大学英语B作文训练题目与范文

开放英语3 阅读理解解题技巧及训练题目
阅读理解部分共3０分，每题为两分，共15个题，题型也是两种。

一种是常见的多项选择题，是四选一的多项选择，就是根据所读文章内容，选择所给问题的正确答案。

此类阅读理解题按测试的要点和方式大致归纳起来分为：要旨题、细节题、推断题和词汇题。

要旨题主要测试考生理解文章主旨和大意的能力，检查考生是否透彻理解了文章，通常文章的主题（Topic）或标题（Title）及主题思想（Main Ideas）提问。

在考试中这是一种极为常见的题。

此类要旨题的常见提问形式有：
1． What is the passage about?
2． What is the main subject / topic of the passage? 3． Which of the following can best sum up the passage? 4．The main / central idea of the passage is…. 5．The passage centers on the point that…
6．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
理解文章的要旨或大意，是理解一篇文章的关键所在，要想理解大意，一般比较有效的办法是看文章的标题，每一段的第一句和最后一句，因为那经常是主题句（topic sentence）所在的地方。

然后再加以概括总结，就离文章的大意不远了。

做这种题切忌不要断章取义，把某一段中的内容当成文章的大意。

细节题（Detail Questions）是要求考生把握文章的具体内容的一种基本题型，也是考试中最频繁的一种题。

细节题通常对文章的某一部分进行提问，且提问的语言也比较肯定。

它针对文章中的时间、地点、人物及相关的性质、特点、数量或数字等，要求回答What, when, where, who, how, why等特殊疑问句或根据有关内容进行判断，此类题的常见形式有：
1． According to the passage, who (what, when, where, why, how , how many/ much, how long, how often)…?
2． Which of the following is (NOT) true/ correct/ mentioned/ referred to (according to / in the passage)? 3． All the following are (NOT) true/ correct/ mentioned / referred to EXCEPT…
4．The passage / author states that / tells us that…5．...because…
就细节题而言，由于所提问信息在短文中比较明晰，而且答案在文中均按一定顺序给出，无需太多运用分析、归纳、推理等技巧，要寻找的主要事实和特定细节都可以在文章中找到。

但是要注意一点：出题人总爱设点障碍，绕绕弯子，使考生弄不清楚问题指的是哪一件事情，哪个细节，造成信息寻找上的困难。

另一方面，有时正确的答案是文中相关信息的复述，只是所用文字或结构与原文不尽相同；有时正确的答案需要考生稍加总结推理才能得出。

这就要求考生在认真阅读后仔细琢磨，保持一个清醒的答题思路。

下面是推理题和词汇题。

推理题在我们这门考试中不多见，我们在这里也不花时间多说了。

词汇题主要是推测词的语境意义，即词汇在特定语篇中的特殊含义。

要求考生在阅读的过程中，从对语篇中的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解出发，猜测某些生词、难词、关键词或熟词派生的新意。

总的来说，猜测词义可用两种方法：一是利用上下文的线索；二是利用构词法。

在考试中，考题常常侧重于检测考生利用上下文的线索来猜测词义的能力。

在这种方法中，上下文的线索往往包括上下文的语义关系、逻辑关系和句子结构。

The distinctive‘golden arch’ can now be seen in most major cities in the world.
“Distinctive” in t he above sentences means ______________.
A. easily recognizable
B. very expensive
上文中distinctive的意思也可以从紧接着的下文找到线索，既see那么可以在世界许多地方见到，选easily recognizable容易认出的，就比较合适了。

做这种题需要注意的是一定要把单词放在所给的上下文中，千万不要一看到选项就根据记忆做出选择，有时候可能所有的选项都是这个词的意思，要求大家选择的是它在文中的意思。

此外需要强调的是做阅读理解题时, 所选择的答案一定是基于对文章本身理解做出的判断,文章以外得不算.
另一种是根据阅读内容做正误和未提及判断题，具体要求是这样的：
阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是正确(T), 错误(F)，还是文章中没有涉及相关信息(NG)。

