_sports_meeting_was_well­organized._There_were_a_number_of_events_to_cho ose_from,_such_as_basketball,_badminton,_400_metres_and_so_on._I_took_part_in_t he_400_metres_and_finally_I_was_the_third_one_who_passed_the_finishing_line._My _classmates_cheered_the_players_on_and_each_player_tried_his_best_to_win_honor_ for_his_class._Thanks_to_our_efforts,_our_class_won_the_first_place.
All_in_all,_the_sports_meeting_was_a_great_success_and_I_hope_more_activiti es_like_this_could_be_organized_in_the_future.
Yours_truly，
Li_Hua_
阅读理解提速练4篇阅读＋1篇七选五，限时35分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Here's a look at Bob Dylan's life through his legendary music.
“Song to Woody” (1962)
It was released on his debut album Bob Dylan in 1962.Dylan
expressed his respect for the legendary folk singer Woody Guthrie
in this early classic.
“The Times They Are A­Changin'” (1963)
It was released as the title track of his third album of the same
name, which launched him as a major voice in the new folk scene and
marked the beginning of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.Critic Michael Gray called it “the archetypical protest song.”
“Ballad in Plain D” (1964)
Dylan details his fractious relationship with Suze Rotolo in this long track from his fourth album, Another Side of Bob Dylan.Dylan scholar Clinton Heylin called it “an exercise of painful autobiography.”
“Like a Rolling Stone” (1965)
Chosen by Rolling Stone as number one on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, it was from the Highway 61 Revisited album and transformed Dylan's image from a folk singer to a rock star.He wrote it after returning from an exhausting tour of England.He was thinking about quitting the music business, but he worked out his frustrations about the public's demanding expectations of him through this song.
“All Along the Watchtower” (1968)
After a near­fatal motorcycle accident in 1966, Dylan went into seclusion for almost a year.He emerged with one of his greatest artistic achievements with this track from the John Wesley Harding album.Many critics have seen this song as a summing­up of Dylan's life and career.
“Gotta Serve Somebody” (1979)
In the late 1970s, Dylan underwent a conversion to born­again Christianity, taking five months off touring to attend Bible school.This yearning plea for meaning expressed his new religion.It was part of his Slow Train Coming rock­gospel album.
“Things Have Changed” (2000)
Written for the film Wonder Boys, this strange portrait of an aging star shuffling through show business won Dylan a Golden Globe and an Oscar.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。

让我们通过这些传奇音乐来寻觅鲍勃·迪伦的人生故事。

1．Which of the following reflects a more politicized Dylan?
A．“Ballad in Plain D”．
B．“Things Have Changed”．
C．“All Along the Watchtower”．
D．“The Times They Are A­Changin'”．
解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据“The Times They Are A­Chang in'” (1963)部分中的“marked the beginning of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.Critic Michael Gray called it ‘the archetypical protest song.’”可知选D项。

2．Which includes a song that shows Dylan's relationship with Suze Rotolo?
A．Bob Dylan. B．Slow Train Coming.
C．John Wesley Harding. D．Another Side of Bob Dylan.
解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据“Ballad in Plain D” (1964)部分中的“Dylan details his fractious relationship with Suze Rotolo in this long track from his fourth album, Another Side of Bob Dylan.”可知选D项。

3．When did Dylan release a song that expresses his new religion?
A．In 1965. B．In 1968.
C．In 1979. D．In 2000.
解析：选 C 细节理解题。

根据“Gotta Serve Somebody” (1979)部分中的“This yearning plea for meaning expressed his new religion.”可知选C项。

4．What can we learn from the text?
A．“Things Have Changed” describes an Oscar winning star.
B．“Like a Rolling Stone” expresses Dylan's unhappiness.
C．“Song to Woody” was released on Dylan's third album.
D．“All Along the Watchtower” was written to record Dylan's accident.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据“Like a Rolling Stone” (1965)部分中的“he worked out his frustrations about the public's demanding expectations of him through this song”可知选B项。

B
(2018·成都摸底测试)“Hungary？”I looked at my school headmaster in confusion.“I never mentioned wanting to go to Hungary.” And with that, my adventure started.
My name is Jonathan Diamond and I just finished an amazing school exchange year in Hungary.
Going on an exchange had always been my dream.When my high school offered an all­year program, I jumped at the opportunity.It would pay for almost everything and all I had to do was buy a plane ticket.I knew where I wanted to go: Spain, the
country of dancers wearing flowing red dresses.So when I heard that I was going to Hungary, I was pretty shocked.But I decided to make the best of it, since it was, after all, a once­in­a­lifetime opportunity.Before I knew it, I was on the airplane, leaving for Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport, Hungary.
I had difficult times when I almost gave up.Hungarian is the hardest language on the planet. Cultural differences occasionally embarrassed both my peers and me.I had to give up eating carrots, my beautiful favorite, for Hungarians think carrots are rubbish in their country.The change in the landscape was amazing, looking nothing like skyscrapers, bullet trains, cars, and people in tiny houses that I had been accustomed to.Gradually, I fell in love with the relaxing lifestyle, the warm­hearted people, and getting home at 2：30 p．m.at the latest from school.And I was sad to leave on my very last day.
Having the host family who took me as one of their own members was the best thing I've ever experienced.From my little sisters, I learned how to embrace life to its fullest.From my brothers I learned that it's OK for a boy to run around the house.From my host parents I learned to stay positive, to smile and that when you pick the right people and take their hands, suddenly, you become friends.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者作为一个交换生在国外学习的经历和感受。

5．How did Jonathan feel when he was told to go to Hungary?
A．Excited and satisfied.
B．Confused and shocked.
C．Amazed and embarrassed.
D．Delighted and interested.
解析：选 B 细节理解题。

