非谓语动词精析精练

一、非谓语动词：顾名思义，就是不能直接在句中作谓语，必须和be动词、助动词等连用，方能构成谓语。

如：I am doing my homework now. 非谓语动词独立使用时，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。

如：To make this cake (目的状语), you'll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.
1. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.
2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.
3. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, running away.
4. Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
5. Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
6. falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子V S fallen leaves 落叶（着地了）
boiling water 正在沸腾的水VS boiled water 开水（已沸腾过）
三、非谓语动词的逻辑主语（解题关键）：
(1) 一般说来，句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

解题时，应认真判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语的主、被动关系。

1. (see) from the top of the hill, we find our school looks more beautiful.
2. (see) from the top of the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
3. While watching television, __________.
A. the doorbell rang
B. we heard the doorbell ring
(2) 自己带有逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

如：
1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.
2. He stood at the window, the sun shining upon his face. 他站在窗前，阳光洒在他脸上。

3. Everything taken into consideration, his work is well done. 总的来说，他的工作干得不错。

(3) 非谓语动词作定语：解题时，应认真分析其与所修饰的词在时、体、态上的逻辑关系。

通常情况下，可以转化成定语从句，帮助理解。

如：
1. Prices of daily goods (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
→ Prices of daily goods which are bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
2. There is a great deal of evidence (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
→ There is a great deal of evidence which indicates that music activities engage … the brain.
3. We are invited to a party (hold) in our club next Friday.
→ We are invited to a party which is to be held in our club next Friday.
(4) 非谓语动词作宾语补足语：解题时，应认真分析其与宾语的逻辑关系。

如：
1. Listen! Do you hear someone(call) for help?
2. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English(speak) as much as we can.
1 I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for my dad.
2. Try not to worry if you don’t understand every word of the passage.
3. We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
4. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang who was reported to have broken the world record in the 110-metre hurdle race.
5. Beer is known to have been drunk in ancient times.
6. She pretended to be reading when her mother came in. 她妈妈进来的时候她假装正在看书。

7. You seem to have been waiting for the invitation for a long time.
8. Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
9. Not realizing that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
10. Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
11. Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
12. Having been told many times, he finally understood it.
13. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.
14. Not permitted to pass, he stood outside impatiently. 因为没有被允许，他只得不耐烦地站在外面。

五、动词搭配(常见动词句型如下)：
(1) prep. + doing; (2) V + doing; (3) V+ to do; (4) V+ O + to do; (5) V+ O + do; (6) V+ O + doing;
(7) V+ O + done; (8) etc.
◆ (2014全国卷2.41) One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about (be) late for school.
(2016全国卷1.67) My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
♦ (2015四川卷短文改错71) It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.
⌧ (2016全国卷2.69) If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home.
⍓ (北师大版模块1U1L1) It takes me less than fifteen minutes (wash), get (change),have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus. 不到15分钟，我就完成了洗漱、换衣服、离家、坐上公共汽车。

六、非谓语动词VS 谓语动词
解题技巧：当一个含有动词提示词的句子没有谓语，这时我们就要大胆使用时态和语态；当一个句子已经有了谓语，而所给的动词提示词之前没有连词，这时我们就要考虑使用非谓语动词。

◆ The moon (travel) round the earth. 月亮环绕地球运转。

“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, (run) away.
♦The sun was shining and birds (sing).阳光照耀，鸟儿啼啭。

⌧ One learns a language by making mistakes and(correct) them.
1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. (2016.1.66)
2. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs. (2016.
3.63)
3. People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. (2016.3.64)
4. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something (eat)! (2016SC64)
5. A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (2015.1.68.)
6. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (2015.1.70.)
7. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. (2015.2.61.)
8. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use) electric equipment. (2015.2.64.)
9. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day. (2015.1.66.)
10. It took years of work (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water. (2014.1.65.)
11. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and
(disappoint). (2014.2.43.)
12. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused (stop) until we
2. (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
3. (stay) warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
4. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail(wait) for her.
5. (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
6. Let those in need (understand) that we will go all out to help them.
7. The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
8. (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
9. (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
10. He told us whether (have) a picnic was still under discussion.
11. David threatened (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
12. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left
(satisfy).
13. My advisor encouraged me (take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.
14. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car (wash).
15. With a lot of difficult problems (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
16. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried (live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
17. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
18. It remains (see) whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the final s.
19. Listen! Do you hear someone (call) for help?
20. — The last one (arrive) pays the meal.
— Agreed!
21. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only (find) his plane high up in the sky.
22. He was busy writing a story, only (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
23. I got to the office earlier that day, (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.
24. The witnesses (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
25. The sun began to rise in the sky, (bathe) the mountain in golden light.
26. You cannot accept an opinion (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
27. I stopped the car (take) a short break as I was feeling tired.
28. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words (use) in daily conversations.
29. The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand) in one corner.
30. (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
31. Anyone, once (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
32. There are some health problems that, when not (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.
33. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
34. (not know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
35. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, (kill) all four people on board. 2016-12-13
一、非谓语动词：顾名思义，就是不能直接在句中作谓语，必须和be动词、助动词等连用，方能构成谓语。

