广东自考英语语言学真题

2011 年 1 月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷课程代码
06422）
I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word ,whose initial letter has been given.
1.The 3 branches of phonetics are labeled articulatory phonetics ,auditory phonetics ,and
a__________ phonetics.
2.When 2 different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in
the same place in the strings ,they are said to be in a m_________ pair .
3.R__________ motivation refers to the fact that learners learn a second language for external purposes .
ter Noam Chomsky prefers this innate endowment as UG ,i.e. U_____ Grammar.
5. In "NP（→Deg )A(pp)", the dots in the rule indicate that other c options are available .
6.The articulatory apparatus of human being are contained in 3 important areas :the p______ cavity，
the oral cavity ,and the nasal cavity.
7.L________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community .
8.H________ refers to the sense relation between a more general ,more inclusive word and a more specific word .
9.The description of a language at a given point in time is a s______ study.
10.The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication is called p_________.
11.The structure corresponding to the final syntactic output of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations is called s______ structure.
12.The term d________, first used by Ferguson in 1959,refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism .
13.Learners' independent system of the second language which is of neither the second language is known as i______.
14.The sound ［ p］ in pit is pronounced with a strong puff of air, which is said to be a________.
15.C_______ model states that in word comprehension words are analyzed by hearers from beginning
to end.
16.S______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form and is the collection of all
the features of the linguistic form .
17.Major lexical categories are Noun, Verb , Adjective , and P___________.
18.S_______ is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between linguistic and society between the uses of language and social structures.
19.P________ is concerned with the progress of language comprehension and production.
20.Linguistics studies not any particular language ,but languages in g____.
II. Multiple choice(20%)Choose the best answer to the following items.
21.__refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed .
A.Syntax
B. Etymology
C. Lexicology
D. Morphology
22.___ aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication .
A. Phonetics
B. Phonemics
C. Phonology
D. Phonotactics
nguage ___ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language.
A. aptitude
B. competence
C. performance
D. attitude
24.___ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional ,social, gender, and age variations .
25.A(n) ___ is a word formed by combining parts of other words , e.g. smog .
A. back -formation
B. blend
C. abbreviation
D. clipping
26.The traditional and the only way to study the brain in the past was through ____ studies .
A. experimental
B. surgical
C. autopsy
D. observational
27.___ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form ,i.e. Different words are identical in sound or spelling ,or in both .
A. Polysemy
B. Synonym
C. Homophone
D. Homonymy
28.The arrow in the phrase structure rule "S→ NP VP " is read as ___.
A. is equal to
B. generates
C. has
D. consists of
29.___ of neighbouring sound is , for the most part ,caused by articulatory or physiological progress .
A. Assimilation
B. Formalization
C. Derivation
D. Patterning
30.The drive that people learn a foreign language because of the wish to identify with the target culture
is called ____ motivation .
A. instrumental
B. resultative
C. integrative
D. intrinsic
31There are different types of affixes pr morphemes .The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as
a(n) __.
A.derivational morpheme
B. free morpheme
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free form
32.If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyzed the language people actually use ,it is said to be ___
A. descriptive
B. prescriptive
C. synchronic
D. diachronic
33.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by __ in 1957.
A. L. Bloomfield
B. F. Saussure
C. N. Chomsky
D.M.A.K Halliday
34.Of the following sound combination ,only ___ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English .
A. mible
B. bmil
C. imlb
D. ilbm
35Which of the following English words is formed by clipping ?
C. baby-sit
D. disco
36 Of the following words ,____ belongs to the open class word .
A. emai
B. but
C. the
D. they
37The sense relation for the pair of words "doctor and patient "is
__ A. synonymy B. hyponymy C. antonymy D. homonymy
38In learning a foreign language,instances of mother tongue interference can be found act the level of ___.
A. pronunciation
B. vocabulary
C. syntax
D. all of the above
39According to F .de Saussure,____ refers to the system of language .
A. langue
B. parole
C. competence
D. performance
40.The utterance "We 're already working 25 hours a day, 8 days a week " obviously violates the maxim of ___
A. quality
B. quantity
C. relation
D. manner
III. True of false judgement (20%)Judge whether the following statements are true or
false .Write T in ye corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one .
41.Damage to parts of the brain in front of the central sulcus will cause fluent aphasia .
42.D-structure is formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head's supercanonization properties .
43.An illocution act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something .It is the consequence
of the utterance .
44.The LAD was described as an imaginary "black box "which is said to contain rules that are
specific only to human languages .
ponential analysis is a way proposed by the structure semantics to analyze lexical word meaning .
46.Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakersand takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction .
47.Acronyms are words derives from the initials and ending of several words .
48.Diglossia refers to the dialect having to do with separation brought about by different social
conditions.
49.In daily life people often see the situation in which adult speak differently when talking to little
children ,they use a special speech called motherese.
50.Phonology is the study of how speech sounds are produced by human speech
organs IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)
51.broad transcription vs narrow transcription
52.selection restriction
53.speech act theory
54.Critical Period Hypothesis
55.Draw a tree diagram for the surface structure of "A man will find the dog"
V. Write a passage of 120-150 words on the following topic .(15%)
56. What are the major views concerning the study of meaning ?
部分参照答案：
1. acoustic
2. minimal
3. Resultative
4. Universal
5. complement
6. pharyngeal
7. Langue
8. Hyponymy 10. pragmatics
12. diaglossia 13. Interlanguage 14. aspirated15. Cohort
16. Sense 17. Preposition 18. Siciolinguistics 19. Psycholinguistics 20. general
21. D 24.A 25. B 26. C
31. C 34. A
2011 年 10 月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷（课程代码06422）
I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.
1.The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his linguistic r_______.
2.I________ motivation refers to learners learning the second language for enjoyment or pleasure from learning.