根据首段中的“I looked at my school headmaster in confusion.”可知，作者听到这个消息很迷惑；再结合第三段中的“So when I heard that I was going to Hungary, I was pretty shocked.”可知，选项B正确。

6．Why did Jonathan still decide to go to Hungary instead of Spain?
A．He didn't like Spain.
B．He wanted to learn Hungarian.
C．It was a rare chance.
D．Going to Hungary was much cheaper.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“But I decided to make the best of it, since it was, after all, a once­in­a­lifetime opportunity.”可知，作者决定充分利用这次机会，因为毕竟这是一次千载难逢的机会，所以选项C正确。

a rare chance“一次
罕见的机会”。

7．What can we learn about Jonathan during his stay in Hungary?
A．He fell in love with eating carrots.
B．He couldn't wait to leave.
C．He was surprised by the landscape.
D．He quickly got used to the life there.
解析：选 C 推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“The change in the landscape was amazing”可知选项C正确。

8．According to Jonathan, the host family ________.
A．changed him completely
B．taught him how to dance well
C．treated him as equally as a student
D．showed him the good things of life
解析：选D 推理判断题。

根据最后一段内容可知，作者从寄宿家庭那里学到了很多人生哲学，他们向作者展现了生活中美好的事情，故选项D正确。

C
My friend Emily has three amazingly well­behaved children.They put their toys away when she tells them to, go to bed without making any noise, and even settle their own disagreements or quarrels.I actually witnessed her 3­year­old son John calmly asking for a truck back from a friend who had pulled it out of his hands suddenly.
Emily admits that her children have their moments —“They are kids after all！” —but she says that real discipline (纪律) challenges are not very often.“What's your secret？” I once asked, hoping she could impart some much­needed wisdom.“Do you threaten them with punishment, give them time­outs or praise them with prize s？”
I asked.Emily shook her head and said, “Nothing like that.If I've done anything right, it's that I've made it clear what I expect from them from the beginning.Now, all I have to do is set them an example and shoot them a look, and they know to control their behavior and obey rules.”
It may sound too good to be true, but experts agree that Emily has the right idea about teaching kids to behave.“When you make your expectations clear from the time your children are old enough to learn to walk, they accept or absorb those expectations and begin to expect the same thing from themselves，” says Sharon K．Hall, author of Raising Kids in the21st Century.In other words, since kids naturally want
to please their parents, they'll try to behave in the way that you've taught them to.In fact, experts say that kids as young as 18 months can understand and respond to their parents' expectations.
There is good news: Teaching self­control to a young child isn't as worrying as it sounds.“If you set out firm rules, tell them why, offer lots of praise and follow rules yourself at around age 2, your child will catch on faster, resist less, and finally behave better，” says Sharon.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。

作者向朋友询问如何让孩子行为举止优秀，朋友的回答看似简单，其实蕴含着很深的道理。

9．Why does the author mention John in the first paragraph?
A．To explain why he is so violent.
B．To indicate he behaves well.
C．To describe his dislike of quarrels.
D．To show his unwillingness to share.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

第一段主要描述了朋友的孩子所表现出的优秀的行为举止，作者具体列举的John的例子正是要说明这一点。

10．What does the underlined word “impart” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Offer. B．Prove.
C．Accept. D．Question.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。

由画线词的上下文内容可知，作者希望朋友可以透露自己是如何让孩子的行为变得如此优秀。

11．What leads children to meet parents' expectations according to Sharon?
A．Being taught self­control.
B．Longing for parents' praise.
C．Hoping to make parents happy.
D．Worrying about being punished.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

由第三段的“In other words, since kids naturally want to please their parents, they'll try to behave in the way that you've taught them to.”可知，孩子会为了取悦父母而遵守父母制定的规则。

12．What may be the best title for the text?
A．What rules should parents set out for kids?
B．When should kids be taught self­control?
C．The key to getting along well with kids
D．The secret to raising well­behaved kids
解析：选D 标题归纳题。

综合全文内容可知，文章是就“如何培养孩子优秀的行为举止”展开的。

D
For most of us, when we think of sports, we think of playing basketball at a neighborhood court or taking tennis classes at a local fitness club.But for some, sports mean something different: skydiving (跳伞) from an airplane thousands of feet above ground or snowboarding down the steepest of hills.Such sports are called extreme sports.Extreme sports are activities, mostly practiced by young people that involve great speed or height, present a certain element (元素) of danger, and require specialized equipment.And they are practiced by individuals who, rather than helping a team to win victory, push themselves to their own physical limits, overcoming personal and environmental obstacles (障碍) to achieve a personal goal.
Extreme sports give people the chance to do what they
want.For example, instead of going scuba diving, which focuses
on safety and the proper use of equipment, why not try and reach
great underwater depths without the assistance of breathing
equipment, a sport known as “free­diving”？
The X Games, held every summer and winter, are the Olympics of extreme sports.They are viewed by millions of people worldwide, and some of the athletes' faces might also be seen in Olympic events, like snowboarding or ski jumping.Fewer young people take up baseball or football, and many are in favor of sports like cave diving, kite surfing, or bungee jumping.
Extreme sports are big business, because they have become so popular.Corporations have realized that they can make a lot of money by buying expensive advertising time dur ing the X Games or hiring a well­known athlete to advertise a product.Extreme sports fashion has also become a huge money­maker for corporations.The loose clothing by big­name designers, along with the accessories (装饰品) such as sunglasses, hats, and gloves, are expensive, lending weight to the argument that extreme sports have gone with the greed of large companies.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

极限运动是一项可以最大限度地发挥自我身心潜能，向自身挑战的娱乐体育运动，悄然成为都市青年最流行、最持久的时尚运动。

13．What do we know about extreme sports?
A．They are popular with every age group.
B．They are friendly to the environment.。