“甲减”居然有这么多症状

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1、溃疡病：春季机体代谢增高、胃酸分泌增加，易引发溃疡病。

2024·02家庭科学·新健康
身体管理身体管理·全科医生
常见症状有哪些甲状腺功能减退的患者在患病早期
症状并不是特别明显，所以很容易被忽视。

如果出现以下症状，应多加注意：
1.怕冷：患者通常会出现怕冷的症
状，主要是由于甲状腺激素分泌不足所致。

这种情况多见于老年人，还有部分
女性。

2.体重增加：如果你的体重在短时间
内增加了很多，这可能是甲状腺功能减退的征兆。

3.疲劳和虚弱：患者常感疲劳、虚弱，这是由于身体缺乏足够的甲状腺激素所致。

4.肌肉和关节疼痛：如果身体长期缺
乏甲状腺激素，也可能会有这种情况。

5.皮肤变薄、干燥、粗糙：由于身体缺乏足够的激素，皮肤可能会变得更加干燥、粗糙和灰暗。

6.心血管系统异常：患者会出现心跳缓慢、心慌、胸闷等症状。

7.消化系统异常：患者会出现食欲减
退、便秘等症状，严重时还会出现严重的
营养不良。

8.其他症状：当甲状腺功能减退症发
展到一定程度时，会导致患者出现严重的贫血等情况。

发病原因多样甲状腺功能减退是由于多种原因导
致的，其主要包括：自身免疫性甲状腺
炎、甲状腺破坏、药物、碘缺乏或过量等。

1.自身免疫性甲状腺炎：是因为自身免疫系统对甲状腺组织的破坏导致的甲状腺功能减退，其中最常见的是桥本甲
状腺炎。

2.甲状腺破坏：如甲状腺手术、放射性碘治疗等。

3.药物：如治疗甲状腺功能亢进的硫
脲类药物，治疗精神疾病的锂盐，以及胺碘酮等。

4.碘缺乏或过量：多见于婴幼儿和儿
童期，主要由于饮食中缺乏碘造成的。

患儿表现为生长迟缓、智力低下等症状。

另外，碘过量也可能会导致甲状腺功能减退。

近年来，甲状腺功能减退的发病率逐年上升。

由于该病发病比较隐
匿，极易被人忽视，因而易延误治疗。

康点通
“甲减”居然有这么多症状□文/陈显胜（北京霍普医院主治医师）
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家庭科学新健康健一2024·02全科医生
·身体管理康点通
5.其他原因：包括脑垂体疾病、先天性原因等。

甲减的危害有哪些1.皮肤变得干燥粗糙，指甲变脆，容易折断。

2.情绪低落、记忆力减退、反应迟钝、嗜睡甚至昏迷。

3.新陈代谢缓慢，水肿、体重增加。

4.心脏受累，可以出现心跳减慢，甚至心脏扩
大、心包积液及心力衰竭。

5.厌食、腹胀、便秘、肌肉软弱无力、关节疼痛、贫血。

6.头发变得稀疏和褪色。

患上甲减会严重影响生活质量和工作效率，需
要及时进行治疗。

另外，甲状腺功能减退还会导致
内分泌失调、不孕不育等问题。

如果女性患上甲减，会出现月经不调、不孕不育、月经量过多等症状；男性患上甲减则会出现性功能减退、阳痿等问题；老年人患上甲减则会出现记忆力减退、便秘等症状。

治疗掌握六要点1.患者在甲状腺功能减退的初期，一般采取药物
治疗。

这种治疗方法很安全，而且很方便。

患者只需要每天按时服药，定期到医院检测相关指标即可。

2.如果患者病情比较严重，还需要对症治疗。

比如：患者出现甲状腺肿大时，可以用激素控制肿大的
甲状腺；如果患者出现心脏功能减退，可小剂量开始补充甲状腺激素；如果患者出现肝功能减退，可适当
补充一些维生素。

3.甲减患者应该注意饮食，平时应该多吃一些富
含蛋白质和维生素的食物。

比如：鱼类、豆制品、新鲜的水果蔬菜等；并且要少吃含有咖啡因的食物，比如：咖啡、浓茶、巧克力等。

另外，还要注意不要吃生冷寒凉的食物，如苦瓜、西瓜等。

患有粘液性水肿的
患者，应适当补充液体和热量；患有心脏疾病的患者，需要适当补充微量元素等。

除此之外，还要注意
避免情绪波动过大或者经常熬夜。

4.在治疗期间，还需要根据医生的建议选择合适
的药物来进行治疗。

比如：甲状腺激素可以用来替代药物进行治疗；另外，还可以用左甲状腺素替代治疗。

这两种药物都可以很好地控制病情的发展，缓
解症状。

5.治疗期间还要注意定期复查甲状腺功能等相
关指标。

比如：在治疗过程中如果出现了白细胞减
少或者贫血等异常情况时，应该及时进行调整；如果出现了骨质疏松和关节疼痛等症状时，应该及时进行药物治疗。

6.甲状腺功能减退症是一种慢性病，需要长期服
药来控制病情发展。

所以患者在平时应该保持乐观积极的心态，并且要保持规律的作息和饮食习惯。

积极防治是关键
1.饮食方面：患者应该以低脂、低盐饮食为主，
日常应该多吃一些新鲜的蔬菜和水果，少吃含胆固醇较高的食物，如鸡蛋、动物内脏等。

2.药物方面：如果患者存在甲减症状，需要及时
治疗，比如在医生指导下使用药物。

但需要注意的是，在使用药物治疗期间，一定要定期复查甲状腺功能。

3.生活方面：患者应该积极锻炼身体，增强体质，
多做一些有氧运动，如慢跑、游泳等；平时要注意劳逸结合，避免过度劳累；尽量减少熬夜，保持规律作息；
可以适当补充碘元素和维生素B 族等。

4.定期复查：如果出现甲减的症状时要及时治
疗。

31。