3.The phonetic transcription, n______ transcription ,is normally used by phoneticians to give
minute and detailed descriptions of speech sounds.
4. The way that new words are coined from already existing words by“ subtracting” an be part of the old word is called b_______.
5.The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic f_______.
6.In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be
the continual process of cultural t________ across generations.
7.P______ is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.
8.When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart to let air go through without vibration, the sounds
thus produced are v_________.
9.The social group that is singled out for any special study is named as the s_______ community.
10.According to N. Chomsky, c________ refers to the ideal user ’ sknowledge of the rules of his language .
11.P_____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
12.The notion of c_______ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.
13.Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called f_____ aphasia.
14.The c__________ view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from
or reduce meaning to observable contexts.
15.Lexical d________ task is a kind of experiment psycholinguistics employ to investigate lexical access.
16.A theory which explicitly employs the notion “ concept” isthe semantic t________ proposed by Ogden and Richards in their book The Meaning of Meaning.
17. Clear [ l ] and dark [ l ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_________ distribution.
18. Since there are often intermediate forms between the two members of an antonymous pair, so they are called g________ antonyms.
19.S_______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
20.A t_______ experiment is a technique that is used to study the determinants of sentence processing difficulty.
II. Multiple choice(15%)Choose the best answer to the following items.
21.Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes,_______, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed , added , lost or altered.
A. phrases
B. sentences
C. morphemes
D. utterance
22. The consonant [ f ] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features :
A. voiceless, bilabial, stop
B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative
C. voiced , bilabial, stop
D. voiced, labiodental, fricative
23.The study of language as a whole is often called ______.
A. universal linguistics
B. common linguistics
C. prescriptive linguistics
D. general linguistics
24.In the phrase structurerule“ S→ NP VP，”the arrow can be read as _______.
A. is equal to
B. consists of
C. has
D. generates
25.The illocutionary point of _____is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.
A. representatives
B. commissives
C. expressives D declarations
26.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _____ in 1957.
A. L. Bloomfield
B. F. Saussure
C. N. Chomsky
D.M.A.F. Halliday
27._____ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language because of the wish to identify with the target culture.
A. Instrumental
B. Functional
C. Integrative
D. Social
28.While different words may have the same or similar meaning , the same word may have more than one meaning. This kind of words are called _________.
A. polysemic words
B. homographs
C. homonyms
D. synonyms
29.The term _____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. comparative
D. historical comparative
30.Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher ____ in the late 50 ’ s of the 20
A. M.A.F. Halliday
B. L. Bloomfield C . J. Searle D. J. Austin
31.If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behavior in using language ,it is
said to be _______.
A. descriptive
B. prescriptive
C. synchronic
D. diachronic
32.In the case of spit, the consonant [ p ] is said to be _____.
A. aspirated
B. voiced
C. unaspirated
D. unprounceable
33.What the element -“es ” indicates is third person singular ,present tense ,the element-ed ” past tense, “and “-ing ” progressive aspect .Since they are the smallest units of language and meaningful ,they are also _______.
A. phonemes
B. phones
C. allophones
D. morphemes
34.Synoymous are classified into several kinds .This kind to which ‘ lass ‘’girlbelong’isandcalled ___ synonyms.
A. stylistic
B. dialectal
C. emotive
D. collocational
35.In a speech community People have something in common _____: a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it..
B. linguistically
C. culturally
D. pragmatically
III. True of false judgement (20%)
36.The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between
the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops .
37. A creole is said to be formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech
community ,and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language .
38.Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down
the garden path to a wrong direction .
39. A phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can distinguish two words .
40.Register refers to the type of utterance which is selected as appropriate to the type oftypology .
41.Phonology studies the functioning of the speech sounds.
42.Predication analysis was proposed by the British linguist J. Searle to analyze the meaning of
utterance .
43.Specifiers have both special semantic and syntactic roles since they help make more precise the meaning of the head and mark a phrase boundary.
44.Different language offer people different ways of expressing the world around, they think and speak differently, this is also known as linguistic relativity.
45.Metacognitive strategies deal with the wayside learners interact or communicate with other speakers, native or non-native .
IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)
46.derivational morpheme
47.IPA( International Phonetic Alphabet)
48.cultural transmission
49.Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure
50.The naming theory
V. Essay question (20%)
51. According to Austin ,what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance ? Give an example.
参照答案
ology 13. fluent
21. C 22. B 24. B 28. A
42. F 43. T 45. F
46.Morphemes that change the meaning or lexical category of the words to which they attach. 47. It
is a standardized and internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription.
48.While human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e., we were all born with the ability to ac quire language, the details of any language system are not genetically transmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned.
Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by i nstinct 49. The first, formed by the XP rule in a accordance with the head's subcategorization propertie s ,is called deep stmcture.
The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate tr ansformations, is called surface structure
50.One of the oldest notions concerning meaning, and also a very primitive one, was the naming theor y proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. The words used in a language are taken to be labels of t he objects they stand for.
51. locutionary act ------the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It? s an act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. Namely .,the act of s aying something :the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.(言内行为指的
是用句子来表达，报告，描绘。