如：I am doing my homework now. 非谓语动词独立使用时，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。

如：To make this cake (目的状语), you'll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.
1. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.
2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.
3. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, running away.
4. Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
5. Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
6. falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子V S fallen leaves 落叶（着地了）
boiling water 正在沸腾的水VS boiled water 开水（已沸腾过）
三、非谓语动词的逻辑主语（解题关键）：
(1) 一般说来，句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

解题时，应认真判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语的主、被动关系。

1. Seeing (see) from the top of the hill, we find our school looks more beautiful.
2. Seen (see) from the top of the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
3. While watching television, __________.
A. the doorbell rang
B. we heard the doorbell ring
(2) 自己带有逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

如：
1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.
2. He stood at the window, the sun shining upon his face. 他站在窗前，阳光洒在他脸上。

3. Everything taken into consideration, his work is well done. 总的来说，他的工作干得不错。

(3) 非谓语动词作定语：解题时，应认真分析其与所修饰的词在时、体、态上的逻辑关系。

通常情况下，可以转化成定语从句，帮助理解。

如：
1. Prices of daily goods bought (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
→ Prices of daily goods which are bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
2. There is a great deal of evidence indicating (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
→ There is a great deal of evidence which indicates that music activities engage … the brain.
3. We are invited to a party to be held (hold) in our club next Friday.
→ We are invited to a party which is to be held in our club next Friday.
(4) 非谓语动词作宾语补足语：解题时，应认真分析其与宾语的逻辑关系。

如：
1. Listen! Do you hear someone calling (call) for help?
2. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken (speak) as much as we can.
1 I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for my dad.
2. Try not to worry if you don’t understand every word of the passage.
3. We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
4. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang who was reported to have broken the world record in the 110-metre hurdle race.
5. Beer is known to have been drunk in ancient times.
6. She pretended to be reading when her mother came in. 她妈妈进来的时候她假装正在看书。

7. You seem to have been waiting for the invitation for a long time.
8. Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
9. Not realizing that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
10. Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
11. Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
12. Having been told many times, he finally understood it.
13. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.
14. Not permitted to pass, he stood outside impatiently. 因为没有被允许，他只得不耐烦地站在外面。

五、动词搭配(常见动词句型如下)：
(1) prep. + doing; (2) V + doing; (3) V+ to do; (4) V+ O + to do; (5) V+ O + do; (6) V+ O + doing;
(7) V+ O + done; (8) etc.
◆ (2014全国卷2.41) One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 41 being (be) late for school.
(2016全国卷1.67) My ambassadorial duties will include introducing (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
♦ (2015四川卷71) It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. 1. share → to share;
⌧ (2016全国卷2.69) If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 69 to bring (bring) your work home.
⍓ (北师大版模块1U1L1) It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash (wash), get changed (change), have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus. 不到15分钟，我就完成了洗漱、换衣服、离家、坐上公共汽车。

六、非谓语动词VS 谓语动词
解题技巧：当一个含有动词提示词的句子没有谓语，这时我们就要大胆使用时态和语态；当一个句子已经有了谓语，而所给的动词提示词之前没有连词，这时我们就要考虑使用非谓语动词。

◆ The moon travels (travel) round the earth. 月亮环绕地球运转。

“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, running (run) away.
♦The sun was shining and birds were singing (sing).阳光照耀，鸟儿啼啭。

⌧ One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting (correct) them.
1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. (2016.1.66)
2. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 to create (create) special designs. (2016.
3.63)
3. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 using (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. (2016.3.64)
4. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 64 to eat (eat)! (2016SC64)
5. A study of travelers 68 conducted (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (2015.1.68.)
6. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 70 living (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (2015.1.70.)
7. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. (2015.2.61.)
8. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 64 using (use) electric equipment. (2015.2.64.)
9. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 to cool (cool) the house during the hot day. (2015.1.66.)
10. It took years of work 65 to reduce (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water. (2014.1.65.)
11. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and 43 disappointed (disappoint). (2014.2.43.)
12. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 46 to stop (stop) until we
2. Finding (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
3. To stay (stay) warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
4. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting (wait) for her.
5. Founded (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
6. Let those in need understand (understand) that we will go all out to help them.
7. The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
8. Knowing (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
9. Hearing (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
10. He told us whether to have (have) a picnic was still under discussion.
11. David threatened to report (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
12. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left unsatisfied (satisfy).
13. My advisor encouraged me to take (take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.
14. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed (wash).
15. With a lot of difficult problems to settle (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
16. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried living (live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
17. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
18. It remains to be seen (see) whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.
19. Listen! Do you hear someone calling (call) for help?
20. — The last one to arrive (arrive) pays the meal.
— Agreed!
21. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find (find) his plane high up in the sky.
22. He was busy writing a story, only stopping (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
23. I got to the office earlier that day, having caught (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.
24. The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
25. The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.
26. You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
27. I stopped the car to take (take) a short break as I was feeling tired.
28. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used (use) in daily conversations.
29. The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand) in one corner.
30. Having eaten (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
31. Anyone, once tested (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
32. There are some health problems that, when not treated (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.
33. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
34. Not knowing (not know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
35. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing (kill) all four people on board. 2016-12-13。