（每题2分，共10分）做这种题，常常与文章的细节相关，应能在文章中找到依据。

Passage 1
No one is glad to hear that his body has to be cut open by a surgeon（外科医生）and part of it taken out．Today，however，we needn't worry about feeling pain during the operation．The sick person falls into a kind of sleep，and when he awakes，the operation is finished．But these happy conditions are fairly new．It is not many years since a man who had to have operation felt all its pain．
Long ago，operation had usually to be done while the sick man could feel everything．The sick man had to be held down on a table by force while the doctors did their best for him．He could feel all the pain if his leg or arm was being cut off，and his fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched．Soon after 1770，Josept Priestley discovered a gas which is now called “laughing gas”．Laughing gas became known in America．Young men and women went to parties to try it．Most of them spent their time laughing，but one man at a party，Horace Wells，noticed that people didn't seem to feel pain when they were using this gas．He decided to make an experiment on himself．He asked a friend to help him．Wells took some of the gas，and his friend pulled out one of Well's teeth．Wells felt no pain at all．
As he didn't know enough about laughing gas，he gave a man less gas than he should have．The man cried out with pain when his tooth was being pulled out．Wells tried again，but this time he gave too much of the gas，and the man died．Wells never forgot this terrible event．
1．It is ＿＿＿＿since a man being operated felt all the pain．
A．a few more years B．not many years
C．few years D．two thousand years
2．Long ago，when the sick man was operated on，he ＿＿＿＿．A．could feel nothing B．could not want anything
C．could feel all the pain D．could do anything
3．Using the laughing gas，the people did not seem to ＿＿＿＿．A．be afraid of anything B．feel pain
C．want to go to the parties D．be ill
4．If a man took less laughing gas than he should have when an operation went on, he ＿＿.
A．felt nothing B．felt very comfortable（舒服的）
C．still felt pain D．would die
5．One who took too much of the laughing gas ＿＿＿．
A．would laugh all the time B．would die
C．would never feel pain D．would be very calm
参考答案：BCBCB
Passage 2
Barbara Jordan, one of the most respected lawyers and politicians in the United States, was the first black woman from the South to be elected to Congress.
She was born in Houston, Texas, on February 21, 1936. Right from the start, she set high standards for herself in school．
In high school, Miss Jordan decided to become a lawyer．At Texas Southern University she studied political science and history and graduated in 1956 at the top of her class．By 1959 she had earned a law degree from Boston University．Miss Jordan began practicing law at her parents’ dining room table．Three years later she opened her own office.
The restless Miss Jordan first broke into politics in 1966，becoming the first black woman elected to the Texas senate. After an impressive record as a state senator, she entered the national scene．
In 1972 she won a seat in the U．S．House Of Representatives．During her time in office she was devoted to helping minorities，the poor, and the elderly．“My approach is to respect the humanity of everybody，”she once said. That’ just the way Barbara Jordan was．
1．Miss Jordan decided to become a lawyer________.
A. before she ever started school
B. when she was in high school
C. while she was in Congress
D. as soon as she finished her school
2．What did she study at Boston University?________.
A．History and science B．Law C．Political science D．Politics and history
3. The word “restless” in Paragra ph5 means in its sentence_______．
A. having no rest all days and nights
B. being nervous and impatient
C. having too much rest
D.not satisfied with me life she was living and wanting to have some new experience
4．In her political life she won________in 1972．
A．a law degree B．an appointment to the president’s cabinet
C．a seat in the state senate D．a seat in the U．S．Congress
5．Miss Jordan was the first black woman_________.
A．to be appointed as an ambassador B．from the South to be elected to Congress C．to be appointed to the congress D．to win a national election
参考答案：1. B 2. B 3.D 4. D 5. B
Passage 3
Many a young person tell me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people，but I also explain that there's a big difference between being a writer and writing．In most cases they are dreaming of wealth and fame，not the long hours alone at a typewriter. “You’ve got to want to write,” I say to them, “not want to be a writer.”
The reality is that writing is a lonely，private and poor-paying affair only a few writers were kissed by fortune, however there are thousands more whose work is
never rewarded．When I did a 20-year career in the U．S．Coast Guard lo become a freelance writer, I had no proposals at all. What I did have was a friend who found me in my room in a New York department building. I didn’t even care that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used typewriter and felt like a good writer.
After a year I still hadn’t got a b reak and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that I hardly made enough to eat．But I knew 1 wanted to write．I had dreamed about it for years．I wasn't going to be one of those people who did wondering “What if”. I would keep putting my drea m to the test，even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure．
This is the Shadow land of hope，and anyone with a dream must learn to live there．
1l. The passage is meant to_______．
A．warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience B．advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer C．show young people it’s unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame
D．encourage young people to pursue a writing career
12．What can be concluded from the passage? _______.
A．Good writers often find their work interesting and rewarding
B．Writer's success depends on luck rather than on effort
C．Famous writers usua1ly live in poverty and isolation
D．The chances for a writer t0 become successful are small
13．Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?
_______．
A．Because he wasn’t able to produce a single book
B．Because he hadn't seen a change for the better
C．Because he wasn't able to have a rest for a whole year
D．Because he found his dream would never come true
14．The word “people” in the sentence“…people who did wondering…’’in Paragraph 3 refers to those _______．
A．who think a lot without making a decision
B．who regret giving up their career halfway
C．who think too mach of the positive side of life
D．who are full of imagination even upon death
15.“Shadowland '’in the last sentence refers to_______．
A．the wonderful land one often dreams about
B．the bright future that one is looking forward to
C．the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached
D．a word that exists only in one's imagination
参考答案：1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C。