言行家为指话语过程自己，诸如：句法，词汇与发言
等。

) illocutionary act -----the act of expressing the speaker? s intention; it is the act performed in saying something ;its force is identical with the speaker? s intention. The making of a statement, offer promise, etc, in uttering a sentence, by virtue of the conve ntional force associated with it. the act of using a sentence to perform a function such as command, re quest, etc(言外行为是指说话过程中经过话语的一些商定俗成的关系力量进行陈说，承诺等。

说话
带有目的性。

)
perlocutionary act --- the act performed by or resulting from saying something, it? s the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act perfomed by saying so mething, the bringing about of effects on the audience by means of uttering the sentence, such effects b eing special to the circumstances. the results or effects that are produced by means of saying sth(言后行为是指行为自己就是发言的结果。

即发言所产生的感情，思想，行动等的某种反响。

) Illocutionary force: the intention or purpose underlying the act of saying sth. (speaker? s meaning) e.g. You have left the door wide open
The locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words “ you”“ have”“d oor ”“ open”etc. and expressed what the words literally mean. locutionary: utterance of all the word The illocutionary act performed by the speaker is that by making such an utterance, he has expre
ssed his intention of speaking ,i.e. asking sb. to close the door.“ ormaking a complaint The prelocutionary act refers to the effect of the utterance. If the hearer gets the speaker? s message and sees the speaker means to ask someone to close the door, the speaker has successfully br ought about the change in the real world he has intended to; then the prelocutionary act is successfully performed. perlocutionary : the hearer close the door or his refusal to comply with the request
2012 年 10 月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷（课程代码06422）
I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.
1.Three branches of phonetics are articulatory phonetics, a_______phonetics, and acoustic phonetics.
2.The word around which a phrase is formed is termed head , and the words on the right side of the
heads are c____________.
3.H__________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling ,or in both.
4.S__________ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.
5.There are two types of a__________ dyslexia: phonological dyslexia and surface dyslexia.
6.Different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around , they think and
speak differently , this is known as linguistic r_______.
7.The most basic and the smallest meaningful element of meaning is traditionally called m___________.
8.The i__________ view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between
the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which he develops.
9. C___________ determines the speaker ’ s use of language and also the hearer ’ s interpreta said to him
10. If the linguistic study aims lay down rules for “ correct and standard uage,”behavior.. in us to tell people what they should say and what they should not say, it is said to be p___________.
11. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “ v___________ ”.
12.R__________ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world.
13.A__________ refers to a number of acquired language disorder due to the cerebral lesions caused
by vascular problems, a tumor, an accident and so on.
14.Minor Lexical Categories refer to D_________, Degree word, Qualifier , Auxiliary and Conjunction.
15.Linguistics is a scientific study because it is based on the s_____________ investigation of
linguistic data.
16.Grammatical of functional words are referred to as being c_____
class words .
17.A p___________ is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by
people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading.
18.A________ are words derived from the initials of several words, such as WTO.
19.I________ motivation refers to the drive that people learn a foreign language because of the wish
to identify with the target culture.
20.Chomsky uses the term p________ to refer to the actual realization of the knowledge in linguistic communication.
II. Multiple choice(20%)Choose the best answer to the following items.
21. Different from contrastive analysis, _______ gave less consideration to learners’ native language
A . negative transfer B. mistake analysis
C. positive analysis
D. error analysis
22. The social group that is singled out for any special study is called the __________.
A. public society
B. common group
C. speech community
D. speech group
23.English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of _____ of articulation and
the other is in terms of place of articulation.
A. force
B. position
C. manner
D. pattern
广东自考英语语言学真题
24. ___________ analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning.
A. Componential
B. Contrastive
C. Comparative
D. Inflection
25.Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.
A. morphemes
B. elements
C. segments
D. constituents
26.____________ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order to communicate with native speakers of the target language.
A. Positive
B. Integrative
C. Instrumental
D. Intrinsic
27. The words on the left side of the heads are said to function as _______.
A. modifiers
B. qualifiers
C.specifiers
D. determiners
28.The following sounds belong to the same natural class EXCEPT____.
A.[t]
B.[s]
C.[p]
D.[k]
29. The sentence that has a NP and a PP can be shown in a ___ formula“ S→ NP PP”.
A. hierarchical
B. tree diagram
C. vertical
D. linear
30.If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to
be______.
A. prescriptive
B. descriptive
C. synchronic
D. diachronic
31.The relationship between“ flowerand“ rose“ ” is _______.
B. hyponymy
C. polysemy
D. synonymy
32.The pair of words“ andeast“ ”west“ is ________.
A. gradable antonyms
B.co-hyponyms
plementary opposite
D. relational opposites
33.Which of the following hypothesis is put forward by Eric Lenneberg?
A. Critical Period Hypothesis
B. Input Hypothesis
C. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
D. Language Acquisition Device Hypothesis
34.X: John has taken part in the London Olympic Games.
Y:John is a sportsman.
The sense relation between the above sentences is _____.
A. X entails Y
B. X is inconsistent with Y
C. X presupposesY
D. X is synonymous with Y
35.The word“ unreasonably”stsc o fnsi____ morphemes.
36.____ occurs when the Cooperative Principle is violated.
A. Locutionary act
B. Illocutionary act
C. Conversational implicature
D. Intralingual error
37.When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string, the two sound combinations are said to form a __________.
A. adjacency pairs
B. minimal pairs
C. complementary pairs
D. similar pairs
38. ” Brunch ” is a wordormedf by _____.
A. clipping
B. back-formation
C. coinage
D. blending
39.Which of the underlined morphemes below is a derivational morpheme?
A. started
B. jumping
C. physician
D. suffixes
40.____ is concerned with the processes of language comprehension and production.
广东自考英语语言学真题
A. Pragmatics
B. Morphology
C. Semantics
D. Psycholinguistics
III.True of false judgement (20%)
41.The brain, weighing about 1,400grams, consists of about ten billion nerve cells called neurons.
42.What is measured in the ing experiment is the extent to which the prime influences the
subject ’s psychological decision performance on the target stimulus.
43.According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.
44.Diacritics are added to the letter-symbols to bring out finer distinctions than the letters alone may possibly do.
45.Mode of discourse refers to the role of relationship in the situation in question.
46.” Languageis arbitrary ” means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds since different sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages.
47.Derivational morphemes are the group of morphemes such as–en,-ate, and–ic etc. Because when
they are conjoined to other morphemes (or words), a new word is derived of formed.
48.Locutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of,
or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something.
49.The cortex is separated by the longitudinal fissure into two parts: the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
50.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by N. Chomsky in 1967.
IV.Explain the following notions briefly (25%)
52.sense and reference
55.Draw a tree diagram for“ The girl bought the book.”
V. Essay question (15%)
Write a passage of 120-150words on the following topic .
56. What are suprasegmental features? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning?Illustrate your answer with concrete examples.
部分参照答案
2. complements
3. Homonymy 4 Sociolect 5. acquired 6. relativity
7. morpheme 8. interractionist9. Context
10. Prescriptive11. voicing12. Reference
13. Aphasia14 .Determiner15. systematic
16. closed17. pidgin18. Acronyms
19. Integrative20. performance
21. D 22. C 23. C 24. A25. A
27. C 28. B 29. D
33. A
36. C 38. D39. C
44. T 45. F 46